Balinese Script – Past, Present, and Future
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A Method to Accommodate Backward Compatibility on the Learning Application-Based Transliteration to the Balinese Script
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2021 A Method to Accommodate Backward Compatibility on the Learning Application-based Transliteration to the Balinese Script 1 3 4 Gede Indrawan , I Gede Nurhayata , Sariyasa I Ketut Paramarta2 Department of Computer Science Department of Balinese Language Education Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) Singaraja, Indonesia Singaraja, Indonesia Abstract—This research proposed a method to accommodate transliteration rules (for short, the older rules) from The backward compatibility on the learning application-based Balinese Alphabet document 1 . It exposes the backward transliteration to the Balinese Script. The objective is to compatibility method to accommodate the standard accommodate the standard transliteration rules from the transliteration rules (for short, the standard rules) from the Balinese Language, Script, and Literature Advisory Agency. It is Balinese Language, Script, and Literature Advisory Agency considered as the main contribution since there has not been a [7]. This Bali Province government agency [4] carries out workaround in this research area. This multi-discipline guidance and formulates programs for the maintenance, study, collaboration work is one of the efforts to preserve digitally the development, and preservation of the Balinese Language, endangered Balinese local language knowledge in Indonesia. The Script, and Literature. proposed method covered two aspects, i.e. (1) Its backward compatibility allows for interoperability at a certain level with This study was conducted on the developed web-based the older transliteration rules; and (2) Breaking backward transliteration learning application, BaliScript, for further compatibility at a certain level is unavoidable since, for the same ubiquitous Balinese Language learning since the proposed aspect, there is a contradictory treatment between the standard method reusable for the mobile application [8], [9]. -
Attribution and Motivation: Gender, Ethnicity, and Religion Differences Among Indonesian University Students
www.sciedu.ca/ijhe International Journal of Higher Education Vol. 2, No. 1; 2013 Attribution and Motivation: Gender, Ethnicity, and Religion Differences among Indonesian University Students Novita W. Sutantoputri1 & Helen M. G. Watt1 1 Monash University, Australia Correspondence: Novita W. Sutantoputri, Monash University, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: September 21, 2012 Accepted: December 3, 2012 Online Published: December 17, 2012 doi:10.5430/ijhe.v2n1p12 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v2n1p12 This article was supported by a Postgraduate Publication Award from Monash Research Graduate School, Monash University, Australia. Abstract The study explores the possibilities of gender, ethnicity, and religion differences on attributions (locus of control, stability, personal and external control), motivational goals (learning, performance approach, performance avoidance, and work avoidance), self-efficacy, intelligence beliefs, religiosity, racial/ethnic identity, and academic performance (mid-term test, final test, and GPA scores) within the Indonesian university settings. Racial/ethnic identity had three dimensions: private regard, ethnic importance, and social embeddedness; whilst religiosity had two dimensions: religious behaviour and intrinsic religiosity. 1,006 students (73.8% Native Indonesians and 24.8% Chinese Indonesians) from three public and two private universities participated. Males were significantly higher on work avoidance goals. Ethnic and religion differences were found on religiosity: Native Indonesians and Hindus reported higher intrinsic religiosity; Christians reported greater behavioural religiousity. Gender and religion interactions revealed lower locus of control among male Chinese, and lower final test score among male Muslim. Explanations for these differences are advanced and directions for further research outlined. Keywords: Attribution, Motivational goals, Gender, Ethnicity, Religion 1. -
Language Choice of Balinese and Japanese Mixed Marriage Children
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 604-610, July 2020 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1104.11 Language Choice of Balinese and Japanese Mixed Marriage Children Lukia Zuraida Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Bali, Indonesia Made Budiarsa Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia I Ketut Darma Laksana Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia I Wayan Simpen Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia Abstract—Japanese and Balinese mixed marriage children have become bilingual since the early years of the language acquisition period. They acquired the inheritance of the languages (Indonesian, Japanese, and Balinese) from their parents. This research was conducted to find the language choice of mixed marriage children of Balinese and Japanese in Bali. The language use domain is divided into two: family and social. In each domain, the topic, the background of the situation, and the people involved are determined. The data was gathered using questionnaires employed to 10 mixed married families. The method includes observation and interviews. The result of data analysis showed that in the family domain there are variations of the children's language preferences when communicating. The children choose Indonesian when communicating with the father, and Japanese with the mother. However, there are also other options for using mixed code between Indonesian, Japanese and also English. In the social domain, the language choice is more homogeneous, which is Indonesian. Meanwhile, it was found that there was resistance towards the use of Balinese by Japanese- Balinese Mixed Marriage Family (JBMF) and the factors that affected the children's language choice were also discovered. -
Arxiv:2011.02128V1 [Cs.CL] 4 Nov 2020
Cross-Lingual Machine Speech Chain for Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks Speech Recognition and Synthesis Sashi Novitasari1, Andros Tjandra1, Sakriani Sakti1;2, Satoshi Nakamura1;2 1Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan 2RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project AIP, Japan fsashi.novitasari.si3, tjandra.ai6, ssakti,[email protected] Abstract Even though over seven hundred ethnic languages are spoken in Indonesia, the available technology remains limited that could support communication within indigenous communities as well as with people outside the villages. As a result, indigenous communities still face isolation due to cultural barriers; languages continue to disappear. To accelerate communication, speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) technology is one approach that can overcome language barriers. However, S2ST systems require machine translation (MT), speech recognition (ASR), and synthesis (TTS) that rely heavily on supervised training and a broad set of language resources that can be difficult to collect from ethnic communities. Recently, a machine speech chain mechanism was proposed to enable ASR and TTS to assist each other in semi-supervised learning. The framework was initially implemented only for monolingual languages. In this study, we focus on developing speech recognition and synthesis for these Indonesian ethnic languages: Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks. We first separately train ASR and TTS of standard Indonesian in supervised training. We then develop ASR and TTS of ethnic languages by utilizing Indonesian ASR and TTS in a cross-lingual machine speech chain framework with only text or only speech data removing the need for paired speech-text data of those ethnic languages. Keywords: Indonesian ethnic languages, cross-lingual approach, machine speech chain, speech recognition and synthesis. -
Suspicious Identity of U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG
L2/19-003 Suspicious identity of U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG Liang Hai / 梁海 <[email protected]> Aditya Bayu Perdana / <[email protected]> ꦄꦢꦶꦠꦾ ꦧꦪꦸꦥꦢꦤ 4 January 2019 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Ilham Nurwansah and the Script Ad Hoc group for their feedback. Ilham Nurwansah also kindly provided the Sundanese samples (Figure 2, 3, 4, and 5). 2 Background In the original Unicode Javanese proposal L2/08-015R Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS, the character tolong (U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG) was described as a vowel sign that is used exclusively in the Sundanese writing system with three major use cases: 1. Used alone as the vowel sign o 2. As a part of the vowel sign eu: <vowel sign ĕ, tolong> 3. As a part of the letters and conjoined forms of reu/leu: <letter / conjoined form rĕ/lĕ, tolong> Table 1. Sundanese tolong usage according to the original proposal Written form ◌ ◌ꦵ ◌ꦼ ◌ꦼꦵ ◌� ◌�ꦵ A9C0 PANGKON A9BC PEPET Encoding (A9B5 TOLONG) A989 PA CEREK (A9B5 TOLONG) (A9B5 TOLONG) Transcription a o ĕ eu rĕ reu Pronunciation [a] [o] [ə] [ɤ] [rə] [rɤ] See also the note under Table 2. However, tolong appears to be merely a stylistic variant of tarung (U+A9B4 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG), therefore the disunification of tolong from tarung is likely a mistake. 3 Proposal The Unicode Standard needs to recommend how the inappropriately disunified character U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG should be handled. 1 In particular, clarification in the names list and the Core Specification is necessary for explaining the background of the mis-disunification and recommending how both the tarung and tolong forms for both the Javanese and Sundanese languages should be implemented. -
Cqmejj · -Uhhrersity
$9uth¢a$t Mia JTogtam -1986-:13.ulletin CQmeJJ · -Uhhrersity ' - SEAP ARCHIVE COPY DO NOT REMOVE This publication has been made possible by the generosity of Robert and Ruth Polson. Southeast Asia Program 1986 Bulletin Cornell University Contents From the Director . 2 Badgley Appointed Curator of the Echols Collection . .. .. .. .. 3 Filming Javanese Manuscript Collections in Surakarta . 4 Microcomputers and the Study of Southeast Asia. .. 6 Celebrating Our Founder's Birthday.............. .... ... 7 Interview with Dr. Hendrik M. J. Maier..................... ... .. 9 Retirements. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I 2 Program Publications . 13 About Program People . 14 Thursday Luncheon Speakers .. .. .. .. I 4 Faculty and Staff Publications. .... ... .. .. .. 14 Lauriston Sharp Prize. 14 Social Science Research Council Fellowships . 15 Resident Faculty . .. .. .. 15 Visiting Faculty .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 Visiting Fellows. 15 Graduate Students in Field Published by the Southeast Asia Program, Research . 15 Cornell University, 1987 Graduate Students in Residence, Edited by Stanley J. O'Connor Spring 1986................ 15 Full-Year Asian Language Designed by Deena Wickstrom Concentration . I 6 Produced by the Office of Publications Services, Advanced Indonesian Abroad Cornell University Program. .... .......... 16 Recent Doctoral Dissertations The photograph of John H. Badgley was taken by Helen Kelley and of Hendrik M. J . Maier, by Margaret Fabrizzio. by SEAP Students........... 16 Recent Dissertations and Cover design after a woodcut of cloves from 1ratado das drogas e Theses on Southeast Asia by medicinas das indias Orientais, by Crist6vao da Costa Other Students at Cornell.. 16 from the Director Dear Friends, year we were fortunate to have Professor Charnvit Kasetsiri, vice rector of Thammasat University, come to Last year I noted that the Southeast Asia Program was teach the Thailand Seminar. -
Improvement Accuracy of Recognition Isolated Balinese Characters with Deep Convolution Neural Network
Journal of Applied Intelligent System (e-ISSN : 2502-9401 | p-ISSN : 2503-0493) Vol. 4 No. 1, 2019, pp. 22 – 27 Improvement Accuracy of Recognition Isolated Balinese Characters with Deep Convolution Neural Network Ida Bagus Teguh Teja Murti*1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Jalan Udayana No 11 Singaraja Bali 8116, (+62362) 22570 E-mail : [email protected]*1 *Corresponding author Abstract - The numbers of Balinese script and the low quality of palm leaf manuscripts provide a challenge for testing and evaluation for character recognition. The aim of high accuracy for character recognition of Balinese script,we implementation Deep Convolution Neural Network using SmallerVGG (Visual Geometry Group) Architectur for character recognition on palm leaf manuscripts. We evaluated the performance that methods and we get accuracy 87,23% . Keywords - Classfication, Deep Neural Network, Balinese Characters, Visual Geometry Group 1. INTRODUCTION Isolated handwritten character recognition (IHCR) has been the subject of vigorous research in recent years. Some populer methods in this case are CNN for recognition numbers in the MNIST digits image database [1] . There are challenges in character recognition in some scripts, such as Chinese characters [2] and Balinese characters [3] , which have more characters than numbers in MNIST. Beside numbers character there is issue in recognition character in document made palm leaf manuscript that is the condition of document has been degenerated. Therefore the researcher must carry out the process of digitizing the palm leaf manuscript, automatic analysis and the indexing system of the script simultaneously. The activity goal is bring added value to digital palm leaf manuscripts by developing tools for analyzing, developing and accessing quickly and efficiently script content. -
The Making of Middle Indonesia Verhandelingen Van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde
The Making of Middle Indonesia Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte KITLV, Leiden Henk Schulte Nordholt KITLV, Leiden Editorial Board Michael Laffan Princeton University Adrian Vickers Sydney University Anna Tsing University of California Santa Cruz VOLUME 293 Power and Place in Southeast Asia Edited by Gerry van Klinken (KITLV) Edward Aspinall (Australian National University) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki The Making of Middle Indonesia Middle Classes in Kupang Town, 1930s–1980s By Gerry van Klinken LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐ Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC‐BY‐NC 3.0) License, which permits any non‐commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of KITLV (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Cover illustration: PKI provincial Deputy Secretary Samuel Piry in Waingapu, about 1964 (photo courtesy Mr. Ratu Piry, Waingapu). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klinken, Geert Arend van. The Making of middle Indonesia : middle classes in Kupang town, 1930s-1980s / by Gerry van Klinken. pages cm. -- (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, ISSN 1572-1892; volume 293) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26508-0 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-26542-4 (e-book) 1. Middle class--Indonesia--Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur) 2. City and town life--Indonesia--Kupang (Nusa Tenggara Timur) 3. -
Maybe English First and Then Balinese and Bahasa Indonesia“: a Case of Language Shift, Attrition, and Preference
Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 11(1), May 2016, pp. 81-99 —0aybe English first and then Balinese and Bahasa Indonesia“: A case of language shift, attrition, and preference Siana Linda Bonafix* LembagaPengembanganProfesi, UniversitasTaruma Negara, Jakarta Christine Manara Program PascaSarjana, LinguistikTerapanBahasaInggris, UniversitasKatolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta Abstract This small-scale Tualitative study aims to explore the participants‘ view of languages acquired, learned, and used in their family in an Indonesian context. The two participants were Indonesians who came from multilingual and mixed-cultural family background. The study explores three research questions: 1) What are the languages acquired (by the participants‘ family members), co- existed, and/or shift in the family of the two speakers? 2) What factors affect the dynamicity of these languages? 3) How do the participants perceive their self-identity? The qualitative data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed to be analyzed using thematic analysis. The study detects local language shift to Indonesian from one generation to the next in the participants‘ family. The data also shows several factors for valorizing particular languages than the others. These factors include socioeconomic factor, education, frequency of contact, areas of upbringing (rural or urban) and attitude towards the language. The study also reveals that both participants identify their self-identity based on the place where they were born and grew up instead of their linguistic identity. Keywords: bilingualism, bilinguality, language dynamics, valorization, mix-cultural families Introduction Indonesia is a big multicultural and multilingual country. It is reported in 2016 that the population of the country is 257 million (BadanPusatStatistik, National StatisticsBureau). -
1 Brahmi Word Recognition by Supervised Techniques
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 June 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0048.v1 Brahmi word recognition by supervised techniques Neha Gautam 1*, Soo See Chai1, Sadia Afrin2, Jais Jose3 1 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak 2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück 3Amity University, Noida, India *[email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Significant progress has made in pattern recognition technology. However, one obstacle that has not yet overcome is the recognition of words in the Brahmi script, specifically the recognition of characters, compound characters, and word because of complex structure. For this kind of complex pattern recognition problem, it is always difficult to decide which feature extraction and classifier would be the best choice. Moreover, it is also true that different feature extraction and classifiers offer complementary information about the patterns to be classified. Therefore, combining feature extraction and classifiers, in an intelligent way, can be beneficial compared to using any single feature extraction. This study proposed the combination of HOG +zonal density with SVM to recognize the Brahmi words. Keeping these facts in mind, in this paper, information provided by structural and statistical based features are combined using SVM classifier for script recognition (word-level) purpose from the Brahmi words images. Brahmi word dataset contains 6,475 and 536 images of Brahmi words of 170 classes for the training and testing, respectively, and the database is made freely available. The word samples from the mentioned database are classified based on the confidence scores provided by support vector machine (SVM) classifier while HOG and zonal density use to extract the features of Brahmi words. -
Balinese Latin Text Becomes Aksara Bali Using Rule Base Method
I Putu Agus Eka Darma Udayana et. al., International Journal of Research in IT, Management and Engineering, ISSN 2249-1619, Impact Factor: 6.123, Volume 07 Issue 05, May 2017, Page 1-7 Balinese Latin Text Becomes Aksara Bali Using Rule Base Method I Putu Agus Eka Darma Udayana1, Made Sudarma2, and I Nyoman Satya Kumara3 1(Magister Program of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Udayana University Graduate Program, Sudirman Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia) 2,3(Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University Jimbaran Campus, Bali-Indonesia) Abstract: Lontar is one of the cultural heritage which has information about history of Balinese civilization in the past away. Problems encountered today are that the lontar are not well maintained. While, the lontar that used as letter of Balinese alphabet will be worn out soon, because it doesn’t have good endurance for long time. The exploiting of technology is one of media that can be used as a solution to solve the problems. The digitalization process of letter Balinese alphabet can be done by rewrite the script of that lontar in Balinese alphabet by using translation script with Rule Base and Levenshtein Distance Approach. The exploiting of technology will make the lontar becoming digital form and it won’t be worn out when the lontar is kept safe for long time and information that consisted in lontar can be protected for long time. Keywords: Translitation, rule base, levenshtein distance, aksara bali. I. INTRODUCTION Aksara Bali (Balinese Alphabet) is a symbol visual system that showed in a media, it has function to uncover the elements that expressing a language(Sudarma et al., 2016). -
Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: a Kawi Prose Anthology
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES THE MICHIGAN SERIES IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS Editorial Board Alton L. Becker John K. Musgrave George B. Simmons Thomas R. Trautmann, chm. Ann Arbor, Michigan INTRODUCTION TO OLD JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: A KAWI PROSE ANTHOLOGY Mary S. Zurbuchen Ann Arbor Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan 1976 The Michigan Series in South and Southeast Asian Languages and Linguistics, 3 Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-16235 International Standard Book Number: 0-89148-053-6 Copyright 1976 by Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-89148-053-2 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12818-1 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90218-7 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ I made my song a coat Covered with embroideries Out of old mythologies.... "A Coat" W. B. Yeats Languages are more to us than systems of thought transference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we call it literature. "Language and Literature" Edward Sapir Contents Preface IX Pronounciation Guide X Vowel Sandhi xi Illustration of Scripts xii Kawi--an Introduction Language ancf History 1 Language and Its Forms 3 Language and Systems of Meaning 6 The Texts 10 Short Readings 13 Sentences 14 Paragraphs..