SFG2631 V3

The People’s Republic of China World Bank

Public Disclosure Authorized Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in County with World Bank Loan

Public Disclosure Authorized

Environmental Management Plan

Public Disclosure Authorized

Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

Public Disclosure Authorized November 2016

Project name: Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated

Agricultural Land in with World Bank Loan

Client: Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of

Hunan Agricultural Commission

Assessment unit: Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

Institute Qualification certificate No.: G.H.P.Z.Y.Zi No. 2711

Institute Director: Chen Wei

Project director: Ouyang Kun

Project technical directors: Wang Wei and Wang Ying

Project compilers: Xiang Qiulai, Liu Jun, Yao Hui, Yuan Cuiyu,

Xun Zhou, Wu Huan and Tang Jinyao

Contents

Chapter 1 Project Overview ...... 6

1.1 Project background ...... 6

1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects ...... 7

1.3 Category and characteristics of the project...... 9

1.4 Environmental assessment method ...... 9

1.5 Basis of compilation ...... 11

1.6 Assessment standards ...... 19

1.7 Scope of assessment ...... 21

1.8 Environmental sensitive sites ...... 22

Chapter 2 Environmental ...... 30

2.1 Natural environment ...... 30

2.2 Ecological environment ...... 32

2.3 Social environment ...... 40

2.4 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status ...... 48

2.5 Investigation of agricultural products ...... 56

Chapter 3 Selection of Project Area and Analysis of Alternative Scheme ...... 59

3.1 Current situation of agricultural producing areas ...... 59

3.2 Comparison and selection of project area...... 71

3.3 Selection of Project Area ...... 78

Chapter 4 Project Content ...... 81

4.1 Project area overview ...... 81

4.2 Project objectives ...... 83

4.3 Construction content of the project ...... 85

Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) ...... 103

5.1 Analysis on impacts of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures ...... 103

5.2 Analysis on surrounding pollution sources and mitigation measures ...... 107

5.3 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities and mitigation measures ...... 110

5.4 Analysis on impacts on social environment and mitigation measures ...... 117

Chapter 6 Environmental Management Plan Management System ...... 129

6.1 Setting of environmental management organization ...... 129

6.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental management system ...... 130

6.3 Environmental management tasks in each project stage ...... 133

6.4 Public appeal and Feedback mechanism…………………………………………………..133 Chapter 7 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 136

7.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring ...... 136

7.2 Monitoring organization ...... 137

7.3 Environmental monitoring plan ...... 137

7.4 Monitoring report system ...... 147

Chapter 8 Capacity Building ...... 148

8.1 Environmental management training...... 148

8.2 Environmental management training plan and fund ...... 149

Chapter 9 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan ...... 150

9.1 Information communication ...... 150

9.2 Recording mechanism ...... 150

9.3 Reporting mechanism ...... 151

9.4 Document management ...... 152

Chapter 10 Process of Public Participation ...... 153

10.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment ...... 153

10.2 Public participation of social impact assessment ...... 170

Attached Table 1 ...... 181

List of common mitigation measures against environmental and social impacts ...... 181

Appendix 1 ...... 1

Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ...... 2

1. Bid invitation and bidding ...... 2

2. General provisions ...... 3

3. Construction site management measures ...... 5

4. Construction site construction and facility management measures ...... 6

5. Environmental protection provisions on construction stockyards ...... 9

6. Environmental protection provisions on society ...... 10

7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites...... 10

8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control ...... 12

9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control ...... 13

10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence ...... 15

11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes ...... 16

12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment ...... 17

13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety ...... 20

Appendix 2 ...... 1

Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities ...... 1

1 Environmental protection measures for lime application ...... 1

2 Environmental protection measures for application of leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner ...... 3

3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers ...... 4

4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes ...... 6

5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland ...... 7

6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk ...... 8

Appendix 3 ...... 1

Summary sheet of influence of specific points and mitigation measures ...... 1

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 1 Project Overview 1.1 Project background

Hunan Province is also called as “a land of nonferrous metals”. Many farmlands are seriously polluted by nonferrous metals arising from industrial and mining waste water as well as dust fall during mining and smelting. In 2011, nonferrous metal pollution survey and monitoring were developed in rice growing areas of 1.8 million mu in surrounding areas of industrial and mining enterprises, irrigation areas and medium-large suburbs distributed in 45 districts and counties, and 12,000 soil samples were collected in all. According to the monitoring results, the heavy metals that pollute farmland mainly included Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), As (arsenic), Hg (mercury), and Cr (chromium), especially Cd. In regard to the types of agricultural products, mainly rice and vegetables were polluted. In 2013, the reports about “cadmium-polluted rice storm” by some media aroused widespread attentions of society and high attention of government of all levels, caused huge impact on the rice industry in the whole southern China, and sounded the alarm for the issues on current agricultural production security and farmland protection. Hengyang County in Hunan Province is an important agriculture county located in Hengyang Basin, and it is also a typical city with many years of mining and beneficiating history on the Xiangjiang river basin. There are hundreds of all sizes of factories and mines as well as many pollution sources in Hengyang County, and the background value of soil heavy mental in this county has always been high, so it bears a heavy historical burden of heavy metal pollution. At present, about 20% of natural villages’ farmlands in Hengyang County are suffering different degrees of heavy metal pollution. If crops are planted on these lands, the heavy metal will be absorbed by the plant root system, leading to the reduction of crop yield or production of “poisonous food” and “poisonous vegetables” with excessive content of heavy metal.

The heavy metal will be enriched in human body and anima body through the food chain, triggering the cancer and other diseases and causing serious harm to the human

6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan and animal health. Given this, with the aims of curbing and controlling pollution of heavy metals and organic matters in agricultural producing areas, improving environments of agricultural producing areas, and guaranteeing food safety, Hengyang County is listed as the subproject county of “Integrated Management of Farmland Pollution in Hunan” after rapid risk analysis and research of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province, so as to provide reference and demonstration for other counties in Hunan to explore management modes for farmlands polluted by heavy metals. The project is a Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Yongxing, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects From 2014, pollution control and crop planting structure adjustment pilot works were carried out in heavy-metal-polluted farmland of 2,740,100 mu in Changzhutan. Implementation results of the project: VIP remediation mode was adopted; the Cd content of early rice in standard-reaching production area, controlled special production area and substitute planting area all dropped by over 40%, of late rice by 36.7%-72.1%, and the standard-reaching rates of Cd contents of both early rice and late rice obvious increased; the physical and chemical of soils became better; pH value of the soils increased slightly. A series of reproducible and propogable technical paths used in the heavy metal control pilot projects in Changzhutan provide valuable experience for integrated management project of polluted farmland in Hunan with World Bank loan, and are of actual significance to management, implementation and operation of technical 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan schemes and projects. (1) In standard-reaching production area, establish service organizations with village or town as the unit, adopt recovery technologies and measures in a centralized way, including liming, water management optimization, deep ploughing, foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer, green manure and soil conditioner (passivator and biological agent), and popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties.

(2) In controlled special production area, develop emergency treatment, popularize VIP Cd reduction measures, and initiate straw removal and safe utilization pilot; popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties, maintain the original planting habits, continue to plant rice, and implement “four-special and one-enclosure” (i.e., “special varieties, special production area, special purchasing enterprise and special storage warehouse”) based on recovery and treatment of farmland polluted by heavy metals, so as to prevent food with Cd content exceeding standard from entering the market. (3) In substitute planting area, conduct crop planting structure adjustment, with the adjustment principles as follows: the Cd contents of non-food crops or edible arts of food crops shall not exceed the national allowable value; select low-Cd crop varieties including watermelon as alternative crops for planting structure adjustment. Therefore, during the development and implementation of integrated management project polluted farmland in Hunan, it’s necessary to summarize experience and lessons of previous similar projects, learn from successful experience, prepare project area address selection scheme and technical scheme, strengthen technical training for farmers in the project area, conduct monitoring of pollution source, soils, agricultural products, irrigation water, lime and organic fertilizers, avoid “simultaneous pollution and treatment” and secondary pollution, intensify supervision on the process of project implementation, launch supervision on key nodes in accordance with the project implementation plan, master such conditions as task implementation, fund utilization and progress in a timely way, establish technical measure implementation supervision teams in all project areas, and build job log and 8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan technical measure implementation supervision account, so as to ensure smooth implementation of the project.

1.3 Category and characteristics of the project

Conduct environmental screening of type, position, sensitivity and scale of the project, as well as characteristics and scales of potential environmental impacts in accordance with environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safety Guarantee Policies of World Bank (OP4.01), and then the project is determined as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental assessment results required by type-A projects, including environmental and social management framework (ESMF), environmental management plan (EMP), environmental assessment summary (EA Summary), pest management plan (PMP), social assessment report (SA) and resettlement action plan (RAP).

The objective of the project is to analyze effective data including rice, endogenous agricultural, exogenous agricultural and agricultural production management in Hengyang County, conduct soil pollution risk assessment, farmland pollution source risk assessment and farmland management risk assessment by combining with actual situation in the project area, put forward corresponding risk management measures for different risk model combinations, and realize safety production of agricultural products through farmland risk control with integrated risk control management mechanism. Main contents of the project include sustainable management of farmland pollution, environmental management and agricultural environmental monitoring, project capacity building and project monitoring assessment, and project management.

1.4 Environmental assessment method

(1) Collect farmland soil status monitoring data, irrigation water quality data and surrounding pollution source (including historical pollution source and present

9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan pollution source) data in the proposed sub-project area for data arrangement and analysis; determine the proposed project areas according to the project area selection principles stated in the environmental and social management framework. (2) Determine the project implementation area after comparison of proposed project areas; select integrated management technical plan based on farmland soil pollution degrees; analyze the alternative plan from the aspects of technical maturity, construction difficulty, economic cost, acceptance level of the farmers, environmental influence and social influence. (3) Select appropriate assessment scope according to the actual conditions of the project area after the project area is determined. (4) Preliminarily analyze farmland soil pollution in the project area through field survey, data collection and analysis, public consultation and information disclosure. (5) Collect monitoring data or conduct field monitoring according to monitoring data requirements determined in the environmental assessment outline, and prepare field monitoring plan, including monitoring factor, distribution method, sampling quantity, and sampling and analysis method. (6) Conduct on heavy metal pollution within the assessment scope, including construction and operation of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste disposal facilities; check if concentration and discharge of waste gas and wastewater reach related standards, and if safety disposal is conducted for solid waste; set up environmental management organization and environmental management system. (7) Build risk model in the project area, and adopt rice standard-exceeding situation as the main assessment index of the risk model; make a comprehensive assessment of soil pollution risk, farmland pollution source risk and farmland management risk, determine different risk models for different project areas according to different risks (no risk I, low risk II, medium risk III, high risk IV, extremely high risk V), and put forward corresponding management and control measures.

(8) Identify environmental impacts (including positive and negative impacts) of

10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan project activities through analysis of project activities (construction activity, agricultural activity and other activities), and put forward mitigation measures.

(9) Prepare environmental management plan (EMP) of the project area; during project implementation, put forward a series of environmental influence mitigation measures, monitoring and organization construction measures, as well as environmental management, so as to eliminate or reduce adverse influence of the project on the environment; prepare plan to guarantee smooth implementation of the above measures.

(10) Prepare a comprehensive pest management plan (offprint) for all project areas in the whole province, which is used to guide pest management of sub-projects.

(11) Invite the public to fill in the participation questionnaires and convene field symposiums. Investigation scope of public investigation: project areas and areas which may be influenced; objects of public investigation: important stakeholders, including the residents involved in the project areas, the residents near the project areas, public figures who pay close attention to the project, public groups in the project areas including agricultural department, environmental protection department, water conservancy department, animal husbandry department, quality and technology supervision department, safety supervision department, and industrial and mining enterprises, and related experts. Conduct two rounds of public consultation and information disclosure during assessment. The first round is after screening the environmental problems and before the final determination of the environmental assessment outline; the second round is in the completion stage of first draft of environmental assessment report.

1.5 Basis of compilation

1.5.1 Environmental protection and

(1) of the People’s Republic of China (revised in 2004);

11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(2) of the People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy (implemented on October 1, 1984); (3) Organic Law of the Villagers’ Committee of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on November 4, 1998); (4) Law of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of

China, January 1, 2015; (5) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects, Chairman Order No. 77, September 1, 2002; (6) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, Chairman Order No. 31, January 1, 2016; (7) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Chairman Order No. 87, June 1, 2008;

(8) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, revised on April 24, 2015; (9) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, Chairman Order No. 77, March 1, 1997; (10) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, Chairman Order No. 39, March 1, 2011; (11) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Preservation of Cultural Relics, revised on June 29, 2013; (12) Water Law of the People’s Republic of China, October 1, 2002; (13) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife, August 27, 2009; (14) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Management, August, 28, 2004;

(15) Forestry Law of the People’s Republic of China revised on August 27, 2009; (16) Law of the People’s Republic of China, October 1, 2007; (17) Implementation Regulations for Land Administration Law of the People’s 12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Republic of China, revised on July 29, 2014; (18) Guidance Opinions for Improvement of Land Requisition Compensation and Resettlement, G.T.Z.F. [2004] No. 238, November 3, 2004; (19) Annoucement of the State Council about Strengthening Land Control, G.F. [2006] No. 31, August 31, 2006; (20) Annoucement of Ministry of Land and Resources and Ministry of

Agriculture about Improving Facility Land Management, G.T.Z.F. [2010] No. 155, September 30, 2010; (21) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, November 1, 2006; (22) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Basic Farmland Protection, State Council [1998] No. 257, January 1, 1999; (23) Functional Zoning of Surface Water Environment of Main Water Systems in

Hunan (DB43/023-2005); (24) Administration Measures for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects in Hunan, Order of the People’s Government of Hunan ProvincemNo. 215, October 1, 2007; (25) Regulations for Environmental Protection in Hunan, May 27, 2013; (26) Regulations for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Xiangjiang River Basin 1.5.2 Regulations of governments of all levels

(1) National “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for Environmental Protection, G.F. [2011] No. 42, December 15, 2011; (2) “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of Hunan for Environmental Protection, Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province, April 2012;

(3) “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Environmental Protection, September 16, 2014; (4) Special Planning for Heavy Metal Pollution Treatment in Xiangjiang River

13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Basin, November 209; (5) Implementation Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution Treatment in Xiangjiang River Basin, General Office of the People’s Government of Hunan, June 28, 2012; (6) Regulations for Land Consolidation and Reclamation in Hunan, November 30, 2006; (7) Opinions of Hunan Provincial Party Committee and Government about

Promoting Comprehensive Rural Land Consolidation, November 27, 2009; (8) Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan about Publishing Land Requisition Compensation Standards in Hunan (X.Z.F. [2009] No. 43), March 1, 2010; (9) Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan about Adjusting Land Requisition Compensation Standards in Hunan (X.Z.F. [2012] No. 46), December 18, 2012;

(10) Management Method for Rural Land Consolidation Projects in Hunan (X.G.T.Z.F. [2014] No. 5), April 16, 2014; (11) Several Preferential Policies of the People’s Government of Hunan about Speeding up Social and Economic Development in Ethnic Minority Regions (April 25, 2000); (12) “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of Hengyang City for Environmental Protection; (13) Overall Planning of Hengyang County (2010-2030), the People’s

Government of Hengyang County. 1.5.3 Technical guidelines and regulations for environmental impact assessment

(1) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: General Principles (HJ 2.1-2011);

(2) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2-2008); (3) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Surface Water 14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Environment (HJ/T 2.3-93); (4) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Acoustic Environment (HJ 2.4-2009); (5) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Ecological Impact (HJ 19-2011); (6) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Groundwater

Environment (HJ 610-2016); (7) Technical Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects (HJ/T 169-2004).

1.5.4 Related national standards

1.5.4.1 Environmental quality standards (1) Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995);

(2) Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002); (3) Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005); (4) Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012); (5) Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008); (6) Comprehensive Discharge Standards for Atmospheric Pollutants (GB12697-1996); (7) Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB

12523-2011); (8) Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013); (9) Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes (GB5085.1-2007)

1.5.4.2 Sanitation and safety standards for food and feed (1) Assessment Standards for Environmental Quality in Production Areas of

Edible Agricultural Products (HJ/T 332-2006); (2) National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food

15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(GB2762-2012); (3) National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Cd Content in Food (GB 5009.15-2014); (4) National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Pb Content in Food (GB 5009.12-2010); (5) National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Total Mercury and

Organic Mercury in Food (GB 5009.17-2014); (6) National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Chromiu in Food (GB 5009.123-2014); (7) National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Total Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic Content in Food (GB 5009.11-2014); (8) Food Hygiene Standards (GB13078-2001); (9) Ecological Indexes of As, Cd, b, Cr and Hg in Fertilizers (GB/T

23349-2009); (10) Organic Fertilizers (NY 525-2012).

1.5.4.3 Normative documents

⑴ Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (the State Council, May 31, 2016); (2) Implementation Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Heavy Metal

Pollution in Agricultural Producing Areas (N.K.J.F. [2012] No. 3). 1.5.5 Related documents of the World Bank

1.5.5.1 Safety guarantee policies

The World Bank formulates ten safety guarantee policies in social and environmental aspects. Identify whether the ten policies are involved according to the project nature, determined assessment scope and field investigation, with results shown in Table 1-1.

16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 1-1 Analysis of Compliance of WB Safety Guarantee Policies Involved in the

Project Safety guarantee If No. Compliance policy applicable According to environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safety Guarantee Policies (OP4.01), conduct environmental screening from the aspects of type, location, sensitivity, scale and potential environmental impact, and determine the OP/BP 4.01 project as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental 1 Environmental Yes assessment results required by type-A project, including Assessment environmental and social management framework (ESMF), environmental management plan (EMP), environmental assessment summary (EA Summary), pest management plan (PMP), social assessment report (SA), and resettlement action plan (RAP). OP/BP 4.04 The project is mainly a farming area with frequent human 2 No Natural Habitats activities. There is no natural habitat here. The policy is not used. The project will not support major OP/BP 4.36 3 changes or degradation activities of important forest regions No Forests or related important natural habits determined by the policy. The project will support sustainable soil management practice to restore and maintain the soil quality, including chemical management. Therefore, Pest Management (OP/BP4. 09) is used in the project. It’s necessary to prepare a pest management plan (PMP), which puts forward pest control and management method, and strengthen the method OP/BP4.09 of integrated pest management and recommended application 4 Yes Pest Management scopes under various conditions, and to provide a list of fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides conforming to category requirements recommended by the World Health Organization according to the project demands. PMP should also include training and monitoring scheme for project shareholders, with implementation of training and monitoring scheme included in the project budget. There is no cultural relics protection unit in the project area. OP/BP 4.11 No occupation or removal of graves is involved; however, 5 Pyhsical Cultural No it’s necessary to adopt Disposal Procedures of of Cultural Resources Relics Discovery. The project construction involves flooding irrigation, and water source reservoir dam, including irrigation water source Laowu Reservoir, Yapolong Reservoir, Gaoling Reservoir, OP/BP 4.37 Yangjiachong Reservoir, Qingshanlong Reservoir, 6 Yes Safety of Dam Datouchong Reservoir, Zhengjiachong Reservoir and Weizha Dam. It triggers Safety of Dam Guarantee Policy (OP/BP4.37) of the World Bank. The dam safety is completed by the hired dam safety experts. Many people of Tujia and Bai nationalities are involved in the project. There is no collective living in the project area. Therefore, the definition of ethnic minority by the World OP/BP 4.10 Bank is not applicable, and the ethnic minority policy of the 7 Indigenous No World Bank is not triggered. However, it is not sure whether Peoples the minority policy will be triggered during the residual project counties. Therefore, with the aim of guaranteeing justified rights and interests of minorities and reducing 17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

negative impacts, it’s necessary to prepare ethnic minority development plan framework.

Continued Table 1-1 Analysis of Compliance of WB Safety Guarantee Policies Involved

in the Project No involuntary resettlement is involved in the project, but there may be uncertain resettlement influence. Therefore, OP/BP 4.12 according to the regulations of the World Bank, when the 8 Involuntary population influenced by the selected sub-project is smaller No Resettlement than 200, the project offices and local governments should work closely with the project owner to prepare a simple resettlement plan for the selected sub-project. OP/BP7.50 Projects on The policy is not used; there is no international waterway 9 No International involved in the project area. Waterways OP/BP 7.60 The policy is not used; there is no disputed area involved in 10 Projects in No the project area. Disputed Areas According to the above identification results, the applicable safety guarantee policies are as follows:

(1) Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); (2) Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09).

1.5.5.2 Standards

(1) General Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CODEX

STAN 193-1995), revised in 2013, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC); (2) EU Commission (EU) No. 488/2014. 1.5.6 Engineering feasibility study

(1) Project Application Report of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan, Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission, January 2014;

(2) Environmental and Social Assessment Program of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan, Hunan

18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal, and Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, , December 2015; (3) Environmental and Social Management Framework of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan, Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal, September 2016; (4) Feasibility Study Report of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated

Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan, Agricultural Consultation Center of Hunan Province, August 2016; (5) Other materials related to the project.

1.6 Assessment standards

1.6.1 Quality standards

(1) Ambient air: level-2 stated in Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012); (2) Surface water: type-II and type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002); irrigation water: Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005); (3) Acoustic environment: type-2 standards stated in Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008);

(4) Soils: level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995); (5) Agricultural products (rice samples): National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012); (6) Sediments in irrigation canals: level-II standard limit values stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). 1.6.2 Discharge standards

(1) Atmospheric pollutants: level-II stated in Comprehensive Standards for

19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants (GB16297-1996); (2) Water pollutants: level-I stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Sewage (GB8978-1996); (3) Noises: Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB 12523-2011); (4) Solid wastes: Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for

General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013). Standard values of assessment factors: see Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 Standard Values of Assessment Factors Name of standard Standard value

Item TSP SO2 NO•2• Level-2 stated in Quality Hour average value / 500 200 Standards for Ambient (ug/m3) Air (GB3095-2012) Annual average value 200 60 40 (ug/m3)

phosphorus Total

Ammonia

nitrogen

Type-II stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg

Environmental quality

standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard value 6～9 15 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.00005 (mg/L)

phosphorus

Ammonia

nitrogen

Total Type-III stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg

Environmental quality

standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard value 6～9 20 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 (mg/L) Item COD SS Cd Pb As Hg Cr Quality Standards for Standard Farmland Irrigation value 150 80 0.01 0.2 0.05 0.001 0.1 Water (GB5084-2005) (mg/L) Level-II standards stated Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg in Environmental quality Standard ＜6.5 ≤250 ≤30 ≤0.3 ≤250 ≤0.3 standard for soils value 6.5～7.5 ≤300 ≤25 ≤0.3 ≤300 ≤0.5 (GB15618-1995) (mg/L) ＞7.5 ≤350 ≤20 ≤0.6 ≤350 ≤1.0 Total Inorganic National Standards for Item Hg Cd Pb chromium arsenic Food Safety: Limits of Standard Pollutants in Food value 1.0 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 (GB2762-2012) (mg/L) Type-2 standards stated Item At daytime At night in Quality Standards for Type-2 Acoustic Environment 60dB(A) 50dB(A) standards (GB3096-2008)

20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

level-II stated in Item PM SO2 NOX Comprehensive Standards Standard for Discharge of value 120 550 240 Atmospheric Pollutants (mg/m3) (GB16297-1996) Petrole Level-I stated in Item pH SS Pb As Cd Cr Hg COD um Cr Comprehensive Concentr Standards for Discharge ation of Sewage 6～9 70 5 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.05 100 limit (GB8978-1996) (mg/L)

1.7 Scope of assessment

According to identification results and actual condition of the project area, the assessment scope of the project is as follows:

(1) Xidu Town Project Area The evaluation scope of Xidu Town Project Area consists of the Zhengfa River used as the irrigation water source as well as the areas influenced by construction

activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding villages, such as Qingmu Village, Meihua Village, Douling Village, Xianzhong Village and Shuangqiao Village. (2)Taiyuan County Project Area The evaluation scope of Taiyuan Town Project Area consists of the Zhengfa River used as the irrigation water source as well as the areas influenced by

construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding villages and schools, such as the Jiushi Village, Taijiu Village, Hengxing Village, Changqing Village and Ruiji Primary School. (3) Hongshi Town Project Area The evaluation scope of Hongshi Town Project Area consists of the Zhengfa River used as the irrigation water source as well as the areas influenced by construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding villages,

such as the Hongshi Village, Yutian Village, Gaolu Village, Daoshan Village, Qingjiang Village and Shimen Village.

21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

The influence scope of the above construction activities is only limited to the construction period, and the influence of construction activities on the environment will disappear after completion of the construction period.

1.8 Environmental sensitive sites

According to the field investigation of the project areas, the environmental sensitive sites of the project are shown in Table 1-3 and Figures 1-1~1-4.

Table 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Hengyang County

No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks It is originated in and enters Hengyang County through Jinlan Town Irrigation water source of Hengyang County, for the Xidu Town showing a Z shape. It flows Project Area, with a through Hongshi Town, length of 133 km within Sanhu Town, Zhajiang Surface the territory of Zhengshui Town, Taiyuan Town and water Hengyang County, a Xidu Town of Hengyang catchment area of County as well as Santang 2336km2 and multi-year Town of , mean runoff volume of Daiyingling Town of Xidu 1.6 billion m3. Zhengxiang , etc and Town 1 flows into Xiang River in Project Shigu District. Area Mainly the population Qingmu influenced by civil Atmosp Village construction activities, heric about 3 households environ Mainly the population Xidu Town Project Area has ment Meihua influenced by civil a farmland area of 397.25 and Village construction activities, hectares acoustic about 4 households environ Mainly the population ment Douling influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 5 households

22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Mainly the population Xianzhong influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 4 households Mainly the population Shuangqiao influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 3 households It is originated in Shaodong and enters Hengyang County through Jinlan Town Irrigation water source of Hengyang County, for the Taiyuan Town showing a Z shape. It flows Project Area, with through Hongshi Town, length of 133km within Sanhu Town, Zhajiang Surface the territory of Zhengshui Town, Taiyuan Town and water Hengyang County, Xidu Town of Hengyang catchment area of County as well as Santang 2336km2 and multi-year Town of Hengnan County, mean runoff volume of Daiyingling Town of 1.6 billion m3. , etc and flows into Xiang River in Shigu District. Taiyuan Mainly the population Town 2 Jiushi influenced by civil Project Village construction activities, Area about 3 households Atmosp Mainly the population heric Taijiu influenced by civil environ Village construction activities, Taiyuan Town Project Area ment about 3 households has a farmland area of and Mainly the population 445.59 hectares acoustic Hengxing influenced by civil environ Village construction activities, ment about 5 households Mainly the population Changqing influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 5 households Total 300 teachers and Located in Taijiu Village of Ruiji Primary School students Taiyuan Town

23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Continued Table 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Hengyang County No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks It is originated in Shaodong and enters Hengyang Irrigation water source County through Jinlan for the Hongshi Town Town of Hengyang County, showing a Z shape. It flows Project Area, with length through Hongshi Town, Zhengsh of 133km within the Sanhu Town, Zhajiang Surface ui territory of Hengyang Town, Taiyuan Town and water Village County, catchment area Xidu Town of Hengyang County as well as Santang of 2336 km2 and Town of Hengnan County, multi-year mean runoff Daiyingling Town of volume of 1.6 billion m3. Zhengxiang District, etc and flows into Xiang River in Shigu District. Mainly the population Hongshi influenced by civil Hongshi Village construction activities, Town about 5 households 3 Project Mainly the population Area Yutian influenced by civil Atmosp Village construction activities, heric about 6 households environ Mainly the population Hongshi Town Project Area ment Gaolu influenced by civil has a farmland area of and Village construction activities, 529.5 hectares acoustic about 4 households environ Mainly the population Daosha ment influenced by civil n construction activities, Village about 4 households Mainly the population Qingjia influenced by civil ng construction activities, Village about 3 households 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Mainly the population Shimen influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 3 households

25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 1-1 Project Location and Distribution of Environmental Sensitive Sites in Hengyang County

26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Xidu Town Project Area

27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Taiyuan Town Project Area

28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 2 Environmental Status

2.1 Natural environment

2.1.1 Geographical location

Hengyang County is under the of Hengyang City of Hunan Province

and is located in the northwest of Hengyang City and middle reaches of Xiang River. It is named for its location in the south of Hengshan Mountain. It has a common boundary with the Nanyue District and , and it neighbors Zhengxiang District, Shigu District and Hengnan County in the south, adjoins and Shaodong County of City in the west and borders on of City in the north. It has a east-west width of 74km and south-north length of 55km. Implementation points in all project areas of Hengyang

County: see Attached Figure 1.

2.1.2 Landform

Hengyang County is located at the transition belt between the rising of Wuling and sinking of Dongting Lake, i.e the northern margin of “Hengyang Basin”. The Tertiary red rock stratum is deposited in the center of the basin, with a thickness about

3000. A series of dome belts in the east, north and west are distributed surrounding the axis of red basin in the center and south, and the tectonic postures are different. The geomorphic type is dominated by hillrock, and in which, the area of mountainous region, hilly region, downland region, plain region and water region respectively accounts for 21%, 27%, 27%, 21% and 4% of total area.

2.1.3 Weather

Hengyang County is located in the continental mid-subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with four distinctive seasons, sufficient heat and annual average

30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan temperature of 17.8℃. It has an annual average sunlight duration of 1361.7 hours, solar radiation of 107.64 kilocalorie/cm2, annual average frost-free period of 289 days and annual average surface temperature of 20.7℃. It has obvious wet season and dry season, and the annual average precipitation is 1329.4mm. The precipitation in spring and summer is larger than that in autumn and winter. The precipitation in wet season accounts for 45% of annual precipitation, while the precipitation in dry season only accounts for 10% of annual precipitation. The multi-year average relative humidity is 79%. 2.1.4 Surface water

Zhengshui River is a main river in Hengyang County and it is a large tributary of

Xiang River, known as Cao River. It is originated in Shaodong and enters Hengyang

County through Jinlan Town of Hengyang County, showing a Z shape. It flows through Hongshi Town, Sanhu Town, Zhajiang Town, Taiyuan Town and Xidu Town of Hengyang County as well as Santang Town of Hengnan County, Daiyingling Town of Zhengxiang District, etc and flows into Xiang River in Shigu District. Zhengshui

River has a length of 133km within the territory of Hengyang County, with the catchment area of 2336km2 and multi-year mean runoff volume of 1.6 billion m3.

Distribution of water system in Hengyang County: see Figure 2-1.

31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 2-1Distribution of water system in Hengyang County

2.2 Ecological environment

⑴ Current situation of land utilization Hengyang County has a total land area of 255860 hectares, including the cultivated land area of 69670 hectares (paddy field area of 28589.51 hectares), garden area of 4735 hectares, forest land area of 129280 hectares, grassland area of 4330 hectares, land area of 17045 hectares used for city, town and village as well as the industry and mining, traffic land area of 4482 hectares, land area of 18684 hectares for water area and water conservancy facilities, and other land area of 7634 hectares. In which, the cultivated lands are mainly widely distributed in each town, and the Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town, Yanpo Town, Changan Town and Banshi

Town, etc have a larger distribution area of cultivated lands. The distribution of current land use status is detailed in the Fig.2-2, while the specific distribution of

32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan cultivated land is shown in the Table 2-1.

Figure 2-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Hengyang County (1)

33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in

Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

cy cy

thers

O

mining

rassland

facilities

G

Forest land Forest

Garden land Garden

Cultivated land Cultivated Land for traffic for Land

and plant village, urban

conservan water for Land Land for Land

Figure 2-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Hengyang County (2)

Table 2-1 Farmland Distribution in Hengyang County (unit: hectare)

Name of town Paddy field No. Total area Farmland area Remarks and townships area 1 Xidu Town 15273.86 5315.33 4695.75 2 Jibing Town 6862.98 2178.92 2075 3 Shanqiao Town 7100.67 1527.17 1418.4 4 Jingtou Town 15518.44 3478.37 2835.08 5 Yanpo Town 8746.58 3025.94 2626.78 6 Jinlan Town 16483.65 4082.94 3374.82 7 Hongshi Town 11299.46 2924.74 2462.08 8 Qulan Town 11789.71 2835.75 2326.35 9 Jinxi Town 11243.08 1793.1 1550.59 10 Jiepai Town 9894.43 1328.64 1199.56 11 Zhajiang Town 14044.12 4856.25 4301.47 12 Sanhu Town 11255.88 3210.9 2802.09 13 Taiyuan Town 11894.59 4836.01 4382.34 14 Guanshi Town 9074.32 2622.08 2057.89 Kuzongqiao 15 9973.21 2633.7 2117.9 Town 16 Xianshan Town 15661.39 5099.49 4069.24 17 Shishi Town 14516.32 3504.78 3075.68

34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Zhangmu 18 9903.29 1922.34 1805.76 Township Goulou 19 12024.14 1588.38 1536.37 Township Lanlong 20 5134.68 1729.29 1429.71 Township Da’an 21 7905.54 2452.15 2007.36 Township Xijiang 22 8422.07 2485.51 2166.91 Township Chang’an 23 3894.51 1505.74 1256.58 Township Banshi 24 2749 1097.88 970.22 Township Zhangshu 25 2519.99 838.47 758.48 Township Chaojiang 26 2675.39 796.13 766.85 Township Total 255861.3 69670 60069.26

⑵ Soil ① Soil texture The area of soil-texture paddy fields is the largest one in various types of padding fields in Hengyang County, and its specific area is 23898.14 hectares accounting for 34.63%; the followed main types of soil textures are as follows: sandy loam soil 18070.14 hectares, medium loam soil 13816.98 hectares, heavy loam soil 9636.8 hectares, compacted sandy soil 2859.27 hectares and light loam soil 1388.67 hectares. The distribution of soil textures of the county see Table 2-2 and Figure 2-3.

Table 2-2 The distribution of soil textures in Hengyang County (unit: hectare) Light Sandy Compact Medium Medium Heavy Soil type Total loam loam soil land clay loam loam Farmland 925 12420.07 2033 22630.67 13680.59 8380.67 60070 Dry land 463.67 5650.07 826.27 1267.47 136.39 1256.13 9600 Total 1388.67 18070.14 2859.27 23898.14 13816.98 9636.8 69670

35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 2-3 The distribution of soil textures in Hengyang County ②Soil pH value For the pH of the cultivated lands in Hengyang County, the pH of totally 52534.5 hectares of cultivated land is within the appropriate range (5.0-7.0). These cultivated lands are mainly concentrated in Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town, Yanpo

Town, Zhajiang Town, Banshi Town, Jinlan Town, etc. About 7199.53 hectares of cultivated lands have a high pH value (7.0-7.5), and about 14.07 hectares of cultivated lands have an extremely low pH value, i.e strongly acid lands. These strongly acid lands are mainly distributed in Xianshan Town, Qulan Town, Guanshi Town and Sanhu Town. About 13915.73 hectares of cultivated lands show the alkalescence

(7.0-7.5) and relatively higher alkalinity (>7.5). The soil acidity or alkalinity of the whole county is detailed in the Table 2-3 and Fig.2-4. 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 2-3 Distribution of Soil Acidity or Alkalinity in Each Town of Hengyang County (Unit: Hectares) Extremely Appropria Extremely Town and Low High low te high Total township <4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-7.0 7.0-7.5 >7.5 Banshi 1 0 1135.93 81.4 21.67 1240 Township Chang’an 0 20.2 299.2 273.2 1024.2 1616.8 Township Chaojiang 0 349.13 600.93 2.6 0.6 953.33 Township Da’an 0.4 32.27 1931.8 142.27 14.33 2121.07 Township Goulou 0 0 784.87 589.33 88.87 1463.13 Township Guanshi 1.6 396.4 1667.67 58.93 10.27 2134.8 Township Hongshi 0 41.47 2781.53 255.73 59.87 3138.6 Town Jibing 1 0 2072.2 508.8 85.4 2667.4 Town Jiepai 0.4 425.2 642 0 0 1067.6 Town Jinlan 0 51.93 3814.33 268.73 122.07 4257.13 Town Jinxi 0.47 29.73 1069.33 19.07 0 1118.6 Town Jingtou 1.13 22.47 2533.53 84.2 9.67 2650.93 Town Kuzong 0 104.4 2420 15.73 0 2540.13 Township Lanlong 0 74.07 1128.07 213.2 54 1469.4 Township Qulan 1.67 421.33 2313.87 137 26.27 2900.2 Township Sanhu 1.27 34.93 3040.87 304.27 124.07 3505.33 Town Shanqiao 0.33 115.87 1051.87 75.6 298.6 1542.2 Town Shishi 1.07 93.8 2657.73 353.2 131.2 3237 Township Taiyuan 0 78.4 3534.87 672.07 809.27 5094.6 Town Xidu 0.13 35.87 3057 1186.4 1843.93 6123.33 Town Xijiang 0.87 431.33 1309 0 0 1741.2 Township Xianshan 2.07 95.87 2950.4 634.13 1242.67 4925.13 Township Yanpo 0.33 90.27 2834.13 79.6 69.8 3074.2 Township Zhajiang 0.4 20.6 3651.27 1064.07 573.4 5309.73 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Township Zhangmu 0 238.8 1805.33 21.8 0 2065.93 Township Zhangshu 0 1.33 1446.77 158.13 106 1712.23 Township Total 14.07 3205.73 52534.5 7199.53 6716.13 69670

Figure 2-4 Distribution of Soil Acidity or Alkalinity in Hengyang County

③Soil organic matter

Hengyang County has total paddy field area of 69670 hectares, including 35499.86 hectares within an appropriate range (20-30g/kg), 29193.77 hectares at a high level (30-40g/kg) and relatively few hectares at an extremely high and low level. It thus can be seen that the soil organic content of paddy fields in Hengyang County is relatively higher and is at an above-average level. The distribution of soil organic content in the whole county is detailed in the Table 2-4 and Fig. 2-5. Table 2-4 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Each Town of Hengyang County (Unit: Hectares) Grading Criteria (g/kg) Town and Extremely Medium Extremely Total township Low 10-20 High 30-40 low <10 20-30 high >40

38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Grading Criteria (g/kg) Town and Extremely Medium Extremely Total township Low 10-20 High 30-40 low <10 20-30 high >40 Banshi 0 73.47 854.93 311 0.6 1240 Township Chang’an 0 42 820.67 717.13 37 1616.8 Township Chaojiang 0 23.27 544.2 375.6 10.27 953.34 Township Da’an 0 7.4 787.47 1216.87 109.33 2121.07 Township Goulou 0 8.47 404.33 915.33 135 1463.13 Township Guanshi 0 19.4 731.33 1151 233.07 2134.8 Township Hongshi 0 4.33 510.27 2048.73 575.27 3138.6 Town Jibing 0 13 1729.67 903.33 21.47 2667.47 Town

Continued Table 2-4 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Each Town of Hengyang County (Unit: Hectares) Grading Criteria (g/kg) Town and Extremely Medium Extremely Total township Low 10-20 High 30-40 low <10 20-30 high >40 Jiepai 0 4.2 495.8 533.73 33.8 1067.53 Town Jinlan 0 156.93 2145.2 1768.33 186.6 4257.06 Town Jinxi Town 0 0.47 358.47 719.6 40.07 1118.61 Jingtou 0 137.73 1241.27 1176.8 95.13 2650.93 Town Kuzong 0 3.8 523.73 1871.6 141 2540.13 Township Lanlong 0 273.67 989.87 205.87 0 1469.41 Township Qulan 0 1.67 748 1839.47 311 2900.14 Township Sanhu 0 10.27 1326.33 2033.53 135.2 3505.33 Town Shanqiao 0 306.67 881.07 344.47 10 1542.21 Town Shishi 0 30.07 2093.93 1092.53 20.4 3236.93 Township Taiyuan 0 162.73 3668.67 1232.6 30.67 5094.67 Town Xidu Town 0 290.67 3292.6 2375.2 164.93 6123.4 Xijiang 0 33.07 627.07 980.93 100.13 1741.2 Township Xianshan 0 294.2 3311.8 1281.73 37.4 4925.13 Township Yanpo 0 53.67 1434.4 1514.53 71.6 3074.2 Township

39 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Zhajiang 0 373.53 3330.8 1594.13 11.27 5309.73 Township Zhangmu 0 128.67 1216.47 720.8 0 2065.94 Township Zhangshu 0 9.2 1431.51 268.93 2.6 1712.24 Township Total 0 2462.56 35499.86 29193.77 2513.81 69670

Figure 2-5 Distribution of Farmland Organic Content in Hengyang County

2.3 Social environment

(1) Polulation and ethnic minority In 2014, the total population of County: 1,125,200 (about 291,600 households); in which, urban population of 408,800 and rural population of 716,400. There are 525,800 thousand females, accounting for 47.63% of the total population. There is no ethnic minority community here. (2) Administrative division

40 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

There are totally 25 towns in Hengyang County, which are respectively Xidu Town, Xianshan Town, Sanhu Town, Jingtou Town, Guanshi Town, Taiyuan Town, Qulan Town, Shanqiao Town, Jinlan Town, Jinxi Town, Hongshi Town, Jiepai Town, Jibing Town, Zhajiang Town, Yanpo Town, Kuzongqiao Town, Shishi Town, Da’an Township, Chang’an Township, Lanlong Township, Goulou Township, Xijiang Township, Zhangmu Township, Zhangshu Township and Banshi Township.

(3) Economic condition In 2014, the total output value reached 26.323 billion yuan. The value added in the primary industry: 6.318 billion yuan, with the growth of 4.6%; value added in the secondary industry: 10.494 billion yuan, with the growth of 7.5%; value added in the tertiary industry: 9.511 billion yuan, with the growth of 14.7%.; The value added in the primary industry accounts for 24.0% of the total output value; value added in the secondary industry accounts for 39.9% and value added in the tertiary industry accounts for 36.1%; contribution rates of three industries are 11.8%, 34.6% and 53.6% respectively. The per capita GDP is calculated to be 21,289 Yuan according to the permanent resident population, with a growth rate of 9.2%. (4) Agricultural production The comprehensive productivity of grain, oil, cotton and pig of Hengyang County ranks among the top in the whole province. The sowing area of food crops throughout the year is 100,000 hectares, and the grain production is more than

600,000 tons. It also has 49,300 hectares of oilseed rape which can produce approximately 100,000 tons of rapeseed; 7800 hectares of cottons which can produce more than 30,000 tons of unginned cottons; 14100 hectares of aquaculture waters which can totally produce 64000 tons of aquatic products; and 2,000,000 marketing hogs and 21,000,000 marketing poultries throughout the year. Hengyang County has been successively awarded as the national or provincial advanced county for grain production. Its rapeseed production ranks among top 3 in Hunan Province and production of unginned cottons ranks top 5 in Hunan Province, and it is also awarded

41 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the top 100 counties in China for production of hogs. The agricultural production status of Hengyang County is detailed in the Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 Agricultural Production of Hengyang County project area (2014)

No. Content Unit Total Remarks

1 Total land area Hectares 255860 2 Farmland area Hectares 69670 Mainly double In which, paddy field area Hectares 60070 cropping rice 3 Sown areas and yields of crops — — Plantation area Hectares 104520 3.1 Food crops Total yield Tons 625690 Double cropping In Plantation area Hectares 93410 rice which, rice Total yield Tons 579497 Plantation area Hectares 8790 3.2 Vegetables Total yield Tons 277412 Plantation area Hectares 7660 3.3 Cotton Total yield Tons 10685 Plantation area Hectares 49300 3.4 Crape Total yield Tons 75295 Mainly grapefruit, Plantation area Hectares 4260 orange, jujube, 3.5 Fruit etc. Total yield Tons 163104

(5) Grain production status Rice is the main food crop in the whole county and has a sowing area of 93410 hectares. The cropping system includes the triple cropping system, double cropping system and single cropping system. The area of paddy field adopting the triple cropping system is 3533.33 hectares, accounting for 5.9% of total area of paddy fields, and the main cropping forms include rice – rice – fertilizer, rice – rice –oilseed rape and rice – rice –vegetables; the area of paddy field adopting the double cropping system is 52600 hectares, accounting for 87.6% of total area of paddy fields, and the main cropping forms include rice – rice, oilseed rape – rice, vegetables – rice, 42 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan cigarette – rice, watermelon – rice and corn – rice, etc; The area of paddy field adopting the triple cropping system is 3933.33 hectares, accounting for 6.5% of total area of paddy fields, and the main cropping forms include rice – idling. The planted rice varieties mainly include Xiangzaoxian 45, Xiangwanxian 13, Huanghuazhan, etc. Distribution of rice planting is detailed in the Fig.2-6. Rice planting system of Hengyang County is shown in the Table 2-6, while the distribution of rice plant is shown in the Fig.2-6.

Table 2-6 Rice Plantation System in Hengyang County

Plantatio Plantatio n scale Plantation mode Distribution n system (hectare) Qulan Township, Shishi Township, Sanhu Single 3933.33 Rice-idle Town, Jinxi Town, Jingtou Town, Kuzong cropping Township, etc. Rice-rice, crape-rice, Double 52600.34 vegetable-rice, tobacco-rice, Xidu Town, Hongshi Town, Taiyuan Town cropping watermelon-rice, corn-rice Rice-rice-fertilizer, Triple 3533.33 rice-rice-crape, Xidu Town, Zhangshu Township, etc. cropping rice-rice-vegetable Total 60067

43 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 2-6 Distribution of Rice Plantation in Hengyang County (6) Farmland infrastructure According to statistics of testing soils for formulated fertilization, area with completely compatible infrastructure: 87.06 hectares; compatible area: 2,441.99 hectares; area with basically compatible infrastructure: 27,768.68 hectares; area with incompatible infrastructure: 19,706.39 hectares; area without farmland facility: 10,065.88 hectares.

Table 2-7 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Hengyang County (unit: hectare) Township Completely Basically Incompatib Compatible No facility Total (town) compatible compatible le Banshi 0 0 345.93 749.53 32.93 1128.39 Township Chang’an 0 0 285.47 658.8 388 1332.27 Township Chaojiang 0 0 694.93 201.73 0 896.66 Township Da’an 0 0 340.2 1260.8 0 1601 Township Goulou 0 0 946.87 286.07 0 1232.94 Township Guanshi 0 0 1373.07 0 172.8 1545.87 Township Hongshi 0 36 1375 475.53 827.07 2713.6 44 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Township Completely Basically Incompatib Compatible No facility Total (town) compatible compatible le Town Jibing Town 0 264 2544.13 74.8 0 2882.93 Jiepai Town 0 0 61.6 157.4 526.87 745.87 Jinlan Town 14.73 198.87 1362.53 1738.13 0 3314.26 Jinxi Town 0 211.2 10.8 416.93 5.4 644.33 Jingtou 0 0 535 372.47 900.67 1808.14 Town Kuzong 0 0 769.47 880.4 429.8 2079.67 Township Lanlong 0 0 336.4 807.33 0 1143.73 Township Qulan Town 0 0 2127.8 80.8 13.47 2222.07 Sanhu Town 0 0 1914.2 0 1342.93 3257.13 Shanqiao 0 0 272.67 1149.07 0 1421.74 Town Shishi 0 182.4 392.13 492.47 1523 2590 Township Taiyuan 0 215.8 625.2 3363.47 720.2 4924.67 Town Xidu Town 0 650.07 1752 3570.73 233.6 6206.4 Xijiang 0 0 0 283.2 762.4 1045.6 Township Xianshan 0 99.87 2996.47 454 644.67 4195.01 Township Yanpo 0 29.98 1976.87 5.93 834.8 2847.58 Township Zhajiang 72.33 325.47 2197.4 1663.47 602.67 4861.34 Township Zhangmu 0 103.33 1815.27 0 0 1918.6 Township Zhangshu 0 125 717.27 563.33 104.6 1510.2 Township Total 87.06 2441.99 27768.68 19706.39 10065.88 60070 Note: In accordance with the requirements of the Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Theory and Practice of Hunan Province, farmland infrastructure consists of the complete support, supporting, basic supporting, non-supporting and zero supporting facilities. Irrigation and drainage ditches among farmlands, land leveling, ruralizing, tractor-ploughing road, lines of trees, etc are all the farmland facilities. Farmland infrastructure mainly includes the following items: 1. Land leveling to make piece of paddy field in a square shape; 2. Supporting by three ditches (flood diversion ditch, water drainage ditch and irrigation ditch); 3. Supporting by three networks (ditch network, road network and forest network). The farmland infrastructure containing the above-mentioned 3 items are the complete supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking one item are the supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking two items are the basic supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure containing 1-2 items not at a high standard are the non-supporting facilities, and the farmland infrastructure not constructed are deemed to have zero facility. (7) Overview of Project Area ① Geographical location of the area 45 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Taiyuan Town is located in the center of Hengyang County, with a total area of 118km2 and a distance of 13km from the county. It is adjacent to Shanqiao Town in the east, Xidu Town in the south, Lanlong Town in the west and Changan Town in the north. Xidu Town is the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of Hengyang County and it is also the premise of county Party committee and government, with a total area of 152.6km2. It is adjacent to Zhangshu Town in the east, Songmutang Town in the south, Xianshan Town in the west and Taiyuan Town in the north. Hongshi Town is one of the national key towns, demonstrative town of Hunan Province and also the second largest town in Hengyang County. The national highway S210 runs through Hongshi Town from the south to the north. It is adjacent to Sanhu Town and Changan Town in the east, Jinxi Town and Zhajiang Town in the south,

Da’an Town and Yanpo Town in the west, and Qulan Town and Jinlan Town in the north. ② Project area of Xidu Town Project area of Xidu Town includes 5 villages: Qingmu Village, Meihua Village, Douling Village, Xianzhong Village and Shuangqiao Village, with a total area of 455 hectares. Qingmu Village in the project area has a population of 1964 and farmland area of 77.20 hectares, including 75.27 hectares of paddy field. Meihua Village in the project area has a population of 1384 and farmland area of 117.07 hectares, including 111.13 hectares of paddy field. Douling Village in the project area has a population of 1112 and farmland area of 89.73 hectares, including 74.20 hectares of paddy field. Xianzhong Village in the project area has a population of 1209 and farmland area of 67.93 hectares, including 66.47 hectares of paddy field. Shuangqiao Village in the project area has a population of 558 and farmland area of 45.33 hectares, including

37.00 hectares of paddy field. The whole project area has 349 hectares of concentrated and continuous lands and grain production quantity of 3802 tons and its cropping

46 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan system is mainly the “rice-rice-fertilizer” and “rice- oilseed rape” systems. ③ Project area of Taiyuan Town Project area of Taiyuan Town consists of 4 villages: Jiushi Village, Taijiu Village, Changqing Village and Hengxing Village, with a total area of 400 hectares. Jiushi Village in the project area has a population of 1315 and farmland area of 130 hectares, including 107.5 hectares of paddy field. Taijiu Village in the project area has a population of 1654 and farmland area of 128.8 hectares, including 122.87 hectares of paddy field. Changqing Village in the project area has a population of 1283 and farmland area of 105 hectares, including 90.2 hectares of paddy field. Hengxing Village in the project area has a population of 1239 and farmland area of 81.8 hectares, including 81.8 hectares of paddy field. The whole project area has 266.3 hectares of concentrated and continuous lands and grain production quantity of 2327 tons and its cropping system is mainly the “rice-rice-fertilizer” system.

④ Project area of Hongshi Town Project area of Hongshi Town consists of 6 villages: Hongshi, Daoshan, Yutian, Gaolu, Qingjiang and Shimen, with a total area of 400 hectares. Hongshi Village in the project area has a population of 1500 and farmland area of 127.20 hectares, including 82.20 hectares of paddy field. Daoshan Village in the project area has a population of 1500 and farmland area of 83.13 hectares, including 64.67 hectares of paddy field. Yutian village in the project area has a population of 1956 and farmland area of 127.20 hectares, isncluding 82.20 hectares of paddy field. Gaolu village in the project area has a population of 2038 and farmland area of 85.33 hectares, including 81.33 hectares of paddy field. Qingjiang village in the project area has a population of 1249 and farmland area of 66.69 hectares, including 62.52 hectares of paddy field. Shimen village in the project area has a population of 800 and farmland area of 38.93 hectares, including 36.80 hectares of paddy field. The whole project area has 264.8 hectares of concentrated and continuous lands and grain production quantity of 2561 tons and its cropping system is mainly the “rice-rice-fertilizer” system.

47 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 2.4 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status

2.4.1 Investigation and assessment of current surface water environment status

⑴ Distribution of monitoring points

Irrigation water for the project areas in Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town and Hongshi Town of Hengyang County is from the Zhengshui River. With the aim of investigating Zhengshui water quality, the Agricultural Bureau of Hengyang County entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor Zhengshui, with the monitoring results shown in Table 2-8. ⑵ Time of monitoring January 15-17, 2016

⑶ Assessment standards Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III standards stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) ⑷ Assessment results According to Table 2-8, monitoring factors of each cross section of Zhengshui River (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water

(GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002).

48 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 2-8 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Hengyang County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitorin Monitoring Total Ammoni g point Name date pH COD phosphor a As Pb Cd Cr VI Hg location cr us nitrogen 2016.1.15 7.02 17.4 0.05 0.324 ND ND ND ND ND Oujia Group, Upstream of 2016.1.16 7.05 18.2 0.04 0.288 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Yutian Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.05 14.2 0.02 0.285 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.15 7.35 23.3 0.11 3.77 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Linjiao Group, Midstream of 2016.1.16 7.43 31.6 0.12 3.55 0.001 ND ND ND ND Daoshan Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.34 21.7 0.09 3.52 0.0009 ND ND ND ND Hongshi Standard Town exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.15 7.56 10.1 0.06 0.442 0.0016 ND ND ND ND Yongxing Group, Downstream 2016.1.16 7.60 12.7 0.06 0.549 0.0025 ND ND ND 0.00005 Shimen Village of Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.58 5.90 0.04 0.450 0.0025 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment result (%) Maximum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 times of ultra

49 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

standard 2016.1.15 7.45 16.8 0.09 0.376 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Shizitang Group, Upstream of 2016.1.16 7.38 16.6 0.10 0.332 0.0013 ND ND ND ND Hengxing Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.47 13.8 0.07 0.297 0.001 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Taiyuan standard Town 2016.1.15 7.64 14.2 0.10 0.572 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Fengtantou, Taijiu Midstream of 2016.1.16 7.70 15.6 0.09 0.588 0.001 ND ND ND ND Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.62 10.0 0.07 0.541 0.0009 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water 5.5～8.5 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 (GB5084-2005) Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 water (GB3838-2002)

50 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Continued Table 2-8 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Hengyang County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monit Monitoring and assessment factor oring Hexava Monitoring Total point Name Ammonia Cadmi lent date pH COD phospho Arsenic Lead Mercury locati cr nitrogen um chromi rus on um Yongxingqiao 2016.1.15 7.68 18.6 0.10 0.596 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Downstream Group of Jiushi 2016.1.16 7.75 12.7 0.09 0.618 0.0011 ND ND ND ND of Zhengshui Village 2016.1.17 7.64 10.0 0.07 0.555 0.001 ND ND ND ND Taiyu Standard an exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Town Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Fengxin Group 2016.1.15 7.54 28.7 0.15 1.75 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Upstream of of Douling 2016.1.16 7.63 33.1 0.19 1.72 0.0014 ND ND ND 0.00004 Zhengshui Village 2016.1.17 7.55 26.5 0.15 1.76 0.0015 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) Xidu result Maximum Town times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Chaping Group 2016.1.15 7.63 12.3 0.11 0.678 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Midstream of of Meihua 2016.1.16 7.70 12.7 0.11 0.695 0.001 ND ND ND ND Zhengshui Village 2016.1.17 7.69 11.1 0.08 0.607 0.001 ND ND ND ND Assessment Standard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 result exceeding

51 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

rate (%) Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Shangtang 2016.1.15 7.67 15.8 0.10 0.571 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Downstream Group of 2016.1.16 7.73 11.1 0.09 0.560 0.0008 ND ND ND ND of Zhengshui Qingmu Village 2016.1.17 7.65 8.40 0.07 0.511 0.0009 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard New Yingpo 2016.1.15 7.65 13.0 0.10 0.604 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Bridge Xidu Downstream 2016.1.16 7.68 13.5 0.10 0.593 0.001 ND ND ND ND Hydrometric of Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.60 9.60 0.08 0.541 0.001 Station ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water 5.5～8.5 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 (GB5084-2005) Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 surface water (GB3838-2002)

52 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Continued Table 2-8 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Hengyang County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitori Hexava Monitoring Total ng point Name Ammonia Cadmiu lent date pH COD phospho Arsenic Lead Mercury location cr nitrogen m chromi rus um Upstream of 2016.1.15 7.57 16.6 0.13 1.04 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Doupo Village Downstrea 2016.1.16 7.61 14.8 0.11 1.11 0.001 ND ND ND 0.00002 Waste m of Treatment Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.54 12.6 0.11 1.03 0.0011 ND ND ND ND Plant Xidu Standard Town exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rate (%) Assessment Maximum result times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water 5.5～8.5 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 (GB5084-2005) Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 surface water (GB3838-2002)

53 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 2.4.2 Investigation and assessment of current soil environment status

⑴ Distribution of monitoring points With the aim of investigating soil heavy metal content in the Hengyang County project area, the Agricultural Bureau of Hengyang County entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor the soils in the project area. Total area of the project area: 20,585.1mu; number of monitoring points: 136; monitoring density: one per 151mu, meeting the requirement of 1 monitoring point for every 100-200 mu in the gentle area. ⑵ Time of monitoring January 15-17, 2016 ⑶ Assessment standards

Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑷ Assessment results

In accordance with the monitoring result, farmlands in the project area of Xidu Town contain excessive content of cadmium and arsenic. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.30—0.54mg/k exceeding 0.06-0.8 times of the standard value, while the arsenic content is within 6.62—45.1mg/kg exceeding 0.14-0.5 times of the standard value. Farmlands in the project area of Hongshi Town contain excessive content of cadmium, arsenic and mercury. In which, the cadmium content is within

0.30—0.83mg/kg exceeding 0.06-1.76 times of the standard value, the arsenic content is within 3.56—91.4mg/kg exceeding 0.2-2.04 times of the standard value, and the mercury content is within 0.037—1.28mg/kg which is 0.31-3.26mg/kg higher than the standard value. Farmlands in the project area of Taiyuan County contain excessive content of cadmium, arsenic and mercury. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.32—0.68mg/kg exceeding 0.06-1.26 times of the standard value, the arsenic content is within 6.36—47.7mg/kg exceeding 0.013-0.59 times of the standard value, and the mercury content is within 0.021—0.58mg/kg exceeding 0.1-0.93 times of the standard value. 54 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 2.4.3 Investigation and assessment of current status of irrigation canal sediments

⑴ Investigation object Irrigation canal sediments in project areas of Hengyang County ⑵ Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils

(GB15618-1995) ⑶ Assessment results In accordance with the monitoring result shown in the Table 2-9, the contents of some elements in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in the project area of Hengyang County exceed the standard value. In which, the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in Yutian Village in the project area of Hongshi Town exceed the standard value by 0.23 times; the cadmium content and mercury content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in the Zaozi Group of Taiping Village exceed the standard value by 0.73 times and 0.06 times respectively, while the cadmium content and mercury content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in the Tianfang Group exceed the standard value by 5.0 times and 0.18 times respectively; the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Ronghua Village exceeds the standard value by 0.03 times; the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Liaojia Group of Hongshi Village exceeds the standard value by 0.8 times, the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Gaoshang Group exceeds the standard value by 1.0 times, and the cadmium content and mercury content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Zuojia Group exceeds the standard value by 1.23 times and 0.11 times respectively. The cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in Shangtang Group of Qingmu Village in the project area of Xidu Town exceed the standard value by 0.76 times. The contents of elements in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in the project area of Taiyuan County do not exceed the standard value. 55 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 2.5 Investigation of agricultural products

⑴ Investigation object 120 rice samples are collected from the project area in Hengyang County. ⑵ Assessment standards National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (Standard values: Pb: 0.2mg/kg; inorganic As: 0.2mg/kg; total Cr: 1.0mg/kg; Hg:

0.02mg/kg; Cd: 0.2mg/kg) ⑶ Monitoring results

① Rice risk level in Xidu Town project area: medium (RⅣ); 19 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 50% of 38 points; 19 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 50% of 38 points.

② Rice risk level in Hongshi Town project area: medium (RⅣ); 39 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 86.67% of 45 points; 6 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 13.33% of 45 points.

③ Rice risk level in Taiyuan Town project area: medium (R Ⅳ ); 27 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 72.97% of 37 points; 10 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 27.03% of 37 points.

56 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 2-9 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals within the Hengyang County Project Areas Monitoring factor Organ Cation Name of Detailed address of Northern Eastern pH(dime Effective Pb As Cr Hg project point samples (village/group) latitude longitude Cd (mg/kg) nsionless ic exchange (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) state Cd ) (mg/kg) matter capacity (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Yutian Yushan 27.175203 112.261139 30.7 0.37 11.4 55 0.149 6.23 0.05 38.71 9.20 Village Group Times of ultra standard 0 0.23 0 0 0 / / / / Zaozi 27.189868 112.242335 38.8 0.52 19.5 79 0.318 5.97 0.18 38.29 20.44 Group Times of ultra 0 0.73 0 0 0.06 / / / / Taiping standard Village Tianfang 27.190234 112.241687 33.8 1.80 25.3 75 0.354 6.07 0.42 30.19 11.34 Group Times of ultra 0 5.0 0 0 0.18 / / / / Zhengshui standard River Ronghua Village 27.181664 112.264391 38.7 0.31 13.6 68 0.167 5.92 0.06 34.51 11.04 Hongshi Town Times of ultra standard 0 0.03 0 0 0 / / / / Project Area Liaojia 27.156318 112.26417 36.1 0.54 17.2 53 0.282 5.99 0.12 46.84 10.03 Group Times of ultra 0 0.8 0 0 0 / / / / standard Gaoshang 27.156221 112.263661 44.9 0.60 18.6 68 0.285 6.39 0.15 43.49 19.41 Hongshi Group Village Times of ultra 0 1.0 0 0 0 / / / / standard Zuojia 27.156083 112.262315 47.4 0.67 17.3 67 0.335 5.91 0.18 52.18 13.53 Group Times of 0 1.23 0 0 0.11 / / / /

57 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

ultra standard Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / (GB15618-1995)

Continued Table 2-9 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals within the Hengyang County Project Areas Monitoring factor Orga Name of Cation Detailed address of Northern Eastern pH(dim Effective nic project Pb Cd As Cr Hg samples (village/group) latitude longitude ensionle exchange point (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) state Cd matte ss) (mg/kg) capacity r (cmol/kg(+)) (g/kg) Qingmu Shangtan 26.981948 112.382834 47.9 0.53 15.0 69 0.279 5.95 0.20 51.20 18.42 Zhengshui Village g Group River Xidu Times of ultra standard 0 0.76 0 0 0 / / / / Town Project Area Douling Group 27.004306 112.364369 32.4 0.23 11.6 65 0.173 5.87 0.07 35.86 10.23 Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Zhengshui Changqing Village 27.031739 112.37811 29.1 0.30 6.38 58 0.080 5.91 0.04 32.37 12.92 River Taiyuan Town Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Project Area Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / (GB15618-1995)

58 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 3 Selection of Project Area and Analysis of Alternative Scheme

3.1 Current situation of agricultural producing areas

3.1.1 Current situation of farmland pollution in Hengyang County

In 2012 and 2015, 1549 point locations were collected in Hengyang County for farmland soil monitoring and high frequent monitoring. Current situation of heavey metal pollution in Hengyang County is presented at Figure 3-1. As shown in Figure 3-1, most farmlands have heavy metal pollution risks of different degrees, with the main risk factor as Cd, followed by As and Hg.

Figure 3-1 Current Situation of Heavey Metal Pollution in Hengyang County

①Current situation of farmland Cd pollution

59 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

According to the monitoring results, among all 1,549 point locations, the main scopes of soil Cd pollution concentration are 0.3-0.6mg/kg, accounting for 53.29%; the second common scope is ≤0.3 mg/kg, accounting for 42.57%; the third common scope is0.6-0.9mg/kg, accounting for 3.12%; and the last is ≥0.9mg/kg, accounting for 1.02%. Therefore, most farmland soil Cd pollution risk in Hengyang County is low; it’s necessary to take protection and control measures, alleviate soil Cd pollution, and control OOS of agricultural products. Table 3-1 Farmland Cd Pollution in Hengyang County Numb er of No Proporti Scope of Cd content point Distribution . on locatio ns Xijiang Township, Jingtoujiang Town, 1 ≤0.3 mg/kg 660 42.57% Shanqiao Town, Da’an Township etc. Taiyuan Town, Xidu Town, Jibing Town, 2 0.3-0.6mg/kg 825 53.29% Jinlan Town, Xianshan Town, Hongshi Town、 Guanshi Town, etc. Zhangmu Township, Qulan Township, Xidu 3 0.6-0.9mg/kg 48 3.12% Town, etc. 4 ≥0.9mg/kg 16 1.02% Hongshi Town, Jinxi Town, etc. 5 Subtotal 1549 100.00%

60 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Fig.3-2 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) Pollution of Soils in Hengyang County

②Current situation of farmland As pollution

In accordance with the monitoring results, the number of points with soil arsenic content ＜15mg/kg accounts for 72.95% of totally 1549 points in the whole county; the number of points with arsenic content within 15-20mg/kg accounts for 15.69% of totally

1549 points; the number of points with arsenic content within 20-30mg/kg accounts for

7.62% of totally 1549 points; and the number of points with arsenic content ≥30mg/kg accounts for 3.74% of totally 1549 points. It can be seen that the farmland soil in

Hengyang County faces a lower risk of arsenic pollution. The current status about the arsenic pollution of farmland soil in Hengyang County is detailed in the Table 3-2 and

Fig.3-3. Table 3-2 Farmland As Pollution in Hengyang County Number of Scope of As No. point Proportion Distribution content locations Major towns and townships, including 1 ＜15 1130 72.95% Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Jibing Town, Hongshi Town, Zhajiang Township Major towns and townships, including 2 15-20 243 15.69% Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Guanshi Town, Hongshi Town Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Xidu 3 20-30 118 7.62% Town, Taiyuan Town etc. Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town, 4 ＞30 58 3.74% Banshi Township etc. Subtotal 1549

61 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Fig. 3-3 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Arsenic (As) Pollution of Soils in Hengyang County

③Current Situation of farmland Hg pollution

In accordance with the monitoring results, the number of points with soil mercury content ＜0.15mg/kg accounts for 64.30% of totally 1549 points in the whole county; the number of points with mercury content within 0.15-0.3mg/kg accounts for 27.82% of totally 1549 points; the number of points with mercury content within 0.3-1.0mg/kg accounts for 7.55% of totally 1549 points; and the number of points with mercury content

≥30mg/kg accounts for 0.32% of totally 1549 points. It can be seen that the farmland soil in Hengyang County basically faces no risk of mercury pollution. The current situation about the mercury pollution of farmland soil in Hengyang County is detailed in the Table

3-3 and Fig.3-4.

Table 3-3 Farmland Hg Pollution in Hengyang County Scope of Number of No. Hg point Proportion Distribution content locations Most towns and township, including Banshi Township, 1 ＜0.15 996 64.30% Da’an Township, Goulou, Guanshi Town, Hongshi

62 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Scope of Number of No. Hg point Proportion Distribution content locations Town, Jibing Town, Jiepai, Jinlan Township, Jinxi, Jingtou, Kuzongqiao Town, Lanlong Township, Qulan Town, Sanhu Town, Shanqiao, Shishi, Taiyuan Town, Xidu Town, Xijiang Most towns and township, including Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Goulou, Guanshi Town, Hongshi Town, Jibing Town, Jiepai, Jinlan Township, Jinxi, 2 0.15-0.3 431 27.82% Jingtou, Kuzongqiao Town, Lanlong Township, Qulan Town, Sanhu Town, Shanqiao, Shishi, Taiyuan Town, Xidu Town, Xijiang Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Hongshi Town, 3 0.3-1.0 117 7.55% Jibing Town, Jiepai Town, Jinlan Town etc. 4 ＞1.0 5 0.32% Hongshi Town, Xianshan, Shishi and Jingtou Subtotal 1549

Fig. 3-4 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Mercury (H g) Pollution of Soils in Hengyang County

④ Current Situation of farmland Cr and Pb pollution

According to the monitoring results, there is no farmland Pb pollution in Hengyang

County, basically without OOS phenomenon. The number of points with chromium content

＞150mg/kg only accounts for 0.14% of total number of points, so it basically faces no risk of chromium pollution. 63 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

3.1.2 Current Situation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Agricultural Products

Through the analysis of the monitoring data about soil and agricultural products of

Hengyang County in 2013 and 2016, the result shows that, in the risk factors of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead and chromium, part of rice in Hengyang County face the risk of heavy metal pollution and its risk factor is cadmium, while the remaining factors bring no risk to rice of Hengyang County. The situation and distribution of cadmium pollution risk of the agricultural products are detailed in the Table 3-4. Table 3-4 OOS Situation of Agricultural Product Cd Pollution in Hengyang County Number of point OOS No location Proportio situation Distribution . s (point n (Cd) location ) Qulan Township, Shishi Township, Sanhu Town, Jinxi 1 ＜0.2 305 53.04% Town, Jingtou Town, Kuzong Township Xidu Town. Hongshi Town, Taiyuan Town, Jinxi Town, 2 0.2-0.4 241 41.91% Shishi Township, Goulou Township etc. Zhajiang Township, Da’an Township, Jinlan Town, 3 0.4-0.6 21 3.65% Taiyuan Town, Xijiang Township, Xianshan Township, Sanhu Town etc. 4 ＞0.6 8 1.39% Qulan Township, Jibing Town, Jinlan Town etc. 575 100.00%

3.1.3 Farmland heavy metal pollution sources and treatment effects

3.1.3.1 Main heavy metal pollution sources

1. Overview of heavy metals related enterprises

Overview of industries involving the heavy metals in the history: a large number of micro and small smelting & mining enterprises or individual workshops appeared after

1970; there were totally 198 free-discharge production points in the peak period of 2005, with annual discharge of more than 83000 tons of “three wastes”. In which, the discharge of “three wastes” by the gold mining & metallurgy, vanadium mining and smelting, manganese smelting, zinc smelting, copper smelting and plastics processing industries

64 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan caused serious pollution. The waste residues discharged by the above-mentioned enterprises and workshops locally polluted the surrounding cultivated land, and the discharged waste water entered Zhengshui River to become the irrigation water source, leading to further pollution of more farmlands.

3-5 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Pollution Sources in Hengyang County 2. Farming and Fertilization Status of Farmland The total livestocks excretion amount of the whole county is 7,800,060 tons. In accordance with the initial statistics, the total use amount is 1,672,200 tons and the total use ratio is 92.86%. The scaled farming degree of hogs is high, and individual livestock farms have no sewage treatment measures. There are 119 scaled livestock farms within

500m from the Zhengshui River in the whole county, with a total building area of 69206.48 m2. At present, 21 scaled livestock farms in the four drinking water protection site in Xidu,

65 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Taiyuan, Zhajiang and Hongshi are closed and demolished, with the closed and demolished area of 13370.1 m2. The remaining 98 scaled livestock farms have already been listed into the planned tasks and must reach the standard after treatment in 2016, and the livestock farms failing to meet the standard will be closed. The whole Hengyang County totally used 310.7 tons of herbicides, 236 tons of pesticides and 96500 tons of chemical fertilizers (including 6000 tons of calcium superphosphate) in 2014. 3. Soil parent rock

There are more than 40 types of explored ore deposits in Hengyang County, such as the kaolin, albite, potash feldspar, coal, iron, vanadium, lead, zinc, manganese, gold, beryl

(beryllium), barite, mineral water, granite and cement-producing limestone, etc. Due to the biogeochemical effects and single use of chemical fertilizers for a long period in recent 20 years, soil background value of heavy metal such as cadmium is relatively higher in the culvaited lands of the project counties. 3.1.3.2 Analysis of Pollution Sources According to related source analysis literature, existing research as well as analysis of pollution sources in Hengyang County, waste water flowing from the industry and mineral industry in the history and outward discharge of waste residues into Zhengshui river lead to the standard-exceeding of water quality in Zhengshui river and serious standard-exceeding of heavy metals contents in the sediment. Hengyang County is a typical county with many years of history of mining & mineral processing and smelting on the Xiangjiang river basin and there are hundreds of all sizes of factories and mines in the county, so there are many pollution sources. Due to the constraint of many factors in different historical development stages, such as the technical conditions, awareness level and regulation strength, etc, the heavy metals in the externally discharged waste water are deposited in the sediment of ditches and river channels, and the heavy metals in the waste gas settle in soil and water body through the atmosphere and then flow into surface water, soil and underground water through the surface runoff, so the discharged heavy metals gradually accumulate in a non-biodegradable way. Moreover, the

66 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan soil background value of heavy metals in this county is relatively higher, so this leads to standard-exceeding of heavy metals in a large area of soils. In regard to industrial source, many waste residues arising from the previous mining and smelting enterprises involving heavy metals are stacked in the open air; under the role of rainwater and leachate, the bottom layers and surrounding soils are polluted by heavy metal, and blowing dust is caused due to dry surface after long-time stockpiling and causes dust hazard to the atmospheric environment. Heavy-metal-containing dusts exhausted by smelting plants enter the surface soil layer during dry and wet deposition of smelting dusts. Waste water resulting from the smelting of nonferrous metals contains a large number of heavy metals, suspended matters and acids, etc, and the waste water containing heavy metals have been directly discharged into the Zhengshui River due to the backward processing technology, leading to pollution to water body. As most of the cultivated lands in Hengyang County use the Zhengshui River as the irrigation water source, this further pollutes the farmland and leads to the standard-exceeding of heavy metals in agricultural products. Moreover, local farmers previously directly used the sediment of Zhengshui River in their farmlands as a kind of organic fertilizer, leading to the standard-exceeding of heavy metals in the farmland soil. Taking the Xiangjiang river basin in Hunan Province as an example, the amount of the heavy metal – cadmium discharged into Xiangjiang river basin is up to 148 tons in each year. At present, most of enterprises involving the heavy metals have been closed and they will not produce new pollutants any more, but the problems left over by history have already led to standard-exceeding of heavy metals in soil and agricultural products and significant costs will be required to control and treat these problems. As the “national grain production model county”, Hengyang County has uses 6000 tons of calcium superphosphate in the past 30 years, and poor-quality calcium superphosphate and powdered rock phosphate in the phosphatic fertilizers contain cadmium and may aggravate the heavy metal pollution of farmland to a certain extent. In addition, there are 119 scaled livestock farms within 500m from the Zhengshui River in the

67 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan whole county according to the statistics result, and the discharge of wastes resulting from farming is also an important factor bringing pollution risk to the farmland. At present, environmental department has closed 21 scaled livestock farms, and the remaining 98 farms have already been listed into the treatment plan. All these remaining farms must be treated to meet the standard, and those failing to meet the standard will be closed. Therefore, the agricultural source in Hengyang County has a smaller influence on the heavy metal pollution risk of farmland.

Table 3-5 Analysis of Pollution Sources in Hengyang County

Analysis Type of Specific pollution of pollution Pollution pathway source pollution source influence Waste water resulting from the Feces of livestock livestocks farms is discharged Feces pollution Agricultu and poultry without treatment and flows into Certain ral source farmland as a kind of fertilizer. influence Chemical Nitrogen phosphorus and Agricultural inputs fertilizer potassium fertilizers are safe The waste residues discharged by the illegal mining and smelting enterprises and workshops locally polluted the surrounding cultivated land, and the discharged waste water entered Zhengshui River to become the irrigation water source, leading to Gold mining & Contaminating further pollution of more metallurgy, irrigation wate farmlands vanadium mining

and smelting, Direct discharge of industrial manganese waste water without treatment Main smelting, zinc and waste residue leachate in the pollution Industrial smelting, copper past polluted the rivers and source; source smelting and formed the polluted irrigation large plastics processing water, leading to accumulation of influence enterprises and heavy metals in farmlands. small workshops in Waste residues stored in the open the history air in the past lead to rising of discharged “three dust after wind blowing, and the wastes”. Atmospheric smelting waste gas discharged by dustfall the enterprises involving heavy metals forms the atmospheric dust fall Pollute the Sediment in irrigation channel sediment in was used in farmland as a kind of irrigation organic fertilizer in the past channel and 68 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan used as organic fertilizer

A variety of ore deposits increase Background Relatively Natural the content of heavy metals in Parent material values of heavy small source soil through the environmental metal influence effect. Increase in Cd efficiency and Soil acidification absorption Certain Others Farmland Different Cd absorption due to influence management different water content measure management 3.1.3.3 Control of pollution sources In view of serious impacts of soil heavy metal pollution problems, vigorous treatment have been implemented against the artificial pollution problems in recent years. (1) Dozens of pollution discharge production points have been closed, such as the paper mill, nitrogenous fertilizer plant, 3 small-sized waste plastics processing plants, 3 zinc oxide factories and small-sized paper mills in Hengyang County; (2) 38 livestocks farms on both banks of main stream of Xiangjiang river have been relocated; (3) 26 stong enterprises in Jingtou Town and 13 ceramic sand washing enterprises in Jiepai Town have realized the waste water recycling or discharging with standard level through the construction of pollution prevention & treatment facilities and technical innovation; (4) Implement comprehensive treatment of 39 mining & processing enterprises, 13 scaled livestocks farms and 5 plastics manufacturing enterprises. These enterprises and farms constructed pollution prevention and treatment facilities after treatment and realized the waste water recycling or “zero discharge”, so the amount of powdery dust and raised dust was comprehensively reduced and the waste materials & residues can be utilized comprehensively. This make the water quality in rivers and reservoirs improve markedly, such as the Wushui River, Yinxi River, Niuxingshan, Xiepoyan, etc. (5) Kangkang disinfection center was required to be relocated within a limit period. The treatment circumstances of main enterprises involving the heavy metal are detailed in the Table 3-6 and Fig.3-6. Table 3-6 Treatment Circumstances of Main Enterprises Involving Heavy Metal of 69 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Hengyang County in Past Years Geographical Treatment No. Name of Enterprise Location Time Remarks Jinlan Village, Jinlan 1 Jinlan Copper Wire Factory Town Closed Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Qingmu Village, Xidu 2 Products Co., Ltd Town Closed Hengang Fengyuan Non-ferrous Metal Shishi Village, Shishi 3 Co., Ltd Town Closed Illegal mining points of manganese ore in Jingyun Village, 4 Jingyun Village of Jingtou Town Jingtou Town Closed Wuma Village, Jibing 5 Hengyang Xinlian Chemicals Co., Ltd Town Closed Baoan Village, Xidu 6 Hengyang Xingheng Chemicals Co., Ltd Town Closed Baoan Village, Xidu 7 Hengyang Debang Chemicals Co., Ltd Town Closed 8 Indium smelting factory in Baoan Village Baoan Village, Xidu Closed of Hengyang County Town From 2008 Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Yingpo Village, Xidu to 2012 9 Chemical Co., Ltd Town Closed Qunxing Village, Xidu 10 Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd Town Closed Village, Xidu 11 Gengyang Paper Mill Town Closed Qingmu Village, Xidu 12 Hengyang Nitrogenous Fertilizer Plant Town Closed Hongshi Village of Hongshi Town, Tanshan Village of Sanhu Town, Qiuxia 13 Small-sized paper mills in Hengyang Village of Zhajiang Closed County Town, Qunying Village of Taiyuan Town and Fuxi Village of Taiyuan Town Guanshi Town, Illegal vanadium smelting points with Hongshi Town, Sanhu 14 indigenous method Town, Shishi Town and 2008 Closed Jibing Town

70 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Fig. 3-6 Treatment Circumstances of Main Enterprises Involving Heavy Metal of Hengyang County in Past Years

Implementation of the above-mentioned treatment measures makes the monitoring factors of main irrigation water source (Zhengshui river) in Hengyang County meet the requirements of GB5084-2005 Standards for Irrigation Water Quality. Details are shown in the Table 2-5 (November 13-15, 2015; test results of part of cross sections in the

Zhengshui river basin provided by the Hunan Yimei Hazardous Substance Testing Center).

3.2 Comparison and selection of project area

3.2.1 Principles of project area selection

1. Principle of concentration Follow the principle of concentration, unified planning, reasonable layout and implementation of whole village (area), to obtain satisfactory scale benefits. Give appropriate priority to grain-producing areas. 2. Principle of clear and controllable pollution source Causes and pollutant sources of heavy metal pollution and other pollution in the farmland soil should be clear; types and degrees of pollution should be correct; the main pollution source should be controllable or cutoff.

3. Principle of regional representativeness The main farmland type of the project area should be paddy field, the main pollution type heavy metal pollution, and the main heavy metal pollution Cd pollution. 4. Principle of typicality The project area should be typical, and the project implementation should have large investment benefits, impacts, and demonstration effects. 5. Principle of sustainability

It’s necessary to conduct infrastructure construction and adopt comprehensive agricultural measures in the project area, so as to alleviate heavy metal pollution, control 71 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan agricultural non-point source pollution, increase yield and efficiency, and realize sustainable agricultural, economic and social development in the project area. 6. Principle of stability The local government should lay large emphasis on the project; the personnel allocation should be reasonable; the project units (farmers or enterprises) should be active. 3.2.2 Selection of project towns and townships

Hengyang County contains 17 towns and 8 townships, i.e., Xidu Town, Xianshan

Town, Sanhu Town, Jingtou Town, Guanshi Town, Taiyuan Town, Qulan Town, Shanqiao

Town, Jinlan Town, Jinxi Town, Hongshi Town, Jiepai Town, Jibing Town, Zhajiang

Township, Yanpo Township, Kuzongqiao Town, Shishi Town, Da’an Township, Chang’an

Township, Lanlong Township, Goulou Township, Xijiang Township, Zhangmu Township,

Zhangshu Township, and Banshi Township. Selection of project towns and villages: see

Table 3-7.

72 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 3-7 Selection of Project Towns Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Farmland area indexes Grain indexes Emphasis area farmland scope agricultural products of town Regional location Current (located on the Proportio and village Farmla Number situation of Name of line of Zhengshui Standa n in total governmen If Proportio Polluteda nd risk Number of Main pollution source and pollution towns and river or not)/using rd-exce rice yield ts, and the select Area n in area Proporti of exceeding Rice (hectare) Zhengshui river and risk eding pollution pathway source townships (hectare samples standard of the public ed as irrigation water (hectare) territorial on type proorti yield (t) manageme (pcs) (pcs) whole participati source or not area ) on nt county on (%) willingness Illegal enterprises in the Private mining of vanadium and gold in Zhengshui the upstream of Zhengshui river as well as river basin the waste water and residues resulting have been Large emphasis; Cd from the small workshops on the two closed, and it banks of the river before 2010 polluted the can be known existing Xidu Town 15273.86 Yes/Yes 5315.33 34.80 5180.85 97.47 pollution 39 39 100.0 55932 8.94 √ Zhengshiui river, so the irrigation by using from the VIP pilot risk the Zhengshui river water led to the current projects; pollution to the farmlands on both banks monitoring active of the river in this town due to the data that the irrigation water source. water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard. Cd Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous metal Large Products Co., Ltd and several small-sized Totally Jibing Town 6862.98 No/No 2177.18 31.72 1335.92 61.36 17215 2.75 pollution ceramics factories produce and discharge closed emphasis; risk waste water and residues. active Cd Several small-sized ceramics factories in Large Shanqiao Totally 7100.67 No/No 1527.17 21.51 763.59 50 14020 2.24 the area produce and discharge waste Town pollution closed emphasis; risk water and residues. active Part of enterprises have been Cd The random mining and digging of iron Large closed, and Jingtou Town 15518.44 No/No 3478.37 22.41 948.55 27.27 22234 3.55 ore and granite in this area in the history pollution part of emphasis; led to pollution. risk enterprises active discharge at standard level Cd Large Yanpo The random mining and digging of gold in Partially 8746.58 No/No 3025.94 34.60 1815.56 60 5 5 100.0 25841 4.13 Township pollution the history lead to pollution. closed emphasis; risk active Part of enterprises Cd have been Large The random mining and digging of gold in closed, and Jinlan Town 16483.65 No/No 4082.94 24.77 2895.21 70.91 12 3 25.00 38034 6.08 pollution the history lead to pollution. part of emphasis; risk enterprises active discharge at standard level Small-sized illegal vanadium smelting Vanadium Large Cd point with indigenous method in the smelting emphasis; history produced and discharged waste points with Hongshi Town 11299.46 Yes/Yes 2924.74 25.88 2638.99 90.23 57 50 87.72 27303 4.36 √ pollution water and residues, and sewage irrigation indigenous existing risk water from the Zhengshui river also method have VIP pilot caused to pollution. been totally projects;

73 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Farmland area indexes Grain indexes Emphasis area farmland scope agricultural products of town Regional location Current (located on the Proportio and village Farmla Number situation of Name of line of Zhengshui Standa n in total governmen If Proportio Polluteda nd risk Number of Main pollution source and pollution towns and river or not)/using rd-exce rice yield ts, and the select Area n in area Proporti of exceeding Rice (hectare) Zhengshui river and risk eding pollution pathway source townships (hectare samples standard of the public ed as irrigation water (hectare) territorial on type proorti yield (t) manageme (pcs) (pcs) whole participati source or not area ) on nt county on (%) willingness closed, and active 强 the water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard.

Illegal enterprises in the Private mining of vanadium and gold in Zhengshui the upstream of Zhengshui river as well as river basin the waste water and residues resulting have been Cd from the small workshops on the two closed, and it Not large banks of the river before 2010 polluted the can be known Qulan Town 11789.71 Yes/Yes 2835.75 24.05 1531.31 54 24876 3.98 pollution Zhengshiui river, so the irrigation by using from the emphasis; risk the Zhengshui river water led to the current not active pollution of the farmlands on both banks monitoring of the river in this town due to the data that the irrigation water source. water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard. Rural clean Cd There is no enterprise which production Not large Jinxi Town 11243.08 No/No 1793.1 15.95 757.05 42.22 pollution 8 0 0.00 13466 2.15 produces heavy metal pollution; project has emphasis; risk pollution source: agricultural inputs been not active implemented Cd Paddy field pollution is related with the Not large local mining of petuntse in the open air, Totally Jiepai Town 9894.43 No/No 1328.64 13.43 569.46 42.86 11122 1.78 pollution and dust rising and leachate will be formed closed emphasis; risk after wind and rain to pollute the farmland. not active Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal upstream of Zhengshui river as well as the enterprises in waste water and residues resulting from the the small workshops on the two banks of Zhengshui the river before 2010 polluted the river basin Zhengshiui river, so the irrigation by using have been Cd the Zhengshui river water led to the closed, and it Not large Zhajiang pollution of the farmlands on both banks can be known 14044.12 Yes/Yes 4856.25 34.58 4912.86 89.53 6 0 0.00 42266 6.76 Township pollution of the river in this town due to the from the emphasis; risk irrigation water source. At present, all current not active these workshops have been closed or monitoring required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard. Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal Cd upstream of Zhengshui river as well as the enterprises in Not large Sanhu Town 11255.88 Yes/Yes 3210.9 28.53 1261.88 39.30 pollution 29607 4.73 waste water and residues resulting from the emphasis; risk the small workshops on the two banks of Zhengshui not active the river before 2010 polluted the river basin

74 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Farmland area indexes Grain indexes Emphasis area farmland scope agricultural products of town Regional location Current (located on the Proportio and village Farmla Number situation of Name of line of Zhengshui Standa n in total governmen If Proportio Polluteda nd risk Number of Main pollution source and pollution towns and river or not)/using rd-exce rice yield ts, and the select Area n in area Proporti of exceeding Rice (hectare) Zhengshui river and risk eding pollution pathway source townships (hectare samples standard of the public ed as irrigation water (hectare) territorial on type proorti yield (t) manageme (pcs) (pcs) whole participati source or not area ) on nt county on (%) willingness Zhengshiui river, so the irrigation by using have been the Zhengshui river water led to the closed, and it pollution to the farmlands on both banks can be known of the river in this town due to the from the irrigation water source. At present, all current these workshops have been closed or monitoring required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard. Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal upstream of Zhengshui river as well as the enterprises in waste water and residues resulting from the the small workshops on the two banks of Zhengshui the river before 2010 polluted the river basin Zhengshiui river, so the irrigation by using have been Large emphasis; Cd the Zhengshui river water led to the closed, and it pollution of the farmlands on both banks can be known existing Taiyuan Town 11894.59 Yes/Yes 4836.01 40.66% 3143.41 65 pollution 50 50 100.0 40762 6.51 √ of the river in this town due to the from the VIP pilot risk irrigation water source. At present, all current projects; these workshops have been closed or monitoring active required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard. Part of enterprises have been Cd There are several small-sized iron ores in Not large closed, and Guanshi Town 9074.32 No/No 2622.08 28.90 932.41 35.56 6 3 50.00 19627 3.14 the town, and the pollution source is the pollution part of emphasis; discharge of “three wastes” from iron ore. risk enterprises not active discharge at standard level Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Kuzongqiao 9973.21 No/No 2633.7 26.41 1580.22 60 1 0 0.00 23281 3.72 Town pollution produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; risk pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active d. Cd There are several small-sized iron ores in Not large Xianshan 15661.39 No/No 5099.49 32.56 4686.43 91.90 7 2 28.57 45651 7.30 the town, and the pollution source is the Closed Town pollution emphasis; risk discharge of “three wastes” from iron ore. not active Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large produces heavy metal pollution; Shishi Town 14516.32 No/No 3504.78 24.14 2453.35 70 pollution 2 1 50.00 29729 4.75 project is emphasis; pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active

d.

75 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Farmland area indexes Grain indexes Emphasis area farmland scope agricultural products of town Regional location Current (located on the Proportio and village Farmla Number situation of Name of line of Zhengshui Standa n in total governmen If Proportio Polluteda nd risk Number of Main pollution source and pollution towns and river or not)/using rd-exce rice yield ts, and the select Area n in area Proporti of exceeding Rice (hectare) Zhengshui river and risk eding pollution pathway source townships (hectare samples standard of the public ed as irrigation water (hectare) territorial on type proorti yield (t) manageme (pcs) (pcs) whole participati source or not area ) on nt county on (%) willingness Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Zhangmu produces heavy metal pollution; 9903.29 No/No 1922.34 19.41 1537.87 80 pollution 4 0 0.00 16568 2.65 project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active

d. Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Goulou produces heavy metal pollution; 12024.14 No/No 1588.38 13.21 857.73 54 pollution 11835 1.89 project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active

d. Cd Village pollution There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Lanlong produces heavy metal pollution; 5134.68 No/No 1729.29 33.68 1296.97 75 risk 8 3 37.50 15038 2.40 project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active

d. Cd Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal pollution upstream of Zhengshui river as well as the enterprises in risk waste water and residues resulting from the the small workshops on the two banks of Zhengshui the river before 2010 polluted the river basin Zhengshiui river, so the irrigation by using have been the Zhengshui river water led to the closed, and it Not large Da’an pollution of the farmlands on both banks can be known 7905.54 Yes/Yes 2452.15 31.02 1554.91 63.41 21282 3.40 Township of the river in this town due to the from the emphasis; irrigation water source. At present, all current not active these workshops have been closed or monitoring required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui river has met the standard. Cd Village pollution There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Xijiang produces heavy metal pollution; 8422.07 No/No 2485.51 29.51 1188.07 47.80 risk 6 1 16.67 17650 2.82 project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active

d. Cd Village pollution There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Chang’an 3894.51 Yes/No 1505.74 38.66 1204.59 80 5 0 0.00 12352 1.97 Township risk produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active d. Cd Paddy field pollution is related with the Not large Banshi local mining of petuntse in the open air, 2749 No/No 1097.88 39.94 953.4 86.84 pollution 14 9 64.29 10871 1.74 Closed emphasis; Township risk and dust rising and leachate will be formed after wind and rain to pollute the farmland. not active Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town are located along the Zhengshui river and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui river, and the main reason of pollution is the pollution of irrigation water due to the industrial and mining enterprises in the history. After treatment, the water quality of Zhengshui river meets the standard.

76 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Farmland area indexes Grain indexes Emphasis area farmland scope agricultural products of town Regional location Current (located on the Proportio and village Farmla Number situation of Name of line of Zhengshui Standa n in total governmen If Proportio Polluteda nd risk Number of Main pollution source and pollution towns and river or not)/using rd-exce rice yield ts, and the select Area n in area Proporti of exceeding Rice (hectare) Zhengshui river and risk eding pollution pathway source townships (hectare samples standard of the public ed as irrigation water (hectare) territorial on type proorti yield (t) manageme (pcs) (pcs) whole participati source or not area ) on nt county on (%) willingness The proportion of cultivated land area in Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town has higher than the average value 28.21% of the whole county. These three towns are the main grain production areas of the county, with the grain yield higher the average value 3.70% of the whole county. Agricultural products commonly have the standard-exceeding phenomenon after monitoring of samples. Farmlands in Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town are concentrated and continuous, and the there is a large range of polluted farmlands, so the treatment mode can be popularized easily. Therefore, after taking full account of the selection principle for the project towns, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town are selected as the project towns.

77 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

3.3 Selection of Project Area

In accordance with the project feasibility study report, the pollution type and degree of cultivated land as well as the diversity of factors such as soil PH value, organic content, soil texture, local farmers’ planting mode and commonly used cultivation varieties, 15 villages are selected from the 3 towns to be used as the pilot fields of this project after field investigation of the project towns. These fields can represent the cultivated lands in the whole county under different environmental conditions. Collect the data of these pilot fields, take different reclamation measures (single treatment of comprehensive treatment) and conduct assessment

& analysis in accordance with the monitoring results of agricultural products (rice), so as to finally realize the comprehensive management of the polluted farmlands in the whole county.

See Table 3-7.

78 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 3-7 Analysis of Project Site Selection Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Taiyuan Town Hongshi Town Xidu Town

Hongshi, Yutian, Gaolu, Qingmu, Meihua, Jiushi, Taijiu, Changqing Project village Qingjiang, Daoshan and Douling, Xianzhong, and Regional representativeness and Hengxing Village Shimen Village Shuangqiao Village

Area (hectare) 445.59 529.5 397.25

Concentrated 353.0 457.38 297.0 area (hectare) Type of main Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field farmland

Grain yield 2327 2561 3802 (tons/mu) Private mining of vanadium Private mining of vanadium 2 Private mining of vanadium and gold in the upstream of and gold in the upstream of and gold in the upstream of Zhengshui river as well as Zhengshui river as well as the Zhengshui river as well as the the waste water and residues waste water and residues waste water and residues resulting from the small resulting from the small resulting from the small workshops on the two banks workshops on the two banks workshops on the two banks of the river before 2010 of the river before 2010 of the river before 2010 Pollution source polluted the Zhengshiui polluted the Zhengshiui river, polluted the Zhengshiui river, river, so the irrigation by

Clear and controllable pollution source so the irrigation by using the so the irrigation by using the using the Zhengshui river Zhengshui river water led to Zhengshui river water led to water led tod the pollution the pollution of the farmlands the pollution to the farmlands to the farmlands on both on both banks of the river in on both banks of the river in banks of the river in this this town due to the irrigation this town due to the irrigation town due to the irrigation water source. water source. water source. After treatment, water After treatment, water After treatment, water If main quality of irrigation quality of irrigation water quality of irrigation water pollution source water originating from originating from originating from is controllable Zhengshui reaches Zhengshui reaches Zhengshui reaches

or causes new standards, and there is standards, and there is no standards, and there is no pollution to no heavy metal heavy metal pollution heavy metal pollution downstream pollution enterprise in enterprise in the project enterprise in the project farmland the project area and area and surroundings area and surroundings surroundings Tailing pond, or safety evaluation on No No No tailing pond or not

79 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Taiyuan Town Hongshi Town Xidu Town

Water quality Irrigation water is from Irrigation water is from Irrigation water is from conditions of the Zhengshui river; the Zhengshui river; the Zhengshui river; irrigation water Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of (including irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches upstream standards. standards. standards. sediment) Scope of pH 5.75-6.26 5.5-6.3 5.37-6.26 Type of heavy metal pollution value Contents of Cd pollution: 0.12-0.44; Cd pollution:0.27-1.4; Cd pollution: 0.21-0.45; main heavy some combined Cd and some combined Cd and some combined Cd and metal pollution Hg pollution As pollution As pollution factors (mg/kg) Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Content of 0.204-0.485; contents of 0.204-0.485; contents of 0.204-.485; contents of heavy metal in Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not Pb, As, Cr and Hg do Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not

rice (mg/kg) exceed the standard not exceed the standard exceed the standard values. values. values. If it is included Emphasis and participation in related local No No No planning willingness If local soil heavy metal pollution No No No

treatment is conducted Public Very active Very active Very active willingness construction investment construction Rate of no Infrastructure and and Infrastructure infrastructure 12% 12% 12% and mismatching Investment per hectare (RMB 6.3 4.74 4.34

10,000 yuan)

Conclusion It it is included in the project Yes Yes Yes area

80 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 4 Project Content

4.1 Project area overview

(1) Project area of Hongshi Town

Hongshi Town is adjacent to Sanhu Town and Changan Town in the east, Jinxi

Town and Zhajiang Town in the south, Da’an Town and Yanpo Town in the west, and

Qulan Town and Jinlan Town in the north. The project area of Hongshi Town involves

6 villages: Hongshi Village, Yutian Village, Gaolu Village, Qingjiang Village,

Daoshan Village and Shimen Village, with a total project area of 529.5 hectares. In accordance with the results of 40 testing points in the project area, the soil cadmium content is mainly within the scope of 0.3~0.6 mg/kg followed by the scope of 0.6~0.9 mg/kg, so its pollution grade brings a medium risk. All the 37 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium.

Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1980s, and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area.

There has been an illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method at the

3km location in the northeast of the project area. There is no tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. This illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method was closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County in 2008.

The enterprises involving heavy metal pollution have been closed and the waste residues have been treated. Therefore, no new pollution will be generated on the farmland of downstream.

(2) Project area of Xidu Town

81 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Xidu Town is adjacent to the Zhangshu Town in the east, Songmutang Town in the south, Xianshan Town in the west and Taiyuan Town in the north. The project area of Xidu town consists of 5 villages: Qingmu Village, Meihua Village, Douling Village,

Xianzhong Village and Shuangqiao Village, with a total area of 397.25 hectares. The soil cadmium content in the project area is mainly within 0.3~0.6mg/kg followed by

≤0.3mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the low risk level. All the 38 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium.

Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1980s, and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area.

Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been located in the southeast side of this project area, and the indium smelting factory in Baoan Village of

Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and

Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd have been located outside of the downstream 5-10km location in this area. These enterprises are those involving the discharge of heavy metals in the history. After the site verification, Hengyang Taiyuan

Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been closed during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period, and no pollution source has been left since the enterprise cleaned the facilties and raw material fields. The indium smelting factory in Baoan Village of Hengyang

County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang

Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd are located at the downstream of the project area and have a distance of 5-10km from this project area, so the influence on this project is very small. These enterprises involving heavy metals have already been closed during

2010-2015, and the waste residues have been treated.

(3) Project area of Taiyuan Town

82 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Taiyuan Town is located in the middle of Hengyang County, and it is adjacent to

Shanqiao Town in the east, Xidu Town in the south, Lanlong Town in the west and

Changan Town in the north. The project area of Taiyuan Town consists of 4 villages:

Jiushi Village, Taijiu Village, Changqing Village and Hengxing Village, with the project area of 445.59 hectares. According to the results of 40 testing points in the project area, the soil cadmium content is mainly within 0.3~0.6 mg/kg followed by

0.6~0.9 mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the low risk level. All the 37 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium.

Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1980s, and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area.

There have been two illegal vanadium smelting points with indigenous method at the upstream of the project areas, and they can be traced back to the 1980s, with annual ore processing volume less than 10,000 tons. These two illegal vanadium smelting point were closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County, and the waste residues have been treated. Therefore, no new pollution will be generated on the farmland of downstream.

4.2 Project objectives

4.2.1 Overall objective

Through the analysis on valid data of Hengyang County’s rice, endogenous and exogenous agriculture and agricultural production management etc. and in combination with the reality of the project area, the soil pollution risk evaluation, the farmland pollution source risk evaluation and the agricultural management risk

83 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan evaluation are conducted. The corresponding risk management measures are put forward according to different risk model composition. Finally, it is decided to adopt the integrated management mechanism of risk control to control the farmland risk of the project county to achieve the safety production of qualified agricultural products.

4.2.2 Specific objectives

1. Based on the scientific pollution analysis method and the valid data of rice, endogenous and exogenous agriculture and agricultural production management etc., classify the farmland pollution risks of the whole county scientifically, draw the farmland pollution risk map of the whole county and work out land management tools focusing on risk control to provide references for the project implementation and scientific decision-making. 2. Based on the analysis result of farmland pollution, identify the cause of pollution in the project area and establish the agricultural environment supervision system, the corporate emission supervision system and other supervision systems accordingly to strengthen the risk management and control on farmland pollution sources and farmland pollution. 3. On the premise of safe production of agricultural products, carry out scientific and reasonable plantation structure adjustment in the project area, develop corresponding pollution restoration measures and improve the safe utilization of agricultural resources; through training, promotion and other methods, improve the management of the project management departments and finally establish a security system for safe production of agricultural products. 4. Targeting at the sustainable development and utilization of the project and the farmland management financing based on risk control, form a sustainable financing pattern and work out an action plan for agricultural management and development based on risk control in Hunan Province and the project counties.

84 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

4.3 Construction content of the project

According to the feasibility study report on the project, echnical summary for the risk model and management & control measures in the project area is shown in the Table 4-1.

85 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 4-1 Technical Summary of risk model and management in project area

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium balance control; medium risk. Testin 2. Optimize the field water management; g 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at the 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime result low risk. Shanglin 2,250 kg/hectare/year; 0.378 6.16±0.08 30-45 loam 0.431 meets No data Safe 1.89 0.88 64.35 RⅢ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅢ 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, Area the the rice may have exogenous 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 standa (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or kg/hectare/year; management risks. rd 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is over standard. 6. Further locate the influence of variety and production management. 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice Qingmu pollution, including the atmospheric Village deposition, crop variety and cultivation 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the management; Testin high risk. 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime Xidu Town g 2. The soil cadmium pollution has no risk. 2,250 kg/hectare/year; project area result Qiaotou 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, 3. Optimize the field water management; 0.433 5.95 30-45 loam 0.36 meets No data Safe 2.165 1.2 12.87 RⅣ SⅠ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ）MⅢ the rice may have exogenous Area 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 the (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or standa management risks. kg/hectare/year; rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. over standard. 6. Manage and control the farmland pollution source and adjust the production management mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety); 7. Control over-standard rice. 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium Testin medium risk. balance control; g 2. The soil cadmium pollution has no risk. 2. Optimize the field water management; result Meihua 117.0 Meihua 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime 0.368 6.07±0.14 30-45 Clay 0.422 meets No data Safe 1.84 0.87 RⅢ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅢ Village 4 Area the rice may have exogenous 3,375 kg/hectare/year; the (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 4. Keep crop straws away from farmland. standa management risks. 5. Further locate the influence of, dry and wet rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is deposition, variety and production over standard. management.

86 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt

1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal medium risk. pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium Testin balance control; g 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at the 2. Optimize the field water management; result low risk. Liutang 3. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 0.351 6.25 30-45 Clay 0.37 meets No data Safe 1.755 0.95 12.82 RⅢ SⅠ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅢ 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, Area 1,500kg kg/hectare/year; the the rice may have exogenous 4. Keep crop straws away from farmland. standa (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 5. Further locate the influence of, dry and wet rd management risks. 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is deposition, variety and production over standard. management. 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice pollution, including the atmospheric Douling deposition, crop variety and cultivation Village 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the management; 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime Testin high risk. 2,250 kg/hectare/year; g 2. The soil cadmium pollution has no risk. 3. Optimize the field water management; result Liulaowu 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, 4.Apply commercial organic fertilizer 0.465 5.93±0.28 30-45 Clay 0.379 meets No data Safe 2.325 1.23 76.92 RⅣ SⅠ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ）MⅣ Area the rice may have exogenous 1,500kg kg/hectare/year; the (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. standa management risks. 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland. rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 7. Manage and control the farmland pollution over standard. source and adjust the production management mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety); 8. Control over-standard rice. 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium balance control; Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 2. Optimize the field water management; g 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime medium risk. Xianzho result 2,250 kg/hectare/year; Ma’an ng 0.396 6.03 30-45 loam 0.54 meets No data Safe 1.98 0.73 11.32 RⅢ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ)MⅡ 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at the 5. Apply commercial organic fertilizer Area Village the medium risk. 3,000kg kg/hectare/year; standa 3. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland. rd over standard. 7. Manage and control the farmland pollution source and adjust the production management mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety);

87 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice pollution, including the atmospheric 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the deposition, crop variety and cultivation management; high risk. Testin 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime g 2. The soil cadmium pollution at the low 2,250 kg/hectare/year; result risk. 3. Optimize the field water management; Pengtang 0.438 6.01±0.23 30-45 loam 0.464 meets No data Safe 2.19 0.94 56.6 RⅣ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ）MⅢ 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 Area the the rice may have exogenous kg/hectare/year; standa (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 5. Manage and control the farmland pollution rd management risks. source and adjust the production management 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is mode in a targeted way (including the control over standard. of high-risk variety); 6. Control over-standard rice. 7. Keep crop straws away from farmland. 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium balance control; Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 2. Optimize the field water management; g medium risk. 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime result Tongxing 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at 2,250 kg/hectare/year; 0.356 6.23±0.13 ＜30 loam 0.508 meets No data Safe 1.78 0.7 30.22 RⅢ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅡ Area medium risk. 5. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 the 3. The rice BCF is low. kg/hectare/year; standa 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 6. Manage and control the farmland pollution rd over standard. source in a targeted way, and further clarify the influence of production management; 7. Keep crop straws away from farmland. Shuang 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice qiao pollution, including the atmospheric Village 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the deposition, crop variety and cultivation management; high risk. Testin 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime g 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at low 2,250 kg/hectare/year; result risk. 3. Optimize the field water management; Qunli 0.489 6.23±0.01 ＜30 loam 0.42 meets No data Safe 2.445 1.16 15.11 RⅣ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ）MⅢ 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 4,500 Area the the rice may have exogenous kg/hectare/year; standa (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. rd management risks. 6. Manage and control the farmland pollution 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is source and adjust the production management over standard. mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety); 7. Control over-standard rice.

88 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the g low risk. 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal result 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at medium risk. pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium meets Hongshi Hongshi RⅡ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅡ） M balance control; 0.221 6.05±0.04 30-45 loam 0.592 No data Safe 1.105 0.37 127.2 3. The rice BCF is low. Except soil risks, Village the Area Ⅰ the rice may have exogenous 2.Soil acidification treatment. Apply the standa (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or alkaline compound fertilizer 600kg/hectare/quarter. rd management risks. 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is over standard. Testin g 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium low risk. result balance control; Yutian 127.1 Yutian RⅡ SⅤ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅡ） M 0.231 6.22±0.17 30-45 loam 0.751 meets No data Safe 1.155 0.31 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime Village 9 Area Ⅰ extremely high risk. the 2,250 kg/hectare/year; 3. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 3. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 1,500 standa over standard. kg/hectare/year; rd Testin g 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the Hongshi 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal low risk. Town result pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium Gaolu Gaolu RⅡ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅡ） M project area 0.219 6.07±0.18 ＜30 loam 0.533 meets No data Safe 1.095 0.41 85.36 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at high balance control; Village Area Ⅱ risk; As at low risk. the 2. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 3. The rice straw cadmium pollution is kg/hectare/year. standa over standard. rd Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal g low risk. pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium result 2. The soil cadmium pollution has no risk. balance control; Qingjia Qingjia RⅡ SⅠ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅡ） M 3. The rice BCF is medium. Except soil 2. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 ng 0.227 6.13±0.12 ＜30 loam 0.397 meets No data Safe 1.135 0.57 66.7 Area Ⅱ risks, the rice may have exogenous kg/hectare/year; Village the (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 3. Further define the impacts of dry and wet standa management risks. deposition, variety and production rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is management. over standard. Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the g 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal low risk. Daosha pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium result Daoshan RⅡ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅡ） M n 0.236 5.84±0.16 30-45 loam 0.527 No data Safe 1.18 0.45 83.12 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at balance control; meets Area Ⅱ Village medium risk; 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime the 3. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 2,250 kg/hectare/year; over standard. standa

89 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt rd

Testin g 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal low risk. result pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium Shimen Shimen RⅡ SⅤ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅡ） M 0.243 6.03±0.16 30-45 Clay 0.751 meets No data Safe 1.215 0.32 39.93 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at balance control; Village Area Ⅰ medium risk; As at low risk. the 2. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 3. The rice straw cadmium pollution is kg/hectare/year. standa over standard. rd Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the medium risk. 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal g 2. The soil cadmium and As pollution are pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium result at low risk. balance control; Jiushi Sand meets 130.0 Jiushi 3. The rice BCF is medium. Except soil 2. Apply commercial organic fertilizer1,500 0.373 6.17±0.28 30-45 0.461 No data Safe 1.865 0.81 RⅢ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅢ Village y soil the 5 Area risks, the rice may have exogenous kg/hectare/year; (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or 3. Keep crop straws away from farmland. standa management risks. 4. Further locate the influence of variety and rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is production management. over standard. 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal Taiyuan Testin pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium Town g 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the balance control; project area result medium risk. 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime meets 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at 1,800 kg/hectare/year; the medium risk; 5. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 4,500 Taijiu Sand Liaoxiwu 3. The rice BCF is low. Except soil risks, kg/hectare/year; 0.387 6.05±0.1 ＜30 0.564 standa No data Safe 1.935 0.69 96.57 RⅢ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅡ Village y soil Area the rice may have exogenous 6. For some farmlands which are badly over rd (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or standard, apply the soil passivator (the management risks. microbial agent, 1500kg/hectare, 50 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is hectares). over standard. 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland. 7. Further locate the influence of variety and production management.

90 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt Testin 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice pollution, including the atmospheric g deposition, crop variety and cultivation result 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the management; meets medium risk. 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime the 2. The soil cadmium pollution at the low 2,250 kg/hectare/year; risk. 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 standa Sand Xiuzitang RⅣ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ） M 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, kg/hectare/year; 0.404 6.09±0.03 30-45 0.472 No data Safe 2.02 0.86 32.19 y soil rd Area Ⅲ the rice may have exogenous 5. For some farmlands which are badly over (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or standard, apply the soil passivator (microbial management risks. agent, 1,500 kg/hectare). 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. over standard. 6. Manage and control the farmland pollution source and adjust the production management mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety); Testin 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal medium risk. pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium g 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at balance control; result medium risk, As pollution at low. 2. Use the cadmium and arsenic synchronous meets Wangxin 3. The rice BCF is low. Except soil risks, passivator 1500kg/hectare/season; 0.398 6.08±0.18 30-45 Clay 0.593 No data Safe 1.99 0.67 75 RⅢ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅡ the wu Area the rice may have exogenous 3. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or kg/hectare/year; standa management risks. 4. Keep crop straws away from farmland. rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 5. Further locate the influence of variety and over standard. production management. Testin 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice Changqi pollution, including the atmospheric g ng deposition, crop variety and cultivation Village result management; meets 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the 2,250 kg/hectare/year; the high risk. 3. Optimize the field water management; standa Gutang 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at high 0.412 6.12±0.19 30-45 Clay 0.679 No data Safe 2.06 0.61 30 RⅣ SⅣ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ）MⅡ 5. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 Area risk; rd kg/hectare/year; 3. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland.7. over standard. Manage and control the farmland pollution source and adjust the production management mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety); 8. Control over-standard rice.

91 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Production Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) management (M) Cultiv Identifica Project Village Rice tion of Atmosp ation Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure Fertilizer Project name name (R) Organic Soil Irriga heric Var and Area pH matter textu SCd tion Straw water sedimen iety mana (g/kg) re tation geme nt Testin 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal g 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the pollution monitoring and farmland cadmium medium risk. balance control; result 2. The soil cadmium pollution is at 2. Optimize the field water management; Yanggong 0.391 6.40±0.10 30-45 loam 0.514 meets No data Safe 1.955 0.76 68.15 RⅢ SⅢ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅢ）MⅡ medium risk; 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 4,500 tai Area the 3. The rice BCF is low. kg/hectare/year; 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. standa over standard. 6. Further locate the influence of variety and rd production management. 1. Further clarify the main risk factors of rice pollution, including the atmospheric Hengxi deposition, crop variety and cultivation ng 1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the management; Village high risk. 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime Testin 2. The soil cadmium pollution at the low 2,250 kg/hectare/year; g risk. 3. Optimize the field water management, and result Dujiatai RⅣ SⅡ O （WⅠDⅢFⅠCⅣ） M 3. The rice BCF is high. Except soil risks, mainly take the flooding irrigation measures; 0.412 6.27 30-45 loam 0.43 meets No data Safe 2.06 0.96 13.63 Area Ⅲ the rice may have exogenous 4. Apply commercial organic fertilizer 3,000 the (sedimentation) risks, variety risks or kg/hectare/year; standa management risks. 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland.6. rd 4. The rice straw cadmium pollution is Manage and control the farmland pollution over standard. source and adjust the production management mode in a targeted way (including the control of high-risk variety); 7. Control over-standard rice. Note: R –cadmium content of rice; S-agricultural interior source (W-irrigation water, D-atmospheric deposition, F-fertilizer and C- straw), O-agricultural exterior source, M-production management

92 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

4.3.1 Sustainable management of farmland pollution

(1) Integrated management of farmland risks According to the analysis on the valid data of rice, endogenous and exogenous agriculture and agricultural production management etc., some targeted risk management measures are taken, including the farmland heavy metal pollution monitoring, the pollution source control, the agricultural management, the soil restoration and other measures. See

Table 4-2

Table 4-2 Risk Management Measure Table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland

Pollution in Hengyang County 1 Apply Lime

2 Soil passivator

3 Apply organic fertilizer

4 Apply alkaline compound fertilizer

5 Plant enrichment plants

6 Plant green manure and oilseed rapes

7 Irrigate with clean water

8 Remove straws

9 Replanting subsidies

93 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(2) Construction measures The farmland infrastructure in the project area is complete. However, some farmland irrigation canals are still earth canals or seriously damaged canals. They need to be renovated to meet the requirements for optimizing the field moisture manage in the project area. Refer to Table 4-3 for the specific construction measures and construction content of the farmland pollution in Hengyang County.

94 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 4-3 Construction Measures for the Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hengyang County (Canal Works) Designed Canal Fabri C20 catio Expan Concre Fabricati n Desilti sion te C20 on and Sand and Bott ng Earth Earth joint Cost Canal floor concre erection pebble erect Project cost Canal om Heig Slop and excava backfil of per Canal No. Length slab te of cushio ion (estimate) Remarks Name widt ht e Dredgi tion ling asphalt meter and coping formwor n of h ng fir side k reinf board wall orce ment m m m i m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m2 m2 m3 t Yuan Yuan

Total 8537 1155 3851 1540 1415 304 324 15380 385 23 1916043

Taiyua I 4924 597.2 3453 1381 835.2 159.2 179.6 9274 199.1 23 1212563 n Town Jiushi 1 2385 358 239 95 363 95 91 3816 119 0 442799 Village Lateral Original red brick field canal 826 0.5 0.5 0.5 124 83 33 126 33 31 1322 41 153355 186 canal 436m. -01 U-shaped canal 390m Lateral Demolition of field canal 325 0.5 0.5 0.5 49 33 13 49 13 12 520 16 60340 186 original U-shaped -02 canal Lateral Demolition of 278 0.5 0.5 0.5 42 28 11 42 11 11 445 14 51613 186 field canal original U-shaped

95 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

-03 canal

Lateral field canal 956 0.5 0.5 0.5 143 96 38 145 38 36 1530 48 177491 186 -04 Chang 2 qing 2539 239 3215 1286 473 64 89 5458 80 23 769763 Village Lateral Aqueduct (framed field canal 448 0.5 0.5 0 1452 581 109 13 1380 11 224926 502 bent 0.3-1.5m) -05 Lateral Aqueduct (framed field canal 495 0.5 0.5 0 1604 642 121 15 1525 12 248524 502 bent 0.3-1.5m) -06 Lateral field canal 197 0.5 0.5 0.5 30 20 8 30 8 7 315 10 36575 186 -07 Lateral field canal 266 0.5 0.5 0.5 40 27 11 40 11 10 426 13 49386 186 -08 Lateral field canal 165 0.5 0.5 0.5 25 17 7 25 7 6 264 8 30634 186 -09 Lateral field canal 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 32 22 9 33 9 8 344 11 39917 186 -10 Lateral field canal 365 0.5 0.5 0.5 55 37 15 55 15 14 584 18 67766 186 -11

96 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Lateral field canal 388 0.5 0.5 0.5 58 39 16 59 16 15 621 19 72036 186 -12 Xidu II 3613 558 397 159 580 145 145 6106 186 0 703481 Town Meihua 1 3613 558 397 159 580 145 145 6106 186 0 703481 Village Lateral field canal 625 0.5 0.6 0.5 94 75 30 109 25 27 1175 31 131495 210 -13 Lateral field canal 356 0.5 0.5 0.5 53 36 14 54 14 14 570 18 66095 186 -14 Lateral field canal 232 0.5 0.5 0.5 35 23 9 35 9 9 371 12 43073 186 -15 Lateral field canal 226 0.5 0.5 0.5 34 23 9 34 9 9 362 11 41959 186 -16 Lateral field canal 201 0.5 0.5 0.5 30 20 8 31 8 8 322 10 37318 186 -17 Lateral field canal 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 35 24 9 36 9 9 376 12 43630 186 -18 Lateral field canal 538 0.6 0.6 0.5 97 77 31 98 22 25 1011 32 117119 218 -19

97 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Lateral field canal 1200 0.5 0.5 0.5 180 120 48 182 48 46 1920 60 222792 186 -20

Continued Table 4-3 Construction Content table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hengyang County (sediment basin)

Construction Unit (10 thousand Amount (10 Specification and Rem No. Construction location Quantity Material property yuan) thousand yuan) model (m) arks Hongshi New Cast-in-situ 4 2 8 2×2×1.0 Hongshi Town project Village construction concrete 1 area Yutian New Cast-in-situ 2 2 4 2×2×1.0 Village construction concrete Xidu Town project Qingmu New Cast-in-situ 2 2 2 4 2×2×1.0 area Village construction concrete Taiyuan Town project Changqin New Cast-in-situ 3 3 2 6 2×2×1.0 area g Village construction concrete

Total 11 22

98 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

4.3.2 Monitoring and Management of Agricultural Environment

4.3.2.1 Construction of Early Warning System for the Monitoring of Agricultural Environment

The provincial project department is responsible for constructing the early warning platform for the monitoring of agricultural environment, and the project county should configure 1 sampling & testing vehicle, 2 dedicated terminal computers with high configuration, 1 GPS position finder, 1 digital elevation instrument, database and evaluation software development, etc, so as to establish the monitoring and early warning system for the agricultural environment. Through the continuous monitoring of factors such as soil, irrigation water, agricultural products, organic fertilizer, pesticides and chemical fertilizer, etc at the constructed field pollutants balance monitoring points, risk evaluation and monitoring & early warning can be made for the farmlands and agricultural products in the whole county, so as to prevent the area expansion and degree increase of farmland pollution and give instructions to the comprehensive management and control of heavy metal pollution of farmlands in the whole project county.

4.3.2.2 Formulate local regulations and technical standards

Hengyang County has prepared the plans and schemes such as the Ecological and

Environmental Protection Plan of Hengyang County during the “13th Five Year Plan”

Period, Implementation Scheme Against the Atmospheric Pollution in Hengyang County,

The 1st Three-year Action Plan for the Protection and Treatment of Xiangjiang River

(Zhengshui River) in Hengyang County, Working Scheme for the Specific Treatment of

Water Pollution and River Course Cleaning in Zhengshui River Basin of Hengyang County,

Quality Tracking and Early Warning Scheme for the Agricultural Products in Hengyang

County and Farmland Quality Management Method of Hengyang County, etc. In combination with the actual situation of Hengyang County, Hengyang County formulates

99 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the drafts of local regulations and technical standard and gradually establishes and improves the regulations and standards system.

1. Research and formulate the comprehensive management mechanism for the farmland pollution risk. Optimize the field management and promote the new agricultural technology for the farmlands without risk, so as to prevent and stop the occurrence of new pollutions; quickly and effectively implement the risk control for the polluted farmlands to prevent migration and transformation of risk.

2. Establish the farmland environmental system. Take full advantage of the environmental monitoring network to strengthen the construction of law enforcement system for the farmland environment protection.

3. Research and formulate the farmers’ subsidies policies. Under different farmland pollution risks, formulate the ecological compensation mechanism for effective management and control, including the economic compensation, compensation method, compensation object and management method. 4.3.3 Project ability development

4.3.3.1 Project management ability development

1. Domestic investigations: The investigation mainly includes the domestic investigation, organized by the provincial POM. The aim is to learn advanced heavy metal pollution treatment technologies and experience both at home. 6 people/month for the domestic investigation.

2. Domestic training: The domestic training includes the integrated management of farmland based on risks, agricultural environment monitoring, pollution prevention, policy implementation, purchasement and financial knowledge etc. 46 people/month in total.

3. Technical assistance: Employ the experts on related technologies to provide technical support to the project so as to guarantee the project is implemented smoothly. 30 people/month in total.

100 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.3.3.2 Project knowledge publicity and farmer trainin

1. Information dissemination: make videos and paper documents etc. to publicize and summarize the project

2. Farmer training: combine centralized training with on-site training to improve the farmers’ understanding on farmland heavy metal pollution and guarantee the effective publicity of the project-related technologies. 698 people/month in total.

4.3.3.3 Practical Subject Research

It mainly researches the influence of the rice-duck cultivation mode on the heavy metal pollution of farmlands. The rice-duck cultivation mode can reduce the application quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of farmlands, so as to realize the green prevention & control and reduce the heavy metal pollution of farmlands resulting from the agricultural exterior sources.

4.3.3.4 Draw up the action plan for farmland environmental protection

Based on the farmland heavy metal pollution treatment experience both at home and abroad, draw up the action plan for the soil environmental protection of the project county, strengthen the project ability building, improve the frontseeability of the project construction and identify the challenge and opportunity the project is facing. 4.3.4 Project management and evaluation

4.3.4.1 Project management

Project management includes purchasing the office equipment required by the project management organization, constructing the project management Mis system, conducting daily management, purchasing management, financial management, environmental safety and social security work of the project as well as strengthening cooperation between

101 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan government departments at all levels and mutual support and cooperation between enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives.

4.3.4.2 Project monitoring evaluation

Monitor and evaluate the project implementation performance indicators and results. Collect the information and data related to the project implementation. Sum up experience and lessons and organize the project seminars. Refer to the monitoring schedule for the monitoring indicator, the monitoring frequency and the implementation party.

102 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures

(ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures)

5.1 Analysis on impacts of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures

The civil engineering construction activities of the integrated management project of farmland pollution in Hengyang County mainly pertain to the field irrigation facility construction including the drainage canal and irrigation canal renovation. The project civil engineering activities impact water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment during construction.

5.1.1 Analysis on impacts on water environment during construction

Waste water during construction mainly includes construction wastewater and domestic sewage of constructors. The construction wastewater of the project is mainly the foundation pit excavation water seepage, concrete mixing wastewater, concrete curing wastewater, sand-gravel material washing wastewater, machinery wastewater with oil appearing during the small-scale civil engineering construction and the field irrigation facility construction. The waste water is in a small amount. The pollution factors of the waste water are mainly SS, petroleum and COD etc. The main pollutants of the domestic sewage are COD, BOD5 and SS. The accommodation of the project constructors is depending on the nearby village. According to the practical situation of local villages, the domestic sewage is collected in the septic-tank and is cleared regularly to be used as manure. The arbitrary discharge of construction wastewater without any treatment will cause a certain amount of pollution to soil and surface water. Especially in the rainy weather, it will have a greater influence on the surface water environment, but it will not bring heavy metal pollution. In addition, dredging of irrigation and drainage channels will disturb the sediments in

103 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan water, which will increase the SS concentration in the water and have short impacts on the downstream water environment. This kind of project should stay away from the farmland irrigation period. The reasonable construction method should be taken and the construction time should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the disturbance to the canal bed and minimize the impact on the water.

5.1.2 Analysis on impacts on ambient air during construction

The impact of the project construction has concentrated impact on ambient air. The ambient air pollution mainly comes from the construction dust. During the construction, canal excavation, dregs transportation and loading, site clean-up and field construction will produce raised dust. The construction sites of the project are dispersed and the scale of the construction site in each project area is small. Therefore, the construction dust produced is only in a small amount. Usually it only has some impacts on the constructors. After the watering and dust suppression measures are taken, its impact on the regional environment is slight.

5.1.3 Analysis on impacts on acoustic environment during construction

The noises during the construction are the noise on the construction site and the traffic noise during material transportation. ①The noise on the construction site

The noises on the construction site mainly include the mechanical equipment noise and the impact noise during material loading such as shoveling and transportation, concreting, earthrock filling as well as aggregated rock and gravel loading etc. Since the construction machinery is in mobile outdoor operation and has no sound insulation measures, it will have some impacts on the residents living around the construction site. ②The traffic noise The truck will be mainly used as the transportation vehicle during the construction.

The maximum noise intensity of a truck can reach 90dB(A). The construction sites of the project are dispersed, the work amount of each project area is small and there are not so

104 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan many transportation vehicles. Therefore, the traffic noise in the construction transportation is intermittent and short. The work amount in each project area of the project is small and dispersed, the noises produced during the construction is intermittent and short. In addition, the construction is only conducted during the daytime and the construction sites are normally over 200m away from the centralized settlement of the village. Therefore, the impact of the noises is slight. By strengthening management and taking corresponding environmental control measures, its impact can be minimized.

5.1.4 Analysis on impacts of solid wastes during construction

The solid wastes during the construction are mainly the temporarily stockpiled dregs for foundation excavation during the renovation of drainage and irrigation canals and the construction of front sedimentation basins and ecological intercepting ditches as well as the domestic wates produced by the constructors. If no preventive measures are taken to the dregs, they will affect the landscape. In rainy seasons, they will cause water and soil loss; in windy and dry weather, they will produce flying dust. If the domestic wastes are not treated in time, they will breed mosquitoes in mild temperature and cause a stink and transmit diseases, thus having adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. The construction contents of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal are the renovation and hardening of the original canals. The “grouted rubble +concrete” will be adopted for reinforcement. In-situ leveling and accommodation of earth-rock works will be implemented. The work amount of each sub-project site is not large, so the excavated dregs can be used for land levelling on site. The quantity of the constructors’ domestic wastes is small. The domestic wastes of the constructors are in a small quantity. They can be collected on the construction site and cleared and transported by the construction side. Therefore, the domestic wastes have slight impacts on the surrounding environment.

105 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

5.1.5 Analysis on impacts on ecological environment during construction

The construction contents of the project are mainly the renovation of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal and the construction of the ecological intercepting ditch, the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation basin. The drainage canal and the irrigation canal in the project are renovated from the original canals. The ecological intercepting ditch is constructed based on the original ditch. Therefore, there is almost no newly-added land use. The occupied land of the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation basin is quite small. During the construction, the construction site, the temporary dreg yard and the construction material storage need to occupy some lands temporarily, which will have great impacts on the ecological elements such as the vegetation, the soil environment, and the land utilization type etc. The land occupancy, the machinery grinding and personnel activities etc. may damage the vegetation on the earth’s surface and affect the function of the ecosystem; during the excavation and the filling, the stripping of the vegetation on the earth’s surface will cause the damage of the vegetation on the earth’s surface and meanwhile the waste soil stockpile will cause the soil erosion inevitably. Therefore, during the construction, the temporary water and soil loss will be caused. The project doesn’t have a large area of permanently occupied lands. After the construction is completed, the temporarily occupied construction land can be used for reclamation planting at any time. Therefore, the project has slight impacts on land use.

5.1.6 Analysis on mitigation measures to impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment

For the mitigation measures to impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment, please see the following appendixes:

Appendix 1 Environmental Protection Regulations of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ECOP

106 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

5.2 Analysis on surrounding pollution sources and mitigation measures

5.2.1 Investigation and analysis on surrounding pollution sources

Hengyang County is a typical county with many years of history of mining & mineral processing and smelting on the Xiangjiang river basin and there are hundreds of all sizes of factories and mines in the county, so there are many pollution sources. Due to the constraint of many factors in different historical development stages, such as the technical conditions, awareness level and regulation strength, etc, the heavy metals in the externally discharged waste water are deposited in the sediment of ditches and river channels, and the heavy metals in the waste gas settle in soil and water body through the atmosphere and then flow into surface water, soil and underground water through the surface runoff, so the discharged heavy metals gradually accumulate in a non-biodegradable way. Moreover, the soil background value of heavy metals in this county is relatively higher, so this leads to standard-exceeding of heavy metals in a large area of soils. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, Hongshi Village area in Hongshi Town uses the Zhengshui river as the irrigation water source. There was an illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method at the 3km location in the northeast of this area, and there is was tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. This anadium smelting point with indigenous method can be traced back to the 1990s, and it has an annual ore processing capacity of 8000 tons, so its scale is small. This illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method was closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County in 2008. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Therefore, the enterprise almost won’t cause new heavy metal pollution to the farmland at the downstream. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, Meihua

107 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Village area in Xidu Town uses the Zhengshui river as the irrigation water source. Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been located in the southeast side of this project area, and the indium smelting factory in Baoan Village of Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd have been located outside of the downstream 5-10km location in this area. These enterprises are those involving the discharge of heavy metals in the history. Besides these, there is no tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd founded in the early 1990s is a metal process enterprise mainly engaged in the processing of aluminium products, aluminium alloy, precision hardware, stainless steel screw rod and copper members, etc, but its business does not involve the metal smelting. This enterprise mainly produces the waste water containing the pollution factors such as cadmium, chromium and arsenic, etc, and it has discharged waste water into the Zhengshui River. After the site verification, Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been closed during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period. The enterprise cleared the plant equipment and raw material yard when closing it, without retaining pollution source in site. Baoan Village of Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd are located at the downstream of the project area and about 5-10km from this project area, so they have a very small influence on this project. These enterprises involving heavy metal have been closed during 2010-2015. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, Taijiu Village area in Taiyuan Town also uses the Zhengshui river as the irrigation water source and there have been two illegal vanadium smelting points with indigenous method at the upstream of the project areas. Besides this, there was no tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. These two points can be traced back to the 1980s, with annual ore processing volume less than 10,000 tons. Vanadium smelting with indigenous method mainly produces the waste

108 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan water and residues containing the pollution factors such as lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and vanadium, which leads to pollution to the Zhengshui River. These two illegal vanadium smelting point were closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County in 2008. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Therefore, the enterprise almost won’t cause new heavy metal pollution to the farmland at the downstream.

5.2.2 Mitigation measures

(1) Implement regular water quality monitoring of Zhengshui river to master the water quality change of Zhengshui River and guarantee that the quality farmland irrigation water in the project area meets the standard. Take emergency treatment measures if the water quality is found to exceed the standard, and use the clean irrigation water source meeting the standard. Irrigation can be made by diverting water from the upstream reservoir with qualified water quality. (2) Transform the irrigation and drainage canals to meet the requirements of the project area on the farmland irrigation water quality and quantity. (3) Government department should strengthen the monitoring and preclude the recovery of mining of the closed metal ore and mining points involving discharge of heavy metals at the upstream of Zhengshui River. (4) For excess sediments in the irrigation water, set up necessary front sedimentation basins. Under normal circumstances, the front sedimentation basin volume should meet the requirements for the irrigation water settling time of 2h. The front sedimentation basin should be managed by a specially-assigned person appointed by the PMO. The precipitated sludge should be monitored and cleared every year regularly. The precipitated sludge is the general solid waste. Therefore, the sludge can be used for road filling or filled in the downfold after it is dried; otherwise, if the precipitated sludge is the dangerous solid waste, it must be transferred and treated by the qualified enterprise according to relevant risk requirements. See Picture 5-1 for the typical front sedimentation basin.

109 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Picture 5-1 Typical Front Sedimentation Basin

5.3 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities and mitigation measures

5.3.1 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities

(1) Analysis on impacts of lime spreading

110 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

The irrigation water in the project area is faintly acid. Spreading proper amount of lime can adjust the pH value of the water. The lime amount can be chosen scientifically according to the soil pH value and the soil texture. See Table 5-4 for the specific amount of the first year. The amount of the second year can be adjusted according to the change of the soil pH value. Usually, the amount of the second year is half of that of the first year. The spreading will be stopped in the third year and the amount of the fourth year is same as that of the second year. The rest can be done in the same manner.

Table 5-1 Table of Lime Amount (Unit: kg/hectare) Soil texture/pH value ＜4.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 ＞6.5

Sandy soil 3150 2250 1800 Not applied

Loam 3600 2700 2250 Not applied

Clay 4500 3600 3375 Not applied

After the lime is applied, the heavy metal ionic concentration in the irrigation water is reduced and the pH value still meets the requirements in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). The applied lime is the joint product of quick lime (CaO content ＞ 70%) and limestone (CaO content ＞ 70%) as well as dolomite (CaO+MgO content >45%) etc. in the proportion of 1:3. The small percentage of the quick lime can effectively prevent the crops and people from being burned during the application. The soil in the project area is acidized in different levels and is faintly acid. The application of lime can reduce the acidity of the soil and improve the activity of the microorganism. Lime is the good material to neutralize acidic soil. It can boost the sedimentation of the ions such as cadmium and lead etc. in soil, restrain the activity of the heavy metals in soil and reduce the content of cadmium in rice. The application of lime can improve the soil pH value and help with the activity of microorganisms (the microorganism likes the near-neutral soil environment). The lime applied to the farmland is the joint product of dry powders. The lime is spread with the spreader and by people. During the spreading, it is unavoidable to cause lime dust pollution to local ambient air, but the scope of impacts is small and the influencing time is short. It mainly has adverse effects on the lime spreading worker and

111 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan has slight impacts on the surrounding residents. While the workers are spreading quck lime, they must be well protected. They must wear protection suits and respirator to guarantee safety. (2) Analysis on impacts of the application of soil amendment All the passivation amendment applied is the agricultural agent which is registered and allowed by the national agricultural department to be applied to the farmland. Therefore, it is guaranteed that it won’t cause new heavy metal pollution.

Currently, the passivator materials used for the passivation amendment of farmland soil heavy metal pollution both at home and abroad mainly include: (1) clay minerals; (3) material containing phosphorus; (4) silicon-calcium materials; (5) metallic oxide such as ferric oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, goethite, manganese oxide and cryptomelane etc.; (6) organic materials; (7) industrial wastes etc. In the actual application to the farmland, avoid applying the industrial waste as the passivation amendment as far as possible to prevent the new secondary pollution or the damage of the structure and physicochemical property of the soil as well as the destruction of the environment, which has unpredictable adverse effects on the long-term environmental quality of the farmland. In terms of the current using effect, after the passivation amendment of the farmland soil heavy metal pollution, the available reduction rate of the heavy metals such as Cd and Pb etc. can reach 10%~30% and the available reduction rate of Ca, Pb etc. in the crops (rice and vegetables etc.) can reach 30%~70%. In combination with the agronomic regulation measures, the remediation efficiency can reach 90%. The passivation amendment stability of Cd and Pb etc. in common soil can be more than 3 years. In addition, under many circumstances, as the amendment time is extended, the passivation amendment stability effect of heavy metals in soil becomes more obvious. The organic passivator helps restore the micro-ecological environment system in soil and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in soil so as to reduce the poison in the crops.

During the farmland soil heavy metal pollution passivation amendment, a large amount of the applied passivator may have adverse effects on the soil environment quality. After the application of the passivator, attention should be paid to the stability of the

112 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan passivator itself, the long-term stability of the heavy metals after passivation/ stabilization and the long-term impact of the passivator on the soil texture, physicochemical properties and environmental quality. In addition, conduct comprehensive tracking, monitoring and evaluation on the influence of the passivation amendment on the growth, output, and quality etc. of the crops. (3) Analysis on impacts of the application of organic fertilizer The organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters and the nutrient substances necessary to the growth of the crops. It can provide nutrients required by the growth of the crops, improve soil and the quality of the crops, increase the crop yield, boost the high and stable yield of the crops, maintain the fertility of soil, increase the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduce production costs. The full and reasonable use of the organic fertilizer can increase the crop yield; improve the fertility of the farmland, the quality of the agricultural products and the availability of the soil nutrients.

Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer and they can be categorized as follows: ①agricultural wastes, such as straws, bean pulp and cotton dregs etc.; ②excrements of livestock and poultries, such as excrements of chicken, cows, sheep and rabbit; ③industrial wastes, such as distillers’ solubles, vinegar residues, manioc wastes, sugar wastes and furfural residues etc.; ④domestic wastes like kitchen wastes etc.; ⑤municipal sludge, such as river sludge and sewer sludge etc. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer. The straws rich in heavy metals, the excrements of livestock and poultries eating fodders containing heavy metals and municipal sludge etc. may bring the heavy metal element into the organic fertilizer. Once the organic fertilizer with excess heavy metals is applied to the farmland, the content of the heavy metal element in soil may increase, which will cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the heavy metal content of the applied organic fertilizer in the project area must be lower than that in the standards of Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012). If the excrements of livestock and poultries are used as the organic fertilizer, it is required that the heavy metal content of the fodder for the livestock and poultries should meet the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001). For the excrements of livestock of the

113 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan surrounding peasant households, the PMO should strengthen supervision. If the excrements from the breeding industry are not tested or tested to be overstandard, they can’t be applied to the farmland to prevent causing new heavy metal pollution. (4) Analysis on impacts of the application of fertilizer The application of fertilizer has a great influence on the heavy metal content in soil, especially the cadmium content. The application of phosphatic fertilizer contributes most to the cadmium content in soil. Related studies indicate that if the rice field cadmium input such as rains, dust, irrigation and pesticides etc. and the cadmium output such as the surface runoff and subsurface runoff etc., and the application of phosphatic fertilizer is the main source of the rice field cadmium input. The application of the only fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus can prevent the cadmium content in the rice grains from exceeding standards in a short time, but it increases the cadmium pollution risk in soil. The fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus must be used in coordination with the amendment like lime for rice production. Therefore, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to reduce the cadmium pollution of the fertilizer to the rice field soil. When the phosphatic fertilizer is used with the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to guarantee soil environment and food safety. (5) Analysis on impacts of the application of pesticides The scientific and comprehensive pest control technology is widely applied in the project area.

According to the data provided by Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture, the pesticides application frequency of Hengyang County is 3 times/quarter. In 2015, Hengyang County used 344.68t chemical pesticides and 32t biopesticides. The amount of the biopesticides took up 9.3% of the total amount of the pesticides. Through the on-the-spot investigation and the verification of Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture, it is discovered that all the pesticides applied to the farmland in Hengyang County are the qualified pesticides which meet the national standards. These pesticides won’t cause the heavy metal pollution to the farmland. During the project implementation, the selection

114 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan and application of the pesticides will be guided and supervised by the agricultural departments of Hengyang County, enabling the pesticides to be used scientifically and reasonably in the project area. During the project implementation, the high-performance sprayer in low volume will be promoted. The Plant Protective Station of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province has verified that the high-performance sprayer in low volume will increase the effective utilization ratio of pesticides from 30% to over 60%, thus making the application amount of the pesticides 50% less than before and the application amount of the herbicides 40% less than before. It reduces the pesticide residues in water and the widespread pollution. Also, it helps improve the water quality of the lakes, reservoirs and rivers in the project area. Mitigation measures to pesticides application impacts ①Train the farmers and the chemicals retailers about the possible impacts of the specific chemicals on the environment and recommend better sprayers and methods; ② Cooperate with the town government and the department of agricultural technologies in the project area to standardize, supervise and monitor the pesticides spraying so as to guarantee the water source is clean; ③ Recommend the safe sprayers certified by the national quality inspection institutions; ④Select the highly efficient, low-toxicity and less-persistent pesticides;

⑤Publicize the biological control measures and minimize the amount of the chemical pesticides; adopt a series of nuisanceless measures (agricultural, physical, biological and low-toxicity chemicals) to guarantee the pests’ resistance to pesticides will not be improved; ⑥Control the pesticides application frequency of the Mancozeb and the Bordeaux mixture etc. containing Cu and Zn to reduce their accumulation in soil.

(6) Analysis on impacts of agricultural wastes During the project implementation, a small quantity of agricultural wastes such as the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. will appear in the

115 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan project area. If they are discarded at will and left in soil, the decomposition of soil humus and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil will be affected, resulting in damaged soil structures, low content of nutrient elements and lower water retention and fertilizer maintenance capacity. Therefore, the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. should be removed and recycled in time to prevent them from polluting the environment in the agricultural product production place. (7) Analysis on impacts of the adjustment of planting structure

For the areas at the extremely high cadmium pollution risk in the project area, according to the regional planting habit, the industrial base and the market requirement, adjust the planting structure of the crops and replace the original crops with the commercial crops such as sweet oranges, oilseed rapes, broomcorn, corns and flowers etc. The sweet orange is the featured commercial crop in Hengyang County, while the oilseed rape, the broomcorn, the corn and the flower are the crops with high economic benefits.

These replanted crops are all planted locally and will not have obvious impacts on the local ecological environment. (8) Analysis on impacts of the control of overstandard rice For the rice with cadmium content ＞0.2mg/kg, Hunan Dinguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd and Hunan Linglu Wine Industry Co., Ltd located in Xidu Town’s Industrial Park of Hengyang County are selected as the designated enterprises for purchasing of this rice. The rice will be used as the raw material for brewing. The cadmium in rice mainly gathers in the by-product (distillers’ solubles). The EIA suggests that this kind of distillers’ solubles should be tested and for those meeting the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001), they can be considered to be used as the fodder, otherwise they should be treated properly by taking measures like sanitary landfill. Through the above measures, the overstandard rice in the project area can be controlled and utilized and its by-product can be treated properly, which has slight impacts on the environment.

116 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

5.3.2 Mitigation measures of agricultural activities

See the below appendix for the mitigation measures of agricultural activities: Appendix 2 Agronomic Activity Environmental Protection Regulations ECOP

5.4 Analysis on impacts on social environment and mitigation measures

5.4.1 Analysis on impacts on social environment

The Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social impacts. Each implementation link are connected closely and all linked with one another. The smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Institute of Sociology, Hunan Normal University to work out the social influence evaluation report. According to the safety control policies of the World Bank, the social influence evaluation and analysis should be conducted in combination with the social evaluation work in the environmental management plan.

5.4.1.1 Positive social impacts

(1) Short-term impacts ①Through the publicity of the project, improve the production safety product awareness of the stakeholders. Through the survey, it is found that the understanding of the stakeholders in the area with mild contamination on the cause and the result of farmland heavy metal pollution is not sufficient. Through the publicity and training of the project, the project will improve the stakeholders’ awareness to the urgency of farmland heavy metal pollution treatment.

117 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

②Through the training of the project, improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products. Through the survey, it is discovered that the excess heavy metals in the agricultural product relate to the agronomic technology of the peasant households. The optimization of the agronomic technology can reduce the heavy metal pollution to the agricultural product. Therefore, through the training on the peasant households, the project can improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products.

③Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal pollution treatment will be achieved. Through the survey, it is found that the stakeholders still have many disputes over whether the treatment is needed and how to treat the pollution. Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal pollution treatment will be achieved. ④ Create favorable conditions for agricultural production by improving the infrastructure. Through the survey and the on-site interview, it is discovered by the social assessment team that the peasant households’ desire to improve local backward irrigation infrastructure is quite strong. Whenever the social assessment team arrives at a project village, most villagers will reflect that the local infrastructure is poor, especially the road and the water; there are always problems in the project area such as insufficient investment in the rural infrastructure as well as lacking effective investment and management etc. These problems seriously affect the sustainable development of agricultural production and rural areas. Through the engineerings such as clean water irrigation, canal renovation and tractor-ploughing road repairing etc., the project will create favorable conditions for agricultural production. ⑤The environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. Through the survey, it is found that the project area lacks agricultural product and soil monitoring facilities, which results in lacking of clear understanding of the related government departments and the peasant households on the heavy metal pollution level of agricultural product. Through the environmental management and the agricultural environment

118 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan monitoring, the project will provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. ⑥ The risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the product competitiveness are improved by cultivating agricultural cooperatives. The long-time backwardness of the project area enables many peasant households to realize continuously that their scattered situation will make them live on repeated sell of primary agricultural products which have low added value and production efficiency as well as difficulties in market integration. Most peasant households have to go through the local or non-local collector if they want to sell the agricultural products. Finally, the products will go to the company. What the peasant households get is only the price of the primary agricultural products and what they earn is the money from running around here and there. The real added value lies in the deep processing. Therefore, the peasant households gradually realize it and urgently desire to be led by the cooperatives and big peasant households to improve the market competitiveness of the product, extend the industrial chain and increase the product price. Cultivating agricultural cooperatives will help improve the risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the agricultural product competitiveness. (2) Medium and long-term impacts ①The project implementation brings obvious ecological benefits. Through the survey, it is discovered that the ecological environment in the project area is damaged by the heavy metal pollution in different levels. The following measures are taken to the ecological environment protection of the project area: (1) source control. The joint management departments led by the agricultural departments are established in various regions to urge the related department to manage the industrial and mining enterprises at the upstream and control the source of pollution. (2) Dynamic monitoring. Set up monitoring stations at the irrigation water source and the farmland to monitor the heavy metal pollution dynamically. (3) Soil restoration. Restore soil through the technological measures like green manure planting. These measures control the farmland heavy metal pollution to some degree, which helps improve the ecological environment. ②The project implementation brings substantial economic benefits. Through the

119 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan survey, it is found that the farmland heavy metal pollution treatment has already affected the agricultural production and the farmers’ income to some extent. The treatment measures adopted in the project bring substantial economic benefits. They are reflected in four aspects: (1) increase the sales price of the agricultural product. By taking corresponding measures, the project enables the farmland to produce qualified agricultural products, which can increase the agricultural product price. For example, in Hengyang County, some slightly polluted areas has had the treatment measure experiments like VIP etc. The cadmium content in the rice is get controlled. The price of the rice is increased to 320 yuan per hundred kg from 250 yuan per hundred kg. (2) Reduce agricultural production costs. The agricultural capital cost can be decreased by about 30% by supporting and cultivating the agricultural cooperatives. (3) Increase the land utilization efficiency. The utilization efficiency of the agricultural cooperative’s general lands is increased. By cultivating the agricultural cooperative, the land utilization efficiency can be increased. (4) Increase the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the agricultural cooperatives and establishes the monitoring facilities, which provides organizational and technical supports for agriculture industrialization and is good for increasing the added value of agricultural products. ③The project implementation brings obvious social benefits. Through the survey, it is found that there are many migrant workers in the project area. The poor peasant households specialize in the traditional agricultural business and planting patterns and are caught in the poverty circulation. In addition, the farmland heavy metal pollution treatment lacks experience for reference. The implementation of the project can effectively solve the above problems and bring obvious social benefits. They are reflected in: firstly, beneficial to the returning of the migrant workers. The implementation of the project creates jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for the migrant workers, especial for women. Through the survey, it is discovered that 70% of the staff employed in the agricultural cooperatives are women. Secondly, beneficial to shaking off poverty and becoming prosperous. Restricted by information, technologies and funds, the poor peasant households are caught in the poverty circulation. By providing the support in aspects of information, technologies and

120 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan funds, the project team is able to help them out of poverty. Thirdly, beneficial to forming the farmland pollution treatment pattern. Currently, the farmland pollution treatment is lacking the experience and the pattern for reference. The implementation of the project can find out an effective technical and management pattern in the project area, setting an example to other areas in the aspect of heavy metal pollution treatment.

5.4.1.2 Negative social impacts

(1) During the project implementation, the transformation of the agricultural production structure will be carried out and replanting may be conducted in some lands, which will affect the income of some farmers in a short period. (2) The project involves the input to increase agricultural production and may influence the yield of the agricultural products, which will affect the income of most peasant households.

(3) During the project implementation, the dust, noises and the temporary storage of wastes and dregs will have adverse impacts on the cleanliness of the project area environment provisionally and the daily life of the residents of the ethnic minorities.

5.4.1.3 Brief summary of social impacts

In general, the integrated management project of farmland pollution has positive impacts on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the awareness to the agricultural heavy metal metal pollution prevention. The main negative social impacts are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social impacts can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized.

121 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

5.4.2 Social risk precautionary measures

5.4.2.1 Social risk identification and elusion measures

Table 5-5 Social Risks in Different Categories Category Specific content Elusion tactics (1) Build new irrigation canals or drainage canals; Land requisition Prepare a brief resettlement action (2) Renovate irrigation canals or drainage and resettlement plan. canals; (3) Build new electric pumping stations. (1) The risk of net earning reduction; Through the consultation with the (2) Marketing and sales risks; local agricultural departments and (3) The risk of substandard food; residents, figure out a basic Economic risk (4) The risk that the subsidy standard is compensation package. Each below the peasant households’ government can adjust the package expectations; according to the practical situation. (5) The risk of reduced yields. Work out the training and subsidy (1) The risk of insufficient technical plans for the peasant households and experience of the peasant households; the cadres; Technical risk (2) The risk of lacking technical standards; Related departments work out (3) The risk of immature treatment detailed technical specifications; technologies. Conduct feasibility demonstration in detail and with discretion. Work out financial standards according to the requirements of the (1) Nonstandard financial affairs; World Bank and the relevant Management risk (2) Ineffective implementation; provisions of the state; (3) Unclear responsibilities. Work out clear duty specifications and assign responsibilities to the people. The data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the (1) Problems left over by history; start and implementation stage of the Public opinion (2) The exaggeration of the heavy metal project should be kept confidential; risk pollution; Enhance publicity to promote the (3)Improper attributions. residents’ environmental awareness. Work out the engagement and consultation principles.

122 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

5.4.2.2 Social risk control

(1) Work out the framework of the resettlement policy to ease the land requisition and resettlement risk that may exist The project implementation almost doesn’t involve involuntary resettlement. However, the project may have uncertain resettlement impacts. Therefore, according to the stipulations of the World Bank, if the project has slight impacts on the whole displaced group, or less than 200 people will be affected by the project, and the property loss is less than 10%, a brief resettlement action plan is OK. (2) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment Through the consultation with the local agricultural departments and residents, figure out a basic compensation package. Each government can adjust the package according to the practical situation. For the system change project involving a large amount of investment like replanting flowers and nursery stocks, the financial models of “mutual guarantee of peasant households+cadre’s guarantee” and “company+base+credit cooperative+peasant household” should be encouraged. For the areas without agricultural cooperatives, the agricultural cooperatives should be cultivated. For the existing agricultural cooperatives, their abilities to organize and manage should be improved through training.

(3) Strengthen technical training and specifications to ease the technical risk in treatment To ease the technical risk in treatment, firstly, the project team should strengthen the training on local farmers and women in multiple ways; secondly, the project team should work out the farmer training subsidy plan. It is suggested to provide the subsidies according to the standard of 50 yuan/day; secondly, the project team should strengthen the technical specification. The agricultural departments should work out detailed technical specifications for flooding irrigation, spreading lime, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, applying foliar fertilizer and increasing the amount of soil amendment and

123 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan work out some code requirements for replanted crops. The subsidy standard is whether it reaches relevant requirements. At last, it is suggested to purchase the lime sprayer and provide technical training to relevant people. (4) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Agricultural Department of Hunan Province +Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture+agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team; thirdly, financial standards according to the requirements of the World Bank and the relevant provisions of the state should be established, including the financial control system, the accounting system and the auditing system. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents.

(5) Strengthen publicity, training and public opinion guidance to ease the public opinion risk in treatment The control measures to the potential public opinion risk in the project area: firstly, the data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the start and implementation stage of the project should be kept confidential; secondly, enhance publicity to promote the residents’ environmental awareness; at last, work out the engagement and consultation principles. The specific measures include: ①Publicize the food safety knowledge among all the residents to enable them to understand that taking

124 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan necessary measures can effectively reduce the heavy metal pollution; ②Take relevant publicity measures to correctly lead the public opinion and prevent rumors from spreading incorrectly; ③Pay attention to wording in all the stages of the project and try to avoid labelling.

5.4.3 Farmland heavy metal pollution risk management

(1) Understand the farmland heavy metal pollution problem correctly

Since the heavy metal pollution problems are sensitive, some local governments worry that the social stability and the reputation of local agricultural products will be affected and thus they don’t dare to vigorously publicize the heavy metal pollution restoration work, which restrains the restoration from developing in depth and breadth. Agricultural departments worry that the pilot work will reduce the grain-production area, impair the grain-production capacity and affect the central finance transfer payment of the grain production counties. Farmers worry that adjusting the planting variety will bring greater market risks and affect their incomes, so they don’t want to change their planting habits. All these increase the difficulty level of restoration organization and implementation. (2) Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations Soil pollution, atmospheric pollution and water pollution are the three major environmental pollution problems in the world. However, China doesn’t have specialized laws and regulations on the soil pollution prevention. The soil pollution prevention content can only be seen in the laws and regulations on environmental pollution prevention, agricultural environment protection and natural resources conservation etc. Therefore, the fundamental law on soil pollution prevention should be worked out to establish the basic principles and systems for soil pollution prevention and define the soil pollution investigation and risk evaluation system, the soil environment function division and protection, utilization and planning systems, the soil condition monitoring, reporting and early warning systems, the soil pollution information disclosure and archives management systems, the soil pollution treatment and restoration systems, the soil pollution treatment

125 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan funding system and the soil pollution legal liability system etc. (3) Strengthen the market tolerance Currently, the government is the organization and guidance subject in the farmland soil heavy metal pollution restoration work of the project counties in Hunan Province, but the implementation of specific measures needs the wide participation of the social force and each measure needs the corresponding subject to bear. In the current stage, the situation where professional service organizations actively participate in the treatment has not been formed, the mechanism in which the government purchases services and cultivates socialized service organizations has not been established and the professional organization is still being guided and cultivated. The work intensity of lime spreading and fertilization in most areas is great. The measures which have high technical requirements like comprehensive restoration still rely on the farmer’s own efforts. The participation of the socialized organization as the subject of treatment and restoration is not deep enough. If the adjustment of the crop plantation structure relies on scattered peasant households, it is risky and unpractical. The participation of the enterprises in agriculture industrialization and the social participation are obviously insufficient. (4) Carry out industrial transformation as well as establish and improve the agricultural product production place accountability systems Take the investigation and integrated control of the farmland heavy metal pollution of the project counties in Hunan Province as an opportunity to push forward the “four” transformations and upgrading. First is to cultivate and strengthen the leading enterprise as well as improve the level of standardization, intensification and commercialization of agricultural products; second is to accelerate land transfer and improve the scaled land management level; third is to develop cooperatives and improve the systematization of the farmers; fourth is to create famous brands and improve the recognition and market competitiveness of the agricultural products. On a long view, from the height of developing circular economy and new energy, push forward the integration of biologic chains and energy chains in the restoration area to prevent the agricultural products with excess heavy metal from entering the market, thus reducing the market risk and the operation risk of the

126 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan project. Transfer heavy metals through biomass and meanwhile gain high profits from the new-type industry chain. (5) Strengthen the control of pollution sources Strengthen the monitoring and management on the source of endogenous and exogenous heavy metal pollutants. Firstly, strengthen the supervision on agricultural inputs such as seeds, germchit, fertilizer, pesticides and organic fertilizer etc., and prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the agricultural inputs. Secondly, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the farmland irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation and effectively prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation. Make sure the area of the heavy metal polluted arable land is not enlarged and the pollution level is not aggravated to guarantee the integrated control of the farmland heavy metal pollution is carried out in order. (6) Strengthen science and technology supports and technical services as well as reduce technical risks. Firstly, organize the heavy metal pollution prevention experts of the related scientific research institutions in and out of Hunan Province to establish an expert team which is responsible for the technical plan formulation, personnel training, technical guidance, database establishment, data processing software development as well as data analysis and evaluation etc. Based on the existing study, strengthen the technical standard construction, form the technical specification for zoning treatment, strengthen variety breeding of the rice with low cadmium content, deepen the research and development, assembling, integration and pilot scale demonstration of farmland heavy metal pollution restoration technologies to provide technical supports to pollution treatment. Secondly, strengthen the technical guidance on farmland heavy metal pollution investigation and integrated control and provide services in the whole process. For the investigation and the integrated control of heavy metal pollution, make a good job of the pre-production information service, the agricultural material supply, the technical training, the after-production processing and the

127 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan marketing service. In particular, strengthen the introduction, experiment and demonstration of key technologies, excellent varieties and new-type agricultural machinery, the quality and safety detection of agricultural products, the monitoring on the agricultural ecological environment and agricultural input application and other links to improve the service level in the whole agricultural production; strengthen technical guidance. Take “agricultural technician helping the whole village and uniting the peasant household” as the main form. In combination with demonstrations at selected units and technical consultation etc., provide technical guidance both in the village and in the peasant household, implement the agricultural technology service work and spread the farmland heavy metal prevention technology to achieve the localization. Thirdly, establish professional service organizations. For the key technical link of zoning prevention in the heavy metal polluted agricultural product production place, provide uniform seeds, germchits, technical specifications and passivator etc. to guarantee the treatment quality.

(7) Establish the risk evaluation archives management system The farmland heavy metal pollutant enters into the human body through the food chain and thus creates hazards. Through the analysis and evaluation with related parties, the detailed investigation and analysis is conducted on the heavy metal pollution in the farmland soil and the crops within Hunan Province. In the evaluation, the major health and safety risks are identified and the health and safety risk control measures are worked out.

128 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 6 Environmental Management Plan Management System

6.1 Setting of environmental management organization

The setting of environmental management organization of the project is detailed in Table 6-1 and Figure 6-1.

Table 6-1 Composition of environmental management system Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organization  Provide comprehensive macro guidance for implementation and coordination of relevant policies as well as solving of relevant difficulties, supervise project Provincial project joint meeting implementation, review and approve project plan, seek for supporting capital, implement inter-department coordination and help solve difficulties existing in project implementation. Take charge of overall coordination and management of the project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Check and coordinate with the work of each local environmental management department. Provincial PMO Management  Take charge of arranging survey activities of environmental experts of World organization Bank.  Summarize reports of each sub-project in different stages and submit them to World Bank for review.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis. Take charge of implementation and management of each sub-project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes: County PMO  Supervise and urge the project implementer to implement environmental management plan.  Prepare staged report of project environmental management.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis. World Bank Supervise and check implementation of environmental management plan. Supervision The governmental administration organization conducts whole-process environmental organization supervision management of project activities according to law, including approval of Environmental protection bureau environmental impact assessment report, provision of guidance, and remediation acceptance. Project implementation Implementation organization established by Take charge of project implementation and execution of environmental protection organization project implementation township measures. of each county Environmental and social Implement environmental review, consulting and technical support upon the entrustment Consulting service consultants of project environmental management organization. organization Environmental monitoring Undertake professional environmental monitoring tasks upon the entrustment of project organization environmental management organization. Framework of environmental management organization of project is shown in Figure 6-1.

129 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Figure 6-1 Framework diagram of environmental management organization of project

6.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental management system

The environmental management system adopted in “Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Hengyang County of Hunan Province with World Bank Loan” includes project management organization, supervision organization, implementation organization and consulting service organization. All these organizations commonly constitute a complete environmental management system of the project. However, each of them undertakes different work contents and has different scopes of responsibility. The project is launched under the organizing and leadership of provincial PMO and each project county (municipal) government to ensure the compliance of project construction with requirements stipulated by China

130 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

and the World Bank concerning work procedure and pollution prevention and control measures. Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization in this project are shown in Table 6-2 below. Table 6-2 Responsibilities of each organization in environmental management system Name of Type of Personnel Responsibilities of the organization organization organization allocation 1. Carry out whole-process environmental supervision management of this project ① Environmental according to law, including approval of Protection Bureau Supervision project environmental impact assessment 1 person of Hengyang organization report (including environmental assessment County work of sub-projects), and environmental supervision management in stages such as project construction and operation. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of Environmental Management Plan; 2. Supervise and urge the coordination and implementation of domestic environmental management requirements and environmental management requirements of ② Provincial World Bank; project joint Management 2~3 3. Submit relevant reports to World Bank every meeting and organization persons half a year; provincial PMO 4. Check environmental management work of PMO in each level; 5. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems; 6. Entrust hired experimental expert group to check the project. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of sub-project environmental management rules and regulations; 2. Organize the preparation of approval application of domestic environmental ③ PMO of Management 1-2 impact assessment documents; Hengyang County organization persons 3. Urge the project design to meet environmental impact assessment requirements; 4. Include environmental protection measures in this environmental management plan in

131 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

project construction ; 5. Hire, supervise and coordinate with project supervisor (qualification, responsibilities and management); 6. Organize the implementation of environmental management training plan; 7. Properly keep records on complaints during project construction and operation process, sort such records, answer handling results to the public and solve the problems complained by the public; 8. Submit reports (statements) to provincial PMO every quarter; 9. Accept the inspection of environmental work (including project inspection of World Bank) 1. The World Bank assigns an inspectorate every year to conduct special inspection of project implementation; Supervision 1~2 ④World Bank 2. Check execution conditions of loan organization persons agreement of this project and implementation conditions of Environmental Management Plan. ⑤ Provision of construction Environmental 1. Carry out on-the-spot survey of each project project impact and conduct environmental assessment; environmental 3 persons assessment 2. Take charge of compiling contents of impact assessment organization Environmental Management Plan. qualification certificate 1. Carry out site inspection of construction site and contractor and assist provincial PMO in checking environmental protection work of project points; ⑥ Environmental Consulting 2. Guide environmental impact assessment unit and social service 2 persons and implementation unit to properly design consultants organization and implement environmental protection measures, submit a draft report to provincial PMO and put forward suggestions and opinions on implementation of environmental protection. ⑦ Environmental Consulting 1. Carry out environmental monitoring in monitoring service 1-2 project construction period and operation organization organization period according to Environmental

132 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Monitoring Plan, keep such conditions in the archives and report to each county (municipal) PMO. 1. Formulate each environmental protection measure in construction period; 2. Accept supervision and inspection from World Bank and environmental protection ⑨ Civil departments at all levels regarding engineering environmental protection; subcontractor and 3. Establish a feedback mechanism and implementation Implementation Several complete rectification within 3 working days organization and organization after receiving notice of rectification planting (rectification shall be completed within 10 households in each working days if management organization is project point demanded to coordinate); 4. Complete construction checklist together before construction and submit it to county (district) PMO.

6.3 Environmental management tasks in each project stage

Project environmental management involves different work contents in different project implementation stages as shown in Figure 6-2. The most important task of environmental management plan is to ensure that each environmental protection measure put forward is practically and effectively implemented, including: ① Include environmental protection measures in

environmental management plan into project design and construction contract; ② Implementation of environmental protection measures by the construction unit during

construction period; ③Project acceptance, supervision and management of project operation period, mechanism of environmental management plan inspection, reporting mechanism and filing mechanism. The timeliness of work is reflected through inspection of daily work.

133 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

6.4 Public appeal and Feedback mechanism

6.4.1 Public appeal

During environmental impact assessment of the project, approaches including convening of symposium and granting of questionnaire are adopted to collect residents’ opinions. The public may express their opinions through symposium or fill out questionnaires granted by the assessment unit to express their opinions. They may initiatively ask for questionnaires to express their opinions or put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to development organization or assessment unit; also, they may state their opinions through Environmental Protection Bureau and Complaint Letter and Request Handling Office of Hengyang County. During project construction or operation period, the public may put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to construction unit or development organization; also, they may state their opinions through environmental protection bureau and complaint letter and request handling office of each project county (city). After receiving environmental protection complaint or rectification notice from administrative department, the environmental impact assessment unit, construction unit or development organization shall immediately join hands with relevant departments including design department to organize visit and investigation, carry out rectification based on actual circumstances, and publicize the rectification scheme to solve disputes involving environmental protection.

6.4.2 Feedback mechanism

Mitigation measures in environmental management plan will be adjusted in a well-targeted way according to environmental monitoring report and regulatory inspection so as to further improve environmental management activities. If major deviations from contents in environmental management plan are found

134 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan out during inspection, or project change results in huge adverse environmental impact, or the number of people under adverse environmental impact significantly increases, PMO will immediately consult with environmental organization and environmental assessment team established by World Bank to conduct extra environmental assessment. Extra public consulting shall be carried out when necessary. The modified environmental management plan shall also be notified to implementation organization and contractor who shall implement the modified contents.

Figure 6-2 Environmental Management Tasks in Each Project Stage

135 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 7 Environmental Monitoring Plan

7.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring

The purpose of establishment of environmental monitoring plan is to supervise the implementation of each measure so as to adjust environmental protection action plan according to monitoring results and provide basis for implementation time and implementation scheme of environmental protection measures. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to comprehensively and timely master the pollution trends of proposed project, get to know the degree of change of local environmental quality due to project construction, scope of influence and environmental quality trends during project operation, and timely feedback information to the competent department so as to provide scientific basis for environmental management of the project. The environmental monitoring plan of the proposed project can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Hengyang County. The entrusted party shall have monitoring qualification and shall take charge of acquiring and analyzing monitoring data, issuing environmental analysis report, and submitting the report to the entrusting unit which shall submit duplicate to the World Bank. The responsibilities of monitoring plan organization of the project are shown in Table 7-1 below.

Table 7-1 List of Responsibilities of monitoring plan organization

Implemented item Responsible unit

Local environmental monitoring station or company with monitoring Acquisition of monitoring data qualification is entrusted.

Data analysis The monitoring unit is responsible for acquiring and analyzing data.

Preparation of environmental The monitoring unit issues an analysis report according to monitoring report data. The abovementioned monitoring plan can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Hengyang County. The entrusted environmental monitoring station shall sort and analyze monitoring data implemented, issue an environmental analysis report, and submit the report to the entrusting party which shall submit a duplicate to World Bank every quarter according to monitoring plan.

136 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan After submission of environmental analysis report, World Bank PMO of Hengyang County will uniformly manage and file the report as Management plan collected material indicating environmental impact in project implementation stage for the purpose of project completion acceptance. 7.2 Monitoring organization

The management organization is recommended to entrust local environmental monitoring station or social environmental monitoring organization with monitoring qualification to execute monitoring plan. The development organization shall sign relevant monitoring contract with the monitoring unit before project implementation. 7.3 Environmental monitoring plan

Sensitive points with relatively obvious pollution will be determined as monitoring points according to predicted results of environmental impact. Based on pollution conditions during project implementation period, relatively significantly affected irrigation surface water body, soil, agricultural products, and organic fertilizers and pesticide applied are selected as monitoring contents. The monitoring factors are determined according to characterization factors of the project. Monitoring analysis method of relevant project of the state is adopted. National standards determined during environmental impact assessment are executed as assessment standards. Project monitoring contents are determined according to characteristics of project and environment. See Table 7-2 for details.

1. Monitoring of irrigation surface water body (1).Point arranging principle Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up in river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area, main irrigation water inlets of main canals/branch canals and small reservoir in each key reservoir level by level. Irrigation water drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. (2).Monitoring time and frequency Monitoring year: the first and third year upon implementation of project.

137 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Monitoring frequency: 4 times within a year (March, May, July and September in case of double cropping rice). (3).Surface water monitoring factors

6+ pH, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr , CODCr, NH3-N and TP (once only). 2. Monitoring of sediment from water sources for irrigation (1). Monitoring site

Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points from water sources for field irrigation matching sampling points for monitoring of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of sediment. (2). Monitoring time Once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). (3). Monitoring factors

pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. (3) Monitoring of sediment in sedimentation basin (1).Monitoring point position One sample is acquired for each sedimentation basin using quartering method. (2).Monitoring time Once every year

(3).Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 4. Arrangement of soil monitoring points (1)Point arranging principle Typical patches on flat ground with naturally good soil conditions and relatively stable combination of elements and covering an area of 2 mu or so shall be selected from the grids as sampling patches for monitoring points with the grid method and in line with the data demand of one point per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas. Sampling patches shall neither be located near residences, ditches, dunghills, scrap heaps and grave mounds nor be located at sloping fields, marsh lands and other spots

138 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan featuring supporting landscape. Moreover, sampling patches shall be situated far away from highways or railways beyond 50m, though no polluted sites shall be avoided or approached intentionally. (2). Monitoring project and frequency A. Monitoring of soil in the entire project area ① pH and available Cd: Once every year

② Total Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr: Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). ③ Organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC): Once only throughout implementation of project B. Monitoring of soil in the selected demonstration fields In the course of implementation, two fields are selected from the project-based county

(1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice located at high risk areas as much as possible) as the demonstration areas where soil sampling and monitoring are conducted in strict corrspondance with farm produce. ① Mornitoring factors: pH, total Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr and available Cd. ② Monitoring frequency: Twice per crop per year, namely, on an annually basis in case of Hengyang County featuring double cropping rice. 5. Heavy metal detection of agricultural products

(1).Sampling principle The sampling point of agricultural products shall be as correspondent to soil heavy metal monitoring sampling points as possible. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from every agricultural product. (2).Detection time During sampling in crop harvest period, twice per year in case of double cropping rice. (3).Monitoring factors

Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr 6. Monitoring of manure (1). Compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer

139 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected. ② Monitoring time Once in the first year. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr.

(2). Organic fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected for each batch of organic fertilizer. ② Monitoring time Each batch is monitored prior to application of organic fertilizer. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr, readily oxidized organic carbon and total carbon.

7. Monitoring of plant diseases and insect pests (1).Use of pesticide Record types of pesticide used in project area as well as pesticide application frequency and dosage. The monitoring frequency is once every year; (2).Conditions of farmland ecosystem Monitor morbidity of plant diseases and insect pests, quantity of injurious insects and quantity of natural enemies; The monitoring frequency is 4 times per year (seedling period, adult-plant period, fruiting period, and harvesting and picking period); (3).Pesticide residues of crops Detect pesticide residues of agricultural products. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from each agricultural product with monitoring frequency of 2 times per year.

8. Balance monitoring 2 typical project areas are selected in the project-based country and 3 typical fields are selected for each project area. Fields selected for balance monitoring shall not be subject to

140 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan any restoration measures in the course of implementation of project. Soil: 1 basic sample is collected for each typical field and is monitored on an annually basis with the monitoring factors of Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Vegetation: 3-5 samples each with 5-7 roots are collected from the upper part of rice fields at maturity stage. Irrigation water: 1 composite sample is collected at every time of field irrigation of incoming water and 8 samples are collected each year. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition: to be monitored for 2 consecutive years and samples are collected once every 3 months within a year with the simple method of sedimentation vat collection. Fertilizer: heavy metal contents in fertilizers applied to fields is counted based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring.

141 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 7-2 Project Environmental Monitoring Plan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Farmland irrigation water source detection points are located at river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated Monitoring year: the first land in project area, and third year upon

main irrigation water implementation of the Procedural regulations pH, Cd, Pb, inlets of main project. regarding the environment Qualified Provincial Irrigation surface As, Hg, Cr6+, canals/branch canals Monitoring frequency: 4 quality monitoring of water for 472 124,608 organization and county water COD , NH -N Cr 3 and small reservoir in times within a year agricultural use entrusted PMOs and TP (once each key reservoir (March, May, July and (NY/T396-2000) only) level by level. September in case of Irrigation water double cropping rice). drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all Twice, namely, once in the monitoring points pH, total Cd, first year and once at the Sediment from from water sources Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Pb, As, Hg, Cr end of the implementation irrigation water for field irrigation Environmental Monitoring 432 9,504 organization and county and water of project (for sources matching sampling (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs soluble Cd. implementation effect points for monitoring review). of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each

142 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) monitoring site of sediment. One sample is acquired pH, Cd, Pb, As, Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial Sediment in for each sedimentation Hg, Cr and Once every year environmental monitoring 432 28,512 organization and county sedimentation basin basin using quartering available Cd (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs method. pH and On an annually basis 100 156,000 available Cd Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the Total Cd, Pb, One point per 30-50 end of the implementation 300 156,000 As, Hg and Cr mu in mountain areas of project (for Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil and one per 50-100 implementation effect Environmental Monitoring organization and county mu in vast of flat review). (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Organic matter areas and cation exchange Once only in the first year 100 26,000 capacity (CEC) Two fields are selected: 1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice pH, total Cd, During sampling in crop Soil in located at high risk Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial As, Pb, Hg, Cr harvest period, twice per demonstration areas as much as Environmental Monitoring 418.5 125,550 organization and county and available year in case of double fields possible. One point (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd cropping rice. per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas Cd, Pb, As, Hg Product sampling Samples are collected National food safety standard: Qualified Provincial Agricultural products 352 1,098,240 and Cr points shall match during harvest period and Determination of cadmium in foods organization and county

143 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) sampling points for are monitored per crop per (GB 5009.15-2014); National food entrusted PMOs monitoring of soil year on an annually basis safety standard: Determination of heavy metals as much in case of double cropping lead in foods (GB 5009.12-2010); as possible and more rice. National food safety standard: than 5 composite Determination of total mercury and samples shall be organic-mercury in foods (GB collected for each 5009.17-2014); National food safety sample standard: Determination of chromium in foods (GB 5009.123-2014); National food safety standard: Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods (GB 5009.11-2014) Monitoring of Qualified Provincial compound fertilizer Cd, Pb, As, Hg 3 samples are Once only in the first year / 500 1,500 organization and county and and Cr collected entrusted PMOs phosphate fertilizer Cadmium content in organic fertilizer shall be limited below 1 mg/kg and the proportion of readily oxidizable organic 3 samples are carbon content in total carbon Qualified Provincial Monitoring of Cd, Pb, As, Hg collected for each Twice per year content shall not exceed 15%. 500 18,000 organization and county organic fertilizer and Cr batch of fertilizer For other restrains, refer to the entrusted PMOs standard of organic fertilizer from the Ministry of Agriculture - Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012) Types, frequency Monitoring of crops Type, frequency and National Standards for Food Monitoring of plant Qualified Provincial and dosage of and pesticide residues dosage of pesticide used, Safety - Maximum Residue diseases and insect / 30,000 organization and county pesticide; in agricultural morbidity of plant Limits for Pesticides in Food pests entrusted PMOs morbidity of products shall be diseases and insect pests, (GB2763-2014);

144 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) plant diseases made a key to each quantity of injurious and insect pests, project area with more insects and natural quantity of than five composite enemies are monitored on injurious insects samples being an annually basis. and quantity of collected for each Pesticide residues in natural enemies; farm product sample. agricultural products are output of monitored once per crop agricultural per year. products and pesticide residues 2 typical project areas 1 basic sample is collected are selected and 3 Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil: Cd, As, for each typical field and typical fields are Environmental Monitoring 300 10,800 organization and county Pb, Hg and Cr is monitored on an selected for each (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs annually basis project area. Each sample with 5-7 Vegetation: roots is collected from 3-5 samples, twice per Qualified Provincial Cd, As, Pb, Hg the upper part of rice year in case of double / 352 21,120 organization and county and Cr fields at maturity cropping rice. entrusted PMOs stage Balance Irrigation 1 composite sample is Technical Specification for monitoring water: ph, Cd, Qualified Provincial collected at every 8 samples are collected Environmental Quality Pb, As, Hg, 472 22,656 organization and county time of field irrigation each year Monitoring of Argricultural Cr6+, COD , entrusted PMOs Cr of incoming water Water Source (NY/T396-2000) NH3-N and TP Technical Specification for To be monitored for 2 Automatic Monitoring of Atmospheric Two points in total, consecutive years and Environmental Air Quality Qualified Provincial dry and wet one for each typical samples are collected once (HJ/T 193-2005) 600 9,600 organization and county deposition project area every 3 months within a Specification for Monitoring of entrusted PMOs year Environmental Air Quality (No.4 Notice of the State

145 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Environmental Protection Administration in 2007) Qualified Provincial Fertilizer Based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring / / organization and county entrusted PMOs 1,838,100 Subtotal Yuan 275,700 Sampling expense and others Yuan 2,113,800 Total monitoring expense Yuan

146 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

7.4 Monitoring report system

The monitoring unit shall submit a formal monitoring report after end of each monitoring task and submit it to relevant departments level by level as per procedure. Quarterly report and annual report shall be provided during operation period. Upon occurrence of sudden accidents, they must be immediately reported. The monitoring report procedure of this project is shown in Figure 7-2 below.

Environmental Protection Project management Department of Hunan organization Province

Environmental Protection Bureau of Environmental Protection Bureau of Environmental monitoring Herngyang City Hengyang County organization

Figure 7-1 Diagram of monitoring report procedure

147 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 8 Capacity Building

8.1 Environmental management training

8.1.1 Training purpose

The purpose of environmental management training is to ensure smooth and effective launch of environmental management work of Hengyang County, enable relevant personnel to be familiar with contents and procedures of environmental management, improve environmental management capacity of environmental management personnel and ensure effective implementation of each environmental protection measure. The main object of environmental capacity building is environmental managers. Training of environmental managers is a constituent part of technical support of the project. During the implementation of project, the training courses also train construction party and workers. Before commencement of project construction, all construction units and operation units are required to participate in mandatory environment, health and safety training.

8.1.2 Training objects

Training objects include all members of environmental management offices in each level (provincial, municipal and county-level), project owner, representatives of environmental monitoring organization, main construction party, project point implementation organization, representatives of planting households, etc..

8.1.3 Training contents

1. Mastery and application of environmental policies of World Bank and domestic environmental protection laws and regulations as well as environmental standards; 2. Environmental management model of loan project of World Bank and environmental terms in loan agreement;

148 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

3. Project environmental management plan; 4. Project environmental management provisions; 5. Responsibilities and mutual relations of environmental management personnel, environmental monitoring personnel and contractor; 6. Environmental management work report and environmental monitoring report.

8.2 Environmental management training plan and fund

The capital used for training of environmental management plan during construction period of “Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan” is tentatively listed in project budget, while training capital during operation period of this project is listed in operation and maintenance cost. Table 8-1 Table of capacity building and training plan Unit Amount No. Construction content Unit Qty price (10,000 Remark (Yuan) Yuan) Project management 1 156.00 capacity training Person/ Such work is uniformly implemented 1.1 Domestic survey 6 18000 10.80 month by provincial PMO. The training refers Person/ to domestic and foreign training mainly 1.2 Domestic training 46 12000 55.20 month about risk-based land management, monitoring of agricultural environment, and prevention of pollution, policy execution and compliance. The training objects are provincial and county-level Person/ agriculture, environmental protection 1.3 Technical assistance 30 30000 90.00 month and land and resources departments, development and reform commissions, financial departments and government officials recommended by other organizations. Project knowledge 2 449.01 publicity and training Project information disclosure and 2.1 Information spreading 30.21 publicity and granting of relevant data Person/ Farmer training in project areas 2.2 Farmer training 6000 698 418.80 month 3 Practical subject study Item 1 100.00 Formulation of soil 4 environmental Item 6 50000 30.00 protection action plan

149 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 9 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan

9.1 Information communication

The environmental management requests necessary information communication among different departments and posts of PMO, project construction unit and project implementation organization within the organization. Meanwhile, relevant information shall be notified to outside (related parties, social public, etc.). Internal information communication can be carried out by various means such as meeting and internal briefing. However, a formal meeting shall be convened once every month. All communicated information shall be recorded and archived. External information communication shall be conducted once every half a year or every year. Information communication with collaborative units shall form minutes and shall be archived.

9.2 Recording mechanism

In order to realize effective operation of environmental management system, the organization must establish a complete recording system and preserves the records involving the following aspects:

(1) Statutory and regulatory requirements; (2) Permission;

(3) Environmental factors and related environmental impacts; (4) Training; (5) Inspection, checking and maintenance activities; (6) Monitoring data; (7) Effectiveness of corrective and preventive measures;

(8) Information of related parties; (9) Audit; (10) Review

150 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Besides, it is also required to conduct necessary control over various records mentioned above, including identification, collection, cataloguing, filing, storage, management, maintenance, query, preservation term and disposal of records.

9.3 Reporting mechanism

During project implementation, project construction unit, project implementation organization, monitoring unit and PMO shall record project progress, EMP execution conditions and environmental monitoring results and timely report to relevant departments. Contents of the following six parts are mainly included: (1) The project implementation organization and project construction unit shall record project progress and EMP execution conditions in detail on a quarterly basis, timely submit the quarterly report to each PMO, and meanwhile copy the quarterly report to Environmental Protection Bureau of Hengyang County.

(2) After completing entrusted monitoring tasks, the monitoring unit shall timely submit the monitoring report to PMO and meanwhile copy it to Environmental Protection Bureau of Hengyang County. (3) PMO of Hengyang County shall timely submit project progress report to provincial PMO and meanwhile copy to Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province. The project progress report (e.g. monthly report, quarterly report and annual report) must include contents of EMP progress, e.g. execution progress and effect of EMP and especially environmental monitoring results. (4) The annual EMP execution report of the project must be completed and submitted to the World Bank before March 31 next year. EMP execution report may include the following main contents: a. Implementation conditions of training plan; b. Condition of project progress;

c. Execution conditions of environmental protection measures of the project, launching conditions of environmental monitoring and main monitoring results;

151 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

d. Check if there are public complaints. If a complaint occurs, the main contents of the complaint, solution and degree of satisfaction of the public shall be recorded; e. EMP execution plan in next year

9.4 Document management

During implementation of Environmental Management Plan, the World Bank, leading committee of the project and provincial PMO as well as county project leading team, county PMO, environmental impact assessment unit and construction unit shall manage relevant documents. The details are shown in Table 9-1 below. Table 9-1 Document management requirements of each organization Name of organization Document management ①Construction unit 1. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction every week and submit to county PMO; 2. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction and submit to county PMO upon emergency and sudden condition; 3. Complete rectification within 3 working days (within 10 working days if coordination of management organization is needed) and file documents after receiving notice of rectification. ② Unit with construction project 1. Prepare contents of Environmental Management Plan and environmental impact assessment file first draft, draft for review and approved draft. qualification certificate ③County (district) PMO 1. Properly record, sort and file complained contents during project construction and operation; 2. Record conditions reported by construction unit every quarter and submit relevant report (statement) to provincial PMO; 3. Sign for site checklist of construction unit and verify and file environmental sensitive problems; 4. Manage and file notice of rectification reported. ④ Project leading committee and 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation and filing of provincial PMO Environmental Management Plan; 2. Record conditions reported by leading team and PMO in each project point every half a year and submit relevant report to the World Bank for filing; 3. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems and record and file specific measure conditions. ⑤World Bank 1. Record and file conditions reported by provincial project leading team and PMO every half a year.

152 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Chapter 10 Process of Public Participation

10.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment

10.1.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders

10.1.1.1 Purpose of public participation

Public participation and information disclosure form a two-way communication between project owner and the public through environmental impact assessment work. They are an important constituent part of environmental impact assessment of the construction project and they are crucial for improvement of decision-making. The purposes of public participation and information disclosure include: Release project related information to project region and people paying attention to construction of this project; enable the public to get to know the main conditions, construction and operation characteristics of the project as well as major environmental problems related to the project; help assessment personnel find the problems and confirm that all major environmental problems resulting from the project are already analyzed and evaluated in environmental management plan; confirm feasibility of environmental protection measures as well as carry out and implement optimized measure schemes. Public consulting has emphasized on the importance of connection and communication between parties involved in the project and the public. It can directly reflect the public opinions and enable the decision-making department to timely spot potential problems and timely modify and perfect design scheme so as to fundamentally solve the problems complained by the public, gradually make project planning, design, environmental monitoring and management more complete and reasonable and strive to obtain optimized unification in terms of environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits.

153 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

10.1.1.2 Identification of stakeholders

According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited or damaged individuals and organizations within the project affected regions are all stakeholders of the project. According to feasibility study report, farmland pollution in project areas is administered by adopting measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation and supporting of rural cooperative. The main stakeholders involved mainly include: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal pollution administration will have an influence on land use and agricultural measures.

(2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal pollution administration will have an influence on their management and cultivation model to different extents. (3) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and water conservancy department. In this part, appeals and expectations of farmer households, agricultural cooperatives and relevant departments of the government in project areas for the project are intensively analyzed.

10.1.2 Negotiation methods and contents

According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of public negotiation and information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of

154 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental impact assessment report is completed. Besides, public participation and information disclosure will also be continuously carried out during project implementation.

10.1.2.1 Negotiation methods

Methods for public participation negotiation mainly include: (1) Convening of symposiums in project areas; (2) Visit some people in project areas; (3) Carry out public opinion census in form of questionnaire survey; (4) NGO: Forms including convening of symposium or telephone interview are adopted.

10.1.2.2 Negotiation contents

Contents of symposiums and interviews with the masses: In a symposium, construction conditions of this project as well as main contents involving environmental protection are mainly introduced to participants and participants’ ideas and suggestions on project construction and environmental protection are heard.

10.1.3 Public participation investigation

10.1.3.1 First round of public investigation activities

155 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Table 11-1 First round of public investigation activities

For Time Place Negotiation object Content m Agricu ltural Bureau Get to know the status quo of local agriculture, consult Septe Sym Competent agricultural of with the local conditions of the project. And listen to the mber posi department of Hengy 2015 um opinions of competent agricultural department on the ang Hengyang County project. Count y Relevant competent departments of Agricu Get to know basic conditions of local industrial and ltural government of mining enterprises involving heavy metal, get to know Bureau Sym Hengyang County in Novemb of water quality of Zhengshui water source, get to know posi charge of er 2015 Hengy status quo of safety of local agricultural products and um environmental ang listen to the opinions of relevant competent departments Count protection, water of the government on the project. y conservancy, security and quality supervision Organize symposium in local agricultural machinery cooperation to understand the current situation of local Sym Novemb Project agriculture and consult the circumstances of the project posi Local residents er 2015 location. Local residents express that they have similar um district experience previously and show a high positivity to the project implementation. Post ing of Novemb Project Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of ann Local residents er 2015 district government oun cem ent

On-the-spot photos of the first round of public investigation activities:

a. Symposium of relevant competent b. Symposium in agricultural machinery

156 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

departments of Hengyang County cooperation Government

c. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of government

10.1.3.2 The second round of the public survey activities

Table 11-2 Second round of public investigation activities

Negotiation Time Form Place Content object Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Xidu Town consult with the local conditions of the project. January Meihua Area, Local Symposium Local residents show that they have previous 2016 Hengyang residents related experience and show high positivity to the County project implementation. Xinpu Village, January Xidu Town, Local Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Symposium 2016 Hengyang residents consult with the local conditions of the project. County Hongshi Town January Hongshi Area, Local Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Symposium 2016 Hengyang residents consult with the local conditions of the project. County Taiyuan Town January Taijiu Area, Local Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Symposium 2016 Hengyagn residents consult with the local conditions of the project. County Carry out site survey to get to know the status quo January Local of local agriculture and get to know planting Interview Project area 2016 residents structure, irrigation facilities and application conditions of agriculture fertilizers and pesticide. January Interview Local Posting of project announcement in bulletin board Project area 2016 residents of government

157 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Negotiation Time Form Place Content object

January Interview Local Give out questionnaires to investigate the opinions Project area 2016 residents of local residents on the project.

On-the-spot photos of the second round of public investigation activities:

a. Posting of project announcement of Taijiu Village, b. Symposium of of Taijiu Village, Taiyuan Town, Taiyuan Town, Hengyang County Hengyang County

d. Symposium of of Hongshi Area, Hongshi Town, c. Symposium of Xinpu Village, Hengyang County Hengyang County

e. Posting of project announcement of Hongshi f. Posting of project announcement of Meihua Area, Hongshi Town, Hengyang County Area, Xidu Town, Hengyang County

158 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

g. farmland irrigation canal of Hongshi Area, h. farmland of Taijiu Area, Taiyuan Town, Hengyang County Hengyang County

j. farm land of Hongshi Area, Hongshi Town, i. farmland of Meihua Area, Xidu Town, Hengyang County Hengyang County

k. farmland irrigation canal of Taijiu Area, m. agricultural machinery track of Meihua Taiyuan Town, Hengyang County Area, Xidu Town, Hengyang County

159 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

10.1.3.3 Public participation questionnaire

In order to listen to the ideas and suggestions of people affected by the project on project construction and environmental protection, questionnaires are given out to relevant personnel in project areas including major agricultural planting households, individual planting households, village cadres, other farmers and enterprise employees. Applicable questionnaire shall be designed according to project characteristics. There are 55 questionnaires in total. The statistics of basic information of the respondents are shown in Table 11-3. The results of questionnaire survey are shown in Table 11-4. The statistical data in the statistical table of basic information of respondents indicates that the ratio of female respondents takes up 25% and the ratio of respondents aged 41-60 takes up 51%, thus relatively favorably representing the basic features of affected people. The questionnaires filled out by these personnel can basically reflect the actual conditions and ideas of these groups. Statistics of each question raised in the questionnaire are gathered and relevant analysis is conducted. See Table 11-4 for details.

Table 11-3 Statistical table of basic information of respondents involved in public opinion

questionnaire of environmental impact assessment Sex Age Education Junio Prima Above Senior 18~4 Above r high ry Male Male 41~60 junior high 0 60 schoo schoo college school l l Number of persons 41 14 10 28 17 1 5 24 25 (person) Ratio (%) 75 25 18 51 31 2 9 44 45

160 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 11-4 List of statistical results and analysis of public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment

No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons Yes 26 47 9% of respondents do not Heard of before 24 44 understand project Do you understand this 1 conditions, indicating that the project? No idea 5 9 publicity efforts of the project shall be reinforced. Bulletin board 33 60 60% of respondents get to TV/newspaper/network 7 13 know the project from the How do you get to bulletin board, indicating that 2 know information of Local residents 10 18 the announcement of the this project? Other approaches 5 9 project has already become effective.

What attitude do you Approve 55 100 No one disagrees on project 3 adopt towards this Disapprove 0 0 construction. project? No idea 0 0

What’s your opinion Reasonable 55 100 No one thinks that the project 4 on site selection of the Unreasonable 0 0 site selection is unreasonable. project? No idea 0 0 What kind of influence Promoting effect 55 100 of project construction Obstructing effect 0 0 No one thinks that project will be imposed on construction will obstruct 5 No influence 0 0 local economic development of local

development in your No idea 0 0 economy. opinion? Which aspect of Water environment 28 51 About half number f project construction Atmospheric 7 13 respondents think that the will be under most environment 6 project has the biggest influence of project Ecological environment 8 15 influence on water construction in your Others 12 22 environment. opinion? Reduction of agricultural 40 73 soil pollution What are the main Improvement of Most respondents think that environmental benefits farm-oriented irrigation 10 18 reduction of pollution is the 7 of this project in your quality major environmental benefit opinion? Improvement of quality of this project. and safety of agricultural 5 9 products 8 What is the biggest Improvement of income 3 5 Most respondents think that

161 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons influence on the Environmental the implementation of the 41 75 interests of yourself improvement project will improve local and local residents environment. after construction of Food safety 11 20 this project Satisfied 28 51 40% of respondents are Dissatisfied 22 40 dissatisfied with current local Are you satisfied with environmental quality, 9 status quo of local indicating relatively serious environmental quality? No idea 5 9 environmental problems in project implementation area. Water pollution 27 49 About 50% of respondents Atmospheric pollution 13 24 think that the local water What is the major pollution is the major local environmental Noise 0 0 10 problem, while the problem in your construction of this project opinion? Ecological destruction 15 27 will improve local water environment. Heavy metal pollution 42 76 Most respondents think that What is the major Pesticide pollution 4 7 heavy metal pollution is the environmental Excessive fertilizer largest land environment 2 4 11 problem existing in application problem at present, indicating cultivated land at that the construction contents present? Others 7 13 of this project are well-targeted. Agricultural soil What is the problem 25 45 pollution you want to solve most The project will effectively 12 Production technologies 15 27 in current agricultural realize this objective. Product sales 7 13 production? Others 8 15 Improved 26 47 About half number of Reduced 4 7 respondents thinks that the What change will take improvement of project will place to the yield of Unchanged 24 44 improve the yield. 13 grain crops after Safeguarding of grain yield of implementation of the No idea 1 2 farmers is the key to ensure project? smooth project implementation. What change will take Improved 50 100 The respondents think the 14 place to the quality of Reduced 0 0 implementation of the project

162 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons agricultural products will improve quality and after implementation Unchanged 0 0 safety of agricultural of the project? products. Relatively complete 16 29 Only 29% of respondents How about your Relatively simple and think that the local agriculture 24 44 opinion on local crude and water conservancy 15 agriculture and water facilities are relatively conservancy irrigation completed, indicating No irrigation facility 15 27 facilities? relatively weak local irrigation facilities. Fully mastered 26 47 Most respondents think that Do you already master Probably learned 24 44 they basically master related various related skills skills for construction and 16 for construction and maintenance of field maintenance of field Not mastered 5 9 irrigation system but there are irrigation system? still some respondents failing to master such skills. Are you willing to Yes 41 75 Most respondents are willing participate in the No 0 0 to take part in the whole whole process of process of design, project design, construction and 17 construction and implementation of field implementation if field No idea 14 25 irrigation system, indicating irrigation system is relatively high degree of designed and concern of locals for constructed locally? irrigation system. No 11 20 20% of respondents totally Have you ever 1-2 times 12 22 fail to receive agricultural participated in training 18 training. Therefore, relevant on agricultural 3-5 times 16 29 training shall be strengthened knowledge? Above 5 times 16 29 during project construction. Fully manual planting 11 20 Most respondents adopt Manual planting + planting method of manual Limited agricultural 31 56 planting + limited agricultural What is your crop machinery 19 machinery or total manual planting method? Agricultural machinery + 7 13 planting, indicating relatively Limited manual planting weak agricultural machinery Fully agricultural 6 11 construction at present. machinery Types of chemical Farm manure 8 15 Application of compound and 20 fertilizers applied by Compound fertilizer and trace fertilizers takes up 38%, 22 40 you trace fertilizer application of testing soil for

163 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons Testing soil for formulated fertilization takes 10 18 formulated fertilization up 18%, indicating that certain foundation of testing soil for formulated fertilization in local place. It Mixed fertilization 15 27 is relatively beneficiary to implementation of the project. Recommended by agricultural technical 14 25 staff About half number of Recommended by respondents selects chemical How do you choose 16 29 dealers fertilizers and pesticide based 21 chemical fertilizers Based on experience (or on experience (or and pesticide? recommended by 24 44 recommendation by neighbors) neighbors). Based on labels 1 2 (advertisements) Pesticide store 43 78 How do you acquire Most respondents purchase Direct sales from 22 chemical fertilizers 6 11 chemical fertilizers and manufacturer and pesticide? pesticide in pesticide stores. Itinerant vendor 6 11 Ask those who used chemical fertilizers 11 20 What is the basis Most respondents determine before. guiding your usage of usage of chemical fertilizers 23 Based on experience 33 60 chemical fertilizers at by learning from others or Label instructions 9 16 present? based on previous experience. Guidance by agricultural 2 4 technical staff

Based on experience 14 25 About half number of How do you determine Label instructions 12 22 respondents determines using using frequency of Guidance by agricultural frequency of chemical 24 23 42 chemical fertilizers technical staff fertilizers and pesticide and pesticide? Recommended by according to guidance of 6 11 dealers agricultural technical staff. 1-2 times 12 22 Pesticide is relatively How about the 3-4 times 24 44 frequently used in project frequency of use of 25 areas and plant diseases and pesticide in each round 5-6 times 16 29 insect pests are relatively of crop planting? Above 6 times 3 5 serious. 26 How do you spray Hand-operated sprayer 18 33 Most respondents use

164 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons pesticide? Knapsack sprayer 33 60 hand-operated and knapsack Power sprayer 4 7 sprayers. Unified prevention and 0 0 control company Publicity and education 26 47 Which work shall be Most respondents think that Training 24 44 mainly strengthened in publicity, education and Organization and the next step in order relevant training shall be 27 implementation of to ensure successful 5 9 strengthened, which is also a monitoring and implementation of the highlight in the early-stage assessment project? work of the project. Others 0 0 What are your opinions and Main opinions and suggestions: It is expected that the project can be implemented suggestions on project as soon as possible with guaranteed quality and quantity. Meanwhile, 28 construction and environmental protection work shall be properly conducted. The normal lives of environmental surrounding people shall not be affected during construction period. protection work? What are difficulties Main difficulties and hopes: It is expected that the project would have relatively and hopes during good continuity and the economic subsidy can be improved in a proper manner; 29 implementation and project publicity shall be enhanced to enable more people to get involved in the construction of the project as well as play a demonstrative role for local agricultural development project? through favorable implementation effect.

10.1.4 Information disclosure and feedback

10.1.4.1 Site announcement

Site announcement refers to posting of paper announcement in bulletin boards of township governments and village committees where the project is implemented as other densely-populated areas.

10.1.4.2 Contents of announcement

According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of

165 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental impact assessment report is completed.

Contents of announcement are shown as follows: ①Overview of construction project ②Work procedures and main contents of assessment; ③Scope of solicitation of public opinions and main matters; ④Specific solicitation of public opinions; ⑤Method and term for the public to check abridged edition of environmental management plan (Chinese version);

⑥Starting and ending dates for the public to put forward their opinions; ⑦ Contact information, including mailing addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization

10.1.5 Summarization of opinions and feedbacks of public participation

Table 11-5 Summary sheet of opinions and feedbacks of public participation

Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan

Land leveling and digestion are carried out locally upon muck 1. About control of excavation of project points; the household garbage of construction construction garbage personnel are centrally collected on the construction site and timely cleared and transported. 2. About project PMO is responsible for uniformly establishing scheme and organize implementation effect training of agricultural technical service providers and field schools.

166 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan

Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area to detect 3. About water pollution the water quality of irrigation water source during key water demand problems period of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of

irrigation water quality. Liming personnel shall properly conduct protection work and properly 4. Safety management and wear protective clothes and masks during application of quick lime to personnel’s health issues ensure safety of personnel and seedlings.

10.1.6 Public consulting and information disclosure during project implementation

After the annual detection results of agricultural products are presented during project implementation, the county will hold a public participation site investigation meeting. The basic conditions of project and detection results of agricultural products are notified to relevant farmer households and rural cooperatives. If the heavy metal content of agricultural products exceeds the standard, such agricultural products will be uniformly acquired and safely disclosed in unified accordance with subsidy policy formulated in the project implementation scheme. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions of stakeholders including farmer households and rural cooperatives in project areas are collected and relevant countermeasures or measures shall be adopted based on such opinions and suggestions. Improvement will be made in the subsequent implementation of the project.

10.1.7 Brief summary of public participation

Table 11-6 Summary sheet of public participation Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Agricultural Competent Understand the current Play a September Symposium Bureau of agricultural situation of local demonstrative role 2015 Hengyang department of agriculture, consult the for local

167 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation County Hengyang project circumstance in the agricultural County local place and listen to the development opinions of agricultural through favorable authorities about the implementation project. effect. Relevant Understand the basic competent situation of local industrial departments and mining enterprises of involving the heavy metal, government The water quality understand the water of Hengyang of Zhengshui Agricultural quality status of Zhengshui County in irrigation water September Bureau of river as the irrigation water Symposium charge of source is already 2015 Hengyang source, understand the environmental controlled and the County current safety status of local protection, project demand can agricultural products and water be satisfied. listen to the opinions of conservancy, related governmental security and department about the quality project. supervision Understand the current Play a Competent situation of local demonstrative role agricultural Agricultural agriculture, consult the for local department of January Bureau of project circumstance in the agricultural Symposium Hengyang 2016 Hengyang local place and listen to the development County and County opinions of agricultural through favorable Hunan authorities about the implementation Province project. effect. Understand the current situation of local Properly adopt agriculture, and consult the relevant measures Meihua project circumstance in the and avoid Area, Xidu January Local local place. Local residents influencing on Symposium Town, 2016 residents express that they have normal lives of Hengyang similar experience surrounding people County previously and show a high during construction positivity to the project period. implementation. Properly adopt relevant measures Xinpu Understand the current and avoid Village,Xidu situation of local January Local influencing on Symposium Town, agriculture, and consult the 2016 residents normal lives of Hengyang project circumstance in the surrounding people County local place. during construction period. Properly adopt Hongshi relevant measures Understand the current Area, and avoid situation of local January Hongshi Local influencing on Symposium agriculture, and consult the 2016 Town, residents normal lives of project circumstance in the Hengyang surrounding people local place. County during construction period.

168 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Properly adopt relevant measures Understand the current Taijiu Area, and avoid situation of local January Taiyuan Local influencing on Symposium agriculture, and consult the 2016 Town, Heng residents normal lives of project circumstance in the County surrounding people local place. during construction period. Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation water Carry out site survey to get inlet of cultivated to know the status quo of land in project area local agriculture as well as to detect the water January Project Local Interview planting structure, irrigation quality of irrigation 2016 district residents facilities and application water source during conditions of farm manure key water demand and pesticide. period of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality.

Table 11-7 Summary sheet of information disclosure Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and Meihua Area, main matters; contact information including Agricultural January Xidu Town, Posting of mailing addresses, postal codes, contact Bureau of the 2016 Hengyang announcement number, fax number, contact persons, emails, County County etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and Xinpu Village, main matters; contact information including Agricultural January Xidu Town, Posting of mailing addresses, postal codes, contact Bureau of the 2016 Hengyang announcement number, fax number, contact persons, emails, County City etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization January Hongshi Area, Posting of Overview and main contents of construction Agricultural 2016 Hongshi announcement project; scope of public participation and Bureau of the

169 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Town, main matters; contact information including County Hengyang mailing addresses, postal codes, contact County number, fax number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and Taijiu Area, main matters; contact information including Agricultural January Taiyuan Town, Posting of mailing addresses, postal codes, contact Bureau of the 2016 Heng Yang announcement number, fax number, contact persons, emails, County County etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization

Approaches such as convening of symposium, interview, granting of questionnaires and site announcement are adopted to get to know the opinions and suggestions of the public. The information collected through various approaches is utilized to enable the public in the project areas to generally get to know the conditions of this project, properly conduct environmental protection work and make the project to generate social, environment and economic benefits as early as possible.

10.2 Public participation of social impact assessment

10.2.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders

10.2.1.1 Purpose of public participation

The purposes of public participation of social assessment are to identify main stakeholders and their demands as well as opportunities and risks brought by project construction and operation to stakeholders, help the perfection of project design and implementation through formulation of action plans to avoid or mitigate social risks, and enable individuals and groups most directly influenced by the project activities to

170 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan support and effectively participate in the project activities.

10.2.1.2 Identification of stakeholders

According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited or damaged individuals and organizations within areas influenced by project are all stakeholders of the project. According to the feasibility study report, farmland pollution administration in project areas is realized through adoption of measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation, establishment of monitoring station and supporting of rural cooperatives. Main stakeholders involved include five categories: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal pollution administration will have an influence on land use and agricultural measures;

(2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal pollution administration will have an influence on their management and cultivation model to different extents; (3) Village committees in project villages: Village committees in project villages are the basic-level execution subjects of farmland pollution administration;

(4) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and ethnic religion bureau; (5) Disadvantaged groups: Mainly refer to ethnic minorities, women and impoverished household. Appeals and expectations of farmer households in project areas, rural cooperatives, project village committees and relevant departments of the government for the project are intensively analyzed in this part. As for analysis of disadvantaged groups, analysis of ethnic minorities, analysis of sex and analysis of poverty are

171 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan separately carried out in the subsequent chapter.

10.2.2 Negotiation method and contents

Participatory social assessment method is adopted for the whole social assessment negotiation process, including structure interview, group interview, participatory scoring and sorting, matrix analysis of project impact, survey of community resources and mapping of resource chart to ensure that different interest groups and different types of farmer households in the project villages are able to participate in project in a voluntary, equal and active way. The assessment team selects different investigation groups and launch county-level cadre symposium participated by relevant functional departments of the county government including agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, ethnic religion bureau, human resources and social security bureau, land and resources bureau and demolition and relocation office; the assessment team launches countryside level cadre symposium participated by technicians of agricultural station, main principals of township and directors of village committees of project villages in project towns; the assessment team launches villager group symposiums in project villages, including impoverished resident symposium, women symposium, villager in-depth symposium and granting of questionnaire.

10.2.3 Public participation in investigation

Investigation stages and steps: Stage 1: Questionnaire survey and convening of township/county-level symposium (August 2015). In stage 1, since the farmer households are still not very familiar with the project, questionnaire survey concerning their willingness is mainly conducted. Stage 2 is village in-depth investigation stage (December 2015). After relevant government departments conduct further publicity and farmer households have a clear

172 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan understanding of specific design scheme of the project, the social assessment team plans to conduct in-depth investigation of proposed project villagers. To be specific, the social assessment team will select two typical project villages from each project county to hold villager representative symposium, rural women symposium and impoverished household symposium as well as select typical villagers to carry out in-depth individual interviews.

10.2.4 Public participation in each project stage

10.2.4.1 Participation of stakeholders in project preparation stage

The social assessment team has launched a series of project publicity activities and mobilized main stakeholders to participate in project decision-making activities within the areas affected by the project. The participation of each stakeholder in project is launched in three levels: (1) Official symposium The assessment team convenes symposium participated by PMO officials in each level and relevant governmental departments to learn and collect: ①Status quo of implementation of projects approved locally and assessment of such projects; ②Risk analysis of project and discussion of countermeasures to lower risks; ③Suggestions on how to improve project effect; ④Problems existing in each approved project; ⑤

Estimation of influence from project implementation; ⑥Collect all relevant literature data and statistical annual statement of three levels, province, county and township. (2) Project farmer household and agricultural cooperative symposium The assessment team shall convene symposium with owner of each sub-project. Themes of symposium: ①Background and process of project approval; get to know status quo of project implementation and its assessment; ②Project design process;

③Problems existing in project; ④Suggestions on improvement of project effect and avoidance of risks; ⑤Collect filing data of the project owner concerning project; ⑥ Select investigation points.

173 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(3) “Unlimited pre-informed participation” of main stakeholders The assessment team has launched unlimited pre-informed participation in main stakeholders of the project. During site work of each sub-project, the assessment team has selected different investigation points to cover main stakeholders under different project impacts. The assessment team has launched unlimited pre-informed participation in relevant stakeholders. During site work, the assessment team has selected different investigation points and launch county-level cadre symposium participated by relevant functional departments of the county government including agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, ethnic religion bureau, human resources and social security bureau, land and resources bureau and demolition and relocation office; the assessment team launches countryside cadre symposium participated by technicians of agricultural station, main principals of township and directors of village committees of project villages in project towns; the assessment team launches villager group symposiums in project villages, including impoverished resident symposium, women symposium, villager in-depth symposium and granting of questionnaire.

10.2.4.2 Participation of stakeholders in project implementation stage

Project construction requests the convening of stakeholders including all members of village, village committee, project owner, PMO, and village project management team to participate in project construction and monitoring in forms of village congress, villager representative congress and village project management team meeting.

Table 11-7 Outline of participation of main stakeholders in project construction stage Participation Contents of activity Method of activity Each participant activity Village Determine members of the team, ①Village congress ①All members of project elect person in charge of the team, ② Village/villager village organization execute organization training, select representative congress ② Village

174 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

management and manage personnel involved in ③ Village project committee team project construction, maintain social management team ③Project owner security in construction place, meeting (including ④PMO coordinate the relationships with representatives of special ⑤ Village project each party and reflect villagers’ groups including management team opinions. impoverished households, migrants, ethnic minorities and women) ①Determine establishment method of professional agricultural organization, introduction method of ① Members social capital and method of participating in farmland soil remediation; construction ②Determine jobs available during include migrants, project construction; ethnic minorities, ③Determine selection standards of women and ① Village plenary personnel involved in project impoverished meeting construction. These personnel must households; Project ② Village representative include migrants, ethnic minorities, ②PMO construction congress impoverished households and ③Project owner ③Participation in project women; ④ Project construction ④ Determine remuneration of development personnel involved in project organization; construction; ⑤ Village project ⑤ Technical training and safety management team system training of personnel ⑥ Representative involved in construction; of social capital ⑥ Participation in project construction ① Village/village congress ② Village/village ①All members of ①Regular soil monitoring representative congress village Village/village ② Monitoring of recovery of ③ Village project ② Village project soil migrants’ living standards monitoring team committee monitoring ③Monitoring of recovery of natural (including representatives ③Project owner team environment after project of special groups ④PMO construction including impoverished ⑤ Village project households, migrants, monitoring team ethnic minorities and women) Monitoring and assessment skill Village/village project ① Village/village Training training monitoring team training project monitoring

175 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

meeting team ②PMO ③Project ①Print “Project Appeal and Suggestion Table” and give out it to each villager group to make it convenient for the ① Village/village villagers to timely project monitoring express their opinions; team Opinion and Establish a village member opinion ② Establish complaint ②All members of appeal feedback system. hotline in provincial village PMO; ③ PMO and ③The village monitoring project owner teams collect opinions and suggestions from project farmer households at any time.

10.2.4.3 Information disclosure

Participation and public negotiation of migrants and affected personnel shall be emphasized during stages of resettlement, policymaking of social assessment report, and plan preparation and implementation. The objects of public participation are classified into three types, i.e. government departments at each level, expert terms and affected village collective and population. Resettlement action plan and social assessment shall be involved in negotiation and participation according to steps of public participation to ensure full participation of affected groups. All documents shall be announced according to policy of the World Bank and relevant archives shall be filed or published in the newspaper for announcement according to domestic requirements. Opportunities including social economic investigation and social impact assessment and investigation shall be utilized to extensively publicize and introduce resettlement policy of the project by various means and solicit opinions from various kinds of affected population. After extensive public participation, coordination and

176 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan communication, local governments, affected village collectives and affected population have already fully understood the potential influence, settlement policy and income recovery plan of the project. The project resettlement office and the local resettlement organizations at each level may adopt the following procedures and methods to encourage the affected population to participate in negotiation:

(1) Publicize basic information of the project and attract the affected population to actively participate in the project. Methods such as posting of announcement, radio and television, network media and investigation symposium are adopted to introduce basic conditions of the project to the affected groups and enable the affected population to have a relatively full concept and understanding of the project. The main contents of information of the project include: Objectives of farmland pollution prevention and control; influence of farmland pollution control project; project compensation standards, compensation amount and resettlement policy; migrants’ opinion feedback and appeal channels. (2) Convening of public consulting meeting The project resettlement office organizes affected population to attend consulting meeting on an irregular schedule based on actual conditions of project land acquisition and demolition. At least 5 meetings shall be convened. The number of participants shall not be lower than 30% of the total affected population. During each meeting, representatives of disadvantaged groups especially women and ethnic minorities shall be invited to attend the meeting. The number of disadvantaged groups including women and ethnic minorities attending the meeting shall not be lower than 30% of total number of participants. Also, the meeting shall be monitored by relevant external independent monitoring organization. Furthermore, project construction contents, progress and resettlement policy of the project shall be publicized through

TV, broadcasting, newspaper and network. (3) Convening of hearing As for issuing centering on migrants including alternative crops and planting

177 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan technologies, migrants’ compensation expectations and difficulties faced by migrants, the migrants may fully express their opinions first and then sorting of concentration ratios of demands, opinions and suggestions are formed through discussion, analysis and voting. Then, the community discussion results will be made public. (4) Announcement of resettlement action plan After hearing and expert consulting, PMO shall formulate a draft and a final version of resettlement action plan and give out them to migrants and the public in project areas. The general places used to disclose resettlement action plan can be public activity places, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees, government public information website, etc.. The language used shall be easy to understand. The draft of resettlement action plan shall be publicized one month before it is submitted to the World Bank for approval. After the draft is recognized by the World Bank, the final version can be publicized. The main contents of resettlement action plan include all lost property, compensation standards, compensation amount, resettlement policy, migrants’ rights and interests, and opinion feedback and appeal channels, etc..

10.2.5 Brief summary of public participation

The purposes of social assessment are to identify main stakeholders and their demands as well as opportunities and risks brought by project construction and operation to stakeholders, help the perfection of project design and implementation through formulation of action plans to avoid or mitigate social risks, and enable individuals and groups most directly influenced by the project activities to support and effectively participate in the project activities. The demands of main stakeholders are summarized as follows: On the basis of field investigation, the social assessment team identifies the main stakeholders of the project and launches term-less pre-informed participation with main stakeholders. These main stakeholders and their demands are shown as follows: Common demands: Develop agricultural production, increase opportunities for

178 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan employment and entrepreneurship, enhance risk resistance, control heavy metal pollution of farmland and improve farmers’ production and living standards. Demands of farmer households in project areas: (1) Improve agricultural production infrastructure, e.g. repair or new construction of irrigation channels, farm tracks, and other relevant facilities: (2) Improve local ecological environment, improve quality of agricultural products and develop ecological agriculture; (3)

Participate in farmer cooperatives and lower production risks and cost; (4) Adjust industrial structure, increase the ratio of cash crops in a proper manner and raise income level; (5) Lower the risk of increase of cost brought to farmers during controlling process of heavy metal of farmland. Demands of agricultural cooperatives: (1) Acquire capital support, reduce financing cost and lighten the capital stress for development of ecological agriculture; (2) Improve organization management level of cooperatives and facilitate local agriculture to adopt scaled development path; (3) Establish soil and agricultural product heavy metal monitoring stations, improve quality management level of agricultural products and promote the local agriculture to adopt the development path of ecological agriculture; (4) Lower risks of sales of agricultural products and increase of costs. Demands of village committees of project villages: (1) Establish and perfect agricultural cooperatives and promote local industrial upgrading; (2) Strengthen local farmers’ environment awareness and planting technology training as well as their environmental protection awareness and technological level; (3) Formulate a reasonable compensation mechanism and lower residents’ resentment. Demands of agricultural department: (1) Smoothly and successfully complete the Project through cooperation with stakeholders; (2) Help farmer households in the project area control heavy metal pollution of farmland, develop agricultural production and improve quality of agricultural products; (3) Explore local farmland pollution administration technologies and management models through improvements of the World Bank project.

179 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Demands of other relevant departments of the government: (1) Improve soil quality and local ecological environment and improve control and monitoring level of local environment: (2) Promote economic development of the whole project county and project area and facilitate the agriculture to adopt the path of ecological development; (3) Drive economic and social development, realize political stability and improve government image; (4) Improve production and living conditions of impoverished people, enhance the living standards of impoverished population, safeguard social stability and promote harmonious development.

180 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Attached Table 1 List of common mitigation measures against environmental and social impacts

Implementation Supervision Influencing factor Potential influence Mitigation measures organization organization

 Select advanced and reliable low-noise equipment during equipment type selection;

 Reasonably arrange construction time and prohibit construction during lunch break and at night;

 Foundation damping treatment shall be conducted for machinery equipment generating relatively Environmental big noise, or vibration damping support shall be set up to bind up damping materials; Noise during construction period mainly includes noise from Protection  Noise generated during vehicle transport may have a certain impact on acoustic environment construction site and traffic noise during transport of materials. Department of Acoustic sensitive points along the line. Transport time shall be reasonably arranged and the quantity of The noise from construction site mainly includes noise County PMO Hunan Province and environment cars and driving density in the construction area shall be compressed as much as possible. generated by construction machinery equipment and noise Environmental Measures such as speed restriction and horning prohibition shall be imposed on construction generated due to material loading, unloading and collision. Protection Bureau of machinery such as vehicles; Hengyang County  All machinery equipment shall be effectively maintained and repaired on a regular basis to ensure

that the equipment is in good condition and the purposes of noise reduction and extension of

equipment use life are realized.

During construction of irrigation facilities and field farm tracks  Most earthwork and stonework excavated from channels are used to backfill for the purpose of Environmental

and implementation of small civil engineering works, raising land leveling and ridge building; field farm tracks are constructed around existing ridges and all Protection

dust will be generated due to pavement excavation, transport, earthworks are reused in the field; Department of Atmospheric loading and unloading of spoils, and site trimming and  Activities such as roadbed excavation and filling shall be avoided during windy and rainy days; County PMO Hunan Province and environment construction. Construction waste gases mainly refer to waste  Stacking and storage of powdery construction materials used in the project such as cement, lime Environmental

gases generated by fuel oil consuming construction machinery and stone shall be strictly managed and the surfaces shall be covered. Watering measure shall be Protection Bureau of

and tail gas generated by transport vehicles. The emission adopted when necessary; Hengyang County

181 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

volume of these pollutants is limited and usually only has a  Project construction shall be implemented in different sections and different areas to reduce scope

certain impact on construction personnel. The influence of such of raising dust; measures such as watering shall be adopted to reduce pollution of raising dust;

pollutants in regional environment is very small.  Construction machinery and vehicles with good operating condition shall be selected and used;

 Overhaul and maintenance of construction vehicles shall be strengthened. It is strictly prohibited

to use vehicles beyond the period of intended use and with tail gas exceeding the standard.

Construction vehicles with low oil consumption and small exhaust shall be used as much as

possible and high-quality fuel oil shall be selected and used as much as possible to reduce

emission of hazardous gases from machinery and vehicles.

 Channel construction shall be better conducted in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage

may be built when necessary;

 Sedimentation basin shall be set up on construction site. The construction wastewater shall be

collected and deposited through sedimentation basin and then reused for construction as much as

possible; Construction production wastewater and domestic sewage are  Temporary latrine pits are set up within construction site. Excrements are cleared on a regular Environmental mainly included. Construction wastewater mainly includes basis and then used as farm manure according to actual living conditions in rural regions; Protection concrete maintenance wastewater and aggregate flushing water.  Construction management shall be strengthened and deflation, water emission, liquid dripping Department of Water Although the volume of this part of wastewater generated is and liquid leakage of construction machinery shall be strictly controlled; drainage system and County PMO Hunan Province and environment small, it contains a certain amount of oil contamination and water conservancy measures shall be properly implemented in temporary soil stacking area to Environmental sediments which may cause certain pollution to soil, surface prevent stacking of spoils from resulting in water and soil loss to influence water environment; Protection Bureau of water and underground water if not properly treated and instead  Each construction unit shall implement each treatment measure for handling of construction Hengyang County discharged at will. production wastewater and domestic sewage to ensure that the wastewater is properly treated and

disposed;

 Environmental protection education of construction personnel shall be strengthened and

environment awareness of construction personnel shall be improved. The construction personnel

shall not throw or dump wastes and sewage at will.

182 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

The main sources of solid wastes generated during construction

period include foundation excavation, spoil (slag) after backfill,

sludge generated during dredging of hilly ponds, and household

garbage generated by the construction personnel. If the building  The household garbage shall be collected using garbage cans and bags set up on construction site Environmental garbage generated during construction period is not timely and then uniformly cleared and transported to household garbage landfill in the towns where the Protection disposed, it will not only influence landscape but also generate project is located for treatment and disposal; Department of raising dust under windy and dry weather conditions; the sludge  The heavy metal content of sludge from the hilly ponds shall be monitored and relevant disposal Solid wastes County PMO Hunan Province and generated during dredging of some hilly ponds may have measures shall be selected; Environmental standard-exceeding heavy metal content. If it is not properly  Spoil (slag) can be used for land leveling and backfill as well as paving of road foundation Protection Bureau of disposed, pollution will be caused to surrounding surface water without having to go far. No water slag yard is separately set up in order to reduce land Hengyang County and soil; if household garbage is not timely treated, mosquitoes occupation.

will be bred, stink will be generated and diseases will be spread

under moderate temperature, which will have an adverse

influence on surrounding environment.

Once cultural relics and historic sites are discovered during construction process, relevant personnel

shall immediately inform local cultural relics preservation department and timely and properly protect Cultural relics County PMO Provincial PMO the site. Construction can be resumed only after the cultural relics department properly handles the

cultural relics and historic sites discovered.

 Construction time shall be reasonably arranged and it is prohibited to construct during lunch  Construction noise would influence local villagers’ rest; break and at night;  Transport of construction materials and spoil will have a Social  Civilized construction shall be implemented and local customs shall be respected; certain impact on local transportation; County PMO Provincial PMO environment  If it is required to occupy a part of cultivated land, consent of farmers shall be solicited first and  The construction of field farm tracks may occupy a little farmers with cultivated land occupied shall be compensated. Land occupation shall be settled quantity of cultivated land. inside the village.

183 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Appendix 1

Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Field Irrigation Facility Construction

Environmental Protection Procedure

Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

September 2016

1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction

Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land is a project implemented in order to improve quality and safety of agricultural products and safeguard people’s life health in consideration of the severe situation of heavy metal pollution of cultivated land in Hunan Province. In order to maintain normal implementation of the project, realize use of clean and standard-reaching irrigation water sources during implementation of the project, and provide guarantee for smooth implementation of the project and obtaining of expected effect, the field irrigation facilities in the project areas are hereby reconstructed and perfected. The construction contents of field irrigation facilities in Hengyang County include reconstruction of drainage channels and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditches.

1. Bid invitation and bidding

(1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures.

2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures.

2. General provisions

(1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure.

(2) The construction unit is required to entrust a qualified unit to conduct construction supervision and supervise and urge construction unit to implement each environmental protection measure. (3) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the

3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (4) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (5) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (6) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (7) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (8) During work on construction site and construction of canal embankments, watering shall be timely conducted to reduce dust based on weather conditions. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. (9) Formulate construction plan and carry out construction of channel works. The influence of construction period on use of irrigation water in farmland along the river bank shall be considered. Construction shall be better implemented in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage shall be built when necessary to ensure irrigation water of farmland.

4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

3. Construction site management measures

The project construction unit must abide by the following management measures to minimize adverse environmental influence caused from the construction site. (1) Working hours The construction time is within 8:00~20:00. Construction shall be stopped during lunch break (12:00~14:00). Meanwhile, construction at night is restricted. Besides, when it is unavoidable to construct at night, surrounding residents shall be notified and relevant formalities shall be handled. Moreover, measures shall be adopted to reduce influence on such residents. Access of construction transport vehicles shall comply with requirements of local government; (2) Borrow area and spoil (slag) ground It is not required to borrow earth during construction according to engineering features of irrigation facilities involved in this project. Therefore, no borrow area is set up. During construction, “zero balancing” of earthwork and stonework is realized through reasonable allocation and transport of excavation. No spoil ground is set up. (3) Wastewater sedimentation basin is set up on construction site. The construction wastewater is reused for construction work after sedimentation and it is not discharged outside. Instead, the domestic sewage is collected and treated in the toilets of villager’s residence and then used by local farmers for farmland fertilization.

(4) Public information platform

①Set up construction nameplate in eye-catching position to make clear of name of project, scope of construction site, names of development organization, construction organization, supervision unit and regulatory body, name of project leader, date of completion and supervision and complaint hotline, specific environmental protection measures, etc.;

②The construction unit shall post letter of notification of commencement around the site 7 days before planned commencement of the project. The letter of notification shall contain information such as project overview, construction plan, names of units

5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan responsible for construction, name of project leader, complaint hotline, etc..; ③Construction at night is restricted. The influence of construction at night on surrounding environment shall be controlled and residents shall be informed ahead of time under special circumstances in order to obtain their understanding; ④The construction unit shall post notice to inform the public in project points and around affected residents and enterprises 5 days before service interruption

(including water, electricity, communication, traffic, etc.). (5) Accident risk prevention The construction unit shall formulate accident prevention plan ahead of time and set up person in charge of emergency accident. Once an accident occurs, the construction unit may seek help from relevant department; (6) People’s safety and health Construction site shall be isolated and enclosed and traffic signs and guard bars shall be set up to ensure pedestrians’ safety; safety training shall be carried out for construction personnel before construction and personal protection facilities shall be provided and required for mandatory use; ensure that materials containing asbestos or other toxic substances are disassembled and handled by specially trained workers; all work shall be stopped in case of rainstorm or any emergency. (7) Prohibited matters It is prohibited to fell trees at will beyond the approved construction area; it is prohibited to use unapproved toxic substances, such as lead paint and asbestos; it is prohibited to use open fire or let workers to use alcohol.

4. Construction site construction and facility management measures

4.1 Management of construction building materials

Building materials used in the construction of irrigation facility works mainly include sand, stone, cement, quick lime, raw wood, steel and brick. If these building

6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan materials are not properly handled during transport, storage and use, different degrees of influence will be imposed on the environment. Therefore, relevant environmental protection prevention and control measures shall be adopted to minimize such influence. The proposed management measures during transport, storage and use of construction building materials during construction of irrigation facility works are shown as follows: (1) Low-noise vehicles shall be used. The daytime transport shift system shall be strictly executed and management shall be strengthened to reduce number of times of transport at night under abnormal conditions; (2) Speed restriction control measure is adopted for transport vehicles. When passing through environmental protection objectives (e.g. hospitals, residential areas, schools, etc.), the vehicles shall slow down;

(3) Vehicle access signboard shall be set up. Vehicle drivers shall drive the vehicles in a civilized way to ensure safe transport; (4) Powdery materials such as cement and lime shall be canned or bagged. Bulk transport is prohibited; vehicles transporting aggregates and construction materials shall be provided with anti-scattering equipment. Excessive loading shall be avoided to prevent materials from being blown up by big wind. It is strictly forbidden to let such materials raise dust and scattered during journey of transport. Felt cloth must be covered; transport route and time shall be properly planned to reduce the influence on environmental sensitive points (areas) as much as possible; (5) Place for stacking of powdery building materials shall be selected 300m along the downwind direction of environmental sensitive point. Stocking volume shall be reduced and should be used in time. Wind- and rain-proof measures should be taken when the materials are stacked, and if necessary, fences should be erected and water should be sprayed regularly to prevent dust rising. Felt cloth shall be added under severe weather conditions; (6) Construction vehicles must be checked on a regular basis and damaged

7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan carriages shall be timely repaired to reduce scattering of building materials and wastes of vehicles during driving; (7) Management of transmission and use of powdery materials shall be strengthened during construction period. Watering and cleaning shall be conducted for working faces easily generating secondary raising dust.

4.2 Management of construction equipment

Construction equipment used for construction of irrigation facility works mainly includes excavator, blender, vibratory unit and tamping machine. Noise and tail gas generated by such construction equipment during construction as well as possible deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and liquid leakage would have an influence on environmental elements in the project areas. In order to minimize such adverse influence, it is planned to adopt the following management measures:

(1) Construction equipment shall be stored according to construction area divided. It is not allowed to park construction equipment at will beyond the construction site in order to avoid increase of area of temporary land occupation and destruction of vegetation and soil; (2) Low-noise equipment shall be adopted as construction equipment as much as possible;

(3) Foundation damping or damping support may be adopted; (4) Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and machinery must be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gas; (5) Equipment shall be reasonably used and equipment maintenance and repair of equipment shall be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and liquid leakage and avoid causing influence on surface water environment, soil environment, etc. in the project areas.

8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

5. Environmental protection provisions on construction stockyards

5.1 Quarry

Gravel materials used for project construction are usually adopted from the existing qualified quarry. Aggregates needed for construction of irrigation facility works shall be purchased from aggregate factory with formal business license in project areas. However, noise and raising dust generated during handling and vehicle transport of aggregates as well as stacking and storage of aggregates in construction place shall be strictly managed and controlled.

5.2 Prefabrication and mixing yard

Sand gravel cushion paving + Concrete precast block + Channel lining + Pointing construction procedure shall be adopted for irrigation and drainage channel of irrigation facility construction. Prefabrication and mixing yard shall be arranged around construction point according to environmental features along irrigation channel and based on direction of irrigation channel planned and designed. Noise and maintenance wastewater generated during machinery mixing, vibration of vibratory unit and watering maintenance will have an influence on surrounding acoustic environment and surface water environment. (1) Prefabrication and mixing yard shall be selected 300m beyond downwind direction of environmental sensitive points. Fence shall be set up when necessary; (2) Silencer shall be installed at noise sources of blender and vibratory unit to eliminate sound. Meanwhile, foundation damping or damping support may be adopted; (3) Maintenance wastewater is comprehensively utilized after being treated in temporary sedimentation basin set up. (4) The construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange construction personnel and reduce the operation time of operators of high-noise machinery.

9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

Earmuffs can be equipped for construction personnel to reduce the influence of noise on construction personnel.

6. Environmental protection provisions on society

The reconstruction of field irrigation facilities mainly has an influence on farmland water conservancy along the line. The management measures are shown as follows: (1) Parallel operation shall be adopted during construction excavation. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. (2) In order to ensure unimpeded water channels in farmland and prevent water and soil loss, reconstruction of drainage and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditch shall be arranged in non-irrigation period as much as possible. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period.

7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites

If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of material cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 7-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural

10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and dug indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out.

Figure 7-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction

period

11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control

The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit

12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets.

9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control

The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten

13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures

14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③ Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment.

10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence

(1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent such materials from flowing into river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm.

(2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body.

15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is.

11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes

Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized.

The remaining materials may be timely cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not

16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization.

12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment

12.1 Ecological resource protection and management measures

(1) Reasonably optimize layout of construction site, reduce scope of construction activities and reduce the degree of damage caused by project implementation to vegetation;

(2) Building materials that shall be purchased during construction such as stone, sand and cement; they shall be transported when needed. Land occupation and vegetation damage shall be reduced; after completion of project, construction site shall be timely cleared and construction site shall be greened to recover the damaged vegetation as much as possible; (3) Temporary protective fences shall be established around trees not felled or transplanted within construction site before construction according to checking results of construction site; (4) It is not allowed to add other signs besides identification label on the trees or stack or store building materials and park mechanical equipment around tree protection areas; (5) Temporary intercepting ditch shall be built on construction site, and flood guiding channel shall be constructed for surface runoff channel damaged for the project so as to lead the flood formed in rainy season away and avoid scouring of surface runoff to the project;

17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

(6) The construction unit shall shorten time of temporary land occupation, control construction time of earthwork, maintain stable excavation and filling of side slope and reduce the influence beyond project construction under the precondition that construction quality is ensured.

12.2 Water and soil conservancy measures

(1) Temporary measures During stacking of sand gravel materials needed for excavation and backfill of earthwork of buildings and structures as well as construction project, in order to avoid wind erosion and water erosion. Temporary covering measure shall be adopted for protection. Temporary protective measures adopted mainly include temporary straw bag pressing, covering and watering. ①Covering

In order to prevent wind erosion and water erosion, temporary covering measure is adopted for exposed parts of slag body in this temporary mound yard. Dense-mesh dustproof net is selected and used as covering material. Demolition of dustproof covering shall be carried out upon start of earthwork backfill. The dustproof net shall be gradually rolled up backward from a place close to foundation pit. The dustproof net will be recycled after earthwork is fully back filled.

②Temporary pressing measure using earth loading straw bag Dustproof net around temporary mound yard shall be pressed by earth loading in straw bag. Requirements for removal of straw bags: When backfill is conducted after completion of casting of building foundations of main works, the straw bags around shall be manually removed from two sides from the opening and the earth in the straw bags is continuously filled into foundation pit. Straw bags can be recycled for reutilization.

③Watering Watering shall be conducted for 1-2 times after land remediation of construction

18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan site. Surface crust with thickness enough to effectively resist wind erosion can be formed if the degree of infiltration of soil reaches approximately 2cm, which benefits recovery of water and soil conservation functions. (2) Engineering measures ①Concave-convex leveling and backfill: Including determination of backfill area and depth, unit weight of backfill object and unit weight of grinding as well as backfill grinding method as well as determination of possible sinking and its hazard prediction and protective measures; ②Plan transport routes of backfill object and earth covering; ③Pit backfill and utilization: During pit backfill, abandoned earth and stone slag shall be fully utilized to strive to realize leveling of pit and full consumption of slag after backfill. The backfill method is determined according to factors such as terrain, construction conditions and area. Manpower and machinery combined method is usually adopted. When area remediated is relatively big, bulldozer is adopted to conduct trip-type remediation. The lap width between strips is 0.5m; as for corners with relatively area in which mechanical operation is unavailable or applicable, manpower will be employed to remediate dead angles. Shovels are adopted for manpower remediation to carry out pit backfill within depth of 0.3m in remediation area; ④During rough remediation, key parts requiring backfill shall be determined according to features of landform and terrain in project area. Then, construction machinery such as bulldozer shall be adopted to transport the earthwork to filling area of pit place. During pit backfill, relatively fine sand gravel shall be used and compressed below, while macadam with relatively big grain size shall be paved above and then flatly grinded. After end of rough remediation, tools such as shovel shall be manually used to shovel parts such as edges and dead angles of construction area disturbed and small pits left over by machinery remediation flatly. The landfill treatment shall finally meet the design requirements of leveling. (3) Vegetation measure

19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan

During vegetation recovery in construction area after end of project, local species shall be adopted and introduction of external species shall be avoided.

13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety

The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations;

(4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.);

(5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time;

(6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is

20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-drive equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks);

(8) Guardrails (one middle and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users;

(10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases.

21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Appendix 2

Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Agricultural Activities

Environmental Protection Procedure

Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

September 2016

Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities

1 Environmental protection measures for lime application

1.1 Lime quality requirements

Lime material selected in this project: It is a composite product comprising quick lime (CaO content>70%), limestone (CaO content>40%) and dolomite (CaO+MgO content>45% with ratio of 1:3. The quality indexes are required as follows: Fineness: Passing of 2mm standard sieve (10-mesh standard sieve) ≥80%; Mercury (Hg) content≤2 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content≤3 mg/kg;

Arsenic (As) content≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content≤50 mg/kg｡

1.2 Lime transport

(1) Bid invitation is adopted to ensure timely application. Public purchasing by invitation to bid is adopted for late rice according to normal procedure. After determination of bid winner, the bid inviter will sign quick lime powder product supply service contract with the bid winner and the bid winner shall transport the product to village groups where the project is conducted as scheduled with required quantity. (2) Waterproof cloth shall be adopted during transport to cover the lime and prevent spreading and overflow of lime during transport.

1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

1.3 Protective measures for lime application

(1) When using lime, the lime application personnel shall pay special attention to their safety protection. They shall wear masks, eyeshades (or goggles) and work clothes. After completion of lime application, they shall timely take showers and change cloths. (2) During process of lime application, even application shall be realized to prevent excessive local concentration. (3) During storage of lime, weather and moisture prevention shall be noticed. Lime shall not be stored for a long term. It shall be better used when received. Besides, lime shall not be simultaneously used with chemical fertilizers and pesticide.

1.4 Determination of application period

In order to make it convenient for farmers to use, lime application shall be better carried out beyond busy season and high-temperature season. Period of lime application once every year shall be flexibly determined according to different planting systems. (1) Double cropping rice-slack winter season area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 1 month before winter or transplanting of early season rice. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of early season rice. (2) Double cropping rice-oilseed rape/green manure area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field 2-3 days before oilseed rape straws or green manure is ploughed. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately to transplant early season rice. (3) Oilseed rape-single-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 15 days before transplanting of middle-season rice after harvesting of oilseed rape. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of middle-season rice.

2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

(4) Tobacco-late-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field in winter or about 1 month before transplanting of flue-cured tobacco. Then, the paddy field shall be immediately ploughed.

1.5 Other attentions

(1) During top dressing of lime, there shall be no water on the standing grain leaves. In other words, lime shall not be applied in the morning when there is dew or after rain, or under the weather condition of big wind. (2) During application of lime, organic fertilizer shall be applied as coordination. (3) Lime shall not be mixed with chemical fertilizers especially ammonium nitrogen and thoroughly decomposed excrements and urines of people and livestock during application to avoid loss of nitrogen fertilizer. (4) Lime shall not be mixed with trace elements such as boric fertilizer so as to prevent the reduction of effectiveness of lime.

2 Environmental protection measures for application of leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner

2.1 Selection of leaf surface controlling agent

Silicon-containing and water-soluble fertilizers already applied in rice and registered in Ministry of Agriculture with cadmium blocking effect above 30% are selected according to Guiding Opinion on Standardization Heavy Metal Pollution Repair Products of -- Cultivated Land in 2015 and Service Technical Quality Requirements. The specific quality indexes are shown as follows: Water: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥70g/L; water-insoluble matter content

≤10 g/L Powder: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥10%; water-insoluble matter content≤5% 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Mercury (Hg) content ≤5 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content ≤10 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content ≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content ≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content ≤50 mg/kg｡

2.2 Selection of soil conditioner

(1) Use of industrial waste as passivation restorative agent shall be avoided as much as possible so as to avoid bringing new secondary pollution to farmland soil or destroy soil structure as well as its physical and chemical properties and environmental quality. (2) Soil conditioner already applied in rice and registered by Ministry of Agriculture shall be selected.

(3) Soil conditioner shall be applied in strict accordance with product description. Excessive application shall be prevented.

2.3 Temporary storage requirements

A specific indoor warehouse is set up to temporarily store leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner. The temporary storage warehouse shall resist rain, wind and seepage.

3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers

3.1 Selection and use of commercial organic fertilizers

The heavy metal contents of commercial organic fertilizers must be lower than the standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012). The specific indexes

4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

are shown as follows: (1) Technical indexes: Mass fraction of organic maters (calculated as per dried basis): 45; Mass fraction of total nutrient (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated as per dried basis): ≥5.0; Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample): ≤30;

Potential of hydrogen (PH): 5.5-8.5 (2) Metal indexes: Total arsenic (As) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤15 mg/kg; Total mercury (Hg) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤2 mg/kg; Total lead (Pb) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤50 mg/kg; Total chromium (Cr) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤150 mg/kg; Total cadmium (Cd) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤3 mg/kg｡

(3) Bacterial indexes Roundworm ova death rate and number of fecal coliforms shall comply with requirements raised in NY884.

3.2 Attentions during application of organic fertilizers

(1) Use of commercial organic fertilizers is promoted. Commercial organic fertilizers already passing field test, confirmed as safe through secondary pollution evaluation, and certified and registered by relevant certification organization shall be selected. (2) The contents of elements in organic fertilizers applied including Cd, As, Hg, Pb and Cr shall be lower than standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012) (3) If manure of livestock and poultry is used as organic fertilizer, the feeds used to feed livestock and poultry must comply with requirements of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001).

5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

(4) As for livestock’s excrements generated by surrounding farmer households in breeding industry, PMO shall strengthen supervision. Excrements generated by breeding industry without detection or exceeding standard during monitoring shall not be delivered to farmland in order to prevent bringing new heavy metal pollution. (5) Attentions to use of bio-organic fertilizers ①The bio-organic fertilizers shall not be applied to a very deep earth layer. It is suitable to apply the bio-organic fertilizers at a place of 10-15cm below the surface. ②During application, bio-organic fertilizers shall be not mixed with single chemical fertilizer. Since single chemical fertilizer has singular ingredients and the pH value differs, if it is abundantly applied, the biological activity of bio-organic fertilizers will be inevitably compromised. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizers shall be better separately applied. ③The proportioning of bio-organic fertilizer, farm manure and DAP compound fertilizer shall be reasonable. When they are selected and used, they shall be calculated first and then scientific proportioning shall be carried out before application.

4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes

(1) Strengthening publicity and enhance farmers’ environmental protection awareness

Since farmers are the subjects using agricultural means of production and agricultural package wastes, it is required to strengthen technical training of scientific use of pesticide and other agricultural products for the farmers and enable them to get to know the hazards of agricultural package wastes to agricultural production and environment and enhance their environmental protection awareness. Also, the farmers shall be educated not to abandon agricultural films at will and to collect and take away agricultural package wastes.

6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

(2) Implementing centralized collection and avoiding storage at will Agricultural package waste collection points are set in each project area. Farmers are required to waste agricultural films, pesticide and agricultural packages already used up in collection points. Meanwhile, they shall contact with agricultural package recycling station of Hengyang County and transport agricultural package wastes in the collection points to the recycling station on a regular basis.

(3) Strengthening management and ensuring transfer treatment PMO shall strengthen management and supervise the collection and transfer work of agricultural package wastes to ensure that all such package wastes in project areas are transported to agricultural package recycling station of Hengyang County that shall recycle such wastes or entrust a qualified unit to treat such wastes.

5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland

(1) PPP mode is adopted as operation mechanism to motivate and subsidize farmland operators or professional harvesting cooperatives to change harvesting model (semi-feeding harvesting to ensure overall straw relocation and utilization) and increase crushed grass bundling method (bundling machine can be purchased for harvesting) to realize relocation of crop straws from farmland in project areas.

(2) Select advantaged enterprises to profit from acquisition of straws and utilization of resources to sustain normal operation of the project.

(3) Straws in the project areas are transported to candy orange planting bases including Qianjin, Yongsheng and Longwangling Shenlong according to the principle of proximity. The straws will be used for covering and sheltering in sweet orange planting bases.

(4) PMO shall strengthen supervision to ensure that straws are smoothly transported out of the farmland and properly disposed.

7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk

(1) PMO shall strengthen supervision and entrust relevant unit with relevant detection qualification to detect the rice in the husk in project areas on a regular basis and avoid entry of standard-exceeding rice in the husk in project areas to grain ratio market. (2) As for rice with cadmium content＞0.2mg/kg, , it will be used as raw material for liquor making after a purchase and sales contract is signed with Hunan Dinguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd and Hunan Linglu Wine Industry Co., Ltd located in Xidu Town industrial park of Hengyang County. (3) Stillage, a by-product during wine brewing, shall be detected. If complying with the standard of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001), it can be used as feed. Otherwise, it shall be dried and then transported to refuse landfill for sanitary landfill.

8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

Appendix 3 Summary sheet of influence of specific points and mitigation measures

Specific environmental Potential environmental influence Mitigation measures sensitive points  The construction within a scope of 200m around schools shall be arranged beyond school time as much as possible.  Construction camps shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around schools; construction machinery equipment (especially high-noise equipment) shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around the school; Noise influence from construction  Construction transport shall be conducted beyond school access roads. However, if it machinery indeed cannot be realized, construction materials and muck shall be transported beyond Noise influence from construction school time; Ruiji Primary School machinery  When passing around schools, transport vehicles shall slow down and avoid blowing the Influence of lime application on horn as much as possible; environmental air  Lime application shall be arranged for farmland within scope of 200m around schools beyond school time as much as possible;  Lime shall be better applied under weather condition with wind speed less than 5m/s;  Schools shall be notified ahead of time before lime application. The schools shall publicize knowledge on protection from lime and preventing the flowing lime from injuring students and teachers.

Disposal of rice with Risk and social impacts of  Rice with excessive heavy metal content shall be prohibited from entering excessive heavy metal improper disposal of excessive Cd the grain market and grain purchase points shall be established exclusively for

1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal

content content rice purchase and storage of such rice;  In case of rice with a Cd content of over 0.2 mg/kg, a Purchase and Sales Contract shall be signed with Hunan Dinguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd and Hunan Linglu Wine Industry Co., Ltd located in Xidu Town’s Industrial Park of Hengyang County so as to enable such rice to be used as a liquor-making material and Cd in rice is mainly enriched in the by-product of lees;  The by-product of lees generated in liquor-making from excessive Cd content rice shall be monitored with the monitoring factors of as least Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Such lees as are in conformity with Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001) could be used as feed; otherwise the said lees shall be properly disposed by way of sanitary landfills and other measures.

2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal