DOCSLIB.ORG

A Guide to CBD Oil Extraction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Guide to CBD Oil Extraction A Guide to CBD Oil Extraction Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of many naturally occurring compounds found in the cannabis plant. Marijuana and Hemp both contain CBD, although most CBD products are mainly created from hemp. In contrast to marijuana which contains larger amounts of Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, the compound that induces the ‘high feeling’, hemp has lower percentages. CBD, extracted from the hemp plant does not bring upon that intoxicating effect but is noted for providing relief to pain, anxiety, and depression. It also helps alleviate cancer symptoms and is also safe in treating our beloved pets. The vast therapeutic benefits of CBD have come into the market in the form of oils, tinctures, infused edibles, and topicals. It also holds wellness properties such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antipsychotics. A recent report notes that the CBD market will grow to $22 billion USD by 2022 – a huge jump when compared to the current CBD market. CBD oil extracted from cannabis and hemp plants is now big business, with no signs of slowing down. How to Extract CBD Oil? The extraction of CBD and THC oil is the manner of creating cannabinoids in its purest and concentrated state and made safe for human consumption. It is then infused into a variety of products. It may be extracted from the cannabis plant, but it is ordinarily extracted from the hemp plant due to its lower levels of THC. The process and method of extraction of a hemp extract will influence the contents, quality, and purity of a product. Keep in mind that cannabis extraction involves chemistry and not cooking. Some analytical skills and methods are required combined with lab equipment to perform the processes properly. Methods for CBD oil extraction Cannabis alcohol extraction This form of extraction relies on solvents such as alcohol. Using a reliable alcohol extraction machine the cannabis is soaked in alcohol. Ethanol is a common choice. Ethanol is ‘generally regarded as safe’ by the FDA. It is a common food preservative and additive found in most store-bought products. It is a solvent that mixes well with water. The plant material is then lifted, the liquid is filtered and the alcohol is removed through evaporation. Removing the chlorophyll from the extract is important to prevent the oil from having a bitter taste. The result is a dark-colored extract with a grassy flavor. One of the best benefits of this method of extraction is that there is minimal risk of leaving toxic chemicals in the final extract of cannabis. It allows the extraction of necessary compounds of cannabinoids and terpenoids to be present. It is one of the more affordable methods and used by many companies today. Despite the lower cost, it still yields high- quality extracts. Carbon dioxide extraction Instead of using alcohol, this process removes cannabis components from the plant through carbon dioxide. High pressure and heat are applied to turn the CO2 into both a liquid and a gas. The equipment is more expensive as compared to other methods of extraction, but it produces a purer oil and less valuable components are lost. After the components are extracted, the carbon dioxide moves into a condenser and turns into a liquid that can be refined and reused again. The minimal reagent is used so this makes the method economical with minimal waste disposal. This method can also be adjusted to extract specific concentrations of compounds through changing the pressure, time and temperature. If any CO2 remains in the extract after the process it will evaporate. This is essential for extracts that will be used for medical purposes, as it guarantees that no residual solvent is found in the final product. Butane or propane extraction The use of butane as an extraction solvent produces butane hash oil. The process begins with cannabis and liquid butane pressurized in a heated system. Through the use of a vacuum and evaporation, the butane solvent can be removed. The vacuum lifts the butane from its liquid form and turns in into a vapor making it easier to remove. This class of extract is known as shatter, which produces a clear product that includes THC, CBD, and other compounds like terpenes. To make hash oil, the terpene content must be kept to a minimum and heated to remove any remaining terpenes after the extraction process. This method contains risks as butane burns easily when it is in a gas state. The temperature must be monitored to avoid any serious dangers of the gas exploding. The removal process should minimize the risk of any residual butane in an extract because butane is highly toxic to humans. The dangers involved in this method make it an unpopular choice. But for companies who take extra precautions and use third-party analytical testing, butane extraction is still chosen as the costs for running the equipment are fairly low. Instead of butane hash oil, some manufacturers opt for propane hash oil. This time, high pressure keeps the propane in a liquid state and extraction happens at a lower temperature. The temperature effects the components removed from the cannabis so butane and propane extraction results in different extracts. But like butane, special care and attention must be given to removing the residual chemicals left by propane..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cannabis Basics – Glossary of Terms
    6/18/2019 Cannabis Basics - Glossary of Terms • Emerald Family Farms EMERALD FAMILY FARMS CANNABIIS BASIICS Cannabis Basics – Glossary of Terms POSTED ON AUGUST 9,, 2018 BY ADMIIN Whether you're a seasoned cannabis connoisseur or just discovering what the world of cannabis has to offer. Battery A rechargeable battery used for heating up a vaporizing cannabis concentrate cartridge. Vape Batteries come in lots of styles and it is important to have one that will heat your cartridge at a proper temperature. Blunt A blunt is a cannabis joint wrapped in tobacco instead of a rolling paper. Created by either dumping out the tobacco of a store-bought cigar then reusing the tobacco wrap for crafting a cannabis joint or crafted using a pre-made blunt wrap. https://www.emeraldfamilyfarms.com/cannabis-basics-glossary/ 1/10 6/18/2019 Cannabis Basics - Glossary of Terms • Emerald Family Farms BHO Butane Hash Oil BHO, butane hash oil is made by pressure blasting cannabis owers with butane. The butane solvent causes THC to become soluble, resulting in a butane/THC mixture. Once the butane is evaporated, depending upon the starting material, apparatus used, and techniques applied during the process, the resulting concentrate product is a viscous and amber colored resin in the form of “sauce,” “crumble,” “wax,” or “shatter.” Bubble Hash A non-solvent based extraction method that utilizes ice-cold temperatures and micron screens to collect trichomes. Called Bubble Hash for its full melt qualities that cause the product to bubble and melt when exposed to ame. Cannabidiol Also known as CBD, is one of at least 113 different cannabinoids found in cannabis.
    [Show full text]
  • Extracts and Tinctures of Cannabis
    WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Critical Review …………….. Extracts and tinctures of cannabis This report contains the views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization © World Health Organization 2018 All rights reserved. This is an advance copy distributed to the participants of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, before it has been formally published by the World Health Organization. The document may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed, translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the permission of the World Health Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Butane Hash Oil• What Is Butane Hash Oil (BHO)?
    Butane Hash Oil• What is Butane hash oil (BHO)? Dabs or dabbing are the names for the use of concentrated butane hash oil (or BHO). It is a relatively new method of administering/ingesting cannabis that involves the inhalation of highly concentrated tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active chemical in cannabis. This concentrated form is produced through a chemical process using butane oil. Butane is used to extract the oils from the cannabis.1 The use of butane hash oil is not a new practice, but it does appear to be gaining in popularity particularly in the USA but also here in Australia. This increase in use is thought to be associated with the liberalisation of cannabis use in the United States and Canada.1, 2 Reports suggest that butane hash oil can have a THC concentration of approximately 80% (in comparison with traditional cannabis which is about 10-25%).3 Other names BHO, Marijuana wax, budder, honeycomb, shatter, dab, amber, oil, wax butter, sap3 How is it used? Cannabis is traditionally smoked in ‘joints’, ‘bongs’ or vaporised but these methods are not effective ways of consuming butane hash oil as it becomes a ‘runny liquid’ when heated. A specifically designed ‘bong’ commonly known as an ‘oil rig’ is commonly used.3 There is anecdotal evidence that indicates people believe dabbing is a safer method of cannabis ingestion as opposed to a bong or joint due to the high potency of dabs, which reduces the number of times it needs to be taken to produce a ‘high’.4 It has been reported that the home production of BHO (known as blasting) is hazardous as butane is flammable and highly volatile with a number of incidents such explosions, fires and severe burns occurring in the US.1 There is little known about the risks of ‘dabs’ compared to traditional cannabis but it has been proposed that the increased level of THC and the unique method of administration may increase the risk of dependence and intensify withdrawal symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Marijuana Concentrates Cannabis Plants Are Covered by Microscopic, Mushroom-Shaped, Hair-Like Compounds Called Trichomes
    Marijuana Concentrates Cannabis plants are covered by microscopic, mushroom-shaped, hair-like compounds called trichomes. These outgrowths surround the budding marijuana flower and produce the plant’s cannabinoids. Different varieties of trichomes can be collected. The resulting products—collectively called cannabis concentrates—can contain very high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly referred to as THC, the psychotropic ingredient in marijuana. These THC-rich marijuana products may be vaporized and Trichomes on marijuana flower. Image courtesy of University of Mississippi inhaled using a vape pen or through a process called dabbing.(1) How are concentrates made? Marijuana concentrates can be made in a commercial environment with modern equipment or prepared in a home setting.(2) They are produced in various ways, including: • dry processing (kief, finger hash) • dry ice processing • water-based processing (bubble hash) • combining pressure with heat • using nonflammable carbon dioxide solvents • using flammable solvents, including butane (lighter fluid), propane, ether or alcohol(1) Using flammable solvents is popular because the products have high THC levels,(1) users report longer-lasting effects,(1) and it is a relatively inexpensive and efficient production Concentrates • June 2020 • Page 1 method.(2) Butane is a commonly used solvent, producing the potent marijuana concentrate butane hash oil (BHO), also known as amber, dab, glass, honey, shatter, or wax.(2) What does the final product look like? The products resulting from these methods may be: • a gooey liquid wax (hash oil or honey oil) • a soft solid with a texture like lip balm (wax or budder) • a hard, amber-colored solid (shatter) Hash oil and waxes can be consumed using vape pens.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabis Oil
    CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT POTION OR POISON? Cannabis oil Nataly Martini BPharm, MSc, PhD annabis oil is a resinous substance EVIDENCE: An early clinical trial whose primary extracted from Cannabis sativa or end point was to determine the safety of highly Cannabis indica. Obtained by separating purified THC administered intracranially in Cthe resins from cannabis flowers using isopropyl patients with glioblastoma multiforme, showed alcohol, cannabis oil is increasingly being sought possible antiproliferative actions on tumour cells. after for its purported anticancer activity. However, owing to obvious legal reasons, virtu- ally all research has been in vitro or in animal PREPARATIONS: Cannabis oil can be taken orally, models. Thus far, the best laboratory results have inhaled by vaporisation, applied topically or for- come from using a combination of highly puri- mulated into suppositories. High quality oil has fied THC and CBD, which have shown to exert a high percentage of active constituents, and is anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-migratory dependent on the cannabis species, quality of raw and anti-invasive actions in a variety of cancers. plant material, and the extraction procedure. Conversely, evidence suggests that cannabinoids may encourage cancer cell growth, or have dif- COMMON NAMES: Marijuana oil, hash oil, pot oil, ferent effects depending on the receptors present CBD oil, Rick Simpson Oil (RSO). on the cancer cell. Resistance to cannabinoids is also likely. More human trials are needed to LATIN NAME: Cannabis sativa and C. indica belong understand exact mechanisms and signalling by to the Cannabaceae family. which cannabinoids function. ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS: The cannabis plant con- ADVERSE EFFECTS: Cannabinoids are considered to tains over 500 compounds including flavonoids, have a favourable safety profile.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Cannabinomics U.S
    MAGAZINE The Rise of Cannabinomics U.S. Medical Marijuana Empowers A Cannabis Laboratory Revolution Photo courtesy of Paul Winkler, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments 8 separation 2/2015 MAGAZINE Summary/Introduction (www.canncon.org), have emerged to bring can- peer-reviewed, scientific/medicinal journals and nabis laboratories together. assert that cannabis has “no accepted medical Cannabis quality control testing, vital to ensur- use”. They do this even though the US Depart- ing the safety of consumers of cannabis prod- Other Times I Can Barely See ment of Health and Human Services (HHS) was ucts, is in its infancy. This testing, however, is issued a US Patent entitled, “Cannabinoids as shedding light on a long-suppressed field of Despite the growth of both recreational and antioxidants and neuroprotectants” in 2003 [2]. cannabinomics. As more and more US states be- medical marijuana markets, there are numerous The greatest impact of the federal government’s come medicinally and recreationally cannabis- federal, financial, logistical and technical issues failure to reclassify marijuana from a DEA legal, this testing will improve, mature and open plaguing cannabis testing laboratories. Still fed- Schedule I drug is that research labs cannot in- the door to much more comprehensive cannabis erally illegal, marijuana is a Schedule I drug and vestigate cannabis health benefits because, research. The US is on the verge of a “green US laboratories cannot receive standards at con- marijuana simply cannot be legally obtained rush” and we believe humankind will benefit centrations higher than 1 mg/mL. From a federal and researchers risk raids and imprisonment. immensely from this cannabis revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabis Butane Hash Oil Dabbing Induced Lung Injury Mimicking Atypical Pneumonia
    Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7033 Cannabis Butane Hash Oil Dabbing Induced Lung Injury Mimicking Atypical Pneumonia Danica Stephens 1 , Jinal K. Patel 2 , Debra Angelo 2 , Johnathan Frunzi 2 1. Internal Medicine, Medical Center of Trinity, Odessa, USA 2. Internal Medicine, Medical Center of Trinity, Trinity, USA Corresponding author: Danica Stephens, [email protected] Abstract “Dabbing” is the inhalation of concentrated marijuana, usually in butane solvent. This case report illustrates a previously healthy 25-year-old caucasian male with a 10-year history of cannabis butane hash oil (BHO) use. The patient presented with dyspnea and cough. The evaluation included a chest x-ray, basic laboratory investigations, computerized tomography angiogram of the chest and echocardiogram. Patient was diagnosed with acute lung injury mimicking atypical pneumonia. He was treated with steroids and had clinically improved and advised to stop dabbing. Further studies are needed to elucidate the full spectrum of the adverse effects of dabbing. Categories: Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Epidemiology/Public Health Keywords: dabbing and lung injury Introduction “Dabbing” is a form of marijuana use that enables inhalation of high concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by heating butane hash oil (BHO) on a titanium nail mounted on a water pipe [1]. The nail is heated with a gas torch (which does not allow adequate temperature control) until glowing red, then cooled for a few seconds. A small amount of BHO is then placed on the hot surface, where it quickly vaporizes. The resulting condensate is then inhaled deeply in a single puff and held in the lungs for several seconds [1-3].
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabis (Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil)
    THEBASICS Cannabis (Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil) Do you know? What it is: • Cannabis is much stronger than it was even just a decade ago. Cannabis is a plant that contains the drug Plants are bred to have more THC. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) • Although cannabis is typically smoked, it can also be eaten. • After smoking, a person can feel the effects of THC Forms: within a few minutes and they usually last 3–4 hours. When eaten, a person may not feel the • Marijuana (pot, weed, grass, dope) – The dried effects for an hour or more, but they can last more leaves and flowers of the plant. than 24 hours. • The body’s fat cells store THC for a long time after • Hashish (hash) – A dried resin from the top of the stopping use – up to 6 weeks for regular daily users. plant. Often brown or black and “chunky” looking. • Smoke from a marijuana cigarette contains some of • Hash oil – It is sticky oil made from hashish. Can the same chemicals found in tobacco smoke that be brown, black, red or clear. It is often put in small are known to cause cancer. bottles or caps. (Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil) • Cannabis is an illegal recreational drug in Canada. It is against the law to possess any amount. • The medical use of marijuana is permitted CANNABIS Is it legal? in Canada in specific cases. A permit is required in order to possess or use marijuana for medical purposes. BASICS THE Continued on Back... afm.mb.ca Effects Short-Term: REMEMBER While using, a person may A person’s experience with any drug can vary.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Alert 13-1
    NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY OFFICE OF THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL SSAAFFEETTYY AALLEERRTT PO Box 809, Trenton, NJ 08625-0809 (609) 633-6070 SAFETY ALERT 13-1 Butane Hash Oil Extraction Hazards Issued January, 2013 Over the last few months, law enforcement agencies have noted a marked increase in calls for service related to the use of an improvised hash oil preparation method known within the marijuana user community as “BHO” or Butane Honey Oil extraction. Honey oil is a concentrated substance derived from Cannabis (Marijuana). The texture varies from crystal (gloss) amber to gold resin (smoother). Hash oil is a resinous mixture of cannabinoids produced by a solvent extraction of Cannabis. Hash oil is a concentrated product with a high tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content, the active ingredient in marijuana that produces the “high. Honey oil is a specific type of hash oil extracted with butane and is typically smoked. The process involves the use of an extractor tube, which can either be purchased commercially or homemade. The tube is typically made out of 1.75” diameter PVC pipe, steel pipe, glass or plastic and is usually about 1’ long. If PVC or metal pipe is used, end caps are also required. The finished appearance is similar to a pipe bomb. The extractor tube is filled with marijuana and a volatile solvent is injected into the top of the tube to extract a resinous mixture of cannabinoids. Individual solvents can include isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methyl alcohol, and butane or isobutene. The resin collects at the bottom of the extractor which is usually lined with a coffee filter or other suitable screen, then removed and heated to evaporate the remaining solvent and “purify” the end product.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Fact Sheet: Marijuana/Cannabis
    Marijuana/Cannabis WHAT IS MARIJUANA? What is its effect on the mind? Marijuana is a mind-altering (psychoactive) When marijuana is smoked, the active ingredient drug, produced by the Cannabis sativa plant. THC passes from the lungs and into the Marijuana has over 480 constituents. THC (delta- bloodstream, which carries the chemical to the 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is believed to be the main organs throughout the body, including the brain. ingredient that produces the psychoactive effect. In the brain, THC connects to specific sites called cannabinoid receptors on nerve cells and WHAT IS ITS ORIGIN? influences the activity of those cells. Marijuana is grown in the United States, Canada, Many of these receptors are found in the parts Mexico, South America, Caribbean, and Asia. of the brain that influence: It can be cultivated in both outdoor and indoor • Pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and settings. time perception, and coordinated movement What are common street names? The short-term effects of marijuana include: Common street names include: • Problems with memory and learning, distorted • Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Blunts, Boom, Chronic, Dope, perception, difficulty in thinking and problem-solving, Gangster, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Herb, Hydro, Indo, Joint, and loss of coordination Kif, Mary Jane, Mota, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Weed, and Yerba The effect of marijuana on perception and coordination are responsible for serious What does it look like? impairments in learning, associative processes, Marijuana is a dry, shredded green/brown mix and psychomotor behavior (driving abilities). of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves from the Long term, regular use can lead to physical Cannabis sativa plant.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cannabinoid Content of Legal Cannabis in Washington State Varies Systematically Across Testing Facilities and Popular Consum
    www.nature.com/scientificreports There are amendments to this paper OPEN The Cannabinoid Content of Legal Cannabis in Washington State Varies Systematically Across Received: 6 January 2018 Accepted: 28 February 2018 Testing Facilities and Popular Published: xx xx xxxx Consumer Products Nick Jikomes1 & Michael Zoorob2 The majority of adults in the U.S. now have state-legal access to medical or recreational cannabis products, despite their federal prohibition. Given the wide array of pharmacologically active compounds in these products, it is essential that their biochemical profle is measured and reported to consumers, which requires accurate laboratory testing. However, no universal standards for laboratory testing protocols currently exist, and there is controversy as to whether all reported results are legitimate. To investigate these concerns, we analyzed a publicly available seed-to-sale traceability dataset from Washington state containing measurements of the cannabinoid content of legal cannabis products from state-certifed laboratories. Consistent with previous work, we found that commercial Cannabis strains fall into three broad chemotypes defned by the THC:CBD ratio. Moreover, we documented systematic diferences in the cannabinoid content reported by diferent laboratories, relative stability in cannabinoid levels of commercial fower and concentrates over time, and diferences between popular commercial strains. Importantly, interlab diferences in cannabinoid reporting persisted even after controlling for plausible confounds. Our results underscore the need for standardized laboratory methodologies in the legal cannabis industry and provide a framework for quantitatively assessing laboratory quality. For millennia, Cannabis has been cultivated for medicinal, recreational, and industrial purposes1. Despite mount- ing evidence for the legitimate medical utility of cannabis products and their principal psychoactive constitu- ents2,3, they remain classifed as Schedule I controlled substances by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Marijuana  Recreational Marijuana
    Regulatory Laboratory Perspective on Colorado’s Cannabis Industry Keith Wegner, Laboratory Services Section Chief Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of any state agency nor those of any state officials. No legal or regulatory opinions or advice are being proffered and none should be intended nor inferred. Perspective on CO Cannabis 2 Background Colorado has three types of legalized Cannabis: Industrial Hemp Medical Marijuana Recreational Marijuana Perspective on CO Cannabis 3 Background Industrial Hemp - authorized in the US FARM Bill and State legislation enacted in 2013 [C.R.S. 35-61-101] Medical Marijuana – voter initiative approved in 2000; State Constitution - Amendment 20 [Article XVIII Section 14. Medical Use of Marijuana for Persons Suffering from Debilitating Medical Conditions] Recreational Marijuana - voter initiative approved in 2013; State Constitution - Amendment 64 [Article XVIII Section 16. Personal Use and Regulation of Marijuana (Recreational)] Perspective on CO Cannabis 4 Background Industrial Hemp – Regulated by the CO Department of Agriculture Medical Marijuana – Regulated by the CO Department of Public Health & Environment Recreational Marijuana- Regulated by the CO Department of Revenue Perspective on CO Cannabis 5 Background 2.9% State Sales Tax 15% State Retail Tax 15% Excise Tax County, District, Local Taxes 1.5 Billion dollar industry Estimated ~$200 million in state taxes & fees (2016) Perspective
    [Show full text]