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Looters Vs. Traitors: the Muqawama (“Resistance”) Narrative, and Its Detractors, in Contemporary Mauritania Elemine Ould Mohamed Baba and Francisco Freire
Looters vs. Traitors: The Muqawama (“Resistance”) Narrative, and its Detractors, in Contemporary Mauritania Elemine Ould Mohamed Baba and Francisco Freire Abstract: Since 2012, when broadcasting licenses were granted to various private television and radio stations in Mauritania, the controversy around the Battle of Um Tounsi (and Mauritania’s colonial past more generally) has grown substantially. One of the results of this unprecedented level of media freedom has been the prop- agation of views defending the Mauritanian resistance (muqawama in Arabic) to French colonization. On the one hand, verbal and written accounts have emerged which paint certain groups and actors as French colonial power sympathizers. At the same time, various online publications have responded by seriously questioning the very existence of a structured resistance to colonization. This article, drawing pre- dominantly on local sources, highlights the importance of this controversy in study- ing the western Saharan region social model and its contemporary uses. African Studies Review, Volume 63, Number 2 (June 2020), pp. 258– 280 Elemine Ould Mohamed Baba is Professor of History and Sociolinguistics at the University of Nouakchott, Mauritania (Ph.D. University of Provence (Aix- Marseille I); Fulbright Scholar resident at Northwestern University 2012–2013), and a Senior Research Consultant at the CAPSAHARA project (ERC-2016- StG-716467). E-mail: [email protected] Francisco Freire is an Anthropologist (Ph.D. Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2009) at CRIA–NOVA FCSH (Lisbon, Portugal). He is the Principal Investigator of the European Research Council funded project CAPSAHARA: Critical Approaches to Politics, Social Activism and Islamic Militancy in the Western Saharan Region (ERC-2016-StG-716467). -
Taoudeni Basin Report
Integrated and Sustainable Management of Shared Aquifer Systems and Basins of the Sahel Region RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION EDITORIAL NOTE This is not an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The content has not undergone an official review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA or its Member States. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the IAEA as to the legal status of such countries or territories, or their authorities and institutions, or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION REPORT OF THE IAEA-SUPPORTED REGIONAL TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN COUNTERPARTS: Mr Adnane Souffi MOULLA (Algeria) Mr Abdelwaheb SMATI (Algeria) Ms Ratoussian Aline KABORE KOMI (Burkina Faso) Mr Alphonse GALBANE (Burkina Faso) Mr Sidi KONE (Mali) Mr Aly THIAM (Mali) Mr Brahim Labatt HMEYADE (Mauritania) Mr Sidi Haiba BACAR (Mauritania) EXPERT: Mr Jean Denis TAUPIN (France) Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria, 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION Table of Contents 1. -
PIF) Entry – Full Sized Project – GEF - 7 Development of an Integrated System to Promote the Natural Capital in the Drylands of Mauritania
5/5/2020 WbgGefportal Project Identification Form (PIF) entry – Full Sized Project – GEF - 7 Development of an integrated system to promote the natural capital in the drylands of Mauritania Part I: Project Information GEF ID 10444 Project Type FSP Type of Trust Fund GET CBIT/NGI CBIT NGI Project Title Development of an integrated system to promote the natural capital in the drylands of Mauritania Countries Mauritania Agency(ies) IUCN Other Executing Partner(s) Executing Partner Type CNEOZA, Ministère de l'Environnement et du Développement Durable Government https://gefportal2.worldbank.org 1/51 5/5/2020 WbgGefportal GEF Focal Area Land Degradation Taxonomy Climate Change Adaptation, Climate Change, Focal Areas, Climate resilience, Livelihoods, Disaster risk management, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Drought Mitigation, Integrated and Cross-sectoral approach, Improved Soil and Water Management Techniques, Sustainable Livelihoods, Sustainable Pasture Management, Ecosystem Approach, Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands, Community-Based Natural Resource Management, Sustainable Agriculture, Income Generating Activities, Food Security, Land Degradation Neutrality, Land Productivity, Influencing models, Transform policy and regulatory environments, Strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making, Convene multi-stakeholder alliances, Private Sector, Stakeholders, Individuals/Entrepreneurs, Large corporations, SMEs, Beneficiaries, Non-Governmental Organization, Civil Society, Community Based Organization, Participation, -
Poverty and the Struggle to Survive in the Fuuta Tooro Region Of
What Development? Poverty and the Struggle to Survive in the Fuuta Tooro Region of Southern Mauritania Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Christopher Hemmig, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures. The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Sabra Webber, Advisor Morgan Liu Katey Borland Copyright by Christopher T. Hemmig 2015 Abstract Like much of Subsaharan Africa, development has been an ever-present aspect to postcolonial life for the Halpulaar populations of the Fuuta Tooro region of southern Mauritania. With the collapse of locally historical modes of production by which the population formerly sustained itself, Fuuta communities recognize the need for change and adaptation to the different political, economic, social, and ecological circumstances in which they find themselves. Development has taken on a particular urgency as people look for effective strategies to adjust to new realities while maintaining their sense of cultural identity. Unfortunately, the initiatives, projects, and partnerships that have come to fruition through development have not been enough to bring improvements to the quality of life in the region. Fuuta communities find their capacity to develop hindered by three macro challenges: climate change, their marginalized status within the Mauritanian national community, and the region's unfavorable integration into the global economy by which the local markets act as backwaters that accumulate the detritus of global trade. Any headway that communities can make against any of these challenges tends to be swallowed up by the forces associated with the other challenges. -
JWSR V10n3-Complete Issue
Expansions And Contractions: World-Historical Change And The Western Sudan World-System (1200/1000 B.C.–1200/1250 A.D.)* Ray A. Kea part one: history, chronologies, and the new archaeology Introduction By the 12t century a.d. the principal trading centers of the Western Sudan world-system—including Kawkaw/Gao, Tadmakka, Koumbi Saleh, and Tegdaoust/Awdaghast—possessed, in the words of the archaeologist Timothy Insoll, an “Islamic character.” He elaborates on this phenomenon: “Their plans indicate that they exhibit many of the characteristics of the Islamic city or town as is found within the wider Islamic world” (Insoll 1996: 43; also Mauny 1967). What history accounts for the Islamic character of these places, and what pro- cesses, events, and relations generated their development? Recent archaeologi- cal research in West Africa provides some answers. The present study offers a re-interpretation of Western Sudan history based on the recent archaeologi- cal research. Recent archaeology has generated a tremendous amount of new information pertaining to the cultural, economic, political, and social aspects of this history (Bedaux 1972; Vallées du Niger 1993; McIntosh 1995; Pelzer 2000; Ray A. Kea Department of History University of California at Riverside [email protected] http://history.ucr.edu/ * Th is article is a revision of a paper presented at a workshop of the University of California Multi-Campus Research Unit in World History, February –, , abstract: University of California, Irvine. I wish to thank the anonymous reviewer for her/his Archaeological evidence from West of a West African state system played a comments and suggestions. In addition, I wish to extend my gratitude to Ms Linda Africa suggests a process of relatively generative role in the world-historical Bobbitt for preparing the maps. -
Fiche Technique Mauritanie
www.point-afrique.com +33 (0)4 75 53 23 83 TICHITT, L’OUBLIÉE 4X4 15 JOURS / 14 NUITS ATAR/ ATAR Groupe de 6 à 12 voyageurs De l’Adrar au Tagant, 15 jours de musardise en 4x4 sur les traces des anciennes caravanes de sel entre Atar et Tichitt. Itinéraire inédit où le voyageur explore les paysages à la fois majestueux et austères du Tagant avant de redécouvrir l’Adrar et sa vallée blanche.. Pour la plupart des voyageurs, il y a peu de raisons de venir à Tichitt… Cette cité endormie, presque avalée par les sables, battue par les vents, coincée entre les roches et le désert du Tagant et l’interminable erg d’Aouker est la définition même d’une terre inhospitalière. Et pourtant, la vie continue à Tichitt. Le désert du Tagant, un des plus reculé de Mauritanie, vous attend dans ce voyage rare au coeur de l’ancien comptoir caravanier de Tichitt. Au départ de Chinguetti, les 4×4 s’élancent vers le sud en direction de l’oasis de Rachid avec l’incontournable halte à la guelta de Taoujafet. La traversée du Sahara mauritanien se poursuit d’ouest en est pour se rapprocher de l’erg d’Aouker et admirer l’incommensurable mer de dunes (certains chanceux ont eu l’occasion d’observer des gazelles dans cet espace protégé). Tichitt se dessine en contre bas du Dhar Tichitt, l’austérité des lieux souffle un sentiment de sérénité, seule l’agitation des femmes en pleine récolte de l’amersâl anime la sebkha. Le voyageur curieux s’adonne à la découverte des manuscrits séculaires aux enluminures délicates, apprécie l’architecture locale typique des ksour sahariens et s’enrichit surtout de la bienveillance des habitants. -
Bulletin D'information De L'autorité De Régulation
Bulletin d’Information de l’Autorité de Régulation Numéro 18, janvier 2010 Revue semestrielle prévue par l’article 12 de la loi 2001-18 Autorité de Régulation, BP 4908, Nouakchott, Tél. : (222) 529 12 70, 1241, Fax : (222) 529 1279 www.are.mr Sommaire Message du Président P 3 Etudes A- Economie et Concurrence Audit des coûts : résultats et perspectives P 4 Régulation postale en Mauritanie P 6 C– Technique Délégation du service public de l’électricité : obstacles et défis P 10 Production de l’énergie dans les localités déléguées P 12 Point de vue Résumé de la thèse du Badge - Interconnexion P 17 Dossier Délégation du service public : retour sur expérience P 21 Principes de la tarification de l’eau P 26 Informations : Actes de l’Autorité P 30 Bulletin d’Information de l’Autorité de régulation 2 Numéro 18, janvier 2010 Message du Président oins de trois ans après le démarrage de la délégation du service public de l’électricité et un an après ce démarrage de délégation au niveau de l’eau, plusieurs milliers de nos concitoyens vivant dans des localités souvent isolées ont aujourd’hui, par le biais de ce mode de gestion, accès à ces deux ressources indispensables. M Le partenariat public-privé retenu consiste à maintenir les infrastructures et la grosse maintenance dans le domaine de la puissance publique, et à transférer la gestion commerciale du service, ainsi que la maintenance légère à un délégataire privé, sélectionné par voie d’appel d’offres. Dix-sept, et bientôt vingt deux agglomérations ont déjà accès à l’énergie et près de soixante dix à l’eau potable. -
The View from Awdaghust: War, Trade and Social Change in the Southwestern Sahara, from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Century Author(S): E
The View from Awdaghust: War, Trade and Social Change in the Southwestern Sahara, from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Century Author(s): E. Ann McDougall Source: The Journal of African History, Vol. 26, No. 1 (1985), pp. 1-31 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/181836 Accessed: 03/10/2010 21:30 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cup. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of African History. http://www.jstor.org 3ournal of African History, 26 (I985), pp. -
Prevision De La Demande
PREVISION DE LA DEMANDE Mauritanie: Plan directeur de production et transport de l'énergie électrique en Mauritanie entre 2011 et 2030 - Rapport final Table des Matières Page 3. Prévision de la demande 1 3.1 Introduction 1 3.2 Développement démographique 2 3.2.1 Période 2000 - 2010 2 3.2.2 Période 2011 - 2030 3 3.3 Développement économique 4 3.3.1 L'objectif primordial - réduction de la pauvreté 4 3.3.2 Développement du PIB dans la période 1995 - 2010 4 3.3.3 Le secteur minier et le secteur de la pêche 6 3.3.3.1 Statistique de production 6 3.3.3.2 Secteur minier 7 3.3.3.3 Secteur de la pêche 7 3.3.4 Perspectives de développement 8 3.4 Demande d'électricité dans le passé 10 3.4.1 Cadre institutionnel 10 3.4.2 Ventes BT et MT de la SOMELEC dans la période 2000 - 2012 10 3.4.3 Période 2006 - 2012 : Abonnés BT et ventes BT 11 3.4.4 Période 2006 - 2012 : Abonnés MT et ventes MT 14 3.4.5 Résumé de la situation en 2010 20 3.4.6 Le secteur minier 21 3.5 Modèle de demande des localités déjà électrifiées 22 3.5.1 Développement du taux d'électrification 24 3.5.2 Développement de la demande spécifique des abonnés domestiques 25 3.5.2.1 Nouakchott et Nouadhibou 25 3.5.2.2 Autres localités 25 3.5.3 Développement de la demande des abonnés BT non domestiques 27 3.5.4 Développement de la demande MT 28 3.5.5 Demande en puissance (pointes annuelles) 29 3.6 Demande potentielle des localités NON électrifiées 30 3.7 Demande du secteur minier 33 3.8 Résultats 34 3.8.1 Localités déjà électrifiées en 2011 34 3.8.1.1 Demande en énergie électrique 34 3.8.1.2 Demande -
Mauritania's Campaign of Terror: State-Sponsored Repression of Black Africans
MAURITANIA'S CAMPAIGN OF TERROR State-Sponsored Repression of Black Africans Human Rights Watch/Africa (formerly Africa Watch) Human Rights Watch New York $ Washington $ Los Angeles $ London Copyright 8 April 1994 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 94-75822 ISBN: 1-56432-133-9 Human Rights Watch/Africa (formerly Africa Watch) Human Rights Watch/Africa is a non-governmental organization established in 1988 to monitor promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Africa. Abdullahi An- Na'im is the director; Janet Fleischman is the Washington representative; Karen Sorensen, Alex Vines, and Berhane Woldegabriel are research associates; Kimberly Mazyck and Urmi Shah are associates; Bronwen Manby is a consultant. William Carmichael is the chair of the advisory committee and Alice Brown is the vice-chair. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was written by Janet Fleischman, Washington representative of Human Rights Watch/Africa. It is based on three fact-finding missions to Senegal - - in May-June 1990, February-March 1991, and October-November 1993 -- as well as numerous interviews conducted in Paris, New York, and Washington. Human Rights Watch/Africa gratefully acknowledges the following staff members who assisted with editing and producing this report: Abdullahi An-Na'im; Karen Sorensen; and Kim Mazyck. In addition, we would like to thank Rakiya Omaar and Alex de Waal for their contributions. Most importantly, we express our sincere thanks to the many Mauritanians, most of whom must remain nameless for their own protection and that of their families, who provided invaluable assistance throughout this project. -
Atlantic Ocean
15°W 10°W 5°W El Aaiún Sahel Crisis: A t l a n t i c Mauritania O c e a n Reference Map A L G E R I A Ain Ben Tili ! Reference map illustrating administrative BIR MOGREIN boundaries, transport infrastructure and Bîr Mogreïn settlements. Guelta Zemmu!r ! N N ° ° 5 5 2 2 ^ Capital city (! Settlement TIRIS-ZEMMOU Railways Aguelt el Adam Primary roads W E S T E R N S A H A R A ! Admamtalmat Secondary roads ! F'DERIK Rivers Lakes Zouîrât Fdéri!k Taoudenni ZOUERATT Tourine Sahel region ! ! Jraifia District boundary Provincial boundary International boundary OUADANE 0 50 100 150 200 250 Port-Étienne Ouadane ! NOUADHIBOU ADRAR kilometres Ksar Trochane ATAR ! Scale 1:5,250,000 (at A3 size) Chinguetti DAKHLET-NOUADHIBOU ! Created: 14 Feb 2012 / 15:00 INCHIRI M A U R I T A N I A Map document: MA002_Reference-Mauritania-A3-v1 N N ° ° 0 AKJOUJT CHINGUITY 0 Projection / datum: Geographic / WGS84 2 2 GLIDE number: None issued Akjoujt Data sources: AOUJEFT Base data: Collins Bartholomew, DCW, Digital Chart of the World, Europa Technology, SALB, Wikipedia. OUALATA M A L I Araouane TICHITT TIDJIKJA Tidjikdja Tichit OUAD NAGA TAGANT ! NOUAKCHOTT TOUJOUNINE BOUTILIMIT HODH ECH CHARGI EL MINA Moudjéria ! MOUDJERIA TRARZA MAGHTA LAHJAR BOUMDEID Boutilimit ! Boumdeït ! BRAKNA Tamchaket Oualâta ! ! Aleg Kamor MEDERDRA ! TAMCHEKETT ALEG R'KIZ GUERROU Podor BARKEOL AIOUN Bogué KIFFA Néma KEUR-MACENEROSSORosso BOGHE BABABE Dagana MONGUEL ASSABA HODH EL GHARBI Awinat es Sbil Goundam Bababé ! NEMA The depiction and use of boundaries, names and Richard-toll Mboto El KseïbaGORGOL M'BAGNE ! BASSIKOUNOU associated data shown here do not imply endorsement Mbout TIMBEDRA or acceptance by MapAction. -
Mauritania ! Akjoujt O Faraoun Aguilal ! ! ! AKJOUJT Casba Des ATLANTIC OCEAN Aït Maouin ! El Mamghar
!ho ! ! ! !(!! !( !(!( ! !(!(!( ! h !(! ! ! ! !! h! o ! o!( o ! 20°0'0"W 15°0'0"W Hagunía 10°0'0"W 5°0'0"W El Djedid 0°0'0" Daora ! ! Khraybichat HASSAN I !(o ! Mahbés ! ! !Tazoult LAAYOUNE El Aaiún !h ! Echdera Sali ! SMo ARA Anzeglouf ! o ! Lemsid ! Metmárfag ! Bu Craa Tifarita ! Ain Ben Tili ! Chenachan ! ! 'Aïn Ben Tili Algeria BIR MOGHREIN ! Chegga o ! Bîr Mogreïn 25°0'0"N 25°0'0"N Western Sahara ! Crampel ! Oum Dreyga ! Anzarane DAKHLA o Tiris Zemmour !h!( DAJLA !Villa Cisneros ! Aguelt el Adam ! Admamtalmat ZOUERAT Fdérik o o ! ! Zouîrât ! ! Auserd FDERIK ! Tourine Jraifia Agüenit ! Bir Tichla Sug ! Gandús ! ! o ! Agui NOUADHIBOU o ! Port-Étienne ! Ouadane Adrar Cansado ! !h Dakhlet Nouadhibou Jraïf ! Ksar Trochane NOUADHIBOU ! Azougui ! Mali Ata!r !(!(o ATAR ! ! Taïzent ! Tachot Chinguetti Inchiri !Terjit Toungat ! !Oujeft 20°0'0"N El Medda 20°0'0"N ! Mauritania ! Akjoujt o Faraoun Aguilal ! ! ! AKJOUJT Casba des ATLANTIC OCEAN Aït Maouin ! El Mamghar Lemhaisrat ! Taoujafet ! ! Tiouilit ! Rachid Tagant o TIDJIKJA TICHITT Tidjikdja! o ! ! Tichit Ksar el Barka Nouakchott Hodh Ech Chargui Nouakchott NOUAKCHOTT INTL h !(o NOUAKCHOTT .!! Trarza Moudjéria ! ! Sérotandi o MOUDJERIA o Boutilimit ! Tiourébougou ! ! Tamxat ! Nimjad ! BOUTILIMIT Boumdeït ! o Kourouma !Hassi Guenderes TAMCHAKETT Oualâta ! ! ! ! Tiguent Nbâk Tamchaket Aleg ! Kamor ! !Oulad Melzem Barouk Brakna Talha ! ! Mederdra PODOR ! AIOUN EL ATROUSS Tombouctou Ouska ! El Abdé Assaba ! o Dar el Barka Keur Nala ! Ao BBAYE ! NEMA o TOMBOUCTOU Lahouvich ! Diahoulel ! Kiffa