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Brazil If Lived There DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A SECTION 2 Brazil If lived there... TEKS 1A, 2B, 3B, 4D, YOU 15D, 21A, 21C You live in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s second-largest city. For months What You Will Learn… your friends have been preparing for Carnival, the year’s biggest holiday. During Carnival, people perform in glittery costumes and Main Ideas there is dancing all day and all night in the streets. The city is packed 1. Brazil’s history has been affected by Brazilian Indians, with tourists. It can be fun, but it is hectic! Your family is thinking of Portuguese settlers, and leaving Rio during Carnival so they can get some peace and quiet, enslaved Africans. 2. Brazil’s society reflects a mix but you may stay in Rio with a friend if you like. of people and cultures. 3. Brazil today is experiencing Would you stay for Carnival? Why or why not? population growth in its cities and new development in rain forest areas. BUILDING BACKGROUND Carnival is a tradition that is not unique The Big Idea to Brazil, but it has come to symbolize certain parts of Brazilian The influence of Brazil’s culture. Brazilian culture differs from cultures in the rest of South history can be seen all over America in many ways. Brazil’s unique history in the region is the country in its people and culture. responsible for most of the cultural differences. Key Terms and Places São Paulo, p. 262 History megacity, p. 262 Brazil is the largest country in South America. Its population Rio de Janeiro, p. 262 of more than 188 million is larger than the population of all of favelas, p. 263 the other South American countries combined. Most Brazilians Brasília, p. 263 Manaus, p. 263 are descended from three diverse groups of people whose expe- riences have contributed in different ways throughout Brazil’s history. Colonial Brazil Use the graphic organizer online to The first people in Brazil were American Indians. They arrived in take notes on Brazil. the region many thousands of years ago and developed a way of life based on hunting, fishing, and small-scale farming. In 1500 Portuguese explorers became the first Europeans to find Brazil. Soon Portuguese settlers began to move there. Good climates and soils, particularly in the northeast, made Brazil a large sugar-growing colony. Colonists brought a third group of people—Africans—to work as slaves on the plantations. Sugar plantations made Portugal rich, but they also eventually replaced forests along the Atlantic coast. 260 CHAPTER 11 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Other parts of Brazil also contributed People and Culture to the colonial economy. Inland, many The people who came to Brazil over the Portuguese settlers created cattle ranches. years brought their own traditions. These In the late 1600s and early 1700s, people traditions blended to create a unique discovered gold and precious gems in the Brazilian culture. southeast. A mining boom drew people to Brazil from around the world. Finally, in People the late 1800s southeastern Brazil became More than half of Brazilians consider them- a major coffee-producing region. FOCUS ON selves of European descent. These people READING include descendants of original Portuguese What context Brazil Since Independence clues in this settlers along with descendants of more Brazil gained independence from Portugal paragraph help recent immigrants from Spain, Germany, you understand without a fight in 1822. However, inde- the meaning of Italy, and Poland. Nearly 40 percent of pendence did not change Brazil’s economy descent? Brazil’s people are of mixed African and much. For example, Brazil was the last European descent. Brazil also has the largest country in the Americas to end slavery. Japanese population outside of Japan. Since the end of Portuguese rule, Brazil Because of its colonial heritage, Brazil’s has been governed at times by dictators and official language is Portuguese. In fact, at other times by elected officials. Today since Brazil’s population is so huge, there the country has an elected president and are more Portuguese-speakers in South legislature. Brazilians can participate in America than there are Spanish-speakers, politics through voting. even though Spanish is spoken in almost READING CHECK Summarizing What was every other country on the continent. Brazil’s colonial economy like? Other Brazilians speak Spanish, English, French, Japanese, or native languages. FOCUS ON CULTURE Soccer in Brazil To Brazilians, soccer is more than a game. It is part of being Brazilian. Professional stars are national heroes. The national team often plays in Rio de Janeiro, home of the world’s largest soccer stadium. Some fans beat drums all through the games. But it is not just professional soccer that is popular. People all over Brazil play soccer—in cleared fields, on the beach, or in the street. Here, boys in Rio practice their skills. Analyzing Why do you think soccer is so popular in Brazil? ATLANTIC SOUTH AMERICA 261 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Regions of Brazil Brazil’s regions differ from each other in their people, climates, economies, and landscapes. ANALYZING VISUALS Which region appears to be the wealthiest? The southeast has the country’s largest cit- ies, such as Rio de Janeiro. ReligionMG7FVS asamap007a Brazil Today HRW-MS Geography Maps BrazilRegions ofhas Brazil the largest population of Roman Brazil’s large size creates opportunities and Locate It! CatholicsFinal pass--6/27/05 of any country in the world. challenges for the country. For example, About 75 percent of Brazilians are Catholic. Brazil has the largest economy in South In recent years Protestantism has grown in America and has modern and wealthy popularity, particularly among the urban areas. However, many Brazilians are poor. poor. Some Brazilians practice macumba While some of the same issues and (mah-KOOM-bah), a religion that combines characteristics can be found throughout beliefs and practices of African and Indian Brazil, other characteristics are unique to religions with Christianity. a particular region of the country. We can divide Brazil into four regions based on Festivals and Food ACADEMIC their people, economies, and landscapes. VOCABULARY Other aspects of Brazilian life also reflect aspects parts the country’s mix of cultures. For example, The Southeast Brazilians celebrate Carnival before the Most people in Brazil live in the southeast. Christian season of Lent. The celebration São Paulo is located there. Almost 19 mil- mixes traditions from Africa, Brazil, and lion people live in and around São Paulo. It Europe. During Carnival, Brazilians dance is the largest urban area in South America the samba, which was adapted from an and the fourth largest in the world. São African dance. Paulo is considered a megacity, or a giant Immigrant influences can also be found urban area that includes surrounding cities in Brazilian foods. In parts of the country, and suburbs. an African seafood dish called vatapá (vah- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s second-largest tah-PAH) is popular. Many Brazilians also city, lies northeast of São Paulo. Almost enjoy eating feijoada (fay-ZHWAH-dah), a 12 million people live there. The city was stew of black beans and meat. the capital of Brazil from 1822 until 1960. Today Rio de Janeiro remains a major port READING CHECK Analyzing How has cultural city. Its spectacular setting and exciting borrowing affected Brazilian culture? culture are popular with tourists. 262 CHAPTER 11 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A About one third of Brazilians live in the dry R ivers provide resources and transportation for northeast, the nation’s poorest region. people living in the Amazon region. In addition to having the largest cities, The Interior the southeast is also Brazil’s richest region. The interior region of Brazil is a frontier It is rich in natural resources and has most land. Its abundant land and mild climate of the country’s industries and productive could someday make it an important area farmland. It is one of the major coffee- for agriculture. For now, few people live in growing regions of the world. this region, except for those who reside in Although the southeast has a strong the country’s capital, Brasília. economy, it also has poverty. Cities in the In the mid-1950s government officials region have huge slums called favelas (fah- hoped that building a new capital city in VE-lahz). Many people who live in favelas the Brazilian interior would help develop have come to cities of the southeast from the region. Brasília has modern buildings other regions of Brazil in search of jobs. and busy highways. More than 2 million people live in Brasília, although it was orig- The Northeast inally designed for only 500,000. Immigrants to Brazil’s large cities often come from the northeast, which is Brazil’s The Amazon poorest region. Many people there cannot The Amazon region covers the north- read, and health care is poor. The region ern part of Brazil. Manaus, which lies often suffers from droughts, which make 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from the mouth of farming and raising livestock difficult. The the Amazon, is a major port and industrial northeast has also had difficulty attracting city. More than 1 million people live there. industry. However, the region’s beautiful They rely on the river for transportation beaches do attract tourists. and communication. Other tourist attractions in northeast- Isolated Indian villages are scattered ern Brazil are the region’s many old colonial throughout the region’s dense rain forest.
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