DOCSLIB.ORG

Reflective Embedding of Domain-Specific Languages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reflective Embedding of Domain-Specific Languages Reflective Embedding of Domain-Specific Languages Vom Fachbereich Informatik der Technischen Universität Darmstadt genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) vorgelegt von Dipl.-Inform. Tom Dinkelaker geboren in Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland Referent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mira Mezini Korreferent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Hirschfeld Datum der Einreichung: 26.11.2010 Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 10.12.2010 Erscheinungsjahr 2011 Darmstadt D17 Abstract In the recent years, there is an increasing interest for new programming languages that are spe- cial for certain problem domains – so-called domain-specific languages [MHS05]. A domain- specific language (DSL) provides a syntax and semantics for a particular class of problems. When writing code in a DSL, its concrete syntax enables higher end-user productivity [MHS05, KLP+08] because the syntax is closer to the problem domain than the syntax of a general- purpose language (GPL). However, implementing a new programming language is expensive, because language developers need to design and develop a new syntax and semantics. Because of these high initial costs, stakeholders desist from implementing a new DSL from scratch. To lower the initial costs of developing a DSL, there is the idea to embed a language into an existing language [Lan66, Hud96, Hud98, Kam98]. The existing language—often a general- purpose language—acts as a host language for the guest language that is embedded into the host as a library. Such an embedded language reuses the general-purpose features of the host language. Consequently, this reduces the development costs of the embedded language by reusing these features and by reusing the existing host language infrastructure [Hud98, Kam98, KLP+08], i.e., its development tools, parser, compiler, and/or virtual machine. Furthermore, new language features can be incrementally added to the embedded language by “simply” ex- tending its library [Hud96]. Indeed, there is a comparative study [KLP+08] that shows that embedding requires significant lower investments to implement a new language compared to traditional non-embedded approaches. However, existing language embedding approaches have several important limitations w.r.t. the features that are usually supported by non-embedded approaches. First and foremost, most em- bedding approaches and host languages lack support for designing a concrete syntax for an embedded language. Second, current approaches do not allow embedding special language se- mantics that the embedded language needs but that conflict the host semantics. Third, there is no support for embedding multiple languages that have interactions in their syntax and semantics. The lack of support for these features in current embedding approaches mostly stem from their restrictions to adapt constructs in embedded languages and host languages. To address these limitations, this thesis proposes the reflective embedding architecture that embeds languages into reflective host languages. A reflective language is a special programming language with support for reflection that enables programs to reason about their structure and behavior. Specifically, there is support for introspection that allows analyzing programs, and support for intercession that allows transforming programs. Using reflection helps overcoming current limitations of language embedding, since it enables evolution of embedded languages by analyzing and transforming their libraries. iii The reflective embedding architecture itself defines a process how to embed a language’s syn- tax and semantics as a set of artifacts. Every language is an encapsulated component that has a set of well-defined interfaces. The classes of the embedding implement these interfaces to define the details of the execution semantics for that language component. In addition, the architecture enables embedding of language compositions, scoping strategies, domain-specific analyses and transformations. What is special in the architecture is that every language component implicitly has a meta level. When necessary, the language developers can use this meta level to evolve embeddings, which enables a number of benefits. First, in contrast to other embedded approaches, the reflective embedding architecture enables support for concrete syntax for embedded languages without high initial syntax costs. For an embedded language, developers can annotate its library with meta data for rewriting DSL pro- grams in concrete syntax into a corresponding executable form. By using a special technique for agile grammar specification, called island grammars [Moo01], developers only need to specify those parts of the embedded language’s grammar that deviate from the grammar of the host lan- guage. Island grammars help significantly reducing the initial syntax costs, while supporting the full class of context-free grammars. Second, the meta level enables support for composition of languages with interactions in their syntax and semantics. On the one hand, the architecture provides special language combiners that analyze and compose the syntax of all embedded languages in a composition. On the other hand, there are language combiners that transform embedded languages so that they can interact at well-defined points in their evaluation logic. By allowing interacting compositions, the archi- tecture enables embedding special language abstractions that facilitate end user programmers to implement more modular programs. Third, the meta level enables embedding languages that interact with their host languages. The meta level uses reflective features to interact with the evaluation of host language constructs in order to change the host’s semantics. Only when the host semantics can be changed, developers can embed sophisticated DSLs. To review the reflective embedding architecture, this thesis conducts a qualitative and quan- titative evaluation of the proposed concepts. First, to qualitatively evaluate the concepts of this thesis, the evaluation reviews the support of the reflective embedding architecture for supporting a set of desirable properties and compares its support to related work. Second, to quantitatively evaluate the concepts, the evaluation compares to embedded and non-embedded approaches us- ing benchmarks. The results show that the architecture’s flexibility only comes with moderately increased runtime costs. iv Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren gibt es ein zunehmendes Interesse an neuen Programmiersprachen, die auf bestimmte Problemdomänen spezialisiert sind, so genannte domänenspezifische Sprachen [MHS05] (engl. domain-specific languages, DSLs). DSLs stellen eine spezielle Syn- tax und Semantik zur Lösung einer bestimmten Klasse von Problemen zur Verfügung. Wenn Programme mit einer DSL entwickelt werden, erlaubt ihre konkrete Syntax eine höhere Pro- duktivität des Endanwenders [MHS05, KLP+08], da ihre Syntax näher an der Problemdomäne ist als die Syntax einer allgemeinen Sprache (engl. general-purpose language, GPL). Jedoch ist die Implementierung einer neuen Programmiersprache kostenintensiv, da Sprachentwickler eine Syntax und Semantik entwerfen und umsetzen müssen. Wegen dieser hohen initialen Kosten sehen viele davon ab eine neue DSL zu implementieren und einzusetzen. Um die initialen Kosten für DSLs zu minimieren, gibt es den Ansatz eine DSL in eine vorhandene Sprache einzubetten [Lan66, Hud96, Hud98, Kam98]. Dabei wird die Syntax und Semantik der eingebetteten Sprache in Form einer Bibliothek in dieser Sprache beschrieben. Die vorhandene Sprache fungiert dabei als eine Wirtssprache für die DSL, die als Gast- sprache in die Wirtssprache eingebettet wird. Durch die Einbettung können Gastsprachen die allgemeinen Sprachkonstrukte der Wirtssprache wieder verwenden, was Entwicklungskosten einspart [Hud98, Kam98, KLP+08]. Zusätzlich erlaubt die Einbettung die Wiederverwendung der bestehenden Sprachinfrastruktur, wie z.B. den Entwicklungswerkzeugen, dem Parser, dem Compiler und der virtuellen Laufzeitumgebung. Neue Sprachkonstrukte können bei Bedarf durch Erweiterungen der entsprechenden Bibliotheken [Hud96] hinzugefügt werden. Eine ver- gleichende Studie [KLP+08] zeigt, dass durch Einbettung die Entwicklungskosten für die Im- plementierung neuer Sprachen, im Vergleich zu traditionellen nicht eingebetten Sprachentwick- lungsansätzen, signifikant reduziert werden können. Trotz dieser Vorteile gibt es für bestehende Ansätze zur Spracheneinbettung wichtige Ein- schränkungen bezüglich der Unterstützung für Spracheigenschaften, die normalerweise von nicht eingebetten Ansätzen unterstützt werden. In erster Linie gibt es bei bestehenden Ansätzen zur Einbettung in den meisten verwendeten Wirtssprachen keine Unterstützung für die freie Gestaltung der konkreten Syntax für die eingebettete Gastsprache [KLP+08]. Beim Einbetten der Gastsprache in die Wirtssprache müssen die Ausdrücke der Gastsprache mit der Syntax der Wirtssprache übereinstimmen. Zweitens ist die Sprachsemantik, die eine Gastsprache haben kann, durch die vorgegebene Sprachsemantik der Wirtssprache eingeschränkt. Drittens gibt es keine Unterstützung für spezielle Kompositionen von mehreren DSLs, die Interaktionen in ihrer Syntax und Semantik haben. Diese Einschränkungen sind vorallem auf die mangelnde Anpass- barkeit von Konstrukten in eingebetteten Sprachen und Hostsprachen zurückzuführen. v Um diese Probleme anzugehen, schlägt die vorliegende Arbeit die Reflective Embedding Ar- chitecture vor, die es ermöglicht Gastsprachen in reflexive Wirtssprachen einzubetten.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MANNING Greenwich (74° W
    Object Oriented Perl Object Oriented Perl DAMIAN CONWAY MANNING Greenwich (74° w. long.) For electronic browsing and ordering of this and other Manning books, visit http://www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact: Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. 32 Lafayette Place Fax: (203) 661-9018 Greenwich, CT 06830 email: [email protected] ©2000 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Conway, Damian, 1964- Object oriented Perl / Damian Conway. p. cm. includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-884777-79-1 (alk. paper) 1. Object-oriented programming (Computer science) 2. Perl (Computer program language) I. Title. QA76.64.C639 1999 005.13'3--dc21 99-27793 CIP Manning Publications Co. Copyeditor: Adrianne Harun 32 Lafayette
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on the Effect of Multiple Inheritance Mechanism in Java, C++, and Python on Complexity and Reusability of Code
    (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2017 A Comparative Study on the Effect of Multiple Inheritance Mechanism in Java, C++, and Python on Complexity and Reusability of Code Fawzi Albalooshi Amjad Mahmood Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science University of Bahrain University of Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain Abstract—Two of the fundamental uses of generalization in Booch, there are two problems associated with multiple object-oriented software development are the reusability of code inheritance and they are how to deal with name collisions from and better structuring of the description of objects. Multiple super classes, and how to handle repeated inheritance. He inheritance is one of the important features of object-oriented presents solutions to these two problems. Other researchers [4] methodologies which enables developers to combine concepts and suggest that there is a real need for multiple inheritance for increase the reusability of the resulting software. However, efficient object implementation. They justify their claim multiple inheritance is implemented differently in commonly referring to the lack of multiple subtyping in the ADA 95 used programming languages. In this paper, we use Chidamber revision which was considered as a deficiency that was and Kemerer (CK) metrics to study the complexity and rectified in the newer version [5]. It is clear that multiple reusability of multiple inheritance as implemented in Python, inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-orientation. The Java, and C++. The analysis of results suggests that out of the three languages investigated Python and C++ offer better ability to incorporate multiple inheritance in system design and reusability of software when using multiple inheritance, whereas implementation will better structure the description of objects Java has major deficiencies when implementing multiple modeling, their natural status and enabling further code reuse inheritance resulting in poor structure of objects.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixins and Traits
    ◦ ◦◦◦ TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT¨ MUNCHEN¨ ◦◦◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦◦◦ ¨ ¨ ◦ ◦◦ FAKULTAT FUR INFORMATIK Programming Languages Mixins and Traits Dr. Michael Petter Winter 2016/17 What advanced techiques are there besides multiple implementation inheritance? Outline Design Problems Cons of Implementation Inheritance 1 Inheritance vs Aggregation 1 2 (De-)Composition Problems Lack of finegrained Control 2 Inappropriate Hierarchies Inheritance in Detail A Focus on Traits 1 A Model for single inheritance 1 2 Inheritance Calculus with Separation of Composition and Inheritance Expressions Modeling 2 3 Modeling Mixins Trait Calculus Mixins in Languages Traits in Languages 1 (Virtual) Extension Methods 1 Simulating Mixins 2 Squeak 2 Native Mixins Reusability ≡ Inheritance? Codesharing in Object Oriented Systems is often inheritance-centric. Inheritance itself comes in different flavours: I single inheritance I multiple inheritance All flavours of inheritance tackle problems of decomposition and composition The Adventure Game Door ShortDoor LockedDoor canPass(Person p) canOpen(Person p) ? ShortLockedDoor canOpen(Person p) canPass(Person p) The Adventure Game Door <interface>Doorlike canPass(Person p) canOpen(Person p) Short canPass(Person p) Locked canOpen(Person p) ShortLockedDoor ! Aggregation & S.-Inheritance Door must explicitely provide canOpen(Person p) chaining canPass(Person p) Doorlike must anticipate wrappers ) Multiple Inheritance X The Wrapper FileStream SocketStream read() read() write() write() ? SynchRW acquireLock() releaseLock() ! Inappropriate Hierarchies
    [Show full text]
  • BERKELEY LOGO 6.1 Berkeley Logo User Manual
    BERKELEY LOGO 6.1 Berkeley Logo User Manual Brian Harvey i Short Contents 1 Introduction :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 Data Structure Primitives::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 3 Communication :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 4 Arithmetic :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29 5 Logical Operations ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 35 6 Graphics:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 37 7 Workspace Management ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 49 8 Control Structures :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 67 9 Macros ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 83 10 Error Processing ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 87 11 Special Variables ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 89 12 Internationalization ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 93 INDEX :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 97 iii Table of Contents 1 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1 Overview ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.2 Getter/Setter Variable Syntax :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.3 Entering and Leaving Logo ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 1.4 Tokenization:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 2 Data Structure Primitives :::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.1 Constructors ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 word ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 list ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 sentence :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 fput ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
    [Show full text]
  • Using Computer Programming As an Effective Complement To
    Using Computer Programming as an Effective Complement to Mathematics Education: Experimenting with the Standards for Mathematics Practice in a Multidisciplinary Environment for Teaching and Learning with Technology in the 21st Century By Pavel Solin1 and Eugenio Roanes-Lozano2 1University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA. Founder and Director of NCLab (http://nclab.com). 2Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar & Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y Matemáticas, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, c/ Rector Royo Villanova s/n, 28040 – Madrid, Spain. [email protected], [email protected] Received: 30 September 2018 Revised: 12 February 2019 DOI: 10.1564/tme_v27.3.03 Many mathematics educators are not aware of a strong 2. KAREL THE ROBOT connection that exists between the education of computer programming and mathematics. The reason may be that they Karel the Robot is a widely used educational have not been exposed to computer programming. This programming language which was introduced by Richard E. connection is worth exploring, given the current trends of Pattis in his 1981 textbook Karel the Robot: A Gentle automation and Industry 4.0. Therefore, in this paper we Introduction to the Art of Computer Programming (Pattis, take a closer look at the Common Core's eight Mathematical 1995). Let us note that Karel the Robot constitutes an Practice Standards. We show how each one of them can be environment related to Turtle Geometry (Abbelson and reinforced through computer programming. The following diSessa, 1981), but is not yet another implementation, as will discussion is virtually independent of the choice of a be detailed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment A
    Board of Governors, State University System of Florida Request to Offer a New Degree Program (Please do not revise this proposal format without prior approval from Board staff) University of West Florida Fall 2018 University Submitting Proposal Proposed Implementation Term Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering Computer Science Name of College(s) or School(s) Name of Department(s)/ Division(s) Bachelor of Science in Computer Computer Science Science Academic Specialty or Field Complete Name of Degree 11.0701 Proposed CIP Code The submission of this proposal constitutes a commitment by the university that, if the proposal is approved, the necessary financial resources and the criteria for establishing new programs have been met prior to the initiation of the program. Date Approved by the University Board of President Date Trustees Signature of Chair, Board of Date Provost and Senior Vice Date Trustees President Provide headcount (HC) and full-time equivalent (FTE) student estimates of majors for Years 1 through 5. HC and FTE estimates should be identical to those in Table 1 in Appendix A. Indicate the program costs for the first and the fifth years of implementation as shown in the appropriate columns in Table 2 in Appendix A. Calculate an Educational and General (E&G) cost per FTE for Years 1 and 5 (Total E&G divided by FTE). Projected Implementation Projected Program Costs Enrollment Timeframe (From Table 2) (From Table 1) E&G Contract E&G Auxiliary Total HC FTE Cost per & Grants Funds Funds Cost FTE Funds Year 1 150 96.87 3,241 313,960 0 0 313,960 Year 2 150 96.87 Year 3 160 103.33 Year 4 160 103.33 Year 5 170 109.79 3,426 376,087 0 0 376,087 1 Note: This outline and the questions pertaining to each section must be reproduced within the body of the proposal to ensure that all sections have been satisfactorily addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixin-Based Programming in C++1
    Mixin-Based Programming in C++1 Yannis Smaragdakis Don Batory College of Computing Department of Computer Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology The University of Texas at Austin Atlanta, GA 30332 Austin, Texas 78712 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract. Combinations of C++ features, like inheritance, templates, and class nesting, allow for the expression of powerful component patterns. In particular, research has demonstrated that, using C++ mixin classes, one can express lay- ered component-based designs concisely with efficient implementations. In this paper, we discuss pragmatic issues related to component-based programming using C++ mixins. We explain surprising interactions of C++ features and poli- cies that sometimes complicate mixin implementations, while other times enable additional functionality without extra effort. 1 Introduction Large software artifacts are arguably among the most complex products of human intellect. The complexity of software has led to implementation methodologies that divide a problem into manageable parts and compose the parts to form the final prod- uct. Several research efforts have argued that C++ templates (a powerful parameteriza- tion mechanism) can be used to perform this division elegantly. In particular, the work of VanHilst and Notkin [29][30][31] showed how one can implement collaboration-based (or role-based) designs using a certain templatized class pattern, known as a mixin class (or just mixin). Compared to other techniques (e.g., a straightforward use of application frameworks [17]) the VanHilst and Notkin method yields less redundancy and reusable components that reflect the structure of the design. At the same time, unnecessary dynamic binding can be eliminated, result- ing into more efficient implementations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Circle Meta-Model
    Document:P2062R0 Revises: (original) Date: 01-11-2020 Audience: SG7 Authors: Wyatt Childers ([email protected]) ​ ​ Andrew Sutton ([email protected]) ​ ​ Faisal Vali ([email protected]) Daveed Vandevoorde ([email protected]) The Circle Meta-model Introduction During the November 2019 meeting in Belfast, some of the SG7 participants enthusiastically mentioned Circle1 as providing a more intuitive compile-time programming model and suggested that SG7 investigate overhauling the de-facto SG7 approach (P1240+P17332) to follow Circle's ​ ​ ​ general approach (to reflection and metaprogramming). This paper describes a framework for understanding metaprogramming systems and provides a high-level overview of some of Circle's main characteristics, contrasting them to P1240's ​ ​ approach augmented with an injection mechanism along the lines of P1717. ​ ​ While we appreciate some of Circle’s powerful capabilities, we also raise some concerns with its underlying model and provide arguments in support of P1240’s choices as being a more ​ ​ suitable fit for C++’s evolution. The Dimensions of Reflective Programming In P0633, we identified three “dimensions” of compile-time reflective metaprogramming: ​ ​ 1. Control: How are compile-time computations effected/interpreted? What are metaprograms? 2. Reflection: How are source constructs are made available as data for use in metaprograms? 3. Synthesis: How can “code” be generated from a programmatic representation? 1 https://www.circle-lang.org/ Circle is an impressive project: Sean Baxter developed a brand new ​ ​ C++17-like front end on top of LLVM, incorporating a variety of new compile-time capabilities that align closely with SG7's goals. For Sean’s motivations, see https://github.com/seanbaxter/circle/blob/master/examples/README.md#why-i-wrote-circle.
    [Show full text]
  • Comp 411 Principles of Programming Languages Lecture 19 Semantics of OO Languages
    Comp 411 Principles of Programming Languages Lecture 19 Semantics of OO Languages Corky Cartwright Mar 10-19, 2021 Overview I • In OO languages, OO data values (except for designated non-OO types) are special records [structures] (finite mappings from names to values). In OO parlance, the components of record are called members. • Some members of an object may be functions called methods. Methods take this (the object in question) as an implicit parameter. Some OO languages like Java also support static methods that do not depend on this; these methods have no implicit parameters. In efficient OO language implementations, method members are shared since they are the same for all instances of a class, but this sharing is an optimization in statically typed OO languages since the collection of methods in a class is immutable during program evaluation (computation). • A method (instance method in Java) can only be invoked on an object (the receiver, an implicit parameter). Additional parameters are optional, depending on whether the method expects them. This invocation process is called dynamic dispatch because the executed code is literally extracted from the object: the code invoked at a call site depends on the value of the receiver, which can change with each execution of the call. • A language with objects is OO if it supports dynamic dispatch (discussed in more detail in Overview II & III) and inheritance, an explicit taxonomy for classifying objects based on their members and class names where superclass/parent methods are inherited unless overridden. • In single inheritance, this taxonomy forms a tree; • In multiple inheritance, it forms a rooted DAG (directed acyclic graph) where the root class is the universal class (Object in Java).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Studies of Programming Languages; Course Lecture Notes
    Comparative Studies of Programming Languages, COMP6411 Lecture Notes, Revision 1.9 Joey Paquet Serguei A. Mokhov (Eds.) August 5, 2010 arXiv:1007.2123v6 [cs.PL] 4 Aug 2010 2 Preface Lecture notes for the Comparative Studies of Programming Languages course, COMP6411, taught at the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. These notes include a compiled book of primarily related articles from the Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [24], as well as Comparative Programming Languages book [7] and other resources, including our own. The original notes were compiled by Dr. Paquet [14] 3 4 Contents 1 Brief History and Genealogy of Programming Languages 7 1.1 Introduction . 7 1.1.1 Subreferences . 7 1.2 History . 7 1.2.1 Pre-computer era . 7 1.2.2 Subreferences . 8 1.2.3 Early computer era . 8 1.2.4 Subreferences . 8 1.2.5 Modern/Structured programming languages . 9 1.3 References . 19 2 Programming Paradigms 21 2.1 Introduction . 21 2.2 History . 21 2.2.1 Low-level: binary, assembly . 21 2.2.2 Procedural programming . 22 2.2.3 Object-oriented programming . 23 2.2.4 Declarative programming . 27 3 Program Evaluation 33 3.1 Program analysis and translation phases . 33 3.1.1 Front end . 33 3.1.2 Back end . 34 3.2 Compilation vs. interpretation . 34 3.2.1 Compilation . 34 3.2.2 Interpretation . 36 3.2.3 Subreferences . 37 3.3 Type System . 38 3.3.1 Type checking . 38 3.4 Memory management .
    [Show full text]
  • Sub-Method Structural and Behavioral Reflection Marcus Denker
    Sub-method Structural and Behavioral Reflection Marcus Denker To cite this version: Marcus Denker. Sub-method Structural and Behavioral Reflection. Computer Science [cs]. Universität Bern, 2008. English. tel-00555937 HAL Id: tel-00555937 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555937 Submitted on 14 Jan 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Sub-method Structural and Behavioral Reflection Inauguraldissertation der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern vorgelegt von Marcus Denker von Deutschland Leiter der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. O. Nierstrasz Institut für Informatik und angewandte Mathematik Von der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät angenommen. Bern, 26.05.2008 Der Dekan: Prof. Dr. P. Messerli This dissertation is available as a free download from http://scg.unibe.ch Copyright © 2008 Marcus Denker. The contents of this dissertation are protected under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Inheritance and the Resolution of Inheritance Conflicts
    JOURNAL OF OBJECT TECHNOLOGY Online at http://www.jot.fm. Published by ETH Zurich, Chair of Software Engineering ©JOT, 2005 Vol. 4, No.2, March-April 2005 The Theory of Classification Part 17: Multiple Inheritance and the Resolution of Inheritance Conflicts Anthony J H Simons, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 211 Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK 1 INTRODUCTION This is the seventeenth article in a regular series on object-oriented theory for non- specialists. Using a second-order λ-calculus model, we have previously modelled the notion of inheritance as a short-hand mechanism for defining subclasses by extending superclass definitions. Initially, we considered the inheritance of type [1] and implementation [2] separately, but later combined both of these in a model of typed inheritance [3]. By simplifying the short-hand inheritance expressions, we showed how these are equivalent to canonical class definitions. We also showed how classes derived by inheritance are type compatible with their superclass. Further aspects of inheritance have included method combination [4], mixin inheritance [5] and inheritance among generic classes [6]. Most recently, we re-examined the ⊕ inheritance operator [7], to show how extending a class definition (the intension of a class) has the effect of restricting the set of objects that belong to the class (the extension of the class). We also added a type constraint to the ⊕ operator, to restrict the types of fields that may legally be combined with a base class to yield a subclass. By varying the form of this constraint, we modelled the typing of inheritance in Java, Eiffel, C++ and Smalltalk.
    [Show full text]