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Biological Response to Environmental Flows Below Corin, Bendora, Cotter and Googong Dams

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Biological Response to Environmental Flows Below Corin, Bendora, Cotter and Googong Dams Biological response to environmental flows below Corin, Bendora Cotter and Googong Dams – Autumn 2010. Institute for Applied Ecology Biological response to environmental flows below Corin, Bendora, Cotter and Googong Dams Autumn 2010 Evan Harrison, Lea Knight, Damon Bryce and Richard Norris - 1 - Biological response to environmental flows below Corin, Bendora Cotter and Googong Dams – Autumn 2010. Institute for Applied Ecology ACTEW Water Quality Monitoring Program – Report prepared for: ACTEW Corporation Limited Authors: Evan Harrison, Lea Knight, Damon Bryce and Richard Norris Produced by: Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra, ACT 2601 Telephone: (02) 6201 5839 Facsimile: (02) 6201 5651 Website: http://aerg.canberra.edu.au/ ABN: 81 633 873 422 Inquiries regarding this document should be addressed to: Richard Norris Phone: 02 6201 2543 Email: [email protected] Fax: 02 6201 5651 Front Photograph: Cotter River at site CM1 downstream of Corin Dam, April 2010 (L.Knight) - 2 - Biological response to environmental flows below Corin, Bendora Cotter and Googong Dams – Autumn 2010. Institute for Applied Ecology Contents CONTENTS ................................................................................................. - 3 - LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................... - 5 - LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... - 6 - LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... - 6 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................. - 7 - 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... - 8 - 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................. - 9 - 2.1 Study area .............................................................................................................- 9 - 2.2 Site selection .........................................................................................................- 9 - 2.3 Sampling period ...................................................................................................- 12 - 2.4 Hydrometric data..................................................................................................- 12 - 2.5 Sampling sites .....................................................................................................- 12 - 2.6 Physical and chemical water quality assessment and guidelines .........................- 12 - 2.7 Macroinvertebrates ..............................................................................................- 13 - 2.7.1 Macroinvertebrate quality control/quality assurance procedures .......................- 14 - 2.7.2 Macroinvertebrate community structure ............................................................- 15 - 2.7.3 Macroinvertebrate Predictive models - AUSRIVAS (AUStralian RIVer Assessment System) .....................................................................................................................- 15 - 2.7.4 AUSRIVAS Autumn Riffle Model .......................................................................- 15 - 2.7.5 Biological condition bands for the AUSRIVAS Autumn Riffle Model ..................- 16 - 2.7.5 SIGNAL grades .................................................................................................- 17 - 2.8 Data entry and storage ........................................................................................- 18 - 2.9 Ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll-a ....................................................................- 19 - 2.10 Data analysis .....................................................................................................- 19 - 3 RESULTS ............................................................................................... - 20 - 3.1 Hydrometric data .....................................................................................................- 20 - 3.2 Physical and chemical water quality characteristics .................................................- 22 - -1 Electrical conductivity (μS cm ) .................................................................................- 22 - pH ..............................................................................................................................- 22 - Dissolved oxygen (% saturation) ................................................................................- 22 - Turbidity (NTU) ..........................................................................................................- 22 - Ammonia (NH3) ..........................................................................................................- 22 - Oxidised Nitrogen (NOX) ............................................................................................- 22 - Total Phosphorus (TP) ...............................................................................................- 22 - Total Nitrogen (TN) ....................................................................................................- 22 - 3.3 Periphyton and algae: Ash-Free Dry Mass (AFDM), Chlorophyll-a and visual observations ..................................................................................................................- 24 - 3.4 Benthic macroinvertebrates .....................................................................................- 26 - 4 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... - 37 - 4.1 Cotter River and tributaries ......................................................................................- 37 - 4.2 Queanbeyan River ..................................................................................................- 38 - 5 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... - 39 - - 3 - Biological response to environmental flows below Corin, Bendora Cotter and Googong Dams – Autumn 2010. Institute for Applied Ecology 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................... - 40 - 7 REFERENCES ....................................................................................... - 40 - - 4 - Biological response to environmental flows below Corin, Bendora Cotter and Googong Dams – Autumn 2010. Institute for Applied Ecology List of tables Table 1: Cotter, Goodradigbee and Queanbeyan River sampling sites for the below dams licence program, autumn 2010. ................................................................................................................. - 10 - Table 2: Sampling dates and times for each site sampled, autumn 2010. ...................................... - 12 - Table 3: Water quality guideline values for aquatics ecosystems in upland rivers in south-east Australia........................................................................................................................................ - 13 - Table 4: Habitat variables used by the ACT autumn riffle AUSRIVAS model to predict the macroinvertebrate fauna expected at a site. .................................................................................. - 16 - Table 5: Band label, upper limit, name and description, autumn variables. ..................................... - 17 - Table 6: Habitat disturbance and pollution sensitivity (SIGNAL) grades for macroinvertebrate taxa commonly predicted with a 50% chance of occurring. .................................................................. - 18 - Table 7: Water quality characteristics of sites downstream of the dams along the Cotter River (CM1, CM2, CM3), tributaries of the Cotter River (CT1), the Goodradigbee reference sites (GM1, GM2, GM3), tributaries of the Goodradigbee River (GT1, GT2, GT3) and main channel sites on the Queanbeyan River (QM1, QM2 and QM3), autumn 2010. .................................................................................. - 23 - Table 8: Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, NH3 and NOX concentrations, autumn 2010.. ............. - 24 - Table 9: Percent cover of periphyton and filamentous algae in the riffle and reach in the Cotter (CM1, CM2, CM3), Queanbeyan (QM2) and Goodradigbee (GM1, GM2, GM3) River sites, autumn 2009.- 26 - Table 10: AUSRIVAS Model output for the Cotter (CM1, CM2, CM3), Goodradigbee (GM1, GM2, GM3) and Queanbeyan (QM1, QM2, QM3) Rivers and their tributaries, between autumn 2008 and autumn 2010.. ........................................................................................................................................... - 30 - Table 11: Macroinvertebrate taxa and their sensitivity score (SIGNAL) (Chessman, 2002) collected for taxa identified to family from sub-samples for the Cotter, Goodradigbee and Queanbeyan River sites and their tributaries, sampled during autumn 2010 ........................................................................ - 31 - Table 12: Taxa missing from the sub-samples in autumn 2010 that were predicted with a ≥50% chance of occurrence by the AUSRIVAS ACT autumn riffle model and their sensitivity score (SIGNAL) ..... - 33 - Table 13: Additional macroinvertebrate taxa and their sensitivity score (SIGNAL) (Chessman, 2002) observed in the visual scan of entire samples from sites on the Cotter River (CM1, CM2, CM3), tributaries of the Cotter River (CT1, CT2, CT3), the Goodradigbee River (GM1, GM2, GM3), tributaries
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