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Die Trilobitensammlung Der Universität Wien: Eine Revision Mit Beiträgen Zur Stammesgeschichte Der Trilobita

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Die Trilobitensammlung Der Universität Wien: Eine Revision Mit Beiträgen Zur Stammesgeschichte Der Trilobita Die Trilobitensammlung der Universität Wien: eine Revision mit Beiträgen zur Stammesgeschichte der Trilobita DIPLOMARBEIT zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades „Magister der Naturwissenschaften“ an der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik der Universität Wien Vorgelegt von MATTHIAS SVOJTKA Wien, Dezember 2002 Die Trilobitensammlung der Universität Wien: eine Revision mit Beiträgen zur Stammesgeschichte der Trilobita A revision of the University of Vienna’s Trilobite Collection: a compiling catalogue with additional information on the phylogenetic position of the Trilobita. Matthias Svojtka Und schnell und unbegreiflich schnelle Dreht sich umher der Erde Pracht; Es wechselt Paradieses-Helle Mit tiefer schauervoller Nacht; Es schäumt das Meer in breiten Flüssen Am tiefen Grund der Felsen auf, Und Fels und Meer wird fortgerissen In ewig schnellem Sphärenlauf. GABRIEL, GOETHE FAUST I DIE TRILOBITENSAMMLUNG DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN – REVISION SEITE 4 —————————————————————————————————————— Inhaltsverzeichnis VORWORT 7 SUMMARY 8 DANKSAGUNG 10 1. KULTUR- UND ERFORSCHUNGSGESCHICHTE DER TRILOBITEN 11 2. STAMMESGESCHICHTE DER TRILOBITA 15 2.1 VORBEMERKUNGEN 15 2.2 MONOPHYLIE DER ARTHROPODA 16 2.3 CALCIFIZIERUNG UND FACIALSUTUREN 19 2.4 CEPHALISATION UND TAGMATISIERUNG 20 2.5 DAS PYGIDIUM 24 2.6 DAS SPALTBEIN 25 2.7 KOMPLEXAUGEN 29 2.8 PROBLEMGRUPPE OLENELLINA 30 2.9 PROBLEMGRUPPE AGNOSTINA 32 2.10 DAS ARACHNOMORPHA (ARACHNATA)-KONZEPT 34 2.11 DISKUSSION: DIE TRILOBITA ALS LAMELLIPEDIA UND IHRE STELLUNG IM SYSTEM DER ARTHROPODA 37 2.11 SYSTEMATIK DER ARTHROPODA 39 2.12 SYSTEMATISCHE GLIEDERUNG DER TRILOBITA 42 3. HISTORISCHE BEDEUTUNG DER SAMMLUNG 47 3.1 ACQUISITIONSDATUM V.1881 47 3.2 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1882 48 3.3 ACQUISITIONSDATUM 1891 48 3.4 ACQUISITIONSDATUM V.1891 48 3.5 ACQUISITIONSDATUM V.1892 48 3.6 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1894 49 3.7 ACQUISITIONSDATUM IV.1894 49 3.8 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1895 49 3.9 ACQUISITIONSDATUM II.1895 49 3.10 ACQUISITIONSDATUM III.1895 50 3.11 ACQUISITIONSDATUM XII.1895 50 3.12 ACQUISITIONSDATUM VIII.1896 50 3.13 ACQUISITIONSDATUM X.1896 50 3.14 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1897 50 3.15 ACQUISITIONSDATUM IV.1898 50 3.16 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1899 51 3.17 ACQUISITIONSDATUM V.1899 51 DIE TRILOBITENSAMMLUNG DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN – REVISION SEITE 5 —————————————————————————————————————— 3.18 ACQUISITIONSDATUM VI.1900 51 3.19 ACQUISITIONSDATUM VI.1901 51 3.20 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1912 51 3.21 ACQUISITIONSDATUM I.1924 52 3.22 ACQUISITIONSDATUM 16.VII.1955 52 3.23 ACQUISITIONSDATUM X.1964 52 3.24 OTHENIO ABEL 52 3.25 COLL. BERAUN 55 3.26 COLL. MIN. 55 3.27 COLL. REDTENBACHER 56 3.28 COLL. ZOOL. 56 3.29 FRECH & ARTHABER (LEG. E. TIETZE) 57 3.30 IGNAZ HAWLE 57 3.31 JAROSLAV JAROMIR (JILJI) JAHN 57 3.32 RUDOLF KNER (COLL. ZOOL.) 58 3.33 FRIEDRICH KRANTZ (RHEINISCHES MINERALIEN-KONTOR / BONN) 59 3.34 LEOPOLD KRYSTYN 59 3.35 LANDAUER 60 3.36 VALERIAN VON MÖLLER 60 3.37 NATURALIENHANDLUNG WENZEL FRIČ 60 3.38 OTTOMAR PRAVOSLAV NOVÁK 61 3.39 A. PAPP & E. THENIUS 61 3.40 BERNHARD STÜRTZ 62 3.41 MATTHIAS SVOJTKA 62 3.42 EMIL WEINFURTER 63 4. DIE TRILOBITENSAMMLUNG DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN 63 4.1 ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER SAMMLUNG 63 4.2 BENÜTZUNG DES KATALOGES 64 4.3 BEMERKUNGEN ZUR FORM DES KATALOGES 65 4.4 KATALOGTEIL 67 FAMILIE AGNOSTIDAE (1.1.1.1) 67 FAMILIE PERONOPSIDAE (1.1.1.4) 67 FAMILIE METAGNOSTIDAE (1.1.1.7) 67 FAMILIE INCERTAE SEDIS (AGNOSTOIDEA INC. SED.; 1.1.1.8) 68 FAMILIE CONDYLOPYGIDAE (1.1.2.1) 68 FAMILIE EODISCIDAE (1.2.1.6) 68 FAMILIE DOLEROLENIDAE (2.2.2.2) 68 FAMILIE METADOXIDIDAE (2.2.2.7) 68 FAMILIE PARADOXIDIDAE (2.2.3.1) 68 FAMILIE CENTROPLEURIDAE (2.2.3.2) 71 FAMILIE OGYGOPSIDAE (3.1.1.5) 71 FAMILIE STYGINIDAE (3.2.1.1) 71 FAMILIE PHILLIPSINELLIDAE (3.2.1.2) 77 FAMILIE ILLAENIDAE (3.2.1.3) 77 FAMILIE LICHIDAE (4.1.1.1) 79 FAMILIE ODONTOPLEURIDAE (4.1.2.1) 81 FAMILIE SELENOPELTIDAE (4.1.2.2) 83 FAMILIE CALYMENIDAE (5.1.1.1) 84 FAMILIE HOMALONOTIDAE (5.1.1.2) 90 FAMILIE PHACOPIDAE (5.2.1.1) 91 FAMILIE PTERYGOMETOPIDAE (5.2.1.2) 99 FAMILIE DALMANITIDAE (5.2.2.1) 100 FAMILIE ACASTIDAE (5.2.3.1) 114 DIE TRILOBITENSAMMLUNG DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN – REVISION SEITE 6 —————————————————————————————————————— FAMILIE CALMONIIDAE (5.2.3.2) 114 FAMILIE CHEIRURIDAE (5.3.1.1) 115 FAMILIE PLIOMERIDAE (5.3.1.2) 122 FAMILIE ENCRINURIDAE (5.3.1.4) 122 FAMILIE STAUROCEPHALIDAE (5.3.1.5) 126 FAMILIE PROETIDAE (6.1.1.1) 126 FAMILIE PHILLIPSIIDAE (6.1.1.2) 129 FAMILIE AULACOPLEURIDAE (6.1.2.1) 130 FAMILIE ANOMOCARIDAE (7.1.1.1) 138 FAMILIE DIKELOKEPHALINIDAE (7.1.1.4) 138 FAMILIE ASAPHIDAE (7.1.2.1) 138 FAMILIE PTYCHASPIDIDAE (7.1.3.3) 142 FAMILIE REMOPLEURIDIDAE (7.1.4.1) 142 FAMILIE CYCLOPYGIDAE (7.1.5.1) 142 FAMILIE NILEIDAE (7.1.5.3) 144 FAMILIE TRINUCLEIDAE (7.1.6.1) 144 FAMILIE DIONIDIDAE (7.1.6.2) 152 FAMILIE RAPHIOPHORIDAE (7.1.6.4) 152 FAMILIE ELLIPSOCEPHALIDAE (8.1.1.1) 152 FAMILIE AGRAULIDAE (8.1.1.3) 155 FAMILIE PTYCHOPARIIDAE (8.1.2.1) 157 FAMILIE SOLENOPLEURIDAE (8.1.2.3) 160 FAMILIE CONOCORYPHIDAE (8.1.2.4) 160 FAMILIE ELVINIIDAE (8.1.2.14) 162 FAMILIE OLENIDAE (8.2.1.1) 162 FAMILIE HARPETIDAE (8.3.1.1) 163 FAMILIE INDET. 164 MODELLE UND ABGÜSSE 165 UNTERSTAMM CRUSTACEA (PAN-CRUSTACEA) / KLASSE PSEUDOCRUSTACEA STØRMER, 1944 167 5. VERWENDETE LITERATUR 168 6. BIBLIOGRAPHIE 172 A. HAUPTREGISTER 192 B1. STANDORTTABELLE 197 B2. HILFSINDEX FUNDLAND 204 B3. HILFSINDEX TSCHECHISCHE FUNDORTE 207 B4. HILFSINDEX AUTOR 210 DIE TRILOBITENSAMMLUNG DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN – REVISION SEITE 7 —————————————————————————————————————— Vorwort „Doch hat unsre Erde Spalten, Die zu jenen Tiefen gehen, Wo wir diese Nachtgestalten Wie lebendig vor uns sehen. Was geschah in alten Zeiten, Hier im Fels geschrieben steht, Wer die Schrift weiß recht zu deuten, Dem die Urwelt aufersteht.“ OSWALD HEER – DIE URWELT DER SCHWEIZ Als J. E. I. WALCH den Trilobiten im Jahr 1771 ihren Namen gab, waren die Tiere der Wissenschaft schon 73 Jahre bekannt. Galten sie bei E. LHWYD noch als „flat-fish“, ordnete man sie später bei den Muscheln, den Schnecken, den Käferschnecken (Placophora) und den Schildkäfern (Cassididae) ein. Bei LINNÉ galten die Trilobiten zusammen mit allen Krebs- und Spinnentieren als ungeflügelte Insekten. Im neunzehnten und beginnenden zwanzigsten Jahrhundert war die Zuordnung der Gruppe zu den Krebstieren en vogue, wie die Bezeichnung „Dreilappkrebse“ in zahlreichen zeitgenössischen Werken belegt. Seit etwa 1910 wurde dann die nähere Verwandtschaft von Trilobiten und Spinnentieren propagiert, die jedoch im Lichte neuerer Erkenntnisse ebenfalls höchst fragwürdig erscheint. Zahlreicher als je zuvor werden Trilobiten auch im Fossilhandel angeboten. Während jeder Volksschüler echte Trilobiten-Fossilien in Museumsshops und auf Börsen erstehen kann, hat kaum ein wissenschaftlicher Laie eine Ahnung, was denn ein Trilobit überhaupt darstellt. Davon zeugt die hartnäckige Verwendung des Begriffes „Dreilappkrebse“, die Deutung von Trilobiten als nähere Kellerassel-Verwandtschaft oder gar die Bezeichnung „Ur- Küchenschaben“ (Neue Kronenzeitung, Wien, 24.02.2001). Im Handel werden Trilobiten- Plastikmodelle angeboten, die auf der Unterseite Cheliceren und mehrere scherenartige Bildungen an den Extremitäten besitzen; die Verwirrung gipfelt schließlich in Händleretiketten wie „Trilobit. Erster mehrgliedriger Kopffüßer. Zeit: Mesozoikum, Trias“ (Mineralien- und Fossilienbörse Wien-Längenfeldgasse, 19.10.2002). Hier zeigt sich deutlich der Bedarf an wohlsortierten und definierten Sammlungen für den Lehrbetrieb an Schulen und Universitäten. Im Zuge der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die 1411 Trilobiten-Stücke (Stand: 01.11.2002) des Institutes für Paläontologie (Universität Wien) gereinigt, genau bestimmt, etikettiert und numeriert. Der Katalogteil der Arbeit mit seinen diversen Indizes erschließt die Sammlung systematisch, die Sammlung selbst wurde nach stratigraphischen Gesichtspunkten geordnet. DIE TRILOBITENSAMMLUNG DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN – REVISION SEITE 8 —————————————————————————————————————— Der Kontakt mit dem Sammlungsmaterial, das Angreifen und Begreifen der Fossilien erscheint mir für das Verständnis der Trilobita als natürliche Tiergruppe besonders wichtig. Nicht ausschließlich Abbildungen in Lehrbüchern, nicht abstrakt-systematische Diskussionen, sondern die eigene fachkundige Auseinandersetzung mit diesen wunderbaren Fossilien läßt uns wirklich erkennen, was Trilobiten wirklich waren und heute noch sind. Wenn mein Katalog den Umgang mit der Trilobitensammlung des Institutes für Paläontologie erleichtert und das Verständnis für die Trilobiten allgemein vorantreibt, so hat er seine Aufgabe erfüllt. Vielleicht gelingt es dem interessierten Betrachter und Leser, die Urwelt der Trilobiten in all ihrer Schönheit für sich auferstehen zu lassen. Matthias Svojtka, Dezember 2002 Summary A REVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA’S TRILOBITE COLLECTION: A COMPILING CATALOGUE WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE TRILOBITA. Trilobites have been known some 15.000 years. Although the group is not as important in a cultural sense as for example, molluscs, trilobites have been used as cultic objects by certain Indian tribes of North and South America, as amulets and jewellery by Europeans; they are even mentioned in literature and poetry. WALCH introduced the name ”Trilobites” in 1771; since then highly different views concerning their zoological position have been discussed, and even at present their exact phylogenetic position remains an unsolved problem. In 1939 and in the following years STØRMER reconstructed the morphology of the trilobite
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