Human Cycles: History As Science
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Universita Degli Studi Di Milano [email protected] World
Population Dynamics and World-Systems Analysis Daniela Danna Universita degli Studi di Milano [email protected] Abstract World-systems analysis has given scant attention to population dynamics. Overlooked are large scale macrohistorical population trends and their microhistorical foundation on procreative decisions-decisions which are taken by a historically changing subject of procreation: local elders or other authorities, head(s) of the household, couples, and women. The discipline of demography is also not as helpful as it could be, given its basis in modernization theory, which fails to recognize intentionality in reproduction in pre-capitalist societies. It assumes a model of "demographic transition" from a state of "natural fertility" to a state of conscious family planning, while also treating mortality as independent of fertility Marxism recognized the importance of population as a source of labor for profit and capital accumulation. With its tools Sydney Coontz developed a demand for labor theory explaining in particular the decrease in the birth rate in England and the United States at the turn of the century This theory was f urther developed by anthropologists of the "mode of product ion and population pat terns " who, with other authors, offer useful theories and insights to advance world-historical research on population. This article explores connections between population dy namics and world-systems analysis . I explore six key questions at different levels of analysis , including : 1) A re there world-systems ' -
1 ETHNICITY and JEWISH IDENTITY in JOSEPHUS by DAVID
ETHNICITY AND JEWISH IDENTITY IN JOSEPHUS By DAVID McCLISTER A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 David McClister 2 To the memory of my father, Dorval L. McClister, who instilled in me a love of learning; to the memory of Dr. Phil Roberts, my esteemed colleague; and to my wife, Lisa, without whose support this dissertation, or much else that I do, would not have been possible. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gladly recognize my supervisory committee chair (Dr. Konstantinos Kapparis, Associate Professor in the Classics Department at the University of Florida). I also wish to thank the other supervisory commiteee members (Dr. Jennifer Rea, Dr. Gareth Schmeling, and Dr. Gwynn Kessler as a reader from the Religious Studies Department). It is an honor to have their contributions and to work under their guidance. I also wish to thank the library staff at the University of Florida and at Florida College (especially Ashley Barlar) who did their work so well and retrieved the research materials necessary for this project. I also wish to thank my family for their patient indulgence as I have robbed them of time to give attention to the work necessary to pursue my academic interests. BWGRKL [Greek] Postscript® Type 1 and TrueTypeT font Copyright © 1994-2006 BibleWorks, LLC. All rights reserved. These Biblical Greek and Hebrew fonts are used with permission and are from BibleWorks, software for Biblical -
Dynamical Effects of Plant Quality and Parasitism on Population Cycles of Larch Budmoth
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works Title Dynamical effects of plant quality and parasitism on population cycles of larch budmoth Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q39z2cn Journal Ecology, 84(5) Authors Turchin, Peter Wood, Simon N Ellner, Stephen Paul et al. Publication Date 2003 DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1207:DEOPQA]2.0.CO;2 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Ecology, 84(5), 2003, pp. 1207±1214 q 2003 by the Ecological Society of America DYNAMICAL EFFECTS OF PLANT QUALITY AND PARASITISM ON POPULATION CYCLES OF LARCH BUDMOTH PETER TURCHIN,1 SIMON N. WOOD,2 STEPHEN P. E LLNER,3 BRUCE E. KENDALL,4 WILLIAM W. M URDOCH,5 ANDREAS FISCHLIN,6 JEÃ ROME CASAS,7 EDWARD MCCAULEY,8 AND CHERYL J. BRIGGS9 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA 2Mathematical Institute, North Haugh, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9SS, UK 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA 4School for Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA 5Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA 6Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ETHZ, CH-8952 Schlieren/Zurich, Switzerland 7University of Tours, IRBI-CNRS UPRESA 6035, F-37200 Tours, France 8Ecology Division, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada T2N 1N4 9Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Population cycles have been remarkably resistant to explanation, in part because crucial experiments are rarely possible on appropriate spatial and temporal scales. -
Curriculum Vitae
Turchin CV, Page 1 June 2017 Curriculum Vitae Peter Turchin Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043 tel: 860-486-3603; fax: 860-486-6364 e-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://PeterTurchin.com Education: 1985 Ph.D. Duke University Zoology (minor: mathematics) 1980 B.A. New York University Biology (cum laude) 1975–7 Moscow State University Biology Professional Positions: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 2002– Professor 1997–02 Associate Professor 1994–97 Assistant Professor School of Anthropology, University of Oxford 2013– Research Associate The Evolution Institute 2010– Founding Member of the Board of Directors; Vice-President (2010–2017) Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse 2015 Visiting Fellow Religion, Cognition, and Culture, Aarhus University, Denmark 2013–4 Distingushed Fellow and Visiting Professor Santa Fe Institute 2007–8 Visiting Professor Southern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service Research 1990–94 Supervisory Ecologist 1988–90 Ecologist Department of Zoology, University of Washington 1988 Lecturer 1985–88 Postdoctoral Research Associate Department of Zoology, Duke University 1983–85 Teaching Assistant Professional Activities: Symposia, workshops, and working groups organized 2017 Explaining Institutional Change in History. June 2017, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, France (with Mohamed Saleh) 2016 Examining Social Complexity, Religion and Prosociality with Seshat: Global History Databank. August 2016; Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore (with Daniel Mullins) 2016 Seshat Workshop on North China: Social Complexity, Warfare, and Ritual. January 2016; Tampa, Florida (with Daniel Hoyer) 2015 Strüngmann Forum on Evolutionary Economics. February 2015, Frankfurt, Germany (with David S. Wilson, Ulrich Witt, Alan Kirman, and Eric Beinhocker) 2013 Evolution of Institutions. -
Ultrasociety How Cultural Evolution Helps Us Understand the Rise of Complex Societies in Human History
Ultrasociety How Cultural Evolution Helps Us Understand the Rise of Complex Societies in Human History Peter Turchin University of Connecticut and Evolution Institute Clio Seshat International Space Station • Built by Roscosmos, NASA, ESA, JAXA, CSA • Cost: $150 bln • 3 mln people-years • >1 bln citizens in participating countries Humans are capable of cooperating in huge groups of strangers Empire State Building, 1930 Amiens Cathedral 1220 Great Pyramid of Giza, 2540 BC Göbekli Tepe, 9th millennium BC A Social Scale Social scale Polity Time (people) Types (kya) 10s Foraging bands 200 100s Farming villages 10 1,000s Simple chiefdoms 7.5 10,000s Complex chiefdoms 7 100,000s Archaic states 5 1,000,000s Macrostates 4.5 10,000,000s Mega-empires 2.5 100,000,000s Large nation-states 0.2 Social scale of a leaf cutter ant colony: 1,000,000s A Social Scale Social scale Polity Time (people) Types (kya) 10s Foraging bands 200 100s Farming villages 10 1,000s Simple chiefdoms 7.5 10,000s Complex chiefdoms 7 100,000s Archaic states 5 1,000,000s Macrostates 4.5 10,000,000s Mega-empires 2.5 100,000,000s Large nation-states 0.2 Humans are champion cooperators – an “ultrasocial species” The Puzzle of Ultrasociality • Ultrasociality: extensive cooperation among very large numbers of genetically unrelated individuals • Ultrasociality was a key glue holding together historical mega-empires • But cooperation is fragile and is easily destroyed by “free-riding” • How did it evolve? • This is one of the unresolved Grand Questions of social science Achaemenid -
UC Riverside Cliodynamics
UC Riverside Cliodynamics Title Involvement of a Capitalist Crisis in the 1900-30 Inequality Trend Reversal Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42p5m46m Journal Cliodynamics, 8(1) Author Alexander, Michael Allen Publication Date 2017 DOI 10.21237/C7clio8133347 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42p5m46m#supplemental License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Cliodynamics: The Journal of Quantitative History and Cultural Evolution Involvement of a Capitalist Crisis in the 1900–30 Inequality Trend Reversal Michael Allen Alexander Abstract This paper proposes a supplemental secular cycle formulation for a modern capitalist society that employs financial, economic, and political metrics in place of population and sociopolitical violence. It makes use of Thomas Piketty’s (2014) hypothesis that excess investment return relative to economic growth causes inequality. In a capitalist society, the investing class can be considered as a proxy for elites. Inequality as measured by the ratio of financial to wage gains over time agrees with other economic measures. Rising inequality led to a reduction in capital productivity (output per person per unit of capital). This created instability in financial markets that generated the 1929 stock market crash. Application of a simplified version of the demographic structural theory to inequality trends shows political stress peaking in 1929. The depression that began with the stock market crash in that year resulted in a devastating political defeat for the ruling party in 1932 which brought in the political coalition that engineered the inequality trend reversal. This series of events can be considered as a modern version of the state collapse and reconstitution that was typically a key feature of premodern secular cycles. -
The Problem of Moral Statements in Historical Writing
Montclair State University Montclair State University Digital Commons Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects 5-2012 The rP oblem of Moral Statements in Historical Writing Alexandra Katherine Perry Montclair State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/etd Part of the Education Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Perry, Alexandra Katherine, "The rP oblem of Moral Statements in Historical Writing" (2012). Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects. 20. https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/etd/20 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Montclair State University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects by an authorized administrator of Montclair State University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PROBLEM OF MORAL STATEMENTS IN HISTORICAL WRITING A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of Montclair State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education by ALEXANDRA KATHERINE PERRY Montclair State University Upper Montclair, NJ 2012 Dissertation Chair: Dr. Jaime Grinberg Copyright © 2012 by Alexandra Katherine Perry. All rights reserved. ABSTRACT THE PROBLEM OF MORAL STATEMENTS IN HISTORICAL WRITING by Alexandra Katherine Perry Bernard Williams (1985) begins his skeptical look at the history of ethical theory with a reminder of where it began, with Socrates’ question, "how should one live?" (pg. 1). This question is relevant to historians, who ask a similar question, “how did people live?” in their own work, To wonder “how one should live” or to make statements about the ways in which people have lived is to rely on the work of historians. -
A New Era in the Study of Global History Is Born but It Needs to Be Nurtured
[JCH 5.1-2 (2018–19)] JCH (print) ISSN 2051-9672 https://doi.org/10.1558/jch.39422 JCH (online) ISSN 2051-9680 A New Era in the Study of Global History is Born but It Needs to be Nurtured Harvey Whitehouse1 University of Oxford, UK Email: [email protected] (corresponding author) Peter Turchin2 University of Connecticut Email: [email protected] (corresponding author) Pieter François3, Patrick E. Savage4, Thomas E. Currie5, Kevin C. Feeney6, Enrico Cioni7, Rosalind Purcell8, Robert M. Ross9, Jennifer Larson10, John Baines11, Barend ter Haar12, R. Alan Covey13 Abstract: Thisa rticle is a response to Slingerland e t al. who criticize the quality of the data from Seshat: Global History Databank utilized in our Nature paper entitled “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods throughout World History”. Their cri- tique centres around the roles played by research assistants and experts in procuring and curating data, periodization structure, and so-called “data pasting” and “data fill- ing”. We show that these criticisms are based on misunderstandings or misrepresenta- tions of the methods used by Seshat researchers. Overall, Slingerland et al.’s critique (which is crosslinked online here) does not call into question any of our main findings, but it does highlight various shortcomings of Slingerland et al.’s database project. Our collective efforts to code and quantify features of global history hold out the promise of a new era in the study of global history but only if critique can be conducted con- structively in good faith and both the benefitsa nd the pitfalls of open science fully recognized. -
Barbarians at the Gate: Herodotus, Bisotun, and a Persian Punishment in Egypt
Barbarians at the Gate: Herodotus, Bisotun, and a Persian Punishment in Egypt Keating P. J. McKeon American Journal of Philology, Volume 141, Number 3 (Whole Number 563), Fall 2020, pp. 349-380 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2020.0020 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/763624 [ Access provided at 27 Jan 2021 06:13 GMT from Harvard Library ] BARBARIANS AT THE GATE: HERODOTUS, BISOTUN, AND A PERSIAN PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT KEATING P. J. MCKEON u Abstract: This paper argues that Cambyses’ treatment of Psammenitus in Book 3 of Herodotus’ Histories constitutes the adaptation of a punishment recorded in the Old Persian text of the Bisotun inscription. By outlining a typology for the practice, the article demonstrates the primacy of a Persian source, and proposes a series of specific, programmatically significant alterations made by Herodotus in the constructi on of the punishment. The resulting episode represents a complex engagement with questions arising from the Persian invasion of Egypt both in the Histories and in the wider historical record concerning Cambyses’ legitimacy as Egyptian ruler. RECENT WOrk ON HERODOTUS has done much to elucidate his incorporation, and deliberate modification, of Near Eastern material.1 Rather than obvious processes of either direct insertion or uneasy Hel- lenization, the appearance of such material often reflects a sophisticated attempt to tailor raw sources to fit the wider context of the Histories and address the author’s recurrent concerns. The treatment of Psammenitus by Cambyses detailed in Book 3 has been studied more often for its lachrymose outcome than its punitive design.2 Closer examination reveals a particularly striking example of non-Greek practice subtly refashioned to accommodate a Greek narrative pattern. -
In the National Security Arena
THIS WHITE PAPER IS PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY STRATEGIC MULTI- LAYER ASSESSMENT (SMA) AND U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE Perspectives on Political and Social Regional Stability Impacted by Global Crises - A Social Science Context January 2010 The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the organizations with which they are associated. Editorial Board: Hriar Cabayan (OSD), Barbara Sotirin (USACE-HQ, CERD), Robert Davis (ERDC-NH), Robert Popp (NSI), Andy Reynolds (U.S. Dept. of State), Anne Ralte (USAID), Herm Myers (OUSDP), Phil Kearley (JFCOM), Robert Allen (TRADOC), Lynda Jaques (PACOM), Sharon Halls (AFRICOM), Carl Dodd (STRATCOM/ GISC), Martin Drake (CENTCOM), MAJ Bradley Hilton (EUCOM), Tom Rieger (Gallup), Tom Mullen, (PA), Peter Steen (JS/J-5), Larry Kuznar (NSI) Contributing Authors: Clare Lockhart (State Effectiveness Institute), Philip Martin (UC-Davis), Jack A. Goldstone (GMU), Elizabeth Leahy Madsen (PAI), David L. Richards (Memphis), Ronald Gelleny (Akron), Peter Steen (JS/J-5), Jerome Delli Priscoli (USACE), J. Rolf Olsen (USACE), Kathleen D. White (USACE), Julie E. Kiang (USGS), D. Phil Turnipseed (USGS), Levi D. Brekke (Reclamation), David A. Raff (Reclamation), Roger S. Pulwarty (NOAA), Robert Webb (NOAA), Alex O.Dehgan (DOS), Laura Jean Palmer-Moloney (USACE), James Diaz (LSU), Kenneth S. Yalowitz (Dartmouth), Ross A. Virginia (Dartmouth), Richard J. Stoll (Rice), Douglas J. Arent (NREL), Jeffrey Steiner (USDA), Timothy Griffin (Tufts), Donald Suarez (USDA), Debarati Guha-Sapir(CRED), Daniel Strickman (USDA), Victor Asal (Albany), Stephen Shellman(William and Mary), Lawrence A. Kuznar (NSI), Laura Leets (NSI), J. -
Governance, Democracy Peace
AND GOVERNANCE, DEMOCRACY PEACE HOW STATE CAPACITY AND REGIME TYPE INFLUENCE THE PROSPECTS FOR WAR AND PEACE David Cortright with Conor Seyle and Kristen Wall © 2013 One Earth Future Foundation The One Earth Future Foundation was founded in 2007 with the goal of supporting research and practice in the area of peace and governance. OEF believes that a world beyond war can be achieved by the development of new and effective systems of cooperation, coordination, and decision making. We believe that business and civil society have important roles to play in filling governance gaps in partnership with states. When states, business, and civil society coordinate their efforts, they can achieve effective, equitable solutions to global problems. As an operating foundation, we engage in research and practice that supports our overall mission. Research materials from OEF envision improved governance structures and policy options, analyze and document the performance of existing governance institutions, and provide intellectual support to the field operations of our implementation projects. Our active field projects apply our research outputs to existing governance challenges, particularly those causing threats to peace and security. ONE EARTH FUTURE FOUNDATION 525 Zang Street | Suite C Broomfield, CO 80021 USA Ph. +1.303.533.1715 | Fax +1 303.309.0386 ABOUT THE AUTHORS David Cortright is the director of Policy Studies at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame and chair of the board of directors of the Fourth Freedom Forum. He is the author of seventeen books, including the Adelphi volume Towards Nuclear Zero, with Raimo Vayrynen (Routledge, 2010) and Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge University Press, 2008). -
The Integration of Economic History Into Economics
Cliometrica https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-018-0170-8 ORIGINAL PAPER The integration of economic history into economics Robert A. Margo1 Received: 28 June 2017 / Accepted: 16 January 2018 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract In the USA today the academic field of economic history is much closer to economics than it is to history in terms of professional behavior, a stylized fact that I call the ‘‘integration of economic history into economics.’’ I document this using two types of evidence—use of econometric language in articles appearing in academic journals of economic history and economics; and publication histories of successive cohorts of Ph.D.s in the first decade since receiving the doctorate. Over time, economic history became more like economics in its use of econometrics and in the likelihood of scholars publishing in economics, as opposed to, say, economic history journals. But the pace of change was slower in economic history than in labor economics, another subfield of economics that underwent profound intellec- tual change in the 1950s and 1960s, and there was also a structural break evident for post-2000 Ph.D. cohorts. To account for these features of the data, I sketch a simple, overlapping generations model of the academic labor market in which junior scholars have to convince senior scholars of the merits of their work in order to gain tenure. I argue that the early cliometricians—most notably, Robert Fogel and Douglass North—conceived of a scholarly identity for economic history that kept the field distinct from economics proper in various ways, until after 2000 when their influence had waned.