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Civil War Heritage: Lexington KY

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Civil War Heritage: Lexington KY IIDEA GGUIDE C IVIL W AR H ERITAGE Explore the History of the Blue and the Gray in the Bluegrass Lexington Visitors Center 215 West Main Street Lexington, KY 40507 (859) 233-7299 or (800) 845-3959 www.visitlex.com The story of the Civil War in Lexington and the IN LEXINGTON Bluegrass is more than a story of battles. It’s a story of strong personalities — of two Presidents, a First A Union Saved, an Estate Divided Lady, a “lion,” and a “Thunderbolt.” It’s a story of “Had there been one such man in the Congress contrasts — here you can visit both the site of a of the United States as Henry Clay in 1860-61, major slave market and a place where African- there would, I feel sure, have been no civil war,” Americans received the emancipation papers that said Sen. Henry S. Foote in 1875. set them free. As a senator and statesmen, Henry Clay (1777- And it is a story of ironies — of Union troops 1852), known as “the Great Compromiser,” helped camping virtually in the front yard of a postpone the war between the states. But after his Confederate general, and of war dividing the family death his own family would divide along with the of a statesman who had devoted his life to preserv- Union. As a result of dissension between Clay’s ing the Union. sons and grandsons during the Civil War, his In the Bluegrass, beloved Lexington estate Ashland was eventually you are at the heart Bluegrass Note: Of the auctioned. Ashland was also the site of a skirmish more than 10,000 military of Kentucky’s excit- following the Battle of Perryville in October 1862. actions of the Civil War, 453 ing and diverse Civil Today, the Clay family home and 20 acres are took place in Kentucky, more War heritage. Of the open for tour as a National Historic Landmark. than in Alabama, North 53 Kentucky sites Ashland is located east of downtown at 120 Carolina, South Carolina or included in the Civil Sycamore Road. (859) 266-8581 Maryland. War Trust’s Civil War Discovery Trail Home of the Thunderbolt commemorating significant sites where visitors can The Hunt-Morgan House, at 201 N. Mill Street learn about the conflict, 16 are located in in Lexington’s historic Gratz Park neighborhood, Lexington and the Bluegrass region. And with its was the family home of Gen. John Hunt Morgan, central location and easy access to major highways, the daring, and reputedly dashing, Confederate Lexington is the ideal base from which to mount raider known as the “Thunderbolt of the your own Civil War campaign to explore a state Confederacy.” A Civil War museum on the second whose citizens supported both sides. floor displays swords, saddles, photographs, uni- Here’s a guide to points of interest in Lexington forms and other artifacts from Morgan and his and the region. men. Open spring through fall. (859)233-3290 slaves in antebellum Bluegrass. 225 Waveland The Bodley-Bullock House, across the park Museum Lane. (859) 272-3611 from the Hunt-Morgan House at 200 Market Cheapside, located on the west side of the Street, served as both Fayette County Union and Confederate Bluegrass Note: Morgan and his raiders so Courthouse on Main headquarters at different fired the public’s imagination that schoolchildren Street, was the site of both times during the war. The on both sides recited poems about them. The slave auctions and impas- Yankee rhyme was: “I’m sent to warn the neigh- house is open for tour by sioned abolitionist speech- bors, he’s only a mile behind/He’s sweeping up appointment; call (859) the horses, every horse that he can es. A small park commem- 252-8014. Union troops find./Morgan, Morgan the Raider and Morgan’s orates the site today. used nearby Transylvania terrible men/With bowie knives and pistols, are University as a hospital galloping up the glen.” Southern children had a Monumental Reminders and camped in Gratz Park different perspective: “I want to be a cavalry- More than 500 right in front of the Hunt- man, and with John Hunt Morgan ride/A Colt Confederate and 1,100 revolver in my belt, a saber by my side./I want a Morgan House. According pair of epaulets to match my suit of gray,/The Union veterans are buried to a Bluegrass legend, uniform my mother made and lettered C.S.A.” in the park-like Lexington Morgan once rode up the Cemetery, 833 West Main front steps of the house, Street. They include kissed his mother in the entry hall and galloped out Confederate General John Hunt Morgan and John the back door--with Union soldiers in hot pursuit. C. Breckinridge. Breckinridge was vice president of the United States under James Buchanan, unsuc- The Lincolns Slept Here cessful presidential candidate against Abraham Abraham Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd, was born Lincoln in 1860, and Secretary of War of the to a prominent Lexington family in 1818. The Confederate States of America. (859) 255-5522. Georgian house in which she lived from 1832 until Lexington’s historic old Fayette County 1839 is open for tour, and includes Todd family fur- Courthouse was recently renovated. Two nishings as well as Todd and Lincoln memorabilia. Lexington Civil War-related monuments on the After their marriage in 1842, the Lincolns visited grounds, a statue of Breckinridge and the John Lexington several times. Mary Todd’s Lexington Hunt Morgan statue will be reinstalled at the heritage followed her to the nation’s capital: the Lexington Cemetery. Lexington tradition holds fact that some of her Kentucky relatives, including that the unveiling of the Morgan statue ion the several of her half-brothers, fought for the courthouse grounds n 1911 caused quite a local stir Confederacy, aroused suspicion against Mrs. because Morgan is shown astride a stallion instead Lincoln in Washington, D.C. of his well-known mare Black Bess. The Mary Todd Lincoln House is at 578 West Main Street. Open April through November. (859) 233-9999 NEARBY AND NOTEWORTHY Insights into Slavery The Bloodiest Battle Slavery was an important part of the antebellum Perryville, Kentucky, still looks much the same economy in the Bluegrass, where slaves made up as it did on October 8, 1862. On that hot day during about one half of the population. Essential to the one of Kentucky’s driest summers, both Union and operation of the area’s hemp plantations, slaves also Confederate troops were parched and searching for were hired out by their owners for factory work and water when they encountered each other at other jobs. Lexington was a major slave market to Doctor’s Fork Creek. Between 2:00 p.m. and 11:00 the Deep South from the 1830s to the 1850s. p.m., 4,211 Union soldiers and 3,396 Confederate Original slave quarters at Waveland State Historic soldiers were killed, wounded, captured or missing, Site offer insight into the daily life of plantation giving Perryville the dubious distinction of being Kentucky’s largest and most deadly Civil War bat- (859) 744-0556. The Civil War Fort is 17 miles from tle. Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site (859- Lexington. Head out Richmond Road all the way to the 332-8631) includes the battleground, a museum and River. At 1924, turn right and go one mile. The colorful gift shop. The battle is reenacted each year during murals of the parking lot will be on your left. the first full weekend in October. Perryville is about 49 miles southwest of Lexington. Take either Capital Collections Harrodsburg Rd. (US 68, through) or Bluegrass The Kentucky Military History Museum on Parkway to Exit 59, then US 127 to US 68. East Main Street in Frankfort includes an extraor- dinary collection of Civil War weapons, flags, uni- Bluegrass Note: Not only were Abraham forms and other artifacts. The building itself was a Lincoln and Confederate President Jefferson Union cartridge factory and supply center. (502) Davis both born in Kentucky (less than one 564-3265 year and 100 miles apart), but both spent time Several other war-related sites are found in in Lexington. Davis attended Transylvania Kentucky’s capital city. The Kentucky State University in 1823 and 1824. Lincoln visited Capitol Rotunda on Capitol Avenue includes stat- the city several times with his wife, Mary Todd, ues of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. after their marriage in 1842. Federal reparation payments for war damage actu- ally helped pay for the building. (502) 564-3449 The Old State Capitol, Broadway and Lewis Battle Plans and a Lion’s Hall streets in Frankfort, includes some Civil War mem- The Battle of Richmond in 1862, part of the orabilia. Another point of interest is the Frankfort Perryville campaign, was one of the Confederacy’s Cemetery, with its stately Confederate Memorial greatest tactical victories of the war. A self-guided and wall memorial to all heroic Kentucky war veter- tour brochure of the three engagements are avail- ans. 215 E. Main Street. (502) 227-2403 Frankfort is able from the Richmond Tourism and Main Street about 27 miles west of Lexington via I-64. For a scenic Department, 345 Lancaster Ave. (859) 626-8474. alternative take Also of interest in the Richmond area is White Old Frankfort Bluegrass Note: Although as a Hall State Historic Site, home of one of Pike and US state Kentucky did not secede, Kentucky’s most outspoken emancipationists, 60. 63 counties did – setting up a Cassius Marcellus Clay. Clay was a newspaper pub- Confederate government at lisher, Minister to Russia and friend of Lincoln, and On the Bowling Green in Western Kentucky.
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