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Siempelkamp Online.Pdf Aus dem Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza Eingereicht über das Institut für Virologie des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Vorkommen von Staupeviren und Zoonoseerregern bei Wildkarnivoren in Thüringen Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Timo Jan Siempelkamp Tierarzt aus Berlin Berlin 2020 Journal-Nr.: 4205 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Klaus Osterrieder Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Peter-Henning Clausen Dritter Gutachter: PD Dr. Michael Veit Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): carnivores; zoonoses; prevalence; canine distemper; Rabies lyssavirus; rabies; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; Mycobacterium bovis; Echinococcus multilocularis; Baylisascaris procyonis; Trichinella; Canine morbillivirus; intestines; lymph nodes; peyer patches; RNA; polymerase chain reaction; Thuringia Tag der Promotion: 28.10.2020 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbi- bliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <https://dnb.de> abrufbar. ISBN: 978-3-96729-083-7 Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2020 Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin D188 Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Alle Rechte, auch die der Übersetzung, des Nachdruckes und der Vervielfältigung des Buches, oder Teilen daraus, vorbehalten. Kein Teil des Werkes darf ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages in irgendeiner Form reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen, usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. This document is protected by copyright law. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of the publisher. alle Rechte vorbehalten | all rights reserved © Mensch und Buch Verlag 2020 Choriner Str. 85 - 10119 Berlin [email protected] – www.menschundbuch.de Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ................................................................................................................... I Abbildungsverzeichnis ........................................................................................................... V Tabellenverzeichnis .............................................................................................................. IX Abkürzungsverzeichnis ....................................................................................................... XIII Definitionen ....................................................................................................................... XVII 1. Einleitung ........................................................................................................................1 2. Literatur ...........................................................................................................................3 2.1. Allgemeine Angaben ................................................................................................3 2.1.1. Wildkarnivoren in Thüringen ..............................................................................3 2.1.2. Lebensraum Thüringen .....................................................................................4 2.2. Die Infektionskrankheit Staupe .................................................................................5 2.2.1. Geschichte der Staupe ......................................................................................5 2.2.2. Ätiologie ............................................................................................................6 2.2.3. Pathogenese .....................................................................................................9 2.2.4. Verlaufsformen der Staupe: Klinik und Pathologie ...........................................11 2.2.5. Diagnostik .......................................................................................................13 2.2.6. Epizootiologie ..................................................................................................14 2.3. Zooanthroponoseerreger heimischer Wildkarnivoren .............................................29 2.3.1. Rabies lyssavirus ............................................................................................29 2.3.2. Mycobacterium bovis .......................................................................................32 I 2.3.3. Trichinella spp. ................................................................................................36 2.3.4. Baylisascaris procyonis ...................................................................................38 2.3.5. Echinococcus multilocularis .............................................................................40 3. Material und Methoden ..................................................................................................45 3.1. Zielstellungen und Strategien .................................................................................45 3.2. Untersuchungsmaterial...........................................................................................46 3.2.1. Planung ...........................................................................................................46 3.2.2. Tiere und Untersuchungsspektrum ..................................................................48 3.3. Sektion ...................................................................................................................48 3.3.1. Probeneingang ................................................................................................48 3.3.2. Probenentnahme, Schutzmaßnahmen und Desinfektion .................................48 3.4. Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Staupeviren...................................................50 3.4.1. Probenvorbereitung .........................................................................................50 3.4.2. Nukleinsäureextraktion ....................................................................................51 3.4.3. Nachweis viraler Ribonukleinsäure mittels Reverse Transkriptase-quantitative Polymerase-Kettenreaktion.............................................................................51 3.4.4. Auswertung der Reverse Transkriptase-quantitative Polymerase-Kettenreaktion ............... .........................................................................................................54 3.4.5. Berechnung der Viruslast ................................................................................55 3.5. Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Tollwutviren...................................................56 3.5.1. Antigennachweis im Direkten Immunfluoreszenztest .......................................56 3.5.2. Virusisolierung in der Zellkultur .......................................................................57 3.6. Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Erregern des Mycobacterium tuberculosis- Komplex.................................................................................................................59 II 3.6.1. Nukleinsäureextraktion ....................................................................................59 3.6.2. Nachweis bakterieller Desoxyribonukleinsäure mittels quantitative Polymerase- Kettenreaktion.................................................................................................60 3.7. Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Trichinella spp. ..............................................62 3.8. Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Baylisascaris procyonis .................................63 3.9. Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Echinococcus multilocularis ..........................63 3.10. Dokumentation und softwaregestützte Auswertung ............................................64 4. Ergebnisse ....................................................................................................................66 4.1. Angaben zu den untersuchten Tieren .....................................................................66 4.2. Canine morbillivirus-Genomnachweise ...................................................................70 4.2.1. Verteilung im untersuchten Organspektrum ....................................................70 4.2.2. Zeitliche Verteilung ..........................................................................................74 4.2.3. Räumliche Verteilung ......................................................................................77 4.2.4. Bedeutung individueller Faktoren ....................................................................88 4.3. Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen auf Tollwut, Trichinella spp. und Erreger des Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Komplex.................................................................. 101 4.4. Baylisascaris procyonis-Nachweise ...................................................................... 102 4.5. Echinococcus multilocularis-Nachweise ............................................................... 103 5. Diskussion ..................................................................................................................
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