Copyright © 2020 Elissa Hope Keck Hodge All Rights Reserved. The
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Copyright © 2020 Elissa Hope Keck Hodge All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE INFLUENCE OF HAROLD BEST’S MUSIC THROUGH THE EYES OF FAITH AND UNCEASING WORSHIP ON SELECT WORSHIP AUTHORS AND EDUCATORS __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Elissa Hope Keck Hodge May 2020 APPROVAL SHEET THE INFLUENCE OF HAROLD BEST’S MUSIC THROUGH THE EYES OF FAITH AND UNCEASING WORSHIP ON SELECT WORSHIP AUTHORS AND EDUCATORS Elissa Hope Keck Hodge Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Mark T. Coppenger (Chair) __________________________________________ Esther R. Crookshank __________________________________________ Joseph R. Crider Date______________________________ “We praise you with our minds, O Lord, kept sharp to think your thought.” TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 Introduction to the Research Problem .............................................................. 1 Thesis ............................................................................................................. 3 Scope and Delimitations ................................................................................. 4 Research Methodology.................................................................................... 5 Personal Background ...................................................................................... 6 History of Research......................................................................................... 7 Primary Sources ....................................................................................... 8 Secondary Sources ................................................................................. 10 Overview of Subsequent Chapters ................................................................. 11 2. THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND AESTHETIC CONTEXT C. 1940–1990 ................................................................................................... 13 Introduction .................................................................................................. 13 Symbolism .................................................................................................... 14 Formalism and Expressionism....................................................................... 17 Social Philosophy of Music ........................................................................... 23 Empiricism ................................................................................................... 25 Christian Aesthetics ...................................................................................... 27 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 43 3. EVANGELICAL WORSHIP PHILOSOPHY AND MINISTRY IN THE U.S. C. 1940–1993 .............................................................................. 44 iv Chapter Page Introduction .................................................................................................. 44 Evangelical Worship Context of the 1940s .................................................... 45 Evangelical Worship and Cultural Changes of the 1950s ............................... 50 The Jesus Movement and Worship Philosophy of the 1960s .......................... 53 The Praise and Worship Movement of the 1970s and 1980s .......................... 61 Worship Literature of the 1970s and 1980s ................................................... 63 Calvin M. Johanson................................................................................ 63 Paul Waitman Hoon and Vic Delamont .................................................. 66 Donald P. Hustad .................................................................................. 68 Worship Literature of the 1990s through c. 2018 ........................................... 69 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 73 4. THE MAKING OF HAROLD BEST ................................................................ 75 Introduction .................................................................................................. 75 Nyack College .............................................................................................. 77 Wheaton ....................................................................................................... 79 National Association of Schools of Music ..................................................... 86 Changes in the Worship Landscape ............................................................... 92 Best's Aesthetic Philosophy as a Composer ................................................... 93 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 97 5. MUSIC THROUGH THE EYES OF FAITH AND UNCEASING WORSHIP: EXPOSITION AND SELECTED CRITICISM ............................ 101 Introduction ................................................................................................ 101 Best's Music through the Eyes of Faith ........................................................ 101 Best's Unceasing Worship ........................................................................... 128 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 154 6. THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC THROUGH THE EYES OF FAITH AND UNCEASING WORSHIP ON SELECTED WORSHIP AUTHORS AND EDUCATORS ...................................................................................... 159 v Chapter Page Introduction ................................................................................................ 159 Bob Kauflin ................................................................................................ 159 Barry Liesch and Biola College ................................................................... 165 David Music ............................................................................................... 169 Michael Card .............................................................................................. 172 Mike Cosper ............................................................................................... 176 D. Clark Measels and Carson-Newman University ...................................... 179 Joseph Crider .............................................................................................. 182 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 183 7. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 184 Appendix ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BEST'S PUBLISHED WRITINGS ......... 194 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 205 vi PREFACE With God’s calling on my life to pursue a PhD in Christian Worship at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary comes a long list of people who have aided in this journey. I am thankful for Dr. Harold Best and his graciousness in allowing me to use his writings as the topic for this project, access to his papers and unpublished materials, and the impact and influence he bears on worship literature and philosophy. I thank the authors and educators who participated in interviews for this project. I thank Dr. Mark Coppenger, chair of my dissertation committee, for his insight, enthusiasm, and wisdom graciously offered during this process. His efforts to travel for dissertation meetings as well as his help in interviews and compiling materials are so appreciated and valued. Additionally, I thank Dr. Esther Crookshank and Dr. Joseph Crider for serving as readers on the committee and offering valuable advice, suggestions, and counsel throughout the shaping, writing, and editing of this dissertation. The Research Doctoral Office staff as well as the library staff, specifically Emilie Smith in interlibrary loan, deserve many thanks for their help in tracking down and transporting sources and aiding in deadline notification and submission requirements. Special thanks to SBTS and its mission to train up leaders, pastors, educators, and missionaries for the sake of the kingdom. The training and experience I received from this institution have been tremendous. Many people have walked with me throughout my education preparing me for my time at SBTS. A host of undergraduate and graduate professors and classmates have been remarkably influential and encouraging to me throughout my studies. However, special and deliberate thanks and appreciation must be given to Dr. Angela Easterday Holder, friend, mentor, professor, colleague, and spiritual role model. I am thankful for the way Angela selflessly poured into me professionally, spiritually, and personally. She vii exemplified Christ in all areas of her life and has inspired me to invest and impact my students with the love of God.