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Byzantium and France: the Twelfth Century Renaissance and the Birth of the Medieval Romance
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-1992 Byzantium and France: the Twelfth Century Renaissance and the Birth of the Medieval Romance Leon Stratikis University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Stratikis, Leon, "Byzantium and France: the Twelfth Century Renaissance and the Birth of the Medieval Romance. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1992. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2521 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Leon Stratikis entitled "Byzantium and France: the Twelfth Century Renaissance and the Birth of the Medieval Romance." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Modern Foreign Languages. Paul Barrette, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: James E. Shelton, Patrick Brady, Bryant Creel, Thomas Heffernan Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation by Leon Stratikis entitled Byzantium and France: the Twelfth Century Renaissance and the Birth of the Medieval Romance. -
First Evidence of Rice (Oryza Cf. Sativa L.) and Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) in Roman Mursa, Croatia
Archaeol Anthropol Sci DOI 10.1007/s12520-017-0545-y ORIGINAL PAPER First evidence of rice (Oryza cf. sativa L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Roman Mursa, Croatia Kelly Reed1 & Tino Leleković2 Received: 14 March 2017 /Accepted: 18 September 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract This paper presents archaeobotanical evidence of Empire. In the newly incorporated region of Pannonia, the rice (Oryza cf. sativa L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) establishment of military installations, road systems, recovered from an early 2nd century AD septic pit excavated specialised craft production, migration and the emergence of near the centre of colonia Aelia Mursa (Osijek, Croatia). different social classes would have had a significant impact on Within Roman Panonnia the archaeobotanical record shows the diet and subsistence of the local inhabitants. By examining evidence of trade consisting mostly of local Mediterranean the archaeological remains of food, important information goods such as olives, grapes and figs, however, the recovery about people and societies can be acquired since understand- of rice and black pepper from Mursa provides the first evi- ing food production, how and where food was obtained, as dence of exotics arriving to Pannonia from Asia. Preliminary well as consumption patterns can help us approach questions thoughts on the role of these foods within the colony and who regarding status and even identity. At present, archaeologists may have been consuming them are briefly discussed. The generally tend to focus on pottery typologies rather than en- Roman period represents a time of major change in the diet vironmental remains as indicators of food economies. -
Numerical Notation: a Comparative History
This page intentionally left blank Numerical Notation Th is book is a cross-cultural reference volume of all attested numerical notation systems (graphic, nonphonetic systems for representing numbers), encompassing more than 100 such systems used over the past 5,500 years. Using a typology that defi es progressive, unilinear evolutionary models of change, Stephen Chrisomalis identifi es fi ve basic types of numerical notation systems, using a cultural phylo- genetic framework to show relationships between systems and to create a general theory of change in numerical systems. Numerical notation systems are prima- rily representational systems, not computational technologies. Cognitive factors that help explain how numerical systems change relate to general principles, such as conciseness and avoidance of ambiguity, which also apply to writing systems. Th e transformation and replacement of numerical notation systems relate to spe- cifi c social, economic, and technological changes, such as the development of the printing press and the expansion of the global world-system. Stephen Chrisomalis is an assistant professor of anthropology at Wayne State Uni- versity in Detroit, Michigan. He completed his Ph.D. at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, where he studied under the late Bruce Trigger. Chrisomalis’s work has appeared in journals including Antiquity, Cambridge Archaeological Jour- nal, and Cross-Cultural Research. He is the editor of the Stop: Toutes Directions project and the author of the academic weblog Glossographia. Numerical Notation A Comparative History Stephen Chrisomalis Wayne State University CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521878180 © Stephen Chrisomalis 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
99 9. the Sculptures FOUND in the BOULEUTERION and the Sculptural Program of the VEDIUS SCAENAE FRONS364 the Sculptures Found I
99 9. THE SCULPTURES FOUND IN THE BOULEUTERION AND THE SCULPTURAL PROGRAM OF THE VEDIUS SCAENAE FRONS364 The sculptures found in the Bouleuterion were mainly discovered by J. T. Wood in the early 1860s. Two frag- ments of inscribed statue bases (sculp. 1.3 and 1.6, see chapter 9.5, pls. 67, 2; 68) were recorded by J. Keil in 1908, whereas W. Alzinger’s excavations in 1970 yielded only one small fragment of a male head (sculp. 2.4, pl. 70, 2). About half of the sculptures are attested only by inscribed statue bases or are mentioned in Wood’s letters to the British Museum. As far as we know, Wood sent three sculptures (sculp. 1.1; 1.4; 2.3, pls. 66; 69; 70, 1.3) to the British Museum; one of them (sculp. 1.4, pls. 69; 70, 1) was returned to the Imperial Ottoman Museum in Constantinople. A fourth piece, the statue of a Muse (sculp. 2.1, pls. 70, 4; 71), was also intended for the British Museum, but sank with the ship off the coast of Syros. It was retrieved in a partially damaged state from the sea and is now displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Syros (see below, chapter 9.2). The whereabouts of five other bases or plinths and sculptures (sculp. 1.2; 1.5; 2.2; 3.1; 3.2; pl. 67, 1) found by Wood are unknown. The fragment of the inscribed base sculp. 1.3 is stored in the epigraphic depot at the site of Ephesos; the location of the fragment of the base sculp. -
Relationship Between Climate Change and Wars Between Nomadic and Farming Groups from the Western 1 Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty Period 2
1 Relationship between Climate Change and Wars between Nomadic and Farming Groups from the Western 2 Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty period 3 4 Y. Su 1 , L. Liu 1, X.Q. Fang 1, and Y.N. Ma 1,2 5 1. School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 6 2.Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Middle School, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China 7 8 Abstract: In ancient China, the change in regional agriculture and animal husbandry productivity caused by 9 climate change led to either wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. From the 10 Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty there were 367 wars between the two groups. The nomadic people 11 initiated 69% of the wars, but 62.4% were won by the farmers. At a centennial timescale, the battlefields were 12 mostly in the northern areas (average latitude 38.92°N) in warm periods, and the battlefields were moved 13 southwards (average latitude 34.66°N) in cold periods. At decadal timescale, warm climates corresponded to 14 a high incidence of wars (correlation coefficient is 0.293). In the periods being dry and cold, the farming 15 groups were eager to initiate wars while the opportunity of victory reduced. The main causes which leading to 16 the above results are following: ①Warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and 17 farming groups, especially contributed to improve the productivity of nomadic group; meanwhile, the 18 excessive desire for essential means of subsistence in nomadic group could led to wars. -
Anāhitā: Transformations of an Iranian Goddess Inauguraldissertation Zur
Anāhitā: Transformations of an Iranian Goddess Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie dem Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Manya Saadi-nejad 2019 First Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Maria Macuch Second Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Almut Hintze Date of defense: 15 April 2019 ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii A Note on Transcriptions viii Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Chapter One: Scholarly Studies on Anāhitā 10 1.1 The Yašts and “monotheism” 13 1.1.1 The Ābān Yašt 14 1.2 Anāhitā’s Roots 15 1.3 Anāhitā’s Name and Epithets 20 1.4 Anāhitā’s description 23 Chapter Two: The Primary Sources 31 2.1 The Textual Sources in Iranian Languages: Avestan Texts 33 2.1.1 The Yasna 34 2.1.2 The Yašts 35 2.1.3 The Hāδōxt Nask 37 2.2 Middle Persian Sources 37 2.2.1 The Bundahišn 38 2.2.2 The Dēnkard 39 2.2.3 The Wizīdagīhā-ī Zādspram 40 2.2.4 The Zand ī Wahman Yasn 41 2.2.5 The Dādestān ī Mēnog ī Xrad 42 2.2.6 The Ardā Wīrāz nāmag 42 2.2.7 The Abadīh ud sahīgīh ī Sag(k)istān 43 2.2.8 The Ayādgār ī Wuzurg-mihr 43 2.3 Old and Middle Persian Inscriptions and Iconography 44 2.4 The Greco-Roman Texts 45 2.5 Vedic sources 46 2.6 Mesopotamian sources 47 2.7 Archaeological Sources 49 2.7.1 Indo-European Archeological Sites 49 2.7.2 Archaeological Sites in Iran 50 2.7.2.1 Anāhitā’s Temples 51 2.8 Sources from the Islamic Period 52 2.8.1 The Šāh-nāmeh (“Book of Kings”) 52 2.8.2 Other Sources from the Islamic Period 54 2.8.3 Oral and Folk Traditions 55 2.9 Problems -
Hinduism-And-The-Religious-Arts.Pdf
RELIGION AND THE ARTS Series Editor: John Hinnells, University of Derby The arts have always been one of the primary means of communicating religious traditions; indeed, visual or performing arts may complement, predate or supplant many scriptural sources. This series explores how the visible has been used to express the invisible, and is designed to provide an understanding of the world's religions through the various art forms associated with religious practice and experience. Already published Art and Religion in Africa by Rosalind I. J. Hackett Arts in the Religions of the Pacific by Albert C. Moore Ganesa, Orissa, thirteenth century. Hinduism and the Religious Arts Heather Elgood CASSELL London and New York Cassell Wellington House, 125 Strand, London WC2R OBB 370 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017-6550 First published 1999 First published in paperback 2000 © Heather Elgood 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-304-70739-2 (paperback) ISBN 0-304-33820-6 (hardback) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Elgood, Heather, 1950- Hinduism and the religious arts / Heather Elgood. p. cm.—(Religion and the arts) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-304-33820-6 (hardcover) 1. Art, Hindu—India. 2. Art, Indie-India. 3. Hindu symbolism. 4. Art patronage-India. -
A Rt and D Esign
A RT AND D ESIGN D EPARTMENT O FFICE Art and Design Studios/South Henry D. Lee Hall Phone: 906-227-2194 Fax: 906-227-2276 Web Page: http://art.nmu.edu/department/home.html Department Head: Michael J. Cinelli • [email protected] Art and Design at NMU • photography The objective of the Art and Design Department is to prepare • printmaking students for participation in the professional fields of art, design •product design and education, broadening the scope of their experience by pro- • sculpture viding intellectual support for art beyond the limits of studio • woodworking skills. The department, through the Northern Michigan University Art Museum, also provides students with exposure to exhibitions Student Organizations exemplifying the cultural breadth of the visual arts from national, •Art Students League regional and local sources, including the university’s permanent • National/Michigan Art Education Association art collection. Graduates of the program are employed through- out the country in careers ranging from art directors and art Department Facilities teachers to entrepreneurs of large and small enterprises. The Art and Design department has professionally equipped, safe, well ventilated studios to support 14 concentrations. The Liberal studies and art courses are combined in programs that following equipment is included in the classroom/studios: lead to the bachelor of fine arts, bachelor of arts, bachelor of sci- ence, or a two-year associate of applied arts degree. The depart- • large induction furnace ment also offers the required courses for art teacher certification, • ceramic kilns a non-teaching art and design minor and an art history minor. • casting and blacksmithing facilities • computer labs The department provides support courses in the technical com- • woodworking, papermaking, digital video facilities munications major (see “Interdisciplinary and Individually • photography darkrooms (color and black and white) Created Programs” section of this bulletin). -
The Roman Food System in Southern Pannonia (Croatia) from the 1St–4Th Century A.D
Open Archaeology 2020; 6: 38–62 Original Study Kelly Reed*, Ivana Ožanić Roguljić The Roman Food System in Southern Pannonia (Croatia) From the 1st–4th Century A.D. https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0105 Received December 20, 2019; accepted April 2, 2020 Abstract: Food is an excellent medium through which to explore trade, economies, migration and landscapes, yet little is known about food production and consumption in the Roman province of Pannonia. Here we explore the current evidence for agriculture, trade and diet in southern Pannonia (modern day eastern Croatia) and what this may say about life in the region. The influx of new ‘exotic’ foods and technologies had a profound influence on this region. The limited archaeobotanical data suggests complex trade and local agricultural systems that allowed large towns such as Mursa, Cibalae and Siscia to gain access to a wide range of food items. The large quantities of pottery found not only helps us understand traded goods but also the local tastes and fashions, as well as to infer the types of dishes that could have been cooked. More evidence is clearly needed in this region but what we can see so far is that urban centres along the Danube Limes were firmly integrated within the wider Roman food system and that diets were probably quite varied for many who lived there. Keywords: Archaeobotany, Pottery, Zooarchaeology, Food system, Roman frontier 1 Introduction Food not only provides us with nourishment to grow and be healthy, but occupies a special place in our lives, connecting us to people, helping us mark milestones and linking us with our cultural heritage. -
Christian Communities in Western Asia Minor Into the Early Second Century: Ignatius and Others As Witnesses Against Bauer
JETS 49/1 (March 2006) 17–44 CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES IN WESTERN ASIA MINOR INTO THE EARLY SECOND CENTURY: IGNATIUS AND OTHERS AS WITNESSES AGAINST BAUER paul trebilco* i. introduction Walter Bauer’s book Rechtgläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Chris- tentum was published in 1934. The English translation, entitled Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity and published in 1971,1 gave the book a new lease on life. This book has had a significant impact on scholarship on the NT and the early Church. It is to this work and its legacy that I will devote this paper. Bauer summarized his argument in this way: “Perhaps—I repeat, per- haps—certain manifestations of Christian life that the authors of the church renounce as ‘heresies’ originally had not been such at all, but, at least here and there, were the only form of the new religion—that is, for those regions they were simply ‘Christianity.’ The possibility also exists that their adherents constituted the majority, and that they looked down with hatred and scorn on the orthodox, who for them were the false believers.”2 Both chronological and numerical dimensions were important in Bauer’s argument. He thought that what would later be called heresy was often “primary” and hence the original form of Christianity, and that in some places and at some times, heresy had a numerical advantage and outnumbered what came to be called orthodoxy.3 * Paul Trebilco is professor and head of the department of theology and religious studies at The University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. -
Northern Michigan Univeristy Grade Array in Courses Numbered Less Than 200 Fall 2016
Northern Michigan Univeristy Grade Array in Courses Numbered Less Than 200 Fall 2016 Course ID Dept Code Credits A B C D F I MG S U W Total Unsatisfactory % Unsatisfactory COS 198 TOS 1 12 12 12 100.0% COS 198 TOS 2 12 12 12 100.0% COS 198 TOS 3 12 12 12 100.0% COS 198 TOS 4 12 12 12 100.0% AUT 105 TOS 4 5 3 2 2 12 7 58.3% COS 111 TOS 4 1 7 5 4 2 19 11 57.9% AUT 170 TOS 4 2 5 2 4 1 14 7 50.0% AUT 100 TOS 1 2 5 2 1 7 17 8 47.1% PY 100L PY 4 40 57 70 45 33 52 297 130 43.8% BI 104 BI 4 19 21 11 7 17 11 86 35 40.7% HV 172 TOS 4 3 3 2 3 2 13 5 38.5% MA 104 MA 4 6 29 19 8 9 16 87 33 37.9% COS 113 TOS 8 2 6 4 2 3 2 19 7 36.8% MA 103 MA 4 15 32 37 12 11 26 133 49 36.8% CIS 110 BUS 4 39 19 16 14 16 11 115 41 35.7% PL 160 PL 4 11 8 3 4 2 1 5 34 12 35.3% CH 112 CH 5 10 22 22 9 5 14 82 28 34.1% HM 101 TOS 4 6 10 11 3 5 6 41 14 34.1% MA 100 MA 4 18 36 37 20 9 16 136 45 33.1% MA 150 MA 4 3 9 11 5 1 5 34 11 32.4% CIS 100 BUS 2 10 5 4 3 22 7 31.8% AIS 101 LIBR 1 4 4 3 4 1 16 5 31.3% MA 163 MA 4 14 10 8 2 3 3 6 45 14 31.1% CH 109 CH 4 17 19 13 8 5 9 71 22 31.0% AD 120 AD 4 11 20 7 5 6 6 55 17 30.9% PY 100S PY 4 38 31 27 16 9 16 137 41 29.9% IM 115 TOS 2 9 6 11 9 2 37 11 29.7% MA 111 MA 4 9 9 18 2 6 7 51 15 29.4% OIS 171 BUS 4 6 4 2 3 1 1 17 5 29.4% AS 103 PH 4 9 20 12 7 4 6 58 17 29.3% LPM 101 CJ 4 5 9 3 4 3 24 7 29.2% MA 090 MA 4 15 29 16 10 7 1 8 86 25 29.1% AMT 102 TOS 6 2 3 1 1 7 2 28.6% CJ 110 CJ 4 35 37 13 8 19 7 119 34 28.6% BI 111 BI 4 62 68 55 24 26 20 255 70 27.5% WD 180 TOS 4 18 3 3 2 4 3 33 9 27.3% OIS 183 BUS 4 1 4 6 2 1 1 15 4 26.7% PS 112 -
Bulletin 218: Contributions from Thf Museum of History and Technology ; —
Contributions from The Museum of History and Technology: Paper 6 On the Origin of Clockwork, Compass Perpetual Motion Devices, and the Solla Price Derek J. de POWER AND MOTION GEARING S3 MECHANICAL CLOCKS 84 MECHANIZED ASTRONOMICAL MODELS 88 BEFORE DE DONDl 108 PFRPETUAL motion AND THE CLOCK KELLO. -TRAVELER FROM CHINA UO THE MAGNETIC COMPASS AS A 81 ON THE ORIGIN OF CLOCKWORK, PERPETUAL MOTION DEVICES AND THE COMPASS By Derek J. cle Solla Price Ancestor of the mechanical clock hiis bei'ii thoi/gl.it by some to be the sundial. Actually these devices represent two different approaches to the problem of timekeeping. True ancestor of the clock is to be found among the highly complex astronomical machines which man has been building since Hellenic times to illustrate the relative motions of the heavenly bodies. This study— its findings will be used in preparing the Museum' s netv hall on the history of timekeeping— traces this ancestry back through 2,000 years of history on three continents. The Author; Derek J. de Solla Price ivrote this paper while serving as consultant to the Museum of History and Technology of the Smithsonian Institu- tion s United States National Museum. In each successive age this coiistrucdon, For the mechanical chxk, perhaps the greatest having become lost, is, by the Sun's favour, hindrance has been its treatment within a self- again revealed to some one or other at his contained "history of time measurement" in which pleasure. (Surj/a Siddhanta. cd. Burgess, xiii, sundials, water-clocks and similar de\'ices assume 18-19.) the natiual role of ancestors to the weight-driven THK HISTORIES of the mechanical clock and the escapement clock in the early 14th century.' This magnetic compass must be accounted amongst view must presume that a generally sophisticated the most tortured of all our efforts to understand the know ledge of gearing antedates the in\eniion of the origins of man's important inxentions.