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The Pennsylvania Assembly's Conflict with the Penns, 1754-1768
Liberty University “The Jaws of Proprietary Slavery”: The Pennsylvania Assembly’s Conflict With the Penns, 1754-1768 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the History Department in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in History by Steven Deyerle Lynchburg, Virginia March, 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Liberty or Security: Outbreak of Conflict Between the Assembly and Proprietors ......9 Chapter 2: Bribes, Repeals, and Riots: Steps Toward a Petition for Royal Government ..............33 Chapter 3: Securing Privilege: The Debates and Election of 1764 ...............................................63 Chapter 4: The Greater Threat: Proprietors or Parliament? ...........................................................90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................113 1 Introduction In late 1755, the vituperative Reverend William Smith reported to his proprietor Thomas Penn that there was “a most wicked Scheme on Foot to run things into Destruction and involve you in the ruins.” 1 The culprits were the members of the colony’s unicameral legislative body, the Pennsylvania Assembly (also called the House of Representatives). The representatives held a different opinion of the conflict, believing that the proprietors were the ones scheming, in order to “erect their desired Superstructure of despotic Power, and reduce to -
Quakers and the Language of Indian Diplomacy
Native American-European Contact Background Reading In the Colonial Period QUAKERS AND THE LANGUAGE OF INDIAN DIPLOMACY Jane Merritt, “Quakers and the Language of Indian Diplomacy," in At the Crossroads: Indians and Empires on a Mid-Atlantic Frontier, 1700-1763. Durham: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003, pps. 210-218. When whites and Indians came together in political arenas, they brought [210] different assumptions about the form and function of these negotiations, ren- dering mutual trust or even understanding at times elusive For eastern Al- gonquian cultures, as well as the Iroquois, the goal of treat) negotiations was to reach a consensus among parties through extensive discourse. If conflicts arose between individuals or families, those involved spoke their mind in council. Civil leaders would diplomatically arbitrate between differ- ing opinions until they arrived at an appropriate judgment or decision that represented the "collective wisdom" of the community. Everything that un- folded during the conference became part o: the agreement, and it was as- sumed that certain common problems such as land use, economic assistance, and political alliances, all important to community stability, would be renewed or renegotiated at regular intervals. Since native leaders had no formal means to coerce agreement, political power and authority rested on oral traditions, memory, and particular speech forms used for persuasion. Ritual language was a mean: of appropriating personal power and obtaining spiritual assis- tance to influence other people and the situation at hand. Indians customarily used strings and belts of wampum to perform and remember these rituals and to send messages between communities. -
A New Jersey Haven for Some Acculturated Lenape of Pennsylvania During the Indian Wars of the 1760S
322- A New Jersey Haven for Some Acculturated Lenape of Pennsylvania During the Indian Wars of the 1760s Marshall Joseph Becker West Chester University INTRODUCTION Accounts of Indian depredations are as old as the colonization of the New World, but examples of concerted assistance to Native Americans are few. Particu- larly uncommon are cases in which whites extended aid to Native Americans dur- ing periods when violent conflicts were ongoing and threatening large areas of the moving frontier. Two important examples of help being extended by the citizens of Pennsyl- vania and NewJersey to Native Americans of varied backgrounds who were fleeing from the trouble-wracked Pennsylvania colony took place during the period of the bitter Indian wars of the 1760s. The less successful example, the thwarted flight of the Moravian converts from the Forks of Delaware in Pennsylvania and their attempted passage through New Jersey, is summarized here in the appendices. The second and more successful case involved a little known cohort of Lenape from Chester County, Pennsylvania. These people had separated from their native kin by the 1730s and taken up permanent residence among colonial farmers. Dur- ing the time of turmoil for Pennsylvanians of Indian origin in the 1760s, this group of Lenape lived for seven years among the citizens of NewJersey. These cases shed light on the process of acculturation of Native American peoples in the colonies and also on the degree to which officials of the Jersey colony created a relatively secure environment for all the people of this area. They also provide insights into differences among various Native American groups as well as between traditionalists and acculturated members of the same group.' ANTI-NATIVE SENTIMENT IN THE 1760S The common English name for the Seven Years War (1755-1763), the "French and Indian War," reflects the ethnic alignments and generalized prejudices reflected in the New World manifestations of this conflict. -
The ^Penn Collection
The ^Penn Collection A young man, William Penn fell heir to the papers of his distinguished father, Admiral Sir William Penn. This collec- A tion, the foundation of the family archives, Penn carefully preserved. To it he added records of his own, which, with the passage of time, constituted a large accumulation. Just before his second visit to his colony, Penn sought to put the most pertinent of his American papers in order. James Logan, his new secretary, and Mark Swanner, a clerk, assisted in the prepara- tion of an index entitled "An Alphabetical Catalogue of Pennsylvania Letters, Papers and Affairs, 1699." Opposite a letter and a number in this index was entered the identifying endorsement docketed on the original manuscript, and, to correspond with this entry, the letter and number in the index was added to the endorsement on the origi- nal document. When completed, the index filled a volume of about one hundred pages.1 Although this effort showed order and neatness, William Penn's papers were carelessly kept in the years that followed. The Penn family made a number of moves; Penn was incapacitated and died after a long illness; from time to time, business agents pawed through the collection. Very likely, many manuscripts were taken away for special purposes and never returned. During this period, the papers were in the custody of Penn's wife; after her death in 1726, they passed to her eldest son, John Penn, the principal proprietor of Pennsylvania. In Philadelphia, there was another collection of Penn deeds, real estate maps, political papers, and correspondence. -
Conrad Weiser Papers 0700 Finding Aid Prepared by Sarah Newhouse and Anna Baechtold Georgi
Conrad Weiser papers 0700 Finding aid prepared by Sarah Newhouse and Anna Baechtold Georgi. Last updated on November 09, 2018. Historical Society of Pennsylvania November 2011 Conrad Weiser papers Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 4 Related Materials........................................................................................................................................... 5 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................6 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................8 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 9 - Page 2 - Conrad Weiser papers Summary Information Repository Historical Society of Pennsylvania Creator Weiser, Conrad, 1696-1760. Creator Weiser, Samuel, 1735-1794. Title Conrad Weiser papers Call number 0700 Date [inclusive] 1741-1783 Extent 1.33 linear feet (2 boxes, 4 volumes) Language English Language of Materials note Materials are in English and German. Mixed materials (00006990)1 [Volume] Mixed materials -
The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730--1795
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795 Richard S. Grimes West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Grimes, Richard S., "The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4150. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4150 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730-1795 Richard S. Grimes Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth A. -
400-36 S 3RD ST, AKA 301-17 LOMBARD ST Proposal: Construct Parish Hall Review Requested: Final Approval Owner: St
ADDRESS: 400-36 S 3RD ST, AKA 301-17 LOMBARD ST Proposal: Construct parish hall Review Requested: Final Approval Owner: St. Peter's Church Applicant: David Ade, SMP Architects History: 1758; St. Peter's Church and Yard Individual Designation: 4/30/1957 District Designation: Society Hill Historic District, Significant, 3/10/1999 Staff Contact: Laura DiPasquale, [email protected] BACKGROUND: The property in question, 400-36 S. 3rd Street, is a large parcel that occupies much of the block bounded by Pine, S. 3rd, Lombard, and S. 4th Streets. St. Peter’s Church stands at the northeast corner of the site. St. Peter’s Cemetery occupies much of the northern half of the site. The southwest corner of the site, a surface parking lot, is being subdivided from 400-36 S. 3rd Street as 301-17 Lombard Street. St. Peter’s Church proposes to build a parish hall on the site. The overall property, 400-36 S. 3rd Street, was individually designated in 1957 and was included in the Society Hill Historic District as a Significant resource in 1999. Although part of the larger tax parcel at 400-36 S. 3rd Street at the time of designation, the surface parking lot at 301-17 Lombard Street is separately classified as Contributing for its archaeological potential, but not for any aboveground resources. The Historical Commission reviewed and approved a design for the parish hall in 2019, with the requirement that the property owner conduct an archaeological investigation. Since that time, the archaeological investigation has been completed and a new architect has taken over and revised the design of the parish hall. -
Easton Before the French and Indian War
EASTON BEFORE THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR By A. D. CHIDSEY, JR. Easton, Pennsylvania IN 1752 Easton was laid out and the sale of lots begun. It had the distinction of being named the county seat of the newly erected county of Northampton. It is hard to conceive of any town starting out under less auspicious circumstances. A ferry across the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, a healthful climate, and beautiful scenery were, with one exception, the chief and only assets of this new born community. The one exception was the fact that it had been made the county seat. I doubt that without this advantage Easton would have survived. The growth of the town was slow. In September, 1752, there were but three houses, although during the following winter eleven families comprised the settlement. Notwithstanding the size of the town, its struggle for existence and its poverty, Easton in its first ten years secured a place in the history of our state and nation which it has never since reached. This was due to force of circumstances rather than to any inherent quality in the town or its inhabitants. By the time settlers first penetrated the northern wilderness of Bucks county, William Penn had died and the Province had passed into the control of his sons, John, Thomas, and Richard. The high ideals which governed William Penn in his dealings with the Indians did not influence the conduct of his sons. To them the acquisition of the Province was a tremendous land transaction and their only interest was, I believe, a monetary one. -
Toward 1756: the Political Genesis of Joseph Galloway
By Bruce R. Lively Los ANGELES COUNTY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY TOWARD 1756: THE POLITICAL GENESIS OF JOSEPH GALLOWAY T HE PARTNERSHIP formed in 1756 by Benjamin Franklin and Joseph Galloway dominated assembly politics in pre-Revolu- tionary Pennsylvania and influenced both of their careers. Together they transformed a weak association of Quaker representatives into the most powerful assembly party in America, challenged the pro- prietors with a sophisticated campaign for royal government, and offered daring solutions for the turbulent problems of Anglo- American relations. But their association has perplexed scholars because Franklin's voluminous papers, personal charm and staunch patriotism seem to overshadow the accomplishments of his younger partner. Galloway's sparse correspondence, abrasive ways, and eventual flight as a Tory also detract from his importance as a leader in his own right. Galloway emerges in Pennsylvania politics as an inexperienced newcomer who admired Franklin and matured only under his tutelage. Most historians view him as a "bland" or "narrow" intellect and see little need for examining his origins to determine what assets he contributed to the powerful alliance.' This is unfor- tunate because Galloway was an independent thinker of exceptional 1. Benjamin H. Newcomb, Franklin and Galloway: A Political Partnership (New Haven, 1972), pp. 7-8; William S. Hanna, Benjamin Franklin and Pennsylvania Politics (Stan- ford, 1964), p. 104; John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943), pp. 136-37. Julian P. Boyd, Anglo-American Union: Joseph Galloway's Plans to Preserve the British Empire, 1774-1788 (Philadelphia, 1941); William H. Nelson, The American Toly (Oxford, 1961); and David L. -
Robert Hunter Morris and the Politics of Indian Affairs in Pennsylvania, 1754-1755
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1995 Robert Hunter Morris and the Politics of Indian Affairs in Pennsylvania, 1754-1755 Charles Michael Downing College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Downing, Charles Michael, "Robert Hunter Morris and the Politics of Indian Affairs in Pennsylvania, 1754-1755" (1995). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626005. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-y2wn-7396 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROBERT HUNTER MORRIS AND THE POLITICS OF INDIAN AFFAIRS IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1754-1755 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Charles Michael Downing 1995 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, August 1995 A xm JUL James Axtell bhn E. Si James P. Whittenbui TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... -
Thomas Coombeg Loyalist J
Thomas Coombeg Loyalist J. Walta High Dredl Uu -4 tv., , A At the outreak of the Revolutionay War Philadelphias joint Episcopal parish of Chri Church and St. Pee's had the luxury of a clerical staff of fouL Richard Peters served a vecro but-would mum before the end of 1775 due to age and infi> mitie The senior assistant minister was Jacob Duchi, appointed in 1759. There were two relatively new Thoms Coombe and William White, who were appointed togethr in 1772. These three assistants- had a great ded in common in addition to their ages and profssion. Their fatr, Thomas Coombe. Esq., Jacob Dud6i- SL, and Colonel Thomas White wer all associated with what has come to be called the proprietary gentry.' While they did not represent the wealthiest htheir familin were relatively well-to-do. Al were educated at dw College and Academy of Philadelphia under the direction of the PReverendWilliam Smith, D.D., and ordained priests in the Church of England by the Bishop of Thomas Coombe, Loyalist 277 London. At their ordination they took the prescribed Oath of the King's Sovereignty which added a clear political obligation to their oath to God.2 But although all of these assistants represented the Church of England, their reactions to the war were very different. White quietly accepted the American position, eventually became chaplain to the Congress, and, after the war, a leader in a new elite built on the ruins of the old proprietary gentry. He served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania in the new Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. -
The Armewamus Band of New Jersey: Other Clues to Differences Between the Lenopi and Lenape
West Chester University Digital Commons @ West Chester University Anthropology & Sociology Faculty Publications Anthropology & Sociology Fall 2010 The Armewamus Band of New Jersey: Other Clues to Differences Between the Lenopi and Lenape Marshall Joseph Becker Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/anthrosoc_facpub Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Pennsylvania Archaeologist Bulletin of the SOCIETY FOR PENNSYLVANIA ARCHAEOLOGY, INC. ISSN: 0031-4358 Printed by: Prestige Color Lancaster, Pennsylvania Volume 80 Fall 2010 No. 2 Table of Contents The Discovery of Fort Morris, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania Stephen G. Warfel and Paul G. Marr 1 The Enigmatic Vestal Phase of the Late Archaic .... Laurie Miroff 30 Birdstones: Some Clarifications from Maryland Dennis C. Curry 50 The Armewamus Band of New Jersey: Other Clues to Differences Between the Lenopi and Lenape Marshall Joseph Becker 61 Human Head Effigy Found at the Ebbert Spring Site (36FR367), Franklin County, Pennsylvania Ronald D. Powell 73 Artifact 78 ©2010 The Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology, Inc. 61 THE ARMEWAMUS BAND OF NEW JERSEY: OTHER CLUES TO DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LENOPI AND LENAPE MARSHALL JOSEPH BECKER ABSTRACT During the Contact era, the Lenape and Lenopi occupied southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey respectively. The dozen or more bands of Lenape, all living west of the Delaware River in southeastern Pennsylvania, are rarely identified by band name in the colonial records. However, colonial documents often identify band names of the Lenopi, who lived just across the Delaware River from the Lenape in southern New Jersey. Lenopi band names derive from specific locations; for example, the people called Armewamus who lived at Armewomink, an area north of Big Timber Creek.