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(Ukrainian-Polish) Oikonymy from the Perspective of Typological Studies in Onomastics

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(Ukrainian-Polish) Oikonymy from the Perspective of Typological Studies in Onomastics Science and Education a New Dimension. Philology, IV(18), Issue: 80, 2016 www.seanewdim.com Slavic Regional (Ukrainian-Polish) Oikonymy from the Perspective of Typological Studies in Onomastics Ya. Redkva* Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Paper received 2016.01.27; Revised 2016.01.30; Accepted for publication 2016.02.20. Abstract. In the present study the author proposes new theoretical and methodological approaches to study of Western Ukrainian and Eastern Polish oikonymic systems. The author proposes three major onomastic methods: comparative-typological, comparative- historical, and descriptive. Specific derivational types of place names of the area in the specified time span are analysed in the paper. Important conclusions about cultural-historical, ethno-linguistic, and physical-geographical realia that had an impact on the evolution of the Ukrainian and Polish peoples, common territory of their living are drawn in the study. Keywords: place name, toponym, oikonym, typological onomastics, oikonymic system, Slavic onomastics, historical onomastics. At present we have analyses about productive develop- about realia of separate countries and epochs, about types ment of comparative typological studies of non-cognate of landscape, and the social significance of notions re- language toponymic systems, in particular Ukrainian and flected in lexical stems of the names. The linguistic char- American, German, French [1], [2], Ukrainian and Ger- acter of the typological study of oikonymic systems ex- man [3], and Ukrainian and Rumanian [4], [5]. trapolates into a wide circle of extralinguistic ties, pro- But, alas, at present there are practically no monographic moting and singling out onymic systems from common typological studies of cognate toponymical systems, such linguistic ones, and uniting oikonymic vocabulary on the as toponymical systems of Ukrainian and Polish Lan- basis of its extralinguistic focus. Analysed typology of the guages. It is extremely important to fill in such a gap in systems is determined by its connection with the objects Slavic linguistics. When we analyse similar and different they signify, their landscape characteristics, and different characteristics in the structure and semantics of Ukrainian anthropogenic, social, and legal factors. As the same and Polish oikonyms, we can draw important conclusions place names stems are repeated in the names of Ukrainian about cultural, historical, ethnolinguistic and geographical and Polish locales, we can speak about onym clusters that and physical realia that objectively formed potential moti- have their own forms, and regularities of formation and vational basis for coining this class of names. development that are changeable in time structurally, The logic of modern onomastic science development spatially, and functionally. Thus, the place name Судова (particularly its interdisciplinary character), accumulated Вишня Sudova Vyshnia [Court Cherry], situated in Lviv material, and theoretical and lexicographical works in the Oblast, played different role in the Ukrainian and Polish world of toponymics urges us to transfer from descriptive toponymical systems having live lexical ties with differ- and comparative historical study of toponymic (in particu- ent place names and appellatives, and comprised a differ- lar oikonymic) systems within cognate and non-cognate ent critical mass in the systems. languages, and to their further typological interlingual Thus, in the Middle Ages, when the area belonged to analysis, to the establishment of similarities and differ- the Polish state, congresses of Polish kings took place in ences at different structural levels that have significance this locale, as did court sessions. In the new times, the both for national and general linguistics. Ukrainian population associated the place with the tree Typological study of oikonyms opens up wide vistas, name (< appellative вишня vyshnia cherry), losing the specifically in the direction of comparing cognate topo- collective memory of the semantics of the adjectival com- nymic systems in cognate (Slavic) languages. It requires ponent судова “appointed for court” as unimportant real- from onomasts a deep knowledge of the regularities of ia. The specific character of these separate oikonymic oikonym coinage in each of the compared languages, clusters is designated by specific stages of historical and perfect knowledge of typological methods, and – when cultural development of the Ukrainian and Polish peoples. needed – application of comparative historical and histor- As a result of comparative study of the oikonymic sys- ical typological methods. tems of both peoples and their functioning in different life We believe that the proposed study is stipulated by the situations, we shall get additional evidence about the very character of Ukrainian and Polish oikonyms that national character of Ukrainian and Polish Languages. affects the linguistic practice of both peoples (Ukrainian The topicality of comparative typological analysis of and Polish) and accompanies it in all spheres of life. Such oikonymy enables us to deeper understand the regularities disciplines as linguistic geography, areal linguistics, of the toponymical system of a native language and its dialectology, history of linguistic contacts, history of specific character compared with other languages. Typo- settlement of territories, history, geography, literary stud- logical study of oikonyms will lead the present study ies, and sociology, cannot do without toponymic studies beyond traditional stereotypes (outdated methodology of results, i.e. the information that a place name carries studies, understanding nomination processes of cognate through time and place of its creation, about the people oikonymic systems etc.), i.e. it will be of enormous signif- who coined it, and the surrounding physical and geo- icance for further theoretical and practical studies in Slav- graphical realia. ic and world onomastics as a whole. On the other hand, the data of the above mentioned Therefore, typological comparison of oikonyms of sciences provide the necessary information for onomastics Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland (synchronic and 73 Science and Education a New Dimension. Philology, IV(18), Issue: 80, 2016 www.seanewdim.com diachronic aspects) will widen general onomastic theory with the dominance of the village population in them, and the general typology of language concerning its spe- which did not encourage the founding of villages on that cific branch, and comparative typological analyses of land. The positive trend for village foundation was the onyms (in our case – place names/onyms) will enable us formation of new folwark serf economic relations. Ac- to speak about “onym universals” that vouches for com- cording to modern administrative division, our research mon trends in human thinking in the sphere of place focuses on Lviv, Ternopil, and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblasts names nominations, and about anthropological peculiar- of Western Ukraine and the territory of Podkarpackie (20 ities of people, geographical environment, historical, districts) and Liublin Voivodeships of Eastern Poland. social, economic and other factors. The common and Contradictory etymologies of place names suggested stereotypical character of these factors for both peoples by Polish and Ukrainian scholars will be solved by ana- stipulates the availability in the Ukrainian and Polish lysing linguistic material of the same type from the above Languages certain universal features. Due to the estab- mentioned Slavic lands. We shall work out criteria to lishment of the typology of Ukrainian Polish oikonymic differentiate place names derived from anthroponyms and systems of Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland, and the appellatives. According to derivational structure and se- substantiation of the character of genetic relations among mantics of basic appellatives, Western Ukrainian and them, we can validate a number of oikonymic regularities. Eastern Polish oikonymy of the region will be divided The topicality of comparative typological analysis of into place names of oikonymic and pre-oikonymic level oikonymy enables us to deeper understand the regularities of derivation. Among oikonymic place names we can of the toponymical system of a native language and its hypothetically single out oikonyms derived from an- specific character compared with other languages. Typo- throponyms ending in Ukr. -ychi / Pol. -ice, Ukr. -ivtsi / logical study of oikonyms will lead the present study Pol. -owce,Ukr. -yntsi, Pol. -yńce Ukr. -any(-yany) / Pol. - beyond traditional stereotypes (outdated methodology of any, those ending in -y/-i, formed from ethnic, generic, studies, understanding nomination processes of cognate official names; and those derived from appellatives with oikonymic systems etc.), i.e. it will be of enormous signif- suffixes *-jь, *-je, *-ja; those derived from hydronyms icance for further theoretical and practical studies in Slav- ending in -ets, possessives ending in Ukr. -iv (-ova, -ovo, - ic and world onomastics as a whole. ove)/ Pol. ów(-owa, -owo), oikonyms with suffix Ukr. - Therefore, typological comparison of oikonyms of ivka / Pol. -ówka; composite oikonyms and oikonyms- Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland (synchronic and phrases. From the point of view of comparative analysis diachronic aspects) will widen general onomastic theory in old Ukrainian and old Polish period we can single out
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