DOCSLIB.ORG

Unusual Structures and Cytotoxicities of Chitonoidosides A, A1, B, C, D, and E, Six Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus Chitonoides

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unusual Structures and Cytotoxicities of Chitonoidosides A, A1, B, C, D, and E, Six Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus Chitonoides marine drugs Article Unusual Structures and Cytotoxicities of Chitonoidosides A, A1, B, C, D, and E, Six Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus chitonoides Alexandra S. Silchenko, Anatoly I. Kalinovsky, Sergey A. Avilov, Pelageya V. Andrijaschenko, Roman S. Popov, Pavel S. Dmitrenok , Ekaterina A. Chingizova and Vladimir I. Kalinin * G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; [email protected] (A.S.S.); [email protected] (A.I.K.); [email protected] (S.A.A.); [email protected] (P.V.A.); [email protected] (R.S.P.); [email protected] (P.S.D.); [email protected] (E.A.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +7-(423)2-31-40-50 Abstract: Six new triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, chitonoidosides A (1), A1 (2), B (3), C(4), D (5), and E (6), containing one or two sulfate groups, have been isolated from the Far- Eastern sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides, collected near Bering Island (Commander Islands) from the depth of 100–150 m. Three of the isolated compounds (1, 3 and 6) are characterized by the unusual aglycone of new type having 18(20)-ether bond and lacking a lactone in contrast with wide spread holostane derivatives. Another unexpected finding is 3-O-methylxylose residue as a terminal unit in the carbohydrate chains of chitonoidosides B (3), C (4), and E (6), which has never been Citation: Silchenko, A.S.; Kalinovsky, found before in the glycosides from holothurians belonging to the Psolidae family. Moreover, this A.I.; Avilov, S.A.; Andrijaschenko, monosaccharide is sulfated in the compound 4 into unprecedented 3-O-methylxylose 4-O-sulfate P.V.; Popov, R.S.; Dmitrenok, P.S.; residue. Chitonoidoside C (4) is characterized by tetrasaccharide moiety lacking a part of the bottom Chingizova, E.A.; Kalinin, V.I. semi-chain, but having disaccharide fragment attached to C-4 of Xyl1. Such architecture is not Unusual Structures and Cytotoxicities common in sea cucumber glycosides. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1–5 against mouse and of Chitonoidosides A, A , B, C, D, 1 human erythrocytes and human cancer cell lines: adenocarcinoma HeLa, colorectal adenocarcinoma and E, Six Triterpene Glycosides from DLD-1, and leukemia promyeloblast HL-60 cells were studied. The cytotoxic effect of chitonoidoside the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus D (5) was the most significant in this series due to the presence of pentasaccharide disulfated sugar chitonoides. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19080449 chain in combination with holostane aglycone. Surprisingly, the glycosides 1 and 3, comprising the new aglycone without γ-lactone, demonstrated similar activity to the known compounds with Academic Editor: Hitoshi Sashiwa holostane aglycones. Chitonoidoside C (4) was less cytotoxic due to the different architecture of the carbohydrate chain compared to the other glycosides and probably due to the presence of a sulfate Received: 14 July 2021 group at C-4 in 3-O-MeXyl4. Accepted: 3 August 2021 Published: 5 August 2021 Keywords: Psolus chitonoides; triterpene glycosides; chitonoidosides; sea cucumber; cytotoxic activity Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- 1. Introduction iations. Triterpene glycosides, biosynthesized by the sea cucumbers, are natural compounds characterized by the diverse bioactivity [1–5]. Some of them are candidates to be used as new immunomodulators and anti-tumor drugs [6–8], which are urgently needed because cancer is one of the most important global health problems. The isolation of glycosides from Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. different sea cucumber species provides a unique opportunity to expand knowledge on Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. their structural diversity and discover new unusual substances. The comparative structural This article is an open access article analysis of a significant number of the isolated glycosides leads to the reconstruction of distributed under the terms and the sequences of biosynthetic transformations of their aglycones and carbohydrate chains conditions of the Creative Commons during biosynthesis that can be reflected in the metabolic networks constructed for different Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// species of the sea cucumbers [9,10]. The studies on biological activity of the glycosides creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ reveal the peculiarities of «structure–activity relationships» demonstrating the significance 4.0/). Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19080449 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, x 2 of 19 Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 449 constructed for different species of the sea cucumbers [9,10]. The studies on biological2 of 18 activity of the glycosides reveal the peculiarities of «structure–activity relationships» demonstrating the significance of different structural parts of glycosides for the realization of their physiological action. These data indicate the relevance of searching for new of different structural parts of glycosides for the realization of their physiological action. glycosides and studying their biological activities. These data indicate the relevance of searching for new glycosides and studying their The genus Psolus comprises 58 species, and only three of them were chemically biological activities. investigated up to the present time: P. fabricii [10–14], P. eximius [15], and P. patagonicus The genus Psolus comprises 58 species, and only three of them were chemically inves- tigated[16,17]. upAs result to the of present the stud time:ies onP. fabriciithe fourth[10– representative14], P. eximius [of15 the], and genusP. patagonicus, P. chitonoides[16,, six17]. Asnew result triterpene of the glycosides studies on, chitonoid the fourthoside representatives A (1), A1 (2 of), theB (3 genus,), C (4),P. D chitonoides(5), and E ,(6 six) were new isolated and their chemical structures elucidated by the analyses of the 1H, 13C NMR, 1D triterpene glycosides, chitonoidosides A (1), A1 (2), B (3), C (4), D (5), and E (6) were 1 1 isolatedTOCSY and their2D NMR chemical ( H, H structures-COSY, HMBC, elucidated HSQC, by the ROESY) analyses spectra of the as1 H,well13C as NMR, HR-ESI 1D TOCSYmass spectra. and 2D All NMR of the ( 1originalH,1H-COSY, spectra HMBC, are pres HSQC,ented in ROESY) Figures spectraS1–S48 asin Supplementary well as HR-ESI massdata. The spectra. hemolytic All of theactivities original against spectra mouse are presented and human in Figureserythrocytes, S1–S48 cytotoxic in Supplementary activities data.against The human hemolytic adenocarcinoma activities against HeLa, mouse colorectal and humanadenocarcinoma erythrocytes, DLD cytotoxic-1, and leukemia activities againstpromyeloblast human HL adenocarcinoma-60 cells are reported. HeLa, colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1, and leukemia promyeloblast HL-60 cells are reported. 2. Results and Discussion 2.2.1. Results Structural and E Discussionlucidation of the Glycosides 2.1. StructuralThe concentrated Elucidation ethanolic of the Glycosides extract of the sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides was chromatographedThe concentrated on a ethanolic Polychrom extract-1 column of the sea(powdered cucumber Teflon,Psolus Biolar chitonoides, Latvia).was chro-The matographedglycosides were on eluted a Polychrom-1 after using column water (powderedas a mobile Teflon,phase with Biolar, 50% Latvia). EtOH Theand glycosidesseparated wereby repeated eluted afterchromatography using water ason aSi mobile gel columns phase withwith 50% the EtOHeluents and CHCl separated3/EtOH/H by2 re-O peated(100:75:1 chromatography0), (100:100:17),on and Si gel(100:125:25) columns withto give the three eluents fractions CHCl3/EtOH/H (I–III). The2O individual (100:75:10), (100:100:17),compounds 1 and–6 (Figure (100:125:25) 1) were to isolated give three by fractions HPLC of (I–III). the obtained The individual fractions compounds on silica-based1–6 (Figurecolumn1 )Supelcosil were isolated LC-Si by (4.6 HPLC × 150 of themm) obtained and reversed fractions-phase on silica-based semipreparative column column Supel-s cosilPhenomenex LC-Si (4.6 Synergi× 150 Fusion mm) and RP reversed-phase(10 × 250 mm) or semipreparative Supelco Ascentis columns RP-Amide Phenomenex (10 × 250 Synergimm). Fusion RP (10 × 250 mm) or Supelco Ascentis RP-Amide (10 × 250 mm). FigureFigure 1.1. ChemicalChemical structuresstructures ofof glycosidesglycosides isolatedisolated fromfrom PsolusPsolus chitonoideschitonoides:: 1—chitonoidoside—chitonoidoside A; 2—chitonoidoside—chitonoidoside A A11; ; 33—chitonoidoside—chitonoidoside B;B; 44—chitonoidoside—chitonoidoside C;C; 55—chitonoidoside—chitonoidoside D;D; 6—chitonoidoside—chitonoidoside E.E. All the configuration configurationss of monosaccharides in all all glycosides glycosides were were assigned assigned to to D D-series-series along with biogenetical analogies with all known sea sea cucumber cucumber triterpene triterpene glycosides. glycosides. The molecular formulaformula ofof chitonoidosidechitonoidoside AA ((11)) waswas determineddetermined toto be be C C5353HH8383O2323SNaSNa − − fromfrom the [M Na−−NaNa]] ionion peak peak at atm/zm/z 11191119.5049.5049 (calc. (calc. 1119 1119.5051).5051) in the in the(−)HR (−-)HR-ESI-MSESI-MS and + + 1 13 and[MNa [M+NaNa] +Na] ion peakion at peak m/z 1165.4816 at m/z 1165.4816 (calc. 1165.4836) (calc. 1165.4836) in the (+)HR
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Psolus Phantapus
    Maine 2015 Wildlife Action Plan Revision Report Date: January 13, 2016 Psolus phantapus (Psolus) Priority 2 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) Class: Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers) Order: Dendrochirotida (Sea Cucumbers) Family: Psolidae (Sea Cucumbers) General comments: none No Species Conservation Range Maps Available for Psolus SGCN Priority Ranking - Designation Criteria: Risk of Extirpation: NA State Special Concern or NMFS Species of Concern: NA Recent Significant Declines: Psolus is currently undergoing steep population declines, which has already led to, or if unchecked is likely to lead to, local extinction and/or range contraction. Notes: recent decline - Trott, in review; last record in Cobscook Bay 1973; subjected to targeted collections for public aquaria display; climate change - Arctic Province Species; understudied as dredge by-catch, professional judgement Regional Endemic: NA High Regional Conservation Priority: NA High Climate Change Vulnerability: Psolus phantapus is highly vulnerable to climate change. Understudied rare taxa: Recently documented or poorly surveyed rare species for which risk of extirpation is potentially high (e.g. few known occurrences) but insufficient data exist to conclusively assess distribution and status. *criteria only qualifies for Priority 3 level SGCN* Notes: recent decline - Trott, in review; last record in Cobscook Bay 1973; subjected to targeted collections for public aquaria display; climate change - Arctic Province Species; understudied as dredge by-catch, professional judgement
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #39 – March 2019
    ISSN 1025-4943 Issue 39 – March 2019 BECHE-DE-MER information bulletin v Inside this issue Editorial Towards producing a standard grade identification guide for bêche-de-mer in This issue of the Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin is well supplied with Solomon Islands 15 articles that address various aspects of the biology, fisheries and S. Lee et al. p. 3 aquaculture of sea cucumbers from three major oceans. An assessment of commercial sea cu- cumber populations in French Polynesia Lee and colleagues propose a procedure for writing guidelines for just after the 2012 moratorium the standard identification of beche-de-mer in Solomon Islands. S. Andréfouët et al. p. 8 Andréfouët and colleagues assess commercial sea cucumber Size at sexual maturity of the flower populations in French Polynesia and discuss several recommendations teatfish Holothuria (Microthele) sp. in the specific to the different archipelagos and islands, in the view of new Seychelles management decisions. Cahuzac and others studied the reproductive S. Cahuzac et al. p. 19 biology of Holothuria species on the Mahé and Amirantes plateaux Contribution to the knowledge of holo- in the Seychelles during the 2018 northwest monsoon season. thurian biodiversity at Reunion Island: Two previously unrecorded dendrochi- Bourjon and Quod provide a new contribution to the knowledge of rotid sea cucumbers species (Echinoder- holothurian biodiversity on La Réunion, with observations on two mata: Holothuroidea). species that are previously undescribed. Eeckhaut and colleagues P. Bourjon and J.-P. Quod p. 27 show that skin ulcerations of sea cucumbers in Madagascar are one Skin ulcerations in Holothuria scabra can symptom of different diseases induced by various abiotic or biotic be induced by various types of food agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3 Marine Spcies Lists
    Appendix 3 Marine Species Lists with Abundance and Habitat Notes for Provincial Helliwell Park Marine Species at “Wall” at Flora Islet and Reef Marine Species at Norris Rocks Marine Species at Toby Islet Reef Marine Species at Maude Reef, Lambert Channel Habitats and Notes of Marine Species of Helliwell Provincial Park Helliwell Provincial Park Ecosystem Based Plan – March 2001 Marine Species at wall at Flora Islet and Reef Common Name Latin Name Abundance Notes Sponges Cloud sponge Aphrocallistes vastus Abundant, only local site occurance Numerous, only local site where Chimney sponge, Boot sponge Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni numerous Numerous, only local site where Chimney sponge, Boot sponge Staurocalyptus dowlingi numerous Scallop sponges Myxilla, Mycale Orange ball sponge Tethya californiana Fairly numerous Aggregated vase sponge Polymastia pacifica One sighting Hydroids Sea Fir Abietinaria sp. Corals Orange sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi Numerous Orange cup coral Balanophyllia elegans Abundant Zoanthids Epizoanthus scotinus Numerous Anemones Short plumose anemone Metridium senile Fairly numerous Giant plumose anemone Metridium gigantium Fairly numerous Aggregate green anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Abundant Tube-dwelling anemone Pachycerianthus fimbriatus Abundant Fairly numerous, only local site other Crimson anemone Cribrinopsis fernaldi than Toby Islet Swimming anemone Stomphia sp. Fairly numerous Jellyfish Water jellyfish Aequoria victoria Moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita Lion's mane jellyfish Cyanea capillata Particuilarly abundant
    [Show full text]
  • Brooding in Psolus Patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Argentina, SW Atlantic Ocean
    Helgol Mar Res (2010) 64:21–26 DOI 10.1007/s10152-009-0161-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Brooding in Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Argentina, SW Atlantic Ocean Juliana Giménez · Pablo E. Penchaszadeh Received: 11 August 2008 / Revised: 21 April 2009 / Accepted: 28 April 2009 / Published online: 15 May 2009 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2009 Abstract The mode, season, and time of brooding, egg diVerent substrata in a variety of habitats from southern diameter, egg number per brood, and the characteristics of Patagonia, including intertidal rocky shores and fronds and newly released juveniles of Psolus patagonicus were inves- holdfasts of Macrocystis pyrifera (Bernasconi 1941; Her- tigated oV Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, between nández 1981). Moreover, it is found as epizoic on the shells October 1999 and February 2001. Individuals were of live scallops of economic importance (Zygochlamys pat- attached to the Patagonian scallop, Zygochlamys patago- agonica) on the continental shelf oV Buenos Aires prov- nica. Spawning occurs between February and March. The ince, Argentina (Bremec and Lasta 2002). Like many other mean egg diameter, 887 § 26 m, is the highest reported benthic invertebrates in the region, P. patagonicus is dis- for the family Psolidae. Eggs are brooded under the tributed in shallow waters at high latitudes (Patagonian and mother’s sole until they develop into crawling juveniles subantarctic area), and in deeper, colder waters at low lati- within 7 months. The largest embryos reached a length of tudes (oV the Rio de la Plata estuary). 1,941 § 228 m in September. During the brooding period Brooding behaviour in holothurians has been observed (February–September) the number of brooded embryos in at least 41 species (Smiley et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproduction, Development, Processes of Feeding and Notes on the Early Life History of the Commercial Sea Cucumber Parastichopus Californicus (Stimpson)
    REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, PROCESSES OF FEEDING AND NOTES ON THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF THE COMMERCIAL SEA CUCUMBER PARASTICHOPUS CALIFORNICUS (STIMPSON) J. Lane Cameron B.Sc., Brigham Young University, 1978 M.Sc., Brigham Young University, 1980 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Biological Sciences @ J. Lane Cameron 1985 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY July 1985 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: J. Lane Cameron Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis: Reproduction, Development, Early Life History and Processes of Feeding in a Commercial Sea Cucumber Paras~ichopus alifornicus (Stimpson) Examining Committee: Chairman: Dr. L.M. Srivastava .. .- - - .----.---- -- . / Dr. P.V. Fankboner, Senior Supervisor , " Dr. M.J.V Smith, Public Examiner Dr. E.B. Hartwick - .. -- - f7 Dr. R.D. Burke, University of Victoria, External Examiner Dr. N.A. Sloan, Biological Station, Nanimo - - \ lit Examiner Date Approved: PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review
    Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1761-1805; doi:10.3390/md9101761 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review Sara Bordbar 1, Farooq Anwar 1,2 and Nazamid Saari 1,* 1 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (F.A.) 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-389-468-385; Fax: +60-389-423-552. Received: 3 August 2011; in revised form: 30 August 2011 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published: 10 October 2011 Abstract: Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata
    Echinodermata Bruce A. Miller The phylum Echinodermata is a morphologically, ecologically, and taxonomically diverse group. Within the nearshore waters of the Pacific Northwest, representatives from all five major classes are found-the Asteroidea (sea stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars, basket stars), and Crinoidea (feather stars). Habitats of most groups range from intertidal to beyond the continental shelf; this discussion is limited to species found no deeper than the shelf break, generally less than 200 m depth and within 100 km of the coast. Reproduction and Development With some exceptions, sexes are separate in the Echinodermata and fertilization occurs externally. Intraovarian brooders such as Leptosynapta must fertilize internally. For most species reproduction occurs by free spawning; that is, males and females release gametes more or less simultaneously, and fertilization occurs in the water column. Some species employ a brooding strategy and do not have pelagic larvae. Species that brood are included in the list of species found in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest (Table 1) but are not included in the larval keys presented here. The larvae of echinoderms are morphologically and functionally diverse and have been the subject of numerous investigations on larval evolution (e.g., Emlet et al., 1987; Strathmann et al., 1992; Hart, 1995; McEdward and Jamies, 1996)and functional morphology (e.g., Strathmann, 1971,1974, 1975; McEdward, 1984,1986a,b; Hart and Strathmann, 1994). Larvae are generally divided into two forms defined by the source of nutrition during the larval stage. Planktotrophic larvae derive their energetic requirements from capture of particles, primarily algal cells, and in at least some forms by absorption of dissolved organic molecules.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Field Guide 5.5.Indb
    Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates Invertebrates Benthic Moore Islands Kirrily and McDonald and Hibberd Ty Island Heard to Guide cation Identifi Field Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates A guide for scientifi c observers aboard fi shing vessels Little is known about the deep sea benthic invertebrate diversity in the territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI). In an initiative to help further our understanding, invertebrate surveys over the past seven years have now revealed more than 500 species, many of which are endemic. This is an essential reference guide to these species. Illustrated with hundreds of representative photographs, it includes brief narratives on the biology and ecology of the major taxonomic groups and characteristic features of common species. It is primarily aimed at scientifi c observers, and is intended to be used as both a training tool prior to deployment at-sea, and for use in making accurate identifi cations of invertebrate by catch when operating in the HIMI region. Many of the featured organisms are also found throughout the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the guide therefore having national appeal. Ty Hibberd and Kirrily Moore Australian Antarctic Division Fisheries Research and Development Corporation covers2.indd 113 11/8/09 2:55:44 PM Author: Hibberd, Ty. Title: Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates : a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels / Ty Hibberd, Kirrily Moore. Edition: 1st ed. ISBN: 9781876934156 (pbk.) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Benthic animals—Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)--Identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America
    Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America Bearbeitet von Juan José Alvarado, Francisco Alonso Solis-Marin 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XVII, 658 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 20050 2 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1239 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Biowissenschaften allgemein > Ökologie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Chapter 2 The Echinoderms of Mexico: Biodiversity, Distribution and Current State of Knowledge Francisco A. Solís-Marín, Magali B. I. Honey-Escandón, M. D. Herrero-Perezrul, Francisco Benitez-Villalobos, Julia P. Díaz-Martínez, Blanca E. Buitrón-Sánchez, Julio S. Palleiro-Nayar and Alicia Durán-González F. A. Solís-Marín (&) Á M. B. I. Honey-Escandón Á A. Durán-González Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Colección Nacional de Equinodermos ‘‘Ma. E. Caso Muñoz’’, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Post. 70-305, 04510, México, D.F., México e-mail: [email protected] A. Durán-González e-mail: [email protected] M. B. I. Honey-Escandón Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), UNAM, Apdo. Post. 70-305, 04510, México, D.F., México e-mail: [email protected] M. D. Herrero-Perezrul Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary for the Echinodermata
    February 2011 Christina Ball ©RBCM Phil Lambert GLOSSARY FOR THE ECHINODERMATA OVERVIEW The echinoderms are a globally distributed and morphologically diverse group of invertebrates whose history dates back 500 million years (Lambert 1997; Lambert 2000; Lambert and Austin 2007; Pearse et al. 2007). The group includes the sea stars (Asteroidea), sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), sea lilies and feather stars (Crinoidea), the sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars (Echinoidea) and the brittle stars (Ophiuroidea). In some areas the group comprises up to 95% of the megafaunal biomass (Miller and Pawson 1990). Today some 13,000 species occur around the world (Pearse et al. 2007). Of those 13,000 species 194 are known to occur in British Columbia (Lambert and Boutillier, in press). The echinoderms are a group of almost exclusively marine organisms with the few exceptions living in brackish water (Brusca and Brusca 1990). Almost all of the echinoderms are benthic, meaning that they live on or in the substrate. There are a few exceptions to this rule. For example several holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are capable of swimming, sometimes hundreds of meters above the sea floor (Miller and Pawson 1990). One species of holothuroid, Rynkatorpa pawsoni, lives as a commensal with a deep-sea angler fish (Gigantactis macronema) (Martin 1969). While the echinoderms are a diverse group, they do share four unique features that define the group. These are pentaradial symmetry, an endoskeleton made up of ossicles, a water vascular system and mutable collagenous tissue. While larval echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical the adults are pentaradially symmetrical (Brusca and Brusca 1990). All echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcareous ossicles (figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Cucumbers in the Western Indian Ocean Improving Management of an Important but Poorly Understood Resource
    Sea cucumbers in the western Indian Ocean Improving management of an important but poorly understood resource Sea cucumbers in the western Indian Ocean Improving management of an important but poorly understood resource Principal Investigators: Chantal CONAND Ecomar Laboratory Reunion University 97715 Saint Denis, Reunion, France Email: [email protected] Nyawira MUTHIGA, Wildlife Conservation Society Kibaki Flats No. 12 P.O. Box 99470 Mombasa, Kenya Email: [email protected] Co-Investigators: Kenya - Jacob OCHIEWO, Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute Madagascar - Richard RASOLOFONIRINA, IH-SM and Aqua-lab Reunion - Patrick FROUIN, ECOMAR, Reunion University Seychelles - Riaz AUMEERUDDY, Seychelles Fisheries Authority Sweden - Maricela DE LA TORRE-CASTRO, Stockholm University Tanzania - Yunis MGAYA, University of Dar-es-salaam i Sea cucumbers in the western Indian Ocean Improving management of an important but poorly understood resource This publication is the fi nal output of the Marine Science for Management Program Project No. MASMA/AG/2005/01. This publication is available electronically at the following website: http://www.wiomsa.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher and contact with the author. © Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) Published by: The Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) Mizingani St, House No. 13644/10 P.O. Box 3298, Zanzibar United Republic of Tanzania Tel:+255 24 2233472/2234597 Fax:+255 24 2233852 Email: [email protected] Citation: Muthiga NA, Conand C (ed) 2014.
    [Show full text]