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Palaeoindian Occupation of the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile
Palaeoindian occupation of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile MARTIN GROSJEAN,1* LAUTARO NU´ N˜ EZ2 and ISABEL CARTAJENA3 1 National Center of Excellence in Research on Climate (NCCR Climate) and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2 Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueolo´gicas y Museo, Universidad Cato´lica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile 3 Departamento de Antropologı´a, Universidad de Chile, N˜ un˜oa, Santiago de Chile ABSTRACT: Palaeoindian occupation of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile has been found between 12 600 and 10 200 cal. yr BP. The new site at Salar Punta Negra (24 280S/60 530W/ 2976 m) includes about 1000 classifiable, mostly unifacial artefacts and, uniquely, three different diagnostic types of early projectile points. Two of the Lateglacial/early Holocene projectile types have wide distribution and are known from different geographical areas in South America: the Palaeoindian ‘Fell’ fish-tail point mainly from the southern cone of South America, and the triangular ‘Tuina’ points typical of the Puna of the south-central Andes in northern Chile and northwestern Argentina. In addition, we found a third type, a stemmed point typical for the Salar Punta Negra. Fill- ing a large geographical gap of ‘Fell’ occupation, the site at Salar Punta Negra provides evidence for generally much higher mobility and diversity of early cultures, and supports an Andean-Pacific route for early human exploration of South America to the south through the desert at intermediate alti- tudes. Contemporaneous high-amplitude climatic changes were fundamental preconditions to pro- vide adequate environments and habitats, and to make Palaeoindian hunting-gathering occupation possible in the Atacama Desert. -
Petrological and Geochemical Characteristics of Metamorphic and Igneous Units from the Allochthonous Madre De Dios Terrane, Southern Chile ⁎ F.A
Petrological and geochemical characteristics of metamorphic and igneous units from the allochthonous Madre de Dios Terrane, Southern Chile ⁎ F.A. Sepúlveda a, , F. Hervé a, M. Calderón a, J.P. Lacassie b,c a Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile b Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa c SERNAGEOMIN, Av. Santa María 0104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile Abstract The Denaro Complex, part of the Madre de Dios Terrane is composed of metamorphosed pillow basalts, metahyaloclastites, banded metalliferous and radiolarian metacherts, metapelites and redeposited calcareous metasandstones. The basaltic rocks show primary textures, minerals and structures. They are foliated especially in the vicinities of thrust faults, interpreted to have developed during the accretion of the terrane to the Gondwana margin. Composition of relic primary augite and chromite crystals plots into the MORB field of tectonic discriminant diagrams, as do the analyses of whole rock geochemistry, which indicates that these rocks are akin to volcanic rocks erupted along a constructive plate margin (N- and E-type MORBs), probably in a spreading axis-centered oceanic plateau or ridge. The metamorphic assemblages of pumpellyite–actinolite facies bear witness of metamorphism in a frontal accretionary wedge at elevated P and low T conditions, probably related to the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Chonide event, which has been recognized elsewhere in the Patagonian Andes. Keywords: Metamorphism; Terrane accretion; Pumpellyite–actinolite facies; Seamount subduction; Frontal accretion 1. Introduction The rocks which crop out at the Madre de Dios archipelago (50°–50°50'S), referred to by Hervé and Mpodozis (2005) as 1.1. -
Geologists of Russian Origin in Latin America
REVISTA DEL MUSEO DE LA PLATA 2018, Volumen 3, Número 2: 223-295 Geologists of Russian origin in Latin America P. Tchoumatchenco1 , A.C. Riccardi 2 , †M. Durand Delga3 , R. Alonso 4 , 7 8 M. Wiasemsky5 , D. Boltovskoy 6 , R. Charrier , E. Minina 1Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 24, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, [email protected] 2Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, [email protected] 3Passed away August19, 2012 4Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina, [email protected] 581, Chemin du Plan de Charlet, F-74190 Passy, France, [email protected] 6Dep. Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion, Fac. Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ. de Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] 7History of Geology Group, Sociedad Geológica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, [email protected] 8State Geological Museum “V.I.Vernadsky”, Mohovaya ul. 11/11, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation, [email protected] REVISTA DEL MUSEO DE LA PLATA / 2018, Volumen 3, Número 2: 223-295 / ISSN 2545-6377 ISSN 2545-6377 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA - FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO Revista del Museo de La Plata 2018 Volumen 3, Número 2 (Julio-Diciembre): 223-295 Geologists of Russian origin in Latin America P. Tchoumatchenco1, A.C. Riccardi2, †M. Durand Delga3, R. Alonso4, M. Wiasemsky5, D. Boltovskoy6, R. Charrier7, E. Minina8 1 Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 24, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, [email protected] 2 Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, [email protected] 3 Passed away August19, 2012 4 Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina, [email protected] 5 81, Chemin du Plan de Charlet, F-74190 Passy, France, [email protected] 6 Dep. -
Lithium Extraction in Argentina: a Case Study on the Social and Environmental Impacts
Lithium extraction in Argentina: a case study on the social and environmental impacts Pía Marchegiani, Jasmin Höglund Hellgren and Leandro Gómez. Executive summary The global demand for lithium has grown significantly over recent years and is expected to grow further due to its use in batteries for different products. Lithium is used in smaller electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops but also for larger batteries found in electric vehicles and mobility vehicles. This growing demand has generated a series of policy responses in different countries in the southern cone triangle (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile), which together hold around 80 per cent of the world’s lithium salt brine reserves in their salt flats in the Puna area. Although Argentina has been extracting lithium since 1997, for a long time there was only one lithium-producing project in the country. In recent years, Argentina has experienced increased interest in lithium mining activities. In 2016, it was the most dynamic lithium producing country in the world, increasing production from 11 per cent to 16 per cent of the global market (Telam, 2017). There are now around 46 different projects of lithium extraction at different stages. However, little consideration has been given to the local impacts of lithium extraction considering human rights and the social and environmental sustainability of the projects. With this in mind, the current study seeks to contribute to an increased understanding of the potential and actual impacts of lithium extraction on local communities, providing insights from local perspectives to be considered in the wider discussion of sustainability, green technology and climate change. -
Camelid Domestication on the Western Slope of the Puna De Atacama, Northern Chile
Camelid domestication on the western slope of the Puna de Atacama, northern Chile Isabel CARTAJENA Departamento de Antropología Universidad de Chile Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, CL-Santiago Chile (Chili) [email protected] Lautaro NÚÑEZ Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R.P. Gustavo Le Paige Universidad Católica del Norte Le Paige s/n, CL-San Pedro de Atacama Chile (Chili) [email protected] Martin GROSJEAN Nacional Center of Excellence in Research on Climate (NCCR) and Institute of Geography University of Bern Erlachstrasse 9a, CH-Bern 3012 (Switzerland) [email protected] Cartajena I., Núñez L. & Grosjean M. 2007. – Camelid domestication on the western slope of the Puna de Atacama, northern Chile. Anthropozoologica 42 (2): 155-173. ABSTRACT Archaeofaunal records from the Early Archaic to the Early Formative sites (11000-2400 BP) on the western slope of the Puna de Atacama region (22ºS- 24ºS) were analysed in order to understand the process of camelid domestication. The remains were recovered from rock shelters and open sites reflecting an extended occupational sequence, starting with the first human occupations in the Early Archaic (11000-8000). During the Late Archaic (5000-3800 BP), the mobile hunting/gathering tradition had changed into a cultural system characterised by large campsites, hunting activities being present along with the first evidence of camelid domestication in favourable mid-Holocene sites (Quebrada Tulán and Puripica), which evolved during the Early Formative to complex camelid husbandry-based societies about 3100 BP. Although osteometrical evidence is mainly used, we incorporate pathologies, palaeoenvironmental information, the material culture and the archaeological context. Our intent is to identify the environmental scenario and the importance of environmental variables in desert areas, as well as to understand the emergence of camelid domestication in relation to ANTHROPOZOOLOGICA • 2007 • 42 (2) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. -
Provenance and Tectonic Implications of Orán Group Foreland Basin
Basin Research (2015) 1–17, doi: 10.1111/bre.12139 Provenance and tectonic implications of Oran Group foreland basin sediments,RıoIruyacanyon,NW Argentina (23° S) William H. Amidon,* Lisa V. Luna,* George B. Fisher,† Douglas W. Burbank,† Andrew R. C. Kylander-Clark† and Ricardo Alonso‡ *Middlebury College Geology Department, Middlebury, VT, USA †Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA ‡Departamento de Geologıa, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina ABSTRACT Foreland basins are important recorders of tectonic and climatic processes in evolving mountain ranges. The Rıo Iruya canyon of NW Argentina (23° S) exposes ca. 7500 m of Oran Group foreland basin sediments, spanning over 8 Myr of near continuous deposition in the Central Andes. This study presents a record of sedimentary provenance for the Iruya Section in the context of a revised stratigraphic chronology. We use U-Pb zircon ages from six interbedded ash layers and new magnet- ostratigraphy to constrain depositional ages in the section between 1.94 and 6.49 Ma, giving an aver- 1 age sedimentation rate of 0.93 0.02 (2r) km MyrÀ . We then pair U-Pb detrital zircon dating Æ with quartz trace-element analysis to track changes in sedimentary provenance from ca. 7.6 to 1.8 Ma. Results suggest that from ca. 7.6 to ca. 6.3 Ma, the Iruya watershed did not tap the Salta Group or Neogene volcanics that are currently exposed in the eastern Cordillera and Puna margin. One explanation is that a long-lived topographic barrier separated the eastern Puna from the foreland for much of the mid-late Miocene, and that the arrival of Jurassic-Neogene zircons records regional tectonic reactivation at ca. -
GONDWANA I11 Du Toit
GONDWANA 503 i11 du Toit < Gondwana, Samfrau > ... the really important point is not so much to disprove Wegener’s particular views as to decide from the relevant evidence whether or not continental drift is a genuine variety of earth movement. —Holmes, 1944.1 A geologist who looked for geological evidence to test Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift was Alexander Logie du Toit (1878-1948). As a field geologist for the Geological Survey of South Africa he became familiar with the regional geology of that country. Curious to see firsthand how well, if at all, the geology either side of the Atlantic matched, he applied for and upon receiving a generous grant from the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1923 he spent five months in South America familiarizing himself with the geology of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. His seminal paper, A Geological Comparison of South America with South Africa, was published in 1927. He wrote, “The concordance between the opposed shores, incidentally pointed out and discussed by others long before Wegener, has consistently been extended by each fresh geological observation until at present the amount of agreement is 5 In his book, Our Wandering Continents nothing short of marvellous.” Persuasive of a former (1937)2 is the statement: “from the proximity of the two continents are the discoverable linkages mid-Palaeozoic onwards the lands must have that “cross from coast to coast, not only directly but crept northwards for thousands of kilometers diagonally as well, and are furthermore of widely different to account for their deduced climatic ages.” In the map to illustrate this tectonic and phasal (lateral vicissitudes. -
Argentina, Chile)
REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES The Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case (Argentina, Chile) 20 November 1902 VOLUME IX pp. 29-49 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 THE CORDILLERA OF THE ANDES BOUNDARY CASE PARTIES: Argentina, Chile. COMPROMIS: Agreement of 17 April, 1896. ARBITRATOR: Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. AWARD: 20 November, 1902. REPORT OF THE TRIBUNAL, APPOINTED BY THE ARBITRATOR: 19 November, 1902. ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS: Treaty of 23 July, 1881, and Protocol of 1st May, 1893. Delimitation of certain portions of the frontier-line between Argentina and Chile. 31 BIBLIOGRAPHY A. M. Stuyt, Survey of International Arbitrations, 1794-1938, The Hague, 1939, pp. 207, 235. Texts of the Compromis, Award and other documents relating to the case: Baron Descamps et Louis Renault, Recueil international des traités du XX1 siècle. année 1902, p. 372 [English and French texts of the Award and the Tribunal's Report]; pp. 324, 325, 371 and année 190I, p. 445 [French and Spanish texts of other documents relating to the Case].1 British and Foreign State Papers, vol. XCV, p. 162 [English text of the Award]; Vol. LXXXVIII, p. 553 [English text of the Compromis]; vol. LXXII, p. 1103 [English text of the Treaty of 23 July 1881] ; vol. XCVI, p. 379 and vol. XCVII, p. 551 [English texts of other documents relating to the Case].2 Emilio Lamarca, Boundary Agreements in force between thi Argentine Republic and Chili, Buenos Aires, 1898, Index, pp. 5 and 25 [English and Spanish texts of the Treaty of 23 July 1881 and the Protocol of 1st May 1893].3 La Fontaine, Pasicrisie internationale, Histoire documentaire des arbitrages inter- nationaux, Berne, 1902, p. -
THE ANDEAN NORTHWEST T E N a L 243 P Y L E N O L
© Lonely Planet 243 The Andean Northwest In stark contrast with the low, flat, humid northeast, Argentina’s northwest sits lofty, dry and tough beneath the mighty Andes. Nature works its magic here with stone: weird, wonderful and tortured rockscapes are visible throughout, from the imposing formations of the Parque Nacional Talampaya in the far south to the twisted strata of the Quebrada de Cafayate; from the jagged ruggedness of the Valles Calchaquíes to the palette of colors of the Quebrada de Humahuaca. And always to the west is the brooding presence of magnificent peaks. The area has an Andean feel with its traditional handicrafts, Quechua-speaking pockets, coca leaves, llamas, the indigenous heritage of the inhabitants, Inca ruins, and the high, arid puna (Andean highlands) stretching west to Chile and north to Bolivia. The region’s cities were Argentina’s first colonial settlements and have a special appeal. The quiet gentility of Santiago del Estero recalls bygone centuries, Salta’s beauty makes it a favorite stop for travelers, while resolutely urban Tucumán, a sugarcane capital, seems to look firmly to the future. Several popular routes await. From Salta you can take in the cactus sentinels of Parque Nacional Los Cardones on your way to gorgeous Cachi, and then head down through the tradi- tional weaving communities of the Valles Calchaquíes to Cafayate, home of some of Argentina’s best wines. Another route from Salta soars into the mountains to the puna mining settlement of San Antonio de los Cobres, heads north to the spectacular salt plains of the Salinas Grandes, and then down to the visually wondrous and history-filled Quebrada de Humahuaca. -
Brazilian Uranium Exploration Program
NUCLEBRAS SUPERINTENDÊNCIA GERAL DE PROSPECÇAO E PESQUISA MINERAL ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUH/CANADIAK NUCLEAR ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URANIUM QUEBEC / CANADA SEPTEMBER 15-17/81 BRAZILIAN URANIUM EXPLORATION PROGRAM AUIHOR: -JOSÉ PAULO PANSUR PARQUES CONTENTS. SECTION PAGE ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 01 2. GENERAL INFORMATION ON BRAZIL'S URANIUM EXPLORATION PROGRAM 02 3- MAJOR BRAZILIAN URANIUM DEPOSITS 05 3.1 The Figueira Deposit 05 3.2 The Alkaline Intrusive Rocks of Brazil 08 3.3 The Poços de Caldas Alkaline Complex (Campo do Cercado Deposit or Osamu Utsumi Mine) 10 3.4 The Lagoa Real Uranium District 18 3.5 The Central Ceará Uranium-Phosphate District 20 3.6 The Itataia Deposit 21 4. CONCLUSIONS 23 5- M^ilPiMDGEilLNJl 27 6. RF.fERENCES 28 BRAZILIAN URANIUM EXPLORATION PROGRAM ABSTRACT Due to the growing demand of electric power to support :~azil's development as well as the constant price raises of fossil fuels and the scarcity of additional hydroelectric resources, the use of nuclear energy will be indispensable. The nuclear fuel cycle for the production of energy starts with the exploration for uranium ores. The work performed in this field led to the discovery of several ore deposits in the country such as: FIGUEIRA/PARANfl ^Middle Permian sandstones of the Paraná Basin), POÇOS DE CALD-S/MINAS GERAIS (alkaline rock of Up; er Cretaceous age)-which will be in operation late in 1981 with Ô nominal capacity of 500 tpy of U308-t QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERRO/MINAS GERAIS (metaconglc .erates in Precambrian domain), LAGOA REAL/BAHIA (metasomatites/ 1 inear albitites in Precambrian rocks), AMORINCPOLIS/GOIAS (i^vonian sandstones of the Paraná Basin), CAMPOS BELOS -RIO PRETC /GOIAS (vein unconformity type in Precambrian rocks), ESPINHARA5/PARA2 BA (metasomatites in Precambrian domain), and ITATAIA/CEARfl (metasomatites in Precambrian domain also). -
La Pura Opinión De Vladimiro Weisser Y La Población Indígena De Antofalla En La Colonia Temprana
| 179 La pura opinión de Vladimiro Weisser y la población indígena de Antofalla en la Colonia temprana Alejandro F. Haber y Carolina Lema Recibido 30 de Junio 2005. Aceptado 29 de Marzo 2006 RESUMEN El objetivo de este texto es mostrar las evidencias de ocupación indígena del área del Salar de Antofalla du- rante los siglos XVI y XVII. Se delinea el contexto histórico colonial en el que dichas ocupaciones se habrían desenvuelto, y se exploran algunas posibles formas de inserción de las poblaciones locales en ese contexto. Se contrapone este panorama con el reiterado mutismo de la arqueología y la historiografía documental para con las poblaciones indígenas del área durante la colonia temprana. También se sugieren algunas contextualizacio- nes intelectuales para comprender esos silencios. Palabras clave: Puna de Atacama; Tebenquiche Chico; Arqueología colonial. ABSTRACT VLADIMIR WEISSER’S PURE OPINION AND THE ANTOFALLA INDIGENOUS POPULATION IN EARLY COLONIAL TIMES. The aim of this paper is to present evidence of the indigenous occupation of the Antofalla Salt Lake area during the sixteenth and seventieth centuries. The historical context of the occupation is outlined, and ways in which the local population may have operated within that context are explored. The panorama of the indigenous occupation of the area during the early colonial times thus obtained is brought to bear on the repeated silence of archaeology and documentary history on the same issue. Ways of understanding the intellectual context for that silence are suggested. Keywords: Atacama Plateau; Tebenquiche Chico; Colonial archaeology. EL HALLAZGO tumbas, enumeró todos y cada uno de los hallazgos que llevaría a su patrón y dibujó con destreza los cro- Tal vez inadvertidamente se guarda una olvidada quis de los sitios arqueológicos (Figura 1). -
Letter from the President
1 ISSN 1028-1533 International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences INHIGEO NEWSLETTER I No. 44 Covering activitiesI generally in 2011 Issued in 2012 INHIGEO is A Commission of the International Union of Geological Sciences & An affiliate of the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Sciences Compiled and Edited by Barry J. Cooper INHIGEO Secretary-General Printed in Adelaide, South Australia on request Available at www.inhigeo.org 2 3 CONTENTS INHIGEO Newsletter No. 44 (Published in May 2012 covering events generally in 2011) INHIGEO BOARD 6 REPORTS President‘s Message: Silvia Figueirôa 7 Secretary-General‘s Report: Barry Cooper 7 INHIGEO 2012 - BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA 9 INHIGEO BUSINESS NOTICES Minutes of 2011 INHIGEO Business Meeting, Toyohashi, Japan 11 Provisional Agenda INHIGEO Business Meeting, Brisbane, Australia, August 2012 17 Report on ad hoc review by IUGS of INHIGEO, Toyohashi, Japan 17 Revision of the INHIGEO Terms of Reference and By Laws 21 Liaison with other IUGS Commissions and Task Groups 22 CONFERENCE REPORTS INHIGEO Japan, August 2011 23 Austrian Working Group ―History of Earth Sciences‖ Meetings, 2011 29 Conference on ―Geological Collectors and Collecting‖, April 2011 30 Report on the ―Antarctic history: Probing the unknown‖ workshop, July 2011 31 Second Symposium: History of Geology of Chile, August 2011 31 International Conference on the History of Geology and Medicine, November, 2011 33 Centenary Congress, Royal Geological & Mining Society, Netherlands, March 2012 35 EXHIBITION Hungarian