South of the rMCZ Post-survey Site Report

Contract Reference: MB0120 Report Number: 47 Version 3 February 2016

Project Title: Marine Protected Areas Data and Evidence Co-ordination Programme Report No 47. Title: South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report Defra Project Code: MB0120 Defra Contract Manager: Carole Kelly

Funded by:

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Marine Science and Evidence Unit Marine Directorate Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR

Authorship

Louise Brown Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) [email protected]

Stefan Bolam Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) [email protected]

Acknowledgements

We thank Christopher Barrio and Peter Mitchel (Cefas) for reviewing earlier drafts of this report.

Disclaimer: The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views of Defra, nor is Defra liable for the accuracy of information provided, or responsible for any use of the reports content. Although the data provided in this report have been quality assured, the final products - e.g. habitat maps – may be subject to revision following any further data provision or once they have been used in SNCB advice or assessments.

Cefas Document Control

Title: South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report

Submitted to: Marine Protected Areas Survey Co-ordination & Evidence Delivery Group Date submitted: February 2016 Project Manager: Sue Ware Report compiled by: Louise Brown, Stefan Bolam Quality control by: Christopher Barrio Frojan Approved by & date: Keith Weston (25/02/2016) Version: V3

Version Control History Author Date Comment Version Louise Brown, 10/08/2015 First draft submitted for review 1 Stefan Bolam Louise Brown, 21/10/2015 Revised following 1st round review 2 Stefan Bolam Chris Barrio Frojan 25/02/2016 Revised following Defra comments 3

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ...... i List of Tables ...... iii List of Figures ...... iv 1 Executive Summary: Report Card ...... 1 1.1 Features proposed in the SAD for inclusion within the MCZ designation ...... 1 1.2 Features observed but not proposed in the SAD for inclusion within the rMCZ designation ...... 2 1.3 Evidence of human activities occurring within the rMCZ ...... 2 2 Introduction ...... 3 2.1 Location of the rMCZ ...... 3 2.2 Rationale for site position and designation ...... 4 2.3 Rationale for prioritising this rMCZ for additional evidence collection ...... 5 2.4 Survey aims and objectives ...... 5 3 Methods ...... 7 3.1 Acoustic data acquisition ...... 7 3.2 Ground truth sample acquisition ...... 7 3.3 Production of the updated habitat map ...... 9 3.4 Quality of the updated map ...... 11 4 Results ...... 12 4.1 SAD habitat map ...... 12 4.2 Updated habitat map based on new survey data ...... 12 4.3 Quality of the updated habitat map ...... 14 4.4 Broadscale habitats identified ...... 14 4.5 Habitat FOCI identified ...... 15 4.6 Species FOCI identified ...... 15 4.7 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ...... 16 4.8 Data limitations and adequacy of the updated habitat map ...... 17 4.9 Observations of human activity on the seabed...... 17 5 Conclusions ...... 18 5.1 Presence and distribution of broadscale habitats ...... 18 5.2 Presence and distribution of habitat FOCI ...... 18 5.3 Presence and distribution of species FOCI ...... 18 5.4 Evidence of human activities impacting the seabed ...... 19 References ...... 20 Data sources ...... 22

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report i Annexes ...... 23 Annex 1. Broadscale habitat features listed in the ENG...... 23 Annex 2. Habitat FOCI listed in the ENG...... 24 Annex 3. Low or limited mobility species FOCI listed in the ENG...... 25 Annex 4. Highly mobile species FOCI listed in the ENG...... 25 Annex 5. Video and stills processing protocol...... 27 Appendices ...... 29 Appendix 1. Survey metadata (CEND0613) ...... 29 Appendix 2. Outputs from acoustic surveys ...... 31 Appendix 3. Evidence of human activities within the rMCZ ...... 33 Appendix 4. Species list ...... 34 Appendix 5. Analyses of sediment samples: classification and composition ...... 44 Appendix 6. BSH/EUNIS Level 3 descriptions derived from video and stills ...... 46 Appendix 7. Example images from survey for broadscale habitats ...... 48 Appendix 8. Example images from survey for habitat FOCI ...... 49

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report ii List of Tables

Table 1. Broadscale habitats for which this rMCZ was proposed for designation. .... 4 Table 2. Habitat FOCI for which this rMCZ was proposed for designation...... 5 Table 3. Species FOCI for which this rMCZ was proposed for designation...... 5 Table 4. Description of derivatives calculated for bathymetry...... 9 Table 5. Broadscale habitats identified in this rMCZ...... 15 Table 6. Habitat FOCI identified in this rMCZ...... 15 Table 7. Species FOCI identified in this rMCZ...... 16

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report iii List of Figures

Figure 1. Location of the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ. Bathymetry is from the Defra Digital Elevation Model (Astrium, 2011)...... 4 Figure 2. Location of ground truth sampling stations in the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ. Bathymetry displayed is from Defra’s Digital Elevation Model (Astrium, 2011)...... 8 Figure 3. Habitat map from the Site Assessment Document...... 12 Figure 4. Updated map of broadscale habitats based on newly acquired survey data...... 13 Figure 5. Overall MESH confidence score for updated broadscale habitat map. .... 14 Figure 6. Location of records of species FOCI from newly acquired ground truth data...... 16

Corrigendum

In July 2015 Defra declared the following amendments to reporting of Features of Conservation Importance (FOCI) in MPAG reports to reflect changes described within Defra MCZ consultation and designation material:

• The habitat FOCI ‘Subtidal Sands and Gravels’ is considered to be adequately protected by its component broadscale habitat features, subtidal sand and/or subtidal coarse sediment, and is no longer included within MCZ designations. • The species FOCI ‘Stalked jellyfish (Haliclystus auricula)’ is now referred to as ‘Haliclystus species’ for the purpose of MCZ protection, to account for potential presence of Haliclystus octoradiatus that has not been consistently differentiated within scientific records. The species are therefore considered jointly as an MCZ feature. • The species FOCI ‘Fan mussel (Atrina pectinata)’ should be correctly referred to as ‘Fan mussel (Atrina fragilis)’. • MCZs are no longer considered to be an appropriate tool for the protection of the species FOCI ‘European eel (Anguilla anguilla)’. They have been identified as habitat generalists for which it is particularly difficult to identify unique nursery or foraging grounds due to their wide distribution across coastal and freshwater zones. Conservation and management of European eels is considered to be more effectively achieved through the Eel Regulations and Eel Management Plans. • The species FOCI ‘Sea snail (Paludinella littorina)’ has been removed from Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. This means that it is no longer a FOCI so has been removed as a feature for MCZ designation.

In January 2016 Defra declared the following amendments to reporting of Features of Conservation Importance (FOCI) in MPAG reports to reflect changes described within Defra MCZ consultation and designation material:

• The habitat FOCI ‘Mud Habitats in Deep Water’ is considered to be adequately protected by its component broadscale habitat features, subtidal mud, and is no longer included within MCZ designations.

Whilst the agreed changes will be reflected in MCZ Post-survey Site Reports written after the declaration, those reports produced prior to August 2015 may still contain references to the above FOCI as they appeared in the original Ecological Network Guidance document (NE & JNCC, 2010).

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report iv 1 Executive Summary: Report Card This report details the findings of a dedicated seabed survey at the South of the Isles of Scilly recommended Marine Conservation Zone (rMCZ). The site is being considered for inclusion in a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in UK waters, designed to meet conservation objectives under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. Prior to the dedicated survey, the site assessment had been made on the basis of best available evidence, drawn largely from historical data, modelled habitat maps and stakeholder knowledge of the area. The purpose of the survey was to provide direct evidence of the presence and extent of the broadscale habitats (BSH) and habitat FOCI (Features of Conservation Importance) that had been detailed in the original Site Assessment Document (SAD) (Lieberknecht et al., 2011). This Executive Summary is presented in the form of a Report Card comparing the characteristics predicted in the original SAD with the updated habitat map and new sample data that result from the survey of the site conducted by Cefas and the JNCC in May 2013. The comparison covers broadscale habitats and habitat FOCI.

1.1 Features proposed in the SAD for inclusion within the MCZ designation Extent Extent Extent according to according to Accordance between according to updated updated SAD and updated Feature SAD (2011) SAD *** habitat map habitat map Broadscale Habitats Presence Extent A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment 115.21 km2 116.37 km2 N/A*  N/A

A5.2 Subtidal sand 16.98 km2 15.21 km2 48.93 km2  +31.95 km2 Habitat FOCI Subtidal sands and 2.20 km2 N/A N/A gravels** N/A N/A Species FOCI None proposed N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A * Although this BSH was identified during the 2013 survey, its extent could not be calculated. ** Removed from list of FOCI in July 2015. See corrigendum. *** The new survey described in this report covers 131.61 km2, amounting to 98% of the rMCZ area. The updated SAD figures given are those from the SAD habitat map clipped o the extent of the survey data.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 1

1.2 Features observed but not proposed in the SAD for inclusion within the rMCZ designation Extent Extent according Accordance between according to to updated habitat SAD and updated Feature SAD map habitat map Broadscale Habitats Presence Extent A5.1/5.4 Subtidal coarse/mixed sediments* N/A 81.39 km2  +81.39 km2 Habitat FOCI None observed N/A N/A N/A N/A Species FOCI Fan Mussel (Atrina fragilis) N/A 2 records N/A +2 records Ocean Quahog (Arctica islandica) N/A 1 record N/A +1 record * Constituent BSHs, although identified by groundtruthing data, could not be differentiated by the analysis of the newly acquired acoustic data.

1.3 Evidence of human activities occurring within the rMCZ Two wrecks were observed in the newly acquired acoustic data record for this site.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 2 2 Introduction In accordance with the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009, the UK is committed to the development and implementation of a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The network will incorporate existing designated sites (e.g., Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas) along with a number of newly designated sites which, within the English territorial waters and offshore waters of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, will be termed Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs). In support of this initiative, four Regional MCZ Projects were set up to select sites that could contribute to this network because they contain one or more features specified in the Ecological Network Guidance (ENG; Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 2010). The Regional MCZ Projects proposed a total of 127 recommended MCZs (rMCZs) and compiled a Site Assessment Document (SAD) for each site, summarising what evidence was available for the presence and extent of the various habitat, species and geological features specified in the ENG and for which the site was being recommended. Due to the scarcity of survey-derived seabed habitat maps in UK waters, these assessments were necessarily made using best available evidence, which included historical data, modelled habitat maps and stakeholder knowledge of the areas concerned. It became apparent that the best available evidence on features for which some sites had been recommended as MCZs was of variable quality. Consequently, Defra initiated a number of measures aimed at improving the evidence base, one of which took the form of a dedicated survey programme, implemented and coordinated by Cefas, to collect and interpret new survey data at selected rMCZ sites. This report provides an interpretation of the survey data collected jointly by Cefas and JNCC personnel at the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ during May 2013.

2.1 Location of the rMCZ The South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ is located in the Western Channel approximately 15 km to the south of the Isles of Scilly (Figure 1). It is bisected by the 12 nm limit on the eastern edge and adjoined to the South of the Isles of Scilly traffic separation scheme.

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Figure 1. Location of the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ. Bathymetry is from the Defra Digital Elevation Model (Astrium, 2011).

2.2 Rationale for site position and designation The South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ was included in the proposed network because of its contribution to Ecological Network Guidance (ENG) criteria to broadscale habitats (BSHs), and its added ecological importance. For a detailed site description see Lieberknecht et al. (2011) and The Marine Conservation Zone Project: Ecological Network Guidance (Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 2010).

2.2.1 Broadscale habitats proposed for designation Two BSHs were included in the recommendations for designation at this site, namely ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ (Table 1). See Annex 1 for the full list of BSH features listed in the ENG.

Table 1. Broadscale habitats for which this rMCZ was proposed for designation. EUNIS code & Broadscale Habitat Spatial extent according to the SAD A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment 115.21 km2 A5.2 Subtidal sand 16.98 km2

2.2.2 Habitat FOCI proposed for designation The habitat FOCI proposed in the SAD for designation within the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ has since been removed from the list of FOCI (Table 2). The full list of habitat FOCI is presented in Annex 2.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 4 Table 2. Habitat FOCI for which this rMCZ was proposed for designation. Habitat FOCI Spatial extent according to the SAD Subtidal Sands and Gravels* 2.20 km2 * Removed from list of FOCI in July 2015. See corrigendum.

2.2.3 Species FOCI proposed for designation No ‘Low or limited mobility species’ and no ‘Highly mobile species’ FOCI were included in the recommendations for designation of this rMCZ (Table 3). The full list of species FOCI is presented in Annexes 3 and 4.

Table 3. Species FOCI for which this rMCZ was proposed for designation. Species FOCI Records according to the SAD Low or limited mobility species FOCI None proposed N/A Highly mobile species FOCI None proposed N/A

2.3 Rationale for prioritising this rMCZ for additional evidence collection Prioritisation of rMCZ sites for further evidence collection was informed by a gap analysis and evidence assessment. The prime objective was to elevate the confidence status for as many rMCZs as feasible to support designation in terms of the amount and quality of evidence for the presence and extent of broadscale habitat features and habitat FOCI and, where possible, species FOCI. The confidence status was originally assessed in the SADs according Technical Protocol E (Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 2012). The confidence score for the presence and extent of broadscale habitats and habitat FOCI reported for the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ was Low/Moderate (Lieberknecht et al., 2011; JNCC and Natural England, 2012). This site was therefore prioritised for additional evidence collection.

2.4 Survey aims and objectives Primary Objectives

 To collect acoustic and groundtruthing data to allow the production of an updated map which could be used to inform the presence of broadscale habitats and habitat FOCI, and allow estimates to be made of their spatial extent within the rMCZ. Secondary Objectives

 To provide evidence, where possible, of the presence of Species FOCI listed within the ENG within the rMCZ.

 To report evidence of human activity occurring within the rMCZ during the course of the survey.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 5 It should be emphasised that surveys were not primarily designed to address the secondary objectives under the current programme of work. Whilst the newly collected data will be utilised for the purposes of reporting against the primary objectives of the current programme of work (given above), it is recognised that these data will be valuable for informing the assessment and monitoring of condition of given habitat features in the future.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 6 3 Methods

3.1 Acoustic data acquisition Acoustic data collected during the 2013 dedicated survey of this site were used to aid the mapping of the seabed. Acoustic data collection covered 100% of the rMCZ, however, during data processing, a small proportion of the data was removed as it was of insufficient quality to be used in the mapping process. Therefore, the acoustic data used in the mapping process covers 98.5% of the area within the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ boundary. Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) data were collected and processed in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) Standards for Hydrographic Surveys – Order 1 (Special Publication 44, Edition 4). Both bathymetry and backscatter datasets were gridded at 2 m resolution for analysis and exported in floating point Geotiff format for further analysis. See Appendix 2 for images derived from acoustic data.

3.2 Ground truth sample acquisition A total of 57 groundtruthing stations, distributed according to a regular lattice grid, were sampled using a combination of grab and camera sampling techniques. The grab sampler was used to collect seabed sediments and associated infauna, while the underwater camera collected both video and still images of the seabed. Underwater video tows were conducted at 27 stations while grab samples were successfully collected from 54 of the 57 stations; camera samples were acquired from the three stations where grab sampling was not successful (Figure 2; Appendix 1).

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Figure 2. Location of ground truth sampling stations in the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ. Bathymetry displayed is from Defra’s Digital Elevation Model (Astrium, 2011). Grab samples were collected using a 0.1 m2 mini Hamon grab fitted with a video camera, the combined gear being known as a HamCam. This allowed an image of the undisturbed seabed surface to be obtained immediately before each grab sample was taken. On recovery, the grab contents were emptied into a large plastic container and a representative sub-sample of sediment (approx. 0.5 L) taken for Particle Size Analysis (PSA). The remaining sample was photographed and sieved over a 1 mm mesh sieve to collect the benthic fauna. Retained fauna were preserved in buffered 4% formaldehyde for later processing ashore. Within the broadscale habitat areas identified in the SAD, camera sledge deployments were made at a subset of stations sampled by the grab. The frequency of use of the camera sledge was informed by the type of sediment obtained in the grab sample. Where this was consistent with the BSH predicted in the SAD, the camera was deployed at approximately every third station. Where the grab sample was not consistent with the predicted BSH, the camera was used at every station. The camera images helped to characterise the surficial sediments and associated epifaunal communities. The total number of camera deployments for each BSH varied depending on the uniformity of the habitat and its spatial extent. Set-up and operation of the camera sledge followed the Mapping European Seabed Habitats (MESH) Recommended Operating Guidelines (ROG) for underwater video and photographic imaging techniques (Coggan et al., 2007). Camera sledge tows lasted a minimum of 10 minutes, with the sledge being towed at c. 0.5 knots (c. 0.25 m s-1) across a 100 m ‘bullring’ centred on the sampling station. Still images were captured at regular one minute intervals and opportunistically if specific features of interest were encountered. Video and still images were analysed

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 8 following an established protocol developed and used by Cefas (Coggan and Howell, 2005; JNCC, in prep.; see Annex 5). For further detail on ground truth sample collection see the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Survey Report (McIlwaine, 2013).

3.3 Production of the updated habitat map An updated habitat map was produced by analysis and interpretation of the newly acquired acoustic and ground truth data. Acoustic data were converted into raster images for ease of interpretation. The data integration and mapping process involved image analysis and statistical modelling, as described below. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) is a two-step procedure of segmentation and classification (Blaschke, 2010), implemented using the software package eCognition v9.0.3. Objects were created through segmenting the raster data layers, the resulting objects representing sections of the image which possess homogeneous characteristics across all data layers used within the segmentation process. For each of these objects, mean and standard deviation values of primary acoustic data layers and their derivatives were calculated. These values were extracted at PSA point sample locations for statistical analysis. Rules used to split objects into habitat types in the classification step of OBIA were determined by applying Conditional Inference Tree analysis (CI; Hothorn et al., 2006) to the sample data. CI combines recursive binary partitioning with conditional inference procedures, embedding statistical tests into each classification split. The statistical analyses were carried out in the statistical programming environment R (R Development Core Team, 2012). A step-by-step description of the acoustic data analysis process is given below.

Stage 1. Data preparation The acoustic data layers were available as a single block of data, covering 98.5% of the rMCZ, with a 2 x 2 m grid cell resolution. Each grid cell had a single value for bathymetry (depth) and a single value for backscatter (acoustic reflectance), and it is these data values which have been used in the rest of the process.

Stage 2. Derivatives calculated Using bathymetry data, a range of derivatives representing various topographic attributes of the seafloor were calculated (Table 4). Not all of these derivatives will be used in later processes.

Table 4. Description of derivatives calculated for bathymetry. Derivative Description Slope The slope in degrees using the maximum change in elevation of each cell and its 8 neighbours Roughness Calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum value of each cell and its 8 neighbours Curvature (profile Curvature parallel to the direction of slope (profile) and perpendicular to the and planar) direction of slope (planar) BPI Bathymetric Position Index (Lundblad et al., 2006); radii of 3, 5, 10, 25 Standard Deviation Standard deviation statistic calculated within a moving window of 3 x 3 cells

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 9 Stage 3. Segmentation Based on spectral characteristics, images generated from acoustic data can be segmented into small objects. Each object can be defined by a range of features including its layer statistics (mean, mode, standard deviation, skewness, etc.), geometry (extent, shape, etc.) and texture, amongst many others. The segmentation process was undertaken using the multi-resolution segmentation algorithm in eCognition. Multi-resolution segmentation commences with a single pixel and consecutively merges it with neighbouring pixels, based on the relative homogeneity criterion. The homogeneity criterion is based on both the colour (standard deviation of spectral colours) and shape (standard deviation of a compact shape) of the pixel. The segmentation process continues until a threshold value for the scale parameter, determined by the analyst, is reached. The scale parameter determines the variability allowed within each object. The ultimate aim of the segmentation process is to create objects which represent areas of homogeneity within the image. Backscatter strength was used in the segmentation process, with a weighting of 1. Backscatter strength gives an indication of substrate hardness (high/strong backscatter = hard substrate, low/weak backscatter = soft substrate). The final segmentation was undertaken at the pixel level with a scale parameter of 40. For each of the objects created in the segmentation process, the mean and standard deviation values of the primary acoustic data layers (e.g. mean bathymetry value for the grid cells lying within the object) and their derivatives outlined in Table 4 (roughness, slope and BPI25) were calculated. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture values of entropy and homogeneity were also calculated for backscatter. These object-feature mean values were exported as GIS shapefiles and extracted for each location of the ground truth samples (54 grab stations and 27 locations across the site identified as sand from photographic stills) to provide an analysis dataset for classification. These values were used to help the broadscale habitat classification in the next stage of the process.

Stage 4. Classification The distribution of backscatter values, of bathymetry, and of its derivatives in the broadscale habitat classes identified from the ground truth data were analysed to find the variables that best defined habitat classes. CI analysis (Hothorn et al., 2006) was used to identify the acoustic variables that most successfully differentiated between the observed broadscale habitats in the groundtruthing datasets, and to establish the best cut-off values for those variables. To produce the updated habitat map, the segmentation objects were classified according to the cut-off values identified in the CI analysis for the appropriate variables. The resulting classified objects were exported into GIS and dissolved into continuous polygons.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 10 3.4 Quality of the updated map The technical quality of the updated habitat map was assessed using the MESH Confidence Assessment Tool1, originally developed by an international consortium of marine scientists working on the MESH project. This tool considers the provenance of the data used to make a biotope/habitat map, including the techniques and technology used to characterise the physical and biological environment, and the expertise of the people who made the map. In its original implementation, the tool was used to make an auditable judgement of the confidence that could be placed on a range of existing, local biotope maps that had been developed using different techniques and data inputs, to be used in compiling a full coverage map for northwest Europe. Where two of the original maps overlapped, that with the highest MESH confidence score would take precedence in the compiled map. Subsequent to the MESH project, the confidence assessment tool has been applied to provide a benchmark score that reflects the technical quality of newly developed habitat/biotope maps. Both physical and biological survey data are required to achieve the top score of 100 but, as the current rMCZ survey exercise requires only the mapping of broadscale physical habitats, not biotopes, it excludes the need for biological data. In the absence of biological data, the maximum score attainable for a map using only physical data is 88. In applying the tool to the current work, none of the weighting options were altered; that is, the tool was applied in its standard form as downloaded from the internet.

1 http://emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/confidence/confidenceAssessment.html [Accessed 14/07/2015]

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 11 4 Results

4.1 SAD habitat map The SAD habitat map (Figure 3) was produced using modelled data from the UKSeaMap (McBreen, 2010). For further detail see Lieberknecht et al. (2011).

Figure 3. Habitat map from the Site Assessment Document.

4.2 Updated habitat map based on new survey data The updated habitat map resulting from an integrated analysis of all the available acoustic and ground truth datasets is presented in Figure 4. The different types of substrate identified occur in a matrix with a distinct SW-NE axial alignment reflecting the local topography. A summary of the particle size analysis of the grab samples is given in Appendix 5. Of the 54 stations at which grab samples were taken, 29 were classified as ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’, 14 as ‘A5.4 Subtidal mixed sediments’ and 11 as ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’. The results obtained from the analysis of the seabed video and stills are summarised in Appendix 6. Example images of the BSHs and habitat FOCI identified during the survey are given in Appendices 7 and 8, respectively.

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Figure 4. Updated map of broadscale habitats based on newly acquired survey data.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 13 4.3 Quality of the updated habitat map The updated habitat map for the South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ attained a score of 83 from the MESH Confidence Assessment Tool (Figure 5), which is considered to be good given the maximum possible score for a map based solely on physical data is 88.

Figure 5. Overall MESH confidence score for updated broadscale habitat map.

4.4 Broadscale habitats identified The broadscale habitats ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A5.4 Subtidal mixed sediments’ were both identified from the groundtruthing datasets. However, both BSHs were characterised by high reflectivity on the acoustic data record (> -27.671 dB), and consequently, CI analysis was not able to differentiate between these two habitat types. Therefore, they have been classified as a BSH complex termed ‘A5.1/5.4 Subtidal coarse/mixed sediments’, whose combined extent is given in Table 5. The broadscale habitat ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ was characterised by lower reflectivity values (≤ -27.671 dB), so it has been possible to calculate its extent in isolation.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 14 Table 5. Broadscale habitats identified in this rMCZ. Spatial extent Spatial extent according Broadscale Habitat Type according to the to the updated habitat (EUNIS Level 3) updated SAD* map A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment 116.37 km2 N/A A5.2 Subtidal sand 15.21 km2 48.93 km2 A5.1/5.4 Subtidal coarse/mixed sediments N/A 81.39 km2 * The new survey described in this report covers 131.61 km2, amounting to 98% of the rMCZ area. The updated SAD figures given are those from the SAD habitat map clipped to the extent of the survey data.

4.5 Habitat FOCI identified The habitat FOCI 'Subtidal Sands and Gravels' listed in the SAD as a recommended feature for designation of this site has since been removed from the list of FOCI (Table 6), therefore its extent has not been calculated in the updated habitat map.

Table 6. Habitat FOCI identified in this rMCZ. Spatial extent according Spatial extent according to the updated habitat Habitat FOCI to the SAD map Subtidal Sands and Gravels* 2.20 km2 N/A * Removed from list of FOCI in July 2015. See corrigendum.

4.6 Species FOCI identified A total of 417 faunal taxa was recorded in the 54 grab samples, and 72 faunal taxa were recorded in the 27 video samples acquired during the 2013 dedicated survey of this site (Appendix 4). Two species FOCI have been identified within the rMCZ; one record of ‘Ocean Quahog (Arctica islandica)’ and two records of ‘Fan Mussel (Atrina fragilis)’ (Figure 6; Table 7).

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Figure 6. Location of records of species FOCI from newly acquired ground truth data.

Table 7. Species FOCI identified in this rMCZ. Previously recorded Identified during evidence Species FOCI within rMCZ gathering survey Low or Limited Mobility Species FOCI Fan Mussel (Atrina fragilis) None reported 2 records Ocean Quahog (Arctica islandica) None reported 1 record Highly Mobile Species FOCI None N/A N/A

4.7 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

4.7.1 Acoustic data The acoustic MBES bathymetry data used in the production of the updated habitat map were collected and processed in compliance with the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) Standards for Hydrographic Surveys-Order 1 (Special Publication 44, Edition 4). The accompanying MBES backscatter data were reviewed and processed by specialist Cefas staff to ensure they were suitable for use in the subsequent interpretations and production of the updated habitat map.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 16 4.7.2 PSA of sediments PSA was carried out by Cefas following standard laboratory practices and the results checked by specialist Cefas staff following the recommendations of the National Marine Biological Analytical Quality Control (NMBAQC) scheme (Mason, 2011).

4.7.3 Infaunal samples from grabs Infaunal samples were processed by Thomson Unico Ltd following standard laboratory practices and results checked following the recommendations of the NMBAQC scheme (Worsfold et al., 2010).

4.7.4 Video and still images and analysis Video and photographic stills were processed by APEM Ltd in accordance with the guidance documents developed by Cefas and the JNCC for the acquisition and processing of video and stills data (Coggan and Howell, 2005; JNCC, in prep.; summarised in Annex 5).

4.8 Data limitations and adequacy of the updated habitat map The survey has provided substantial, robust evidence for the presence of the mapped habitats. However, ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A5.4 Subtidal mixed sediments’ could not be mapped separately as the CI analysis was not able to differentiate between these two broadscale habitats. This is a result of these two broadscale habitats returning a similar range of reflectivity values. Since it is not practical to sample the entire area of the site with grabs and video, there is a chance that a BSH or FOCI may exist within the site but has not been recorded, especially if it was limited in its extent. The precise location of the boundaries between the broadscale habitats depicted on the updated habitat map should be regarded as indicative, not definitive. In nature, such boundaries are rarely abrupt. It is more typical for one BSH to grade into another across a transitional boundary. The present boundaries have been placed using best professional judgment. This may have implications when calculating the overall extent of any of the mapped habitats or FOCI. The acoustic data available does not cover 100% of the site. Therefore, due to the strong role backscatter plays in predicting substrate and the heterogeneity in the distribution of predicted sediment types it was not possible to interpolate predictions into the areas with missing acoustic data.

4.9 Observations of human activity on the seabed There are a number of known wrecks present within the rMCZ boundary. Two of these known wrecks are visible in the MBES bathymetry data within the lower eastern section of this site (Appendix 3) at approximately 76m in depth.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 17 5 Conclusions

5.1 Presence and distribution of broadscale habitats

5.1.1 Presence  The 2013 dedicated survey has confirmed the presence of the BSHs ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ that were included in the recommendations made by the SAD for designating this site as an MCZ.

 The 2013 dedicated survey has confirmed the presence of the BSH ‘A5.4 Subtidal mixed sediments’. This BSH was not included in the recommendations made by the SAD for designating this site as an MCZ.

 The BSHs ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A5.4 Subtidal mixed sediments’ could not be distinguished in the new habitat map and have therefore been mapped as a combination of the two, and labelled ‘A5.1/5.4 Subtidal coarse/mixed sediments’.

5.1.2 Extent  The extent of the BSHs ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A.4 Subtidal mixed sediments’ could not be determined during the classification process.

 The spatial extent of the combined BSHs ‘A5.1/5.4 Subtidal coarse/mixed sediments’ on the updated habitat map is 81.39 km2.

 The spatial extent of the BSH ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ on the updated habitat map is 48.93 km2. This is 31.95 km2 more than the extent reported in the SAD.

5.2 Presence and distribution of habitat FOCI

5.2.1 Presence  The 2013 survey did not identify any habitat FOCI.

5.3 Presence and distribution of species FOCI

5.3.1 Low or limited mobility species  Two 'Low or low mobility species' FOCI were recorded during the 2013 dedicated survey. The species FOCI ‘Fan Mussel (Atrina fragilis)’ was recorded at two stations, and ‘Ocean Quahog (Arctica islandica)’ was recorded from one station. Neither of these species FOCI was recorded in the SAD.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 18 5.3.2 Highly mobile species FOCI  No 'Highly mobile species' FOCI were recorded at this site by the 2013 dedicated survey. These observations are consistent with the evidence presented in the SAD.

5.4 Evidence of human activities impacting the seabed Two known wrecks are visible in the MBES bathymetry data within the lower eastern section of this site.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 19 References

Astrium (2011). Creation of a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the British Isles continental shelf: Final Report. Prepared for Defra, Contract Reference: 13820. 26 pp. Blaschke, T. (2010). Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 65, 2-16. Coggan, R., Mitchell, A., White, J. and Golding, N. (2007). Recommended operating guidelines (ROG) for underwater video and photographic imaging techniques. (www.searchmesh.net/PDF/GMHM3_video_ROG.pdf) [Accessed 14/07/2015] Coggan, R. and Howell, K. (2005). Draft SOP for the collection and analysis of video and still images for groundtruthing an acoustic basemap. Video survey SOP version 5, 10 pp. Hothorn, T., Hornik, K. and Zeileis, A. (2006). Unbiased Recursive Partitioning: A Conditional Inference Framework. J. Comput. Graph. Stat. 15, 651–674. JNCC (in prep.). Video/Stills Camera Standard Operating Procedure for Survey and Analysis: for groundtruthing and classifying an acoustic basemap, and development of new biotopes within the UK Marine Habitat Classification. JNCC Video and Stills Processing SOP v2. 6 pp. JNCC and Natural England (2012). Marine Conservation Zone Project: JNCC and Natural England's advice to Defra on recommended Marine Conservation Zones. Peterborough and Sheffield. 1455 pp. Lieberknecht, L.M., Hooper, T.E.J., Mullier, T.M., Murphy, A., Neilly, M., Carr, H., Haines, R., Lewin, S. and Hughes, E. (2011). Finding Sanctuary final report and recommendations. A report submitted by the Finding Sanctuary stakeholder project to Defra, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and Natural England. http://findingsanctuary.marinemapping.com/ Final report as one document (PDF, 43MB) - 14 September 2011 version [Accessed 11/11/2014]. Lundblad, E. R., Wright, D. J., Miller, J., Larkin, E. M., Rinehart, R., Naar, D. F., Donahue, B. T., Anderson, S. M. and Battista, T. (2006). A Benthic Terrain Classification Scheme for American Samoa. Marine Geodesy 29, 89-111. Mason, C. (2011). NMBAQC’s Best Practice Guidance Particle Size Analysis (PSA) for Supporting Biological Analysis. McBreen, F. (2010). UKSeaMap 2010 EUNIS model Version 3.0. UKSeaMap 2010: Predictive seabed habitat map (v5). JNCC. McIlwaine, P. (2013). South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ survey report. 69 pp. Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2010). The Marine Conservation Zone Project: Ecological Network Guidance. Sheffield and Peterborough, UK.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 20 Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2012). SNCB MCZ Advice Project-Assessing the scientific confidence in the presence and extent of features in recommended Marine Conservation Zones (Technical Protocol E). R Development Core Team (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3- 900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org [Accessed 14/07/2015] Worsfold, T.M., Hall, D.J. and O’Reilly, M. (2010). Guidelines for processing marine macrobenthic invertebrate samples: a processing requirements protocol version 1 (June 2010). Unicomarine Report NMBAQCMbPRP to the NMBAQC Committee. 33 pp. http://www.nmbaqcs.org/media/1175/nmbaqc-inv-prp-v10- june2010.pdf [Accessed 14/07/2015]

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 21 Data sources

All enquiries in relation to this report should be addressed to following e-mail address: [email protected]

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 22 Annexes

Annex 1. Broadscale habitat features listed in the ENG. Broadscale Habitat Type EUNIS Level 3 Code High energy intertidal rock A1.1 Moderate energy intertidal rock A1.2 Low energy intertidal rock A1.3 Intertidal coarse sediment A2.1 Intertidal sand and muddy sand A2.2 Intertidal mud A2.3 Intertidal mixed sediments A2.4 Coastal saltmarshes and saline reed beds A2.5 Intertidal sediments dominated by aquatic angiosperms A2.6 Intertidal biogenic reefs A2.7 High energy infralittoral rock* A3.1 Moderate energy infralittoral rock* A3.2 Low energy infralittoral rock* A3.3 High energy circalittoral rock** A4.1 Moderate energy circalittoral rock** A4.2 Low energy circalittoral rock** A4.3 Subtidal coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal sand A5.2 Subtidal mud A5.3 Subtidal mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal macrophyte-dominated sediment A5.5 Subtidal biogenic reefs A5.6 Deep-sea bed*** A6 * Infralittoral rock includes habitats of bedrock, boulders and cobble which occur in the shallow subtidal zone and typically support seaweed communities ** Circalittoral rock is characterised by dominated communities, rather than seaweed dominated communities *** The deep-sea bed broadscale habitat encompasses several different habitat sub-types, all of which should be protected within the MPA network. The broadscale habitat deep seabed habitat is found only in the south-west of the MCZ project area and MCZs identified for this broadscale habitat should seek to protect the variety of sub-types known to occur in the region.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 23 Annex 2. Habitat FOCI listed in the ENG. Habitat Features of Conservation Importance (FOCI)* Blue Mussel Beds (including Intertidal Beds on Mixed and Sandy Sediments)** Cold-Water Coral Reefs *** Coral Gardens*** Deep-Sea Sponge Aggregations*** Estuarine Rocky Habitats File Shell Beds*** Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on Subtidal Rocky Habitats Intertidal Underboulder Communities Littoral Chalk Communities Maerl Beds Horse Mussel (Modiolus modiolus) Beds Mud Habitats in Deep Water***** Sea-Pen and Burrowing Megafauna Communities Native Oyster (Ostrea edulis) Beds Peat and Clay Exposures Honeycomb Worm (Sabellaria alveolata) Reefs Ross Worm (Sabellaria spinulosa) Reefs Seagrass Beds Sheltered Muddy Gravels Subtidal Chalk Subtidal Sands and Gravels **** Tide-Swept Channels * Habitat FOCI have been identified from the ‘OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats’ and the ‘UK List of Priority Species and Habitats (UK BAP)’. ** Only includes ‘natural’ beds on a variety of sediment types. Excludes artificially created mussel beds and those which occur on rocks and boulders. *** Cold-Water Coral Reefs, Coral Gardens, Deep-Sea Sponge Aggregations and File Shell Beds currently do not have distributional data which demonstrate their presence within the MCZ project area. **** As of July 2015, Subtidal Sands and Gravels is considered to be adequately protected by its component habitat features subtidal sand and/or subtidal coarse sediment, and is no longer included within MCZ designations. ***** ‘Mud Habitats in Deep Water’ is considered to be adequately protected by its component broadscale habitat feature ‘Subtidal mud’ and is no longer included within MCZ designation.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 24 Annex 3. Low or limited mobility species FOCI listed in the ENG. Group Scientific name* Common Name Brown Algae Padina pavonica Peacock’s Tail Red Algae Cruoria cruoriaeformis Burgundy Maerl Paint Weed Grateloupia montagnei Grateloup’s Little-Lobed Weed Lithothamnion corallioides Coral Maerl Phymatolithon calcareum Common Maerl Annelida Alkmaria romijni** Tentacled Lagoon-Worm** Armandia cirrhosa** Lagoon Sandworm** Teleostei Gobius cobitis Giant Goby Gobius couchi Couch’s Goby Hippocampus guttulatus Long Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus Short Snouted Seahorse Bryozoa Victorella pavida Trembling Sea Mat Cnidaria Amphianthus dohrnii Sea-Fan Anemone Eunicella verrucosa Pink Sea-Fan Haliclystus auricula**** Stalked Jellyfish**** Leptopsammia pruvoti Sunset Cup Coral Lucernariopsis campanulata Stalked Jellyfish Lucernariopsis cruxmelitensis Stalked Jellyfish Nematostella vectensis Starlet Sea Anemone Crustacea Gammarus insensibilis** Lagoon Sand Shrimp** Gitanopsis bispinosa Amphipod Shrimp Pollicipes pollicipes Gooseneck Barnacle Palinurus elephas Spiny Lobster Mollusca Arctica islandica Ocean Quahog Atrina pectinata*** Fan Mussel Caecum armoricum** Defolin’s Lagoon Snail** Ostrea edulis Native Oyster Paludinella littorina***** Sea Snail***** Tenellia adspersa** Lagoon Sea Slug** * Species FOCI have been identified from the ‘OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats’, the ‘UK List of Priority Species and Habitats (UK BAP)’ and Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. ** Those lagoonal species FOCI may be afforded sufficient protection through coastal lagoons designated as SACs under the EC Habitats Directive. However, this needs to be assessed by individual regional projects. *** Fan mussel should be correctly described as Atrina fragilis. **** The stalked jellyfish Haliclystus auricula is now referred to as Haliclystus species for the purpose of MCZ protection to account for potential presence of Haliclystus octoradiatus that has not been consistently differentiated within scientific records. The species are therefore considered jointly as an MCZ feature. ***** The sea snail (Paludinella littorina) has been removed from Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. This means that it is no longer a Feature of Conservation Importance (FOCI) so has been removed as a feature for MCZ designation.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 25 Annex 4. Highly mobile species FOCI listed in the ENG. Group Scientific name* Common Name Teleostei Osmerus eperlanus Smelt Anguilla anguilla** European Eel** Elasmobranchii Raja undulata Undulate Ray * Species FOCI have been identified from the ‘OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats’, the ‘UK List of Priority Species and Habitats (UK BAP)’ and Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. ** MCZs are no longer considered to be an appropriate tool for the protection of European eels. They have been identified as habitat generalists for which it is particularly difficult to identify unique nursery or foraging grounds due to their wide distribution across coastal and freshwater zones. Conservation and management of European eels is considered to be more effectively achieved through the Eel Regulations and Eel Management Plans.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 26 Annex 5. Video and stills processing protocol. The purpose of the analysis of the video and still images is to identify what habitats exist in a video record, provide semi-quantitative data on their physical and biological characteristics and to note where one habitat changes to another. A minimum of 10% of the videos should be re-analysed for QA purposes. Video Analysis

 The video record is initially viewed rapidly (at approximately 4x normal speed) in order to segment it into sections representing different habitats. The start and end points of each segment are logged, and each segment subsequently subject to more detailed analysis. Brief changes in habitat type lasting less than one minute of the video record are considered as incidental patches and are not logged.

 For each segment, note the start and end time and position from the information on the video overlay. View the segment at normal or slower than normal speed, noting the physical and biological characteristics, such as substrate type, seabed character, species and life forms present. For each taxon record an actual abundance (where feasible) or a semi quantitative abundance (e.g. SACFOR scale).

 Record the analyses on the video pro-forma provided (paper and/or electronic), which is a modified version of the Sublittoral Habitat Recording Form used in the MNCR surveys.

 When each segment has been analysed, review the information recorded and assign the segment to one of the broadscale habitat (BSH) types or Habitat FOCI listed in the Ecological Network Guidance (as reproduced in Annexes 1 and 2 above). Note also any species FOCI observed (as per Annex 3 above). Stills analysis

 Still images should be analysed separately, to supplement and validate the video analysis, and provide more detailed (i.e. higher resolution) information than can be extracted from a moving video image.

 For each segment of video, select three still images that are representative of the BSH or FOCI to which the video segment has been assigned. For each image, note the time and position it was taken, using information from the associated video overlay.

 View the image at normal or greater than normal magnification, noting the physical and biological characteristics, such as substrate type, seabed character, species and life forms present. For each taxon record an actual abundance (where feasible) or a semi quantitative abundance (e.g. SACFOR scale).

 Record the analysis on the stills pro-forma provided (paper and/or electronic), which is a modified version of the Sublittoral Habitat Recording Form used in the MNCR surveys. Assign each still image to the same BSH or Habitat FOCI as its ‘parent’ segment in the video.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 27 Taxon identification In all analyses, the identification of taxa should be limited to a level that can be confidently achieved from the available image. Hence, taxon identity could range from the ‘life form’ level (e.g. sponge, hydroid, anemone) to the species level (e.g. Asterias rubens, Alcyonium digitatum). Avoid the temptation to guess the species identity if it cannot be determined positively from the image. For example, Spirobranchus sp. would be acceptable, but Spirobranchus triqueter would not, as the specific identification normally requires the specimen to be inspected under a microscope.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 28 Appendices

Appendix 1. Survey metadata (CEND0613) Key: CS –Camera Sledge; HC – HamCam; EOL – End of Line; SOL – Start of Line

Date Cruise Stn No. Stn Code Gear Latitude Longitude 21/05/2013 CEND0613 277 SISS32 SOL CS 49.738364 -6.286403 21/05/2013 CEND0613 277 SISS32 EOL CS 49.738459 -6.287512 21/05/2013 CEND0613 278 SISS54 SOL CS 49.737532 -6.291773 21/05/2013 CEND0613 278 SISS54 EOL CS 49.738395 -6.292187 21/05/2013 CEND0613 279 SISS53 SOL CS 49.720157 -6.293358 21/05/2013 CEND0613 279 SISS53 EOL CS 49.721072 -6.293565 21/05/2013 CEND0613 280 SISS53 HC 49.721470 -6.293570 21/05/2013 CEND0613 281 SISS15 HC 49.690560 -6.282770 21/05/2013 CEND0613 282 SISS08 HC 49.673570 -6.291420 21/05/2013 CEND0613 283 SISS35 HC 49.649880 -6.290330 21/05/2013 CEND0613 284 SISS33 HC 49.641300 -6.294720 21/05/2013 CEND0613 285 SISS02 HC 49.643510 -6.281120 21/05/2013 CEND0613 286 SISS06 HC 49.660690 -6.272490 21/05/2013 CEND0613 287 SISS10 HC 49.677600 -6.264140 21/05/2013 CEND0613 288 SISS10 SOL CS 49.677132 -6.263405 21/05/2013 CEND0613 288 SISS10 EOL CS 49.677671 -6.264187 21/05/2013 CEND0613 289 SISS21 HC 49.707840 -6.273960 21/05/2013 CEND0613 290 SISS21 SOL CS 49.707580 -6.273379 21/05/2013 CEND0613 290 SISS21 EOL CS 49.708133 -6.274344 21/05/2013 CEND0613 291 SISS27 HC 49.724920 -6.266200 21/05/2013 CEND0613 292 SISS29 HC 49.729000 -6.239160 21/05/2013 CEND0613 293 SISS23 HC 49.711970 -6.246820 22/05/2013 CEND0613 294 SISS17 HC 49.694970 -6.255500 22/05/2013 CEND0613 295 SISS44 HC 49.662370 -6.258350 22/05/2013 CEND0613 296 SISS04 HC 49.647370 -6.253420 22/05/2013 CEND0613 297 SISS39 HC 49.656250 -6.249360 22/05/2013 CEND0613 298 SISS46 HC 49.664510 -6.244750 22/05/2013 CEND0613 299 SISS12 HC 49.681560 -6.236390 22/05/2013 CEND0613 300 SISS18 HC 49.698970 -6.228530 22/05/2013 CEND0613 301 SISS24 HC 49.715710 -6.219690 22/05/2013 CEND0613 302 SISS30 HC 49.732950 -6.211970 22/05/2013 CEND0613 304 SISS25 HC 49.719570 -6.193250 22/05/2013 CEND0613 305 SISS19 HC 49.702500 -6.201240 22/05/2013 CEND0613 306 SISS13 HC 49.685820 -6.210110 22/05/2013 CEND0613 307 SISS50 HC 49.668440 -6.218090 22/05/2013 CEND0613 308 SISS48 HC 49.666290 -6.231820 22/05/2013 CEND0613 309 SISS41 HC 49.657860 -6.236110 22/05/2013 CEND0613 310 SISS34 HC 49.649100 -6.240410 22/05/2013 CEND0613 311 SISS36 HC 49.651450 -6.226970 22/05/2013 CEND0613 312 SISS42 HC 49.659810 -6.222540 22/05/2013 CEND0613 313 SISS37 HC 49.653320 -6.213400 22/05/2013 CEND0613 314 SISS43 HC 49.661760 -6.209110 22/05/2013 CEND0613 315 SISS38 HC 49.655400 -6.199740 22/05/2013 CEND0613 316 SISS45 HC 49.663790 -6.195420 22/05/2013 CEND0613 317 SISS51 HC 49.672430 -6.190810 22/05/2013 CEND0613 318 SISS14 HC 49.689570 -6.182780 22/05/2013 CEND0613 319 SISS14 SOL CS 49.689308 -6.182610 22/05/2013 CEND0613 319 SISS14 EOL CS 49.690281 -6.182663 22/05/2013 CEND0613 320 SISS20 HC 49.706640 -6.173760 22/05/2013 CEND0613 321 SISS20 SOL CS 49.706231 -6.173518 22/05/2013 CEND0613 321 SISS20 EOL CS 49.706945 -6.173687

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 29 Date Cruise Stn No. Stn Code Gear Latitude Longitude 22/05/2013 CEND0613 322 SISS26 HC 49.723770 -6.165280 22/05/2013 CEND0613 323 SISS56 HC 49.736410 -6.150050 22/05/2013 CEND0613 325 SISS28 SOL CS 49.727019 -6.137082 22/05/2013 CEND0613 325 SISS28 EOL CS 49.727580 -6.138077 22/05/2013 CEND0613 326 SISS22 HC 49.710460 -6.147210 22/05/2013 CEND0613 327 SISS16 HC 49.693200 -6.155350 22/05/2013 CEND0613 328 SISS16 SOL CS 49.692819 -6.154639 22/05/2013 CEND0613 328 SISS16 EOL CS 49.693467 -6.155479 22/05/2013 CEND0613 329 SISS09 HC 49.676160 -6.163750 22/05/2013 CEND0613 330 SISS52 HC 49.674320 -6.177290 22/05/2013 CEND0613 331 SISS52 SOL CS 49.673549 -6.177481 22/05/2013 CEND0613 331 SISS52 EOL CS 49.674192 -6.177992 22/05/2013 CEND0613 332 SISS49 HC 49.667660 -6.168330 22/05/2013 CEND0613 333 SISS47 HC 49.665580 -6.181880 22/05/2013 CEND0613 334 SISS05 HC 49.659190 -6.172660 22/05/2013 CEND0613 335 SISS05 SOL CS 49.658335 -6.172102 22/05/2013 CEND0613 335 SISS05 EOL CS 49.659033 -6.172373 22/05/2013 CEND0613 336 SISS40 HC 49.657060 -6.186100 22/05/2013 CEND0613 337 SISS01 HC 49.642230 -6.180630 22/05/2013 CEND0613 338 SISS01 SOL CS 49.641424 -6.181228 22/05/2013 CEND0613 338 SISS01 EOL CS 49.642166 -6.180822 22/05/2013 CEND0613 339 SISS03 HC 49.646360 -6.153240 22/05/2013 CEND0613 340 SISS55 HC 49.645070 -6.134720 22/05/2013 CEND0613 341 SISS55 SOL CS 49.645541 -6.134514 22/05/2013 CEND0613 341 SISS55 EOL CS 49.644850 -6.134345 23/05/2013 CEND0613 342 SISS07 HC 49.663200 -6.144780 23/05/2013 CEND0613 343 SISS11 HC 49.680070 -6.135610 23/05/2013 CEND0613 344 SISS57 HC 49.701590 -6.134040 23/05/2013 CEND0613 345 SISS31 SOL CS 49.736613 -6.183534 23/05/2013 CEND0613 345 SISS31 EOL CS 49.736989 -6.184555 23/05/2013 CEND0613 346 SISS51 SOL CS 49.672089 -6.190046 23/05/2013 CEND0613 346 SISS51 EOL CS 49.672482 -6.190770 23/05/2013 CEND0613 347 SISS37 SOL CS 49.653206 -6.212668 23/05/2013 CEND0613 347 SISS37 EOL CS 49.653871 -6.213460 23/05/2013 CEND0613 348 SISS13 SOL CS 49.684731 -6.210306 23/05/2013 CEND0613 348 SISS13 EOL CS 49.685455 -6.210052 23/05/2013 CEND0613 349 SISS30 SOL CS 49.731790 -6.212024 23/05/2013 CEND0613 349 SISS30 EOL CS 49.732560 -6.212032 23/05/2013 CEND0613 350 SISS18 SOL CS 49.698093 -6.228606 23/05/2013 CEND0613 350 SISS18 EOL CS 49.698839 -6.228490 23/05/2013 CEND0613 351 SISS41 SOL CS 49.657001 -6.236132 23/05/2013 CEND0613 351 SISS41 EOL CS 49.657689 -6.236003 23/05/2013 CEND0613 352 SISS34 SOL CS 49.648207 -6.240879 23/05/2013 CEND0613 352 SISS34 EOL CS 49.648962 -6.240731 23/05/2013 CEND0613 353 SISS04 SOL CS 49.646686 -6.254160 23/05/2013 CEND0613 353 SISS04 EOL CS 49.647524 -6.254012 23/05/2013 CEND0613 354 SISS44 SOL CS 49.661565 -6.258484 23/05/2013 CEND0613 354 SISS44 EOL CS 49.662553 -6.258840 23/05/2013 CEND0613 355 SISS35 SOL CS 49.649686 -6.289329 23/05/2013 CEND0613 355 SISS35 EOL CS 49.650249 -6.289801 23/05/2013 CEND0613 356 SISS08 SOL CS 49.672801 -6.289756 23/05/2013 CEND0613 356 SISS08 EOL CS 49.673404 -6.290819 23/05/2013 CEND0613 357 SISS27 SOL CS 49.724829 -6.265297 23/05/2013 CEND0613 357 SISS27 EOL CS 49.725183 -6.266585 23/05/2013 CEND0613 358 SISS54 HC 49.738340 -6.291390 23/05/2013 CEND0613 359 SISS23 SOL CS 49.711370 -6.246988 23/05/2013 CEND0613 359 SISS23 EOL CS 49.712337 -6.247444

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 30 Appendix 2. Outputs from acoustic surveys

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 31

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 32 Appendix 3. Evidence of human activities within the rMCZ

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 33 Appendix 4. Species list Species list for grab samples (Species FOCI indicated by grey shading if present). Percentage occurrence was calculated as the ‘Number of samples where the species occurs/total number of samples’ x 100.

Taxa % Occurrence SPONGES Porifera 4 Demospongiae 2 Poecilosclerida 2 HYDROIDS, CORALS, JELLYFISH, ANEMONES Cerianthus lloydii 67 Edwardsiidae 41 Epizoanthus incrustatus 39 Actiniaria 31 Sertularella 20 Campanulariidae 11 Sertularia 9 Caryophyllia smithii 6 Tubulariidae 6 Epizoanthus 4 Eudendrium 4 Halecium 4 Hydrozoa 4 Abietinaria abietina 2 Anthoathecata 2 Clytia hemisphaerica 2 Nemertesia 2 Obelia 2 Obelia longissima 2 Plumularia setacea 2 Stegopoma 2 FLATWORMS Turbellaria 4 RIBBON WORMS Nemertea 61 NEMATODES Nematoda 22 ENTOPROCTS Pedicellina 11 ARROW WORMS Chaetognatha 2 PEANUT WORMS Aspidosiphon muelleri 22 Golfingia elongata 7 Thysanocardia procera 6 Phascolion strombus 2 Sipuncula 2 SPOON WORMS Thalassema thalassemum 4

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 34 Taxa % Occurrence SEGMENTED WORMS Lumbrineris cingulata 74 Aponuphis bilineata 72 Glycera lapidum (agg.) 59 Mediomastus fragilis 59 Notomastus 57 Terebellida 46 Cirrophorus branchiatus 43 Glycinde nordmanni 43 Marphysa bellii 43 Aonides paucibranchiata 41 Goniadella gracilis 39 Polynoidae 39 Maldanidae 35 Lanice conchilega 31 Owenia fusiformis 31 Spiophanes kroyeri 31 Aglaophamus agilis 30 Spiophanes bombyx 30 Poecilochaetus serpens 24 Polycirrus 24 Sabellaria spinulosa 24 Scoloplos armiger 24 Clymenura 22 Eulalia mustela 22 Ophelia borealis 22 Chone 20 Euclymene lombricoides 20 Eunicida 20 Glycera oxycephala 20 Lysidice unicornis 20 Terebellides stroemi 20 Amphictene auricoma 19 Spionidae 19 Dipolydora coeca 17 Malmgrenia darbouxi 17 Podarkeopsis capensis 17 Serpulidae 17 Protodorvillea kefersteini 15 Terebellidae 15 Ampharete octocirrata 13 Ampharetidae 13 Aphelochaeta "species A" 13 Chaetozone setosa 13 Euclymene "species A" 13 Euclymene oerstedii 13 Exogone verugera 13 Loimia medusa 13 Magelona alleni 13 Peresiella clymenoides 13 Phyllodocidae 13 Pisione remota 13 Ampharete lindstroemi (agg.) 11 Lagis koreni 11 Monticellina dorsobranchialis 11 Myriochele 11 Nephtyidae 11 Paradoneis lyra 11 Pista cristata 11

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 35 Taxa % Occurrence Syllis armillaris 11 Tharyx killariensis 11 Glycera alba 9 Glycera fallax 9 Grania 9 Hydroides norvegicus 9 Laonice bahusiensis 9 Prionospio 9 Sabellidae 9 Sthenelais boa 9 Caulleriella alata 7 Chaetozone zetlandica 7 Eumida 7 Eumida sanguinea 7 Goniada maculata 7 Oweniidae 7 Paraonides 7 Pista malmgreni 7 Sigalionidae 7 Chaetozone 6 Cirratulidae 6 Diplocirrus stopbowitzi 6 Eulalia expusilla 6 Eunereis longissima 6 Goniadidae 6 Hyalinoecia tubicola 6 Magelona minuta 6 Notophyllum foliosum 6 Orbiniidae 6 Praxillella affinis 6 Proceraea 6 Abyssoninoe hibernica 4 Amaeana trilobata 4 Ampharete 4 Arabella iricolor 4 Aricidea catherinae 4 Aricidea cerrutii 4 Capitellidae 4 Caulleriella 4 Chaetozone christiei 4 Diplocirrus glaucus 4 Euclymene droebachiensis 4 Exogone hebes 4 Galathowenia oculata 4 Glycera tridactyla 4 Glycera unicornis 4 Glyphohesione klatti 4 Jasmineira caudata 4 Jasmineira elegans 4 Laonice sarsi 4 Lumbrineridae 4 Lumbrineris futilis 4 Magelona filiformis 4 Malmgrenia 4 Nephtys cirrosa (Type A) 4 Nereididae 4 Nicolea venustula 4 Nothria conchylega 4 Nothria conchylega (Type A) 4

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 36 Taxa % Occurrence Paramphitrite birulai 4 Polygordius 4 Prionospio cirrifera 4 Pseudomystides limbata 4 Pseudonotomastus southerni 4 Sabella pavonina 4 Sosane sulcata 4 Sphaerosyllis bulbosa 4 Sthenelais 4 Sthenelais limicola 4 Streblosoma 4 Syllis 4 Syllis hyalina 4 Syllis variegata 4 Thelepus setosus 4 Amphitrite 2 Anaitides groenlandica 2 Anaitides longipes 2 Aphelochaeta marioni 2 Aphrodita aculeata 2 Aphroditidae 2 Apistobranchus tullbergi 2 Arenicolidae 2 Aricidea 2 Aricidea laubieri 2 Aricidea roberti 2 Capitella 2 Chone (?) 2 Cirrophorus 2 Clymenura tricirrata 2 Euclymene 2 Eumida bahusiensis 2 Eunice pennata 2 Exogone verugera (epitoke) 2 Glycera capitata 2 Glycera rouxii 2 Glyceridae 2 Harmothoe glabra 2 Hesionidae 2 Hesiospina similis 2 Heteromastus filiformis 2 Laonice cirrata 2 Lumbrineriopsis 2 Malmgrenia andreapolis 2 Malmgrenia arenicolae 2 Malmgrenia mcintoshi 2 Mesochaetopterus 2 Myrianida 2 Nephtys 2 Nephtys hombergii 2 Nephtys kersivalensis 2 Nereimyra punctata 2 Nicolea 2 Notoproctus 2 Petta pusilla 2 Pionosyllis weismanni 2 Pista 2 Pista (Type A) 2 Protocirrineris 2

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 37 Taxa % Occurrence Psamathe fusca 2 Scolelepis 2 Scolelepis korsuni 2 Spio filicornis 2 Spiochaetopterus 2 Spiophanes 2 Streblospio 2 Streptodonta pterochaeta 2 Syllidae 2 Syllis fasciata 2 Syllis licheri 2 Syllis parapari 2 Syllis rosea 2 SEA SPIDERS Anoplodactylus petiolatus 9 Pycnogonum littorale 4 Achelia echinata 2 Callipallene 2 Endeis 2 Copepoda 65 Ampelisca spinipes 31 Eurydice spinigera 24 Urothoe elegans 24 Aoridae 19 Bathyporeia elegans 13 Nototropis vedlomensis 13 Ampelisca brevicornis 11 Ampelisca typica 11 Phtisica marina 11 Scalpellum 11 Diastylis bradyi 9 Leptocheirus hirsutimanus 9 Maerella tenuimana 9 Othomaera othonis 9 Photis longicaudata 9 Tanaopsis graciloides 9 Ampelisca 7 Callianassa subterranea 7 Ebalia tuberosa 7 Eurydice pulchra 7 Gnathiidae 7 Stenothoe marina 7 Ampelisca diadema 6 Bodotria arenosa 6 6 Ebalia cranchii 6 Euphausiidae 6 Eurynome aspera 6 Harpinia laevis 6 Ampelisca tenuicornis 4 Apherusa cirrus 4 Autonoe longipes 4 Diastylis laevis 4 Ebalia 4 Ebalia tumefacta 4 Galathea 4 Galathea intermedia 4 Gammaropsis cornuta 4

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 38 Taxa % Occurrence Gnathia oxyuraea 4 Hippomedon denticulatus 4 Myodocopida 4 Synchelidium maculatum 4 Westwoodilla caecula 4 Acidostoma neglectum 2 Amphilochus manudens 2 Amphipoda 2 Anapagurus chiroacanthus 2 Apherusa jurinei 2 Astacilla (Type A) 2 Astacilla longicornis 2 Atelecyclus rotundatus 2 Atylus 2 Autonoe denticarpus 2 Bathyporeia 2 Cheirocratus 2 Cheirocratus intermedius 2 Diastylis rathkei 2 Dyopedos porrectus 2 Eualus gaimardii 2 Eudorella truncatula 2 Eurynome 2 Eurynome spinosa 2 Galathea nexa 2 Gammaropsis (?) 2 Harpinia antennaria 2 Hersiliodes 2 Hyperia galba 2 Ichnopus spinicornis 2 Jassa 2 Leptocheirus pectinatus 2 Leucothoe lilljeborgi 2 pusillus 2 Macropodia linaresi 2 Maera loveni 2 Metaphoxus simplex 2 Mysidacea 2 Paguridae 2 Photis inornatus 2 Pontocrates arenarius 2 Processa 2 Processa canaliculata 2 Pseudocuma simile 2 Rocinela danmoniensis 2 Stenothoe monoculoides 2 Synchelidium haplocheles 2 Tmetonyx cicada 2 Upogebia 2 MOLLUSCS Abra prismatica 48 Pharidae 22 Modiolula phaseolina 15 Pectinoida 13 Thracia 13 Abra 11 Bivalvia 11 Hiatella arctica 11 Kurtiella bidentata 11

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 39 Taxa % Occurrence Moerella pygmaea 11 Doto 9 Phaxas pellucidus 9 Cylichna cylindracea 7 Leptochiton asellus 7 Acteon tornatilis 6 Dosinia exoleta 6 Neomenia carinata 6 Antalis 4 Atrina fragilis 4 Cuthona 4 Dosinia 4 Euspira montagui 4 Euspira nitida 4 Gari costulata 4 Abra nitida 2 Acanthodoris pilosa 2 Aequipecten opercularis 2 Anomiidae 2 Antalis entalis 2 Arctica islandica 2 Colus gracilis 2 Dendronotus frondosus 2 Epitonium trevelyanum 2 Goniodorididae 2 Lomanotus 2 Macoma balthica 2 Nucula nucleus 2 Nudibranchia 2 Polygireulima polita 2 Pruvotina 2 Similipecten similis 2 Spisula 2 Spisula elliptica 2 Timoclea ovata 2 Trapania 2 Trapania maculata 2 Veneridae 2 BRYOZOANS Cellaria 22 Alcyonidium diaphanum 9 Bicellariella ciliata 7 Alcyonidium parasiticum 6 Escharella variolosa 6 Escharella ventricosa 6 Scrupocellaria scruposa 6 Escharella immersa 4 Alcyonidium mamillatum 2 Amphiblestrum 2 Amphiblestrum auritum 2 Beania mirabilis 2 Bryozoa 2 Bugula 2 Conopeum reticulum 2 Electra pilosa 2 Escharella 2 Omalosecosa ramulosa 2 Pentapora fascialis 2 Tricellaria 2

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 40 Taxa % Occurrence Tricellaria inopinata 2 Tubulipora 2 Turbicellepora avicularis 2 Vesicularia spinosa 2 HORSESHOE WORMS Phoronis 28 SEA STARS, URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS Echinocyamus pusillus 72 Amphiuridae 20 Ophiuridae 13 Amphipholis squamata 7 Echinoida 6 Amphiura filiformis 4 Cucumariidae 4 Echinocardium flavescens 4 Rhabdomolgus ruber 4 Synaptidae 4 Holothuriidae 2 Labidoplax 2 Leptosynapta 2 Leptosynapta bergensis 2 Leptosynapta inhaerens 2 Ophiactis balli 2 Ophiura albida 2 Thyone fusus 2 ACORN WORMS ENTEROPNEUSTA 6 SEA SQUIRTS Ascidiacea 4 Ascidiella aspersa 2 Dendrodoa grossularia 2 Didemnidae 2 Molgula 2 LANCELETS Branchiostoma lanceolatum 6 FISH Perciformes 2 Solea solea 2 ALGAE Rhodophyta 2

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 41 Species list for video samples (Species FOCI indicated by grey shading if present). ‘Number of video samples where the species occurs/total number of video samples’ x 100.

Taxa % Occurrence SPONGES Porifera 52 Suberites ficus 26 Stelligera sp. 15 Porifera Type 2 11 Polymastia boletiformis 7 Porifera Type 1 7 Porifera Type 3 7 Raspailia 7 Ciocalypta penicillus 4 Polymastia penicillus 4 HYDROIDS, CORALS, JELLYFISH, ANEMONES Hydroid/bryozoan turf 100 Nemertesia antennina 89 Nemertesia ramosa 85 Caryophyllia smithii 59 Mesacmaea mitchelli 59 Alcyonium digitatum 48 Cerianthus lloydii 48 Sagartia troglodytes 30 Urticina felina 30 Sagartia 26 Actiniaria 11 Corymorpha nutans 11 Epizoanthus incrustatus 11 Lytocarpia myriophyllum 11 Corynactis viridis 7 Hydractinia 4 Myxicola infundibulum 4 SEGMENTED WORMS Serpulidae 48 Terebellidae 30 Polychaete tube 7 Lanice conchilega 4 Polychaete 4 Sabellidae 4 CRUSTACEANS Paguridae 74 Ebalia sp. 30 Inachus sp. 26 Brachyura 15 Pagurus bernhardus 7 Atelecyclus rotundatus 4 Macropodia 4 Processa canaliculata 4 MOLLUSCS Pleurobranchus membranaceus 30 Bivalvia 7 Calliostoma zizyphinum 7 Ancula gibbosa 4 Aporrhais pespelecani 4 Eledone cirrhosa 4 Pecten maximus 4

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 42 Taxa % Occurrence BRYOZOANS Alcyonidium diaphanum 78 Cellaria 70 Encrusting bryozoa 7 Omalesecosa ramulosa 7 Vesicularia spinosa 7 SEA STARS, URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS Astropecten irregularis 52 Ophiura sp. 33 Asterias rubens 15 Porania pulvillus 11 Luidia sarsi 7 Marthasterias glacialis 7 SEA SQUIRTS Ascidiacea 19 FISH Scyliorhinus canicula 30 Actinopterygii 22 Microchirus variegatus 22 Trisopterus luscus 15 Callionymus 11 Solea solea 11 Gadidae 7 Gaidropsarus vulgaris 4 Lepidorhombrus whiffiagonis 4 Pleuronectidae 4 Triglidae 4 ALGAE Ulva lactuca 4

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 43 Appendix 5. Analyses of sediment samples: classification and composition Stn No. Stn Code Latitude Longitude Sediment Description EUNIS Level 3/BSH Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt/clay (%) 337 SISS01 49.64223 -6.18063 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 8.47 85.72 5.81 285 SISS02 49.64351 -6.28112 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 20.77 78.23 1.00 339 SISS03 49.64636 -6.15324 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 44.34 47.93 7.72 296 SISS04 49.64737 -6.25342 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 5.06 90.87 4.07 334 SISS05 49.65919 -6.17266 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 23.48 71.00 5.52 286 SISS06 49.66069 -6.27249 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 37.11 60.91 1.98 342 SISS07 49.66320 -6.14478 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 26.35 68.52 5.14 282 SISS08 49.67357 -6.29142 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 2.88 94.45 2.67 329 SISS09 49.67616 -6.16375 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 8.96 89.36 1.68 287 SISS10 49.67760 -6.26414 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 0.94 96.38 2.68 343 SISS11 49.68007 -6.13561 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 9.42 89.08 1.50 299 SISS12 49.68156 -6.23639 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 14.94 78.96 6.10 306 SISS13 49.68582 -6.21011 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 0.53 97.48 1.99 318 SISS14 49.68957 -6.18278 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 25.93 68.56 5.50 281 SISS15 49.69056 -6.28277 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 48.32 45.89 5.79 327 SISS16 49.69320 -6.15535 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 15.33 72.85 11.81 294 SISS17 49.69497 -6.25550 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 68.22 29.50 2.28 300 SISS18 49.69897 -6.22853 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 21.10 76.00 2.90 305 SISS19 49.70250 -6.20124 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 38.90 55.00 6.11 320 SISS20 49.70664 -6.17376 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 49.76 47.91 2.33 289 SISS21 49.70784 -6.27396 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 10.57 84.90 4.53 326 SISS22 49.71046 -6.14721 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 1.14 96.16 2.69 293 SISS23 49.71197 -6.24682 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 0.38 98.33 1.29 301 SISS24 49.71571 -6.21969 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 53.34 44.69 1.96 304 SISS25 49.71957 -6.19325 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 0.31 93.23 6.46 322 SISS26 49.72377 -6.16528 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 39.79 53.41 6.80 291 SISS27 49.72492 -6.26620 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 50.57 38.25 11.18 292 SISS29 49.72900 -6.23916 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediment 63.96 28.22 7.81 302 SISS30 49.73295 -6.21197 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 31.25 62.98 5.78 284 SISS33 49.64130 -6.29472 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 40.06 49.46 10.49 310 SISS34 49.64910 -6.24041 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 7.42 88.48 4.10 283 SISS35 49.64988 -6.29033 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 11.02 86.14 2.84 311 SISS36 49.65145 -6.22697 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 20.12 74.82 5.06 313 SISS37 49.65332 -6.21340 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 34.34 55.92 9.75

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 44 Stn No. Stn Code Latitude Longitude Sediment Description EUNIS Level 3/BSH Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt/clay (%) 315 SISS38 49.65540 -6.19974 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 16.44 64.16 19.41 297 SISS39 49.65625 -6.24936 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 17.38 75.02 7.59 336 SISS40 49.65706 -6.18610 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 53.87 44.34 1.79 309 SISS41 49.65786 -6.23611 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 3.70 82.94 13.35 312 SISS42 49.65981 -6.22254 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 0.40 97.74 1.86 314 SISS43 49.66176 -6.20911 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 39.96 53.04 7.00 295 SISS44 49.66237 -6.25835 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 51.12 42.66 6.22 316 SISS45 49.66379 -6.19542 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 35.90 61.79 2.31 298 SISS46 49.66451 -6.24475 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 31.80 66.32 1.88 333 SISS47 49.66558 -6.18188 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 48.64 42.34 9.02 308 SISS48 49.66629 -6.23182 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 4.57 91.21 4.21 332 SISS49 49.66766 -6.16833 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 41.66 57.00 1.34 307 SISS50 49.66844 -6.21809 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 51.35 42.36 6.29 317 SISS51 49.67243 -6.19081 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 9.36 84.46 6.18 330 SISS52 49.67432 -6.17729 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 49.23 49.25 1.52 280 SISS53 49.72147 -6.29357 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 0.80 96.79 2.41 358 SISS54 49.73834 -6.29139 mixed sediments A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments 7.54 79.63 12.82 340 SISS55 49.64507 -6.13472 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 49.82 47.42 2.76 323 SISS56 49.73641 -6.15005 sand and muddy sand A5.2 Subtidal Sand 4.11 95.38 0.51 344 SISS57 49.70159 -6.13404 coarse sediment A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment 13.00 84.24 2.76

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 45 Appendix 6. BSH/EUNIS Level 3 descriptions derived from video and stills Station Station No. Code Latitude Longitude Habitat No. EUNIS Level 3/BSH MNCR Code 338 SISS01 49.6414239 -6.18122799 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 353 SISS04 49.6466855 -6.25416 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 335 SISS05 49.6583348 -6.17210184 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 356 SISS08 49.6728005 -6.28975621 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 288 SISS10 49.677132 -6.26340467 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 288 SISS10 49.677278 -6.26359981 2 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 288 SISS10 49.6776077 -6.26409251 3 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 348 SISS13 49.6847315 -6.21030629 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 319 SISS14 49.6893083 -6.1826097 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 328 SISS16 49.6928189 -6.1546387 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 328 SISS16 49.6930357 -6.15495855 2 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 350 SISS18 49.6980932 -6.22860562 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 321 SISS20 49.706231 -6.1735182 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 290 SISS21 49.7075805 -6.2733786 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 290 SISS21 49.7079568 -6.2740387 2 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 359 SISS23 49.7113699 -6.246988 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 359 SISS23 49.7122908 -6.247439 2 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 357 SISS27 49.7248285 -6.265297 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 325 SISS28 49.7270194 -6.13708226 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 325 SISS28 49.7274023 -6.13776462 2 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 349 SISS30 49.7317896 -6.21202417 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 349 SISS30 49.7323317 -6.21202479 2 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 345 SISS31 49.736613 -6.18353391 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 277 SISS32 49.7383636 -6.286403 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 352 SISS34 49.6482072 -6.24087869 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 355 SISS35 49.6496856 -6.2893289 1 A5.1 Subtidal Coarse Sediment SS.SCS.CCS 347 SISS37 49.6532059 -6.212668 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 351 SISS41 49.6570006 -6.23613176 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 46 Station Station No. Code Latitude Longitude Habitat No. EUNIS Level 3/BSH MNCR Code 351 SISS41 49.6573893 -6.23597649 2 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 354 SISS44 49.661565 -6.25848439 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 346 SISS51 49.6720889 -6.190046 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 331 SISS52 49.6735485 -6.1774805 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 279 SISS53 49.7201571 -6.29335831 1 A5.2 Subtidal Sand SS.SSa 278 SISS54 49.7375324 -6.2917727 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx 341 SISS55 49.6455408 -6.13451393 1 A5.4 Subtidal Mixed Sediments SS.SMx.CMx

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 47 Appendix 7. Example images from survey for broadscale habitats Broadscale Habitats Description Example Image taken during survey A5.1 Subtidal coarse Coarse sediments sediment including coarse sand, gravel, pebbles, shingle and cobbles which are often unstable due to tidal currents and/or wave action.

A5.2 Subtidal sand Clean medium to fine sands or non-cohesive slightly muddy sands on open coasts, offshore or in estuaries and marine inlets.

A5.4 Subtidal mixed Sublittoral mixed sediments (heterogeneous) sediments found from the extreme low water mark to deep offshore circalittoral habitats.

South of the Isles of Scilly rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 48 Appendix 8. Example images from survey for habitat FOCI Habitat FOCI Description Example Image taken during survey None observed - -

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