05-01-21 Scoping Study
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Map Page 2 This report has been prepared by: Urban Systems Ltd. #200-286 St. Paul Street Kamloops, BC V2C 6G4 Contact: Jeremy Cooke Tel: (250) 374-8311 Email: [email protected] For: Nicola Stock Breeders Association P.O. Box 645 Merritt, BC V1K 1B8 Contact: Jens Larsen Nicola Lake & Ranch Upper Nicola Tel: (250) 378-4967 Contents Page 3 Page 4 Setting the Stage Water is one of the most vital resources that sustains life in the Nicola River Basin or Watershed and that could limit socio-economic development. Increasing competition for this scarce natural resource may lead to conflict between various water users if sustainable and equitable “rules of the game” are not developed by local stake- holders and government officials. Before we can set these rules, we need to understand the dynamics of how everything in the river basin fits together and interacts with each other, and we need to have accurate facts regarding river flow regimes and water use. Page 6 Process Adopted Since it is deemed important to obtain stakeholder buy- in to the process of strategic water management planning, the Nicola process was based on reasonably extensive public involvement. The initial focus was placed on visioning related to how we can best achieve optimal solutions to water management problems. As we learned more about the system it was possible to identify important water related issues and prac- tices. We then prioritized these issues and started work on formulating practical strategies and solutions to arrive at where we need to be in future. In other words, we have to “chart our water future” in the Nicola River Basin. The Phase 1 study has only been intended to be a very brief scoping exercise which culminated in a stakeholder workshop that was held in Mer- ritt on October 14 & 15, 2004. Page 8 Inventory and Issues Page 8 Natural Processes How nature has formed and continues to shape the river basin landscape, its water quality and, in turn, our lives. Page 12 Ecological Processes That part of our environment made up of living organisms. We need to understand their life cycles, their food sources and their habitat needs in order to agree on and to exercise sound environmental stewardship. Page 16 Human Activities An inventory of human factors at work and how interaction with natural and ecological process takes place in the Nicola Basin. Page 22 Water Use A brief inventory of water requirements in the river basin. Page 26 Water Availability Understanding the water cycle and how much surface and ground water is available for use. Page 29 Water Balance Reconciling water resource availability and water use with a view to providing water management decision support information. Page 32 Evaluation of Issues U nc ov ering c onc erns ; c ollating and analyzing information and data, integrating these results, developing common objectives, and present- ing possible solutions. Page 41 Way Forward Some ideas towards developing a game plan and creating an institutional framework; listing ways (strategies) for implementing management options and determining how to measure progress. Page 43 Conclusion In a nutshell, this study was launched by the Nicola Stock Breed- ers Association to collate water resource management information and to initiate a process that would encourage the formulation of a water management plan for the Nicola River Basin. Setting The Stage Page 4 The Nicola River Basin, covers an area of approximately mated to be 15,000. Recreation v isitors staying at lake- 7280 square kilometres (1.8 million acres) in the South shore and other dwellings throughout this area swell this Central Interior of British Columbia. number significantly during the summer. The river basin is mainly comprised of tree covered rolling The economy of the river basin relies primarily on natural hills with numerous small lakes. The south-western parts of resources. Forestry logging occurs throughout the area the basin include the Cascade Mountains that receive rea- with manufacturing activities in Merritt. Agriculture, mainly sonably high precipitation which is in stark contrast to the ranching, focuses its operations (predominantly alfalfa drier north-eastern parts of this river basin. growing) along the various watercourses with extensive summer rangeland cattle grazing taking place in the up- land crown lands. Mining is mainly centered in the upper Extensive grasslands and sparse tree cover exist in the reaches of the Guichon Creek in the north west where area between the four largest lakes in the basin (namely one of the largest copper/molybdenum mines in the world Nicola Lake, Stump Lake, Douglas Lake and Chapperon is still in operation. Decommissioned mines occur in the Lake) that lie in the upper drier Nicola River area in the vicinity of Merritt. eastern highlands. The Nicola River is one of the biggest tributaries of the Human habitation is centered in the city of Merritt and the Thompson River that in turn flows into the Fraser River. District of Logan Lake with widespread agricultural and The Nicola stream length is approximately 193 km from First Nation communities that inhabit the river valleys along its source on the plateau west of Okanagan Lake to the Nicola River and its major tributaries. In the year 2000, where it joins the Lower Thompson River near Spences the permanent population of the Nicola Basin was esti- Bridge. All living organisms are dependant on the environment around them for survival. We need sunlight, a favourable climate, a suitable atmos- “Interdependency” phere, water, food, shelter and many other communal and social proc- esses to live. Human activity has a major impact on our natural and ecological environment which in turn could have a positive or negative impact on human life. All these interdependencies must be understood so that humans, as stewards of the environment in which we live, can make sound and rational management decisions. Page 5 The Nicola, along with its major tributaries (the Cold- • the water needs of natural ecological processes and water, Clapperton, Guichon and Spius) form an important business activities, spawning and rearing ground for marine anadromous (coho, chinook and pink salmon) and other resident spe- • the values placed on water by each interest group, cies such as kokanee, steelhead and trout. • the scientific facts that describe the dynamics of the water system, Annual productivity of this important resource may have • the need to jointly develop optimal water storage, river decreased due to: riverine habitat degradation; low wa- f low operating rules, habitat maintenance and other ter levels in dry years; floods in wet years; increases in water management practices and strategies, river water temperature in both the Nicola River System and the Fraser River; and the perception that excessive • the need for institutional arrangements that adequately harv esting of salmon stocks is occurring in the commer- represent water use interest groups in the Nicola Ba- cial f ishery on the coast. sin, and • a focussed effort by all parties to develop a water All components of the broader social and natural envi- management plan that strives to achieve a balanced ronment in the Nicola River System require adequate water situation in the Nicola Basin. and reliable supplies of water in order to survive. Conflict between these various water users can be man- aged if each group and their stewards understand and respect: r Thompson Rive Kamloops Highland Valley Copper Logan Lake SpencesSpence’s Bridge Mamit y Lake a w e e r Stump k F e Lake a e l r l a C h i n N u o q i h Nicola Chapperon c o c o i C Lake la u Lake R G . Douglas A Lake g ay 5 ighw . Me r rit t H r C r s u e i v p . i S R r R e Quilchena Creek t r a e w d s l o to Kelowna a C r F Nicola River Basin N to Lower Mainland Process Adopted Page 6 ‘We‘We must must learnlearn to to respect respect each each othersothers values values in in life….life…. round round tabletable talkstalks must must be be encouraged…’ encouraged…’ ‘….we‘….we require require a a securesecure supplysupply of of water water inin terms terms ofof quantity quantity and and quality.’ quality.’ ‘…we‘…we mustmust set set sustainable sustainable and and equitable equitable rulesrules of of the the water water game game in in the the Nicola’ Nicola’ ‘…we‘…we needneed to to envisionenvision whatwhat we we would would like like to to see see as as the the ideal ideal in in the the River River Basin.Basin. Let’s Let’s complete complete the the statement statement “wouldn’t “wouldn’t it it be be great great if…”if…” ’ ’ Scoping process adopted in this study • Conducted a public involvement program to inform stakeholders and to encourage participation in future river basin management planning. • Prepared a broad-brush inventory of existing information related to natural and ecological processes, human activi- ties, water use and water availability, and the water balance in the Nicola River Basin. • A brief evaluation of this information to distil important water related data, concerns and issues. The identification of knowledge gaps and possible ways forward. • The Nicola Watershed Community Round Table, which represents all residents and stakeholders in the Nicola River Basin, offered to host a two-day public workshop. The information referred to above was presented to the workshop, issues were raised, visions and objectives set, and discussions held as to how a water management plan should be prepared. 150 delegates attended the first day and 80 the second. First Nations (Nicola Tribal Association) and Agri- cultural leadership played a major role in calling for commitment from attendees.