Bioaccumulation of the Pesticide Imidacloprid in Stream Organisms and Sublethal Effects on Salamanders
Global Ecology and Conservation 24 (2020) e01292 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Global Ecology and Conservation journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/gecco Original Research Article Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders * Sara M. Crayton a, , Petra B. Wood a, b, Donald J. Brown a, c, Alice R. Millikin a, Terence J. McManus d, Tyler J. Simpson e, Kang-Mo Ku e, f, Yong-Lak Park e a West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States b U.S. Geological Survey, West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States c U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Parsons, WV, 26287, United States d West Virginia University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States e West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States f Chonnam National University, Department of Horticulture, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides in the world. The Received 2 December 2019 neonicotinoid imidacloprid is commonly applied to hemlock (Tsuga spp.) stands in eastern Received in revised form 22 September North America to reduce tree mortality from infestations of the invasive hemlock woolly 2020 adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae). While laboratory and mesocosm studies have determined Accepted 22 September 2020 that imidacloprid can bioaccumulate in anurans and cause sublethal effects, no field studies have investigated whether salamanders or insects in streams adjacent to HWA Keywords: treatments bioaccumulate imidacloprid or if sublethal effects are detectable in wild sala- Imidacloprid Bioaccumulation manders.
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