The Journal of Zoology Studies 2016; 3(4): 53-84

The Journal of Zoology Studies

ISSN 2348-5914 JOZS 2016; 3(4): 53-84 An annotated checklist of Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from JOZS © 2016 India with remarks on Surra disease vectors Received: 09-07-2016

Accepted: 11-08-2016 Authors: Aniruddha Maity, Atanu Naskar, Jayita Sengupta, Surajit Hazra, Panchanan Parui,

Sumit Homechaudhuri, Dhriti Banerjee Aniruddha Maity

Diptera Section, Abstract Zoological Survey of India,

M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, INDIA. Tabanids are one of the representative groups of brachyceran insects under order Diptera and family Tabanidae as they have two wings, haltere, sickle shaped antennae, pulvilliform Atanu Naskar th th Diptera Section, empodium and their 4 and 5 radial veins terminate on opposite side of the wing. Tabnids are Zoological Survey of India, known for their furious bite followed by annoying sensation. Their haematophagy makes them M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata economically important as a serious pest for domestic and wild lives. Several viral, bacterial and 700053, INDIA. protozoan diseases are reported to be transmitted by around 20 species of vector tabanids from Jayita Sengupta India. Among all other diseases, Trypanosomiasis (locally called ‘Surra’) is one of the most Diptera Section, prevalent protozoan diseases in Indian sub-regions and causes serious threats to livestock and Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata wild animal mortality. In India, 14 species are reported as Surra disease vectors. Worldwide the 700053, INDIA. Family Tabanidae has 4406 known species in 137 genera (Pape T et.al. 2013) and is represented

Surajit Hazra by 310 species in 20 genera in Oriental region. Existing checklist of Tabanidae from India Diptera Section, reported the presence of 244 species under 15 genera and 3subfamily. Here an updated checklist Zoological Survey of India, of Tabanidae has been provided with 247 species and 1 subspecies belonging to 14 genera in 6 M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, INDIA. tribes and 3 subfamilies. Old names have been modified to update the current list.

Panchanan Parui Keywords: Tabanidae, Updated checklist, Surra disease, Vector, India Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, 1. Introduction M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, INDIA. Tabanidae is a family of order Diptera, suborder Brachycera, Infraorder Tabanomorpha and Superfamily Tabanoidea under classification scheme of Marshall, 2012. They are differently Sumit Homechaudhuri named as horse flies (Tabanus), deer flies (Chrysops), or clegs (Haematopota) depending upon Departemnt of Zoology, different genera from where they belong to. These robust and sturdy flies are strong fliers and University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700019, INDIA. exhibit body size ranging from 5 to 33 mm. Adults of males feed on nectar, while females exhibit both haematophagous as well as nectarophagous feeding habit. Blood meal is necessary Dhriti Banerjee to carry out gonotrophic cycles in female Tabanids except for those who exhibit autogeny, a Diptera Section, process where usually single gonotrophic cycle can be completed without any blood meal. Zoological Survey of India, Males and females of the species are sexually dimorphic and show striking differences in the M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, INDIA. arrangement of eyes, which is used as differentiating characters. Females are dichoptic where eyes are separated by frons while males are holoptic where eyes are contiguous. Key diagnostic Corresponding Author: characters of this family are presence of annulated antennae forming sickle shape, presence of Aniruddha Maity pulvilliform empodium, 4th and 5th posterior vein diverge at the wing tip to form an open ‘V’, Diptera Section, discal cell longer than wide and wing with enlarged lower calypter. Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata

700053, INDIA.

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2. Life cycle stages Mature larvae of Tabanidae are usually 12-50 mm 5. Trypanosomiasis or Surra disease long, calour varies from white to green, cylindrical, Trypanosomiasis is a disease characterized by high elongate, and fusiform, with a pigmented, retractile, fever, skin lesion, anaemia, and weight loss. The sclerotized head capsule, 3 thoracic and 8 abdominal disease is mainly prevalent in cattle, horse, camel and segments, and a terminal respiratory siphon postero- other domestic animals and transmitted by several dorsally. The first 7 abdominal segments usually have vector species of tabanid flies [3]. The disease was 3 or 4 pairs of pseudopodia anteriorly. Larvae of most originated from Africa and Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, species of Tabanidae are carnivorous except first and 1885) was the first mammalian trypanosome to be second instars which are non-feeding [13], while described in 1880 by Griffith Evans in blood of Indian majority of Chrysops larvae are saprophagous. equines. First case study of trypanosomiasis in India Pupation usually occurs in drier soil near the larval was described in camel by Basu, Menon & Sen Gupta habitat. The pupal period varies from approximately 1 [5]. There are several case studies of trypanosomiasis to 3 weeks and is temperature-dependent [38]. transmission in cattle and other live stocks. Investigation of the death of 13 tigers including 12 Pupae of Tabanidae are usually 10-33 mm long; white tigers in Nandan Kanan Zoo, Orissa was found to usually having various shades of colour from brown to be caused by trypanosomiasis transmission and several nearly black, obtect, arched dorsally, and elongate. The vector species were also found from the study area [80]. head and thorax are closely appressed. Eight abdominal First case report of trypanosomiasis in human was segments are present, the last terminating in an aster reported in 2005 in a farmer of Nagpur, Maharashtra composed of 3 pairs of pointed, sclerotized tubercles. [27]. A recent outbreak of this disease was reported in Abdominal segments II-VII bear 1 or 2 rows of fringe cattle of Ludhiana, Punjab [72]. Several serological test spines posteriorly on all sclerites except in the species and lymph examination using Haematocrit Centrifuge of genus Silvius Meigen, 1820. Technique (HCT) or Dark Ground buffy coat (DG) technique were used earlier for disease diagnosis [46]. Adult tabanids of females are generally Varying sensitivity of the test and failure to detect haematophagous, known for their noxious bite in both trypanosomes if number of parasites were too low wild and domestic cattle and vast range of livestocks depict limitation of parasitological diagnosis. However including birds, mammals even human, while males antigen ELISA was shown to have high diagnostic generally prefer to feed on plant extracts and nectars. sensitivity [43]. Trypanosomiasis was distributed mainly in Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, Palearctic region, 3. Habit & Habitat evident from distribution map found in the review They are largely seen in warm days with low wind literature [21]. Although it has potential to spread in speed. Their abundance remains very high during Australia and Bismarck arch of Australasian oceanian monsoon [1]. Their preferred habitat seemed to be region due to presence of few potent vector species of bushy areas or grassland near aquatic body. Females surra disease in those regions. Use of drugs viz. are often found nearby their hosts, mostly seen in and Quinapyramine sulphate (sub cutaneous dose) at 3-5 around cattle in village areas. Adults generally take rest mg / kg body weight would be effective to kill on tree trunks after feeding. They are all diurnal in trypanosomes in blood tissues while the use of habit and found to breed near aquatic bodies [18]. antricyde prosalt (1.5 parts quinapyramine sulphate and 1 part quinapyramine chloride) resulted in prophylactic 4. Vector potentiality effect and that lasts for 3 months. Diminazene was Tabanids are known to transmit around 80 different found to be very effective especially in case of types of viral, bacterial and protozoan diseases. Among buffaloes. them trypanosomiasis, loaloa, anthrax are prevalent and at the same time even cause fatal in some cases left 6. Taxonomic research untreated [29]. They are responsible for economical loss The Indian Tabanidae was studied which included a in dairy industry as their easy targets are domestic species and described from India herself earlier in 1798 cattle across the rural belts of several states in this by Fabricius [23], who has later added three more country [19]. Thus they have become the flies of species [24]. Subsequently, in the nineteenth century, medical and veterinary importance and cause serious Wiedemann [86, 87], Macquart [33, 34, 35, 36], Saunders [62], hazards to livestock and wild animals [4]. Checklist of Walker [83, 84, 85], Schiner [63] and Bigot [6, 7] have Tabanidae and vector tabanids need to be updated in described several species from different parts of India. order to prepare control measure for successful With the beginning of the twentieth century, Ricardo prevention of Trypanosomiasis, one of the most potent [54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61] has contributed much to the Indian and deadly diseases transmitted by these flies in India. fauna and her outstanding contribution of 1911 is the

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most important source of reference till today. Besides, scope to serve as a valuable database in designing Brunetti [8], Surcouf [75], Austen [2], Senior-White [68, 69, control plans and management of Surra disease. 70, 71], Enderlein [22], Szilady [76], Schuurmans Stekhoven [64, 65, 66], Krober [30], Basu, Menon & Sen Horseflies belong to one of the specious families of Gupta [5], Philip [47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52], Philip &. Mackerras Tabanidae under order Diptera, having 4406 species [53], Mackerras [31], Sen &. Fletcher [67], Chva’la [12], under 137 genera known from worldwide [45]. Previous Stone &. Philip [73], Stone [74], Datta & Biswas [14], checklist of Tabanidae [40] recorded 244 species under Datta·& Das [15], Datta [16, 17] and Veer [79] have also 15 genera, 3 subfamilies and 7 tribes from India. Since made commendable works by describing and recording many of the tabanids are synonymised and several are species occurring in India. A check-list of Tabanidae recorded recently from India till then, thereby hitherto known, is provided synoptically in order to enhancing importance of producing updated and have a general idea of the faunal composition in India annotated list of tabanids from India. after Datta [18]; Vasudeva [78]; Mitra [40]. For further details and better-understanding, the reader is referred 8. Materials and Methods to the works by Stone &. Philip [73], Joseph & Parui [25], Present list has been prepared based on recent Stone [74], Joseph & Parui [26], Moucha [42], Burton [11], taxonomic changes after Alan Stone [74] and Daniels Burger [9] and Burger &. Thompson [10], Datta [17, 18, 19], [20]. Several literatures were studied to cross check which incorporated species from India too. existence and validity of scientific names viz. Vasudeva [78], Thomson reuters [77], and currently Kapoor et al. produced annotated list on horseflies and available literatures, keeping in mind the recent listed a total of 222 tabanid species including 15 new nomenclatural and classificatory changes in Morita [41], species from India in 1990 [28]. Later they proposed Marshall [37], Pape and Evenhuis [44], and Pape and new name Philipota for Philipomyia. Recently Veer Thomposon [45]. [81] produced a detailed catalogue on Horseflies from Indian sub-region. Later Vasudeva [78] produced a list 9. Results of Tabanidae from India with notes on disease vectors 9.1 Checklist and listed a total of 239 species in 14 genera. More Order Diptera (Linnaeus, 1758) recently, Mitra [39, 40] made some contributions on Suborder Brachycera (Macquart, 1834) Indian tabanids by producing list of tabanids where a Infraorder Tabanomorpha (Hennig, 1948) total of 244 tabanid species in 15 genera were listed Superfamily Tabanoidea (Latreille, 1802) from India. But there are still many more tabanid FAMILY TABANIDAE (Latreille, 1802) species to be recorded and described from India. Subfamily Pangoniinae (Grunberg, 1906) Besides that there are lots of current literatures Tribe Philolichini (Mackerras, 1954) available after surveying those literatures total numbers of tabanids available from India and their current PHILOLICHE Wiedemann, 1820 [7 Species] taxonomic nomenclatures and systematic positions are validated for producing the current updated synoptic Philoliche amboinensis (Fabricius, 1805) list. 1805. Pangonia amboinensis Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 91. 7. Gap area & Objective of the present study 1975. Philoliche amboinensis Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient Despite high economic importance of tabanids as pests Region, 2: 43. and disease vectors, taxonomic studies on the family Type location: Amboina, Moluccas Tabanidae are not sufficiently advanced, and the family Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra, is considered one of the least studied in Diptera [32] and Sikkim; Indonesia) neglected as subject of interest [21]. Well reported potential as well as established mechanical vectors of Surra disease and prevalence of several vector tabanid species in India is evident [80]. It was imperative to Philoliche haroldi Chvala, 1969 survey at this juncture and investigate the occurrence 1969. Philoliche haroldi Chvala, Acta Entomol. of any new species as potential vector for surra disease Bohemoslov., 66: 40. and the status of the already reported ones from India Type location: Tambi Kosi, Nepal for designing quarantine plan in future. With this aim, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam; Nepal) we have cross checked and surveyed several literatures and prepared an updated checklist of species of sg. Philoliche Wiedemann, 1820 Tabanidae family from India. The study has future Philoliche korosicsomana (Szilady, 1926)

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1926. Siridorhina korosicsomana Szilady, Biol. Bengal; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan); Palearctic region Hungarica, 1(7): 3. (China) 1975. Philoliche korosicsomana Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient Region, 2: 43. Chrysops dispar (Fabricius, 1798)* = Chrysops Type location: Darjeeling, West Bengal, India bifasciatus Macquart, 1838 = Chrysops Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal) impar Rondani, 1875 = Chrysops ligatus Walker, 1848 = Chrysops manilensis Schiner, 1868 = Chrysops Philoliche longirostris (Hardwicke, 1823)* semicirculus Walker, 1848 = Chrysops 1823. Pangonia longirostris Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. semicurculus Walker, 1848 = Chrysops Soc. London, 14: 135. terminalis Walker, 1848 = Haematopota 1969. Philoliche longirostris Chvala, Acta Entomol. lunatus Griffith and Pidgeon, 1832 Bohemoslov., 66: 40. 1798. Tabanus dispar Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 1: Type location: Nepal 567. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Gujrat, 1821. Chrysops dispar Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., p. HP, Kerala, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West 102. Bengal; Nepal); Palearctic region (China) Type location: “India Orientalis” Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman island, Philoliche macquartiana Chvala, 1969* = Philoliche Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, rufa Macquart, 1850 Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Sikkim, 1969. Philoliche macquartiana Chvala, Acta Entomol. Tripura, West Bengal; Bangladesh; Java; Laos; Bohemoslov., 66: 40. (New name for Pangonia rufa Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Macquart, 1850) Singapore; Sri Lanka; Sumatra; Taiwan; Thailand; Type location: Mahabaleswar and Matheram, Mumbai, Vietnam); Palearctic region (China) India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra) Chrysops dubiens Philip, 1979 1979. Chrysops dubiens Philip, Pacif. Insects, 21: 182. Philoliche taprobanes (Walker, 1854)* Type location: Ponmudi, 3500 ft. Kerala, India 1854. Pangonia taprobanes Walker, List. Dipt. Colln. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala, Tamil British Mus., 1: 324. Nadu; Sri Lanka) 1975. Philoliche taprobanes Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient Region, 2: 44. Chrysops fasciatus Wiedemann, 1821* = Chrysops Type location: Sri Lanka rufitarsis Macquart, 1847 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu; Sri 1821. Chrysops fasciatus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., p. Lanka) 103. Type location: Java (ZMUC) Philoliche varipes (Ricardo, 1911)* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman Island; 1911. Corizoneura longirostris varipes Ricardo, Rec. Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand; Vietnam) Indian Mus., 4: 367. 1975. Philoliche varipes Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient Chrysops fixissimus Walker, 1856* = Chrysops Region, 2: 44. testaceicallosus Meijere, 1911 = Chrysops Type location: Nepal unizonata Rondani, 1875 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal 1856. Chrysops fixissimus Walker, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Sikkim, West Bengal; Nepal) London Zool., 1: 105-136. Type location: Sarawak, Malaysia Subfamily Chrysopsinae (Lutz, 1905) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown; Tribe Chrysopsini (Lutz, 1905) Borneo; Java; Malaysia; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Sumatra) CHRYSOPS Meigen, 1803 [13 Species ] Chrysops flaviventris Macquart, 1846 = Chrysops v- nigrum Meijere, 1911 Chrysops designatus Ricardo, 1911* 1846. Chrysops flaviventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 1911. Chrysops designata Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., Suppl., 1: 172. 4: 383. Type location: India (BMNH) Type location: Sarah, Nepal; Jaulasal, Nainital district, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra; India Cambodia; Indonesia; Malaysia; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Vietnam) Pradesh, Assam, Kashmir, UP, Uttarakhand, West

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Chrysops flavocinctus Ricardo, 1902* Type location: (? Europe) (MNHN) 1902. Chrysops flavocinctus Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Distribution: Ethiopian region (Iran, Iraq, N Africa, S Hist., 7(9): 380. Europe); Oriental region (Afghanistan; India: Jammu Type location: Khasi hills, Assam (BMNH) and Kashmir, Punjab; Pakistan); Palearctic region (C Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Asia) Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand; Borneo; Laos; Malaysia; Taiwan; Thailand); Palearctic MELISSOMORPHA Ricardo, 1906 [1 Species] region (China) Melissomorpha indiana Ricardo, 1906 Chrysops indianus Ricardo, 1902 1906. Melissomorpha indiana Ricardo, Proc. Zool. 1902. Chrysops indianus Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Soc. London, 1: 98. Hist., 7(9): 379. Type location: Rungaroom, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Type location: Khasi hills, Meghalaya; Nilgiri hills, India Tamil Nadu Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu; Thailand) SILVIUS Meigen, 1820 [2 species] sg. Silvius Meigen, 1820 Chrysops pellucidus Fabricius, 1805* 1805. Chrysops pellucidus Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 113 Silvius indianus Ricardo, 1911** Type location: Tranquebar, India (ZMUC) 1911. Silvius indianus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala, Orissa, 374. Pondicherry, Punjab, Tamil Nadu; Borneo) Type location: Bhura, Nainital district, N India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand) Chrysops pettigrewi Ricardo, 1913* 1913. Chrysops pettigrewi Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Silvius ornatus Philip and Mackerras, 1960 Hist., 11: 542. 1960. Silvius ornatus Philip and Mackerras, Philip. J. Type location: Urkul, 6400 ft., Manipur, India Sci., (1959)88: 312. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Manipur, Type location: Nam Tamai Valley, Upper Burma Sikkim); Palearctic region (China) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Pradesh; Myanmar) Chrysops silviaris Philip and Mackerras, 1960 1960. Chrysops silviaris Philip and Mackerras, Philipp. Tribe Rhinomyzini Enderlein, 1922 J. Sci., (1959)88: 318. Type location: Pangwai, 5000 ft. Shan states, Burma GASTROXIDES Saunders, 1842 [2 Species] (BMNH) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown; Gastroxides ater Saunder, 1842* Myanmar) 1842. Gastroxides ater Saunder, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, 3(1): 59. Chrysops stimulans Walker, 1850 Type location: Central India 1850. Chrysops stimulans Walker, Insecta Saudersiana Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar, Tamil Dipt., 1: 73. Nadu, UP, West Bengal; Sri Lanka) Type location: East India (BMNH) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Bihar) Gastroxides ornatus (Bigot, 1859)* 1859. Ditylomyia ornata Bigot, Revue. Mag. Zool., sg. Chrysops Meigen, 1803 2(11): 306. 1904. Gastroxides ornatus Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Chrysops flavipes Meigen, 1804 = Chrysops Hist., 7(14): 372. abdominalis Krober, 1920 = Chrysops Type location: Sri Lanka askhabadensis Szilady, 1919 = Chrysops Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu; Sri beckeri Krober, 1920 = Chrysops Lanka) gedrosiana Abbassian-Lintzen, 1964 = Chrysops maculiventris Becker, 1913 = Chrysops Subfamily Tabaninae (Latreille, 1802) perspicillaris Loew, 1856 = Chrysops punctifer Loew, Tribe Tabanini (Chainey & Oldroyd, 1980) 1856 = Chrysops simillima Austen, 1923 1804. Chrysops flavipes Meigen, Klassif. Beschr. Eurp. ATYLOTUS Osten Sacken, 1876 [4 Species] Zweifl. Ins., p. 159.

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Atylotus agrestis (Wiedemann, 1828) = Tabanus Type location: Diary complex, PAU, Ludhiana, albicans Macquart, 1834 = Tabanus bipunctatus Wulp, Punjab, India 1885 = Tabanus ditoeniatus Macquart, 1838 = Distribution: Oriental region (India: Punjab) Tabanus lacustris Ghidini, 1938 = Tabanus pyrrhus Walker, 1850 Hybomitra himalayana (Enderlein, 1925) 1828. Tabanus agrestis Wiedemann, Aussereur. Zweifl. 1925. Therioplectes himalayana Enderlein, Mitt. Zool. Insekt., 1: 557. Mus. Berl., 11: 361. 1954. Atylotus agrestis Oldryod, Horse flies of the 1975. Hybomitra himalayana Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient Ethiopian region, 2: 114. region, 2: 50. Type location: Egypt (BMNH) Type location: Himalaya, N India Distribution: Ethiopian region (Africa, Egypt, Iraq, Distribution: Oriental region (India: North) Iran, Libya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, Saudi arabia, South Yemen, Spain); Oriental Hybomitra hirta (Walker, 1850)* region (India: Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Kerala, MP, 1850. Tabanus hirtus Walker, Insect Saunders. Dipt., Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, UP, Uttarakhand, 1: 52. West Bengal; Bangladesh; Pakistan; Sri Lanka); 1975. Hybomitra hirta Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient region, Palearctic region (China; Hongkong; Japan) 2: 50. Type location: East India Atylotus cryptotaxis Burton, 1978 Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP, Uttarakhand) 1978. Atylotus cryptotaxis Burton, Tabanini of Thailand, p. 125. Hybomitra kalatopensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Type location: Loei prov. Thailand (CUIC) 1991 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Orissa, 1991. Hybomitra kalatopensis Kapoor, Grewal and UP, Uttarakhand; Thailand) Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids. PAU, Ludhiana, p. 49. Atylotus sudharensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Type location: Kalatop, Chamba District, HP, India 1991 Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP) 1988. Atylotus sudharensis Kapoor et al., Taxonomic studies of Indian tabanids, PAU, Ludhiana, p. 42. Hybomitra khazziarensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Type location: Sudhar, Ludhiana, Punjab (NPCD) 1991 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Punjab) 1991. Hybomitra khazziarensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids. PAU, Atylotus virgo (Wiedemann, 1824)* = Tabanus Ludhiana, p. 51. albulus Walker, 1850 = Tabanus puella Walker, 1850 Type location: Khazziar, HP, India 1824. Tabanus virgo Wiedemann, Analecta. Entomol., Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP) p. 22. 1973. Atylotus virgo Philip, Entomol. Scand. Suppl., 4: Hybomitra lamades Philip, 1961 57. 1961. Hybomitra lamades Philip, Indian J. Entomol., Type location: “Indies Orientalis” 21: 86. Distribution: Oriental region; India (Andaman island, Type location: Makalu, E Nepal HP, MP, Punjab, Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Pakistan; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim; Myanmar; Sri Lanka) Nepal); Palearctic region (China)

HYBOMITRA Enderlein, 1922 [11 Species and 1 Hybomitra peculiaris (Szilady, 1914) = Hybomitra Subspecies] kashmirianus Szilady, 1926 = Tabanus Hybomitra bouvieri Philip, 1979 inaequatus Austen, 1923 = Tabanus kroeberi Szilady, 1979. Hybomitra bouvieri Philip, Pacif. Insects, 21(2- 1926 3): 197. 1914. Hybomitra peculiaris Szilady, Z. Ann. Mus. Nat. Type location: Burma Hungarici, 12: 661-673. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim; Myanmar; Type location: Uzbekistan. Djarkent and Russia. Nepal) Distribution: Ethiopian region (Greece; Iran; Iraq; Palestine; Romania); Oriental region (India: Kashmir; Hybomitra burgeri Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991 Afghanistan); Palearctic region (China; Middle Asia; 1991. Hybomitra burgeri Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Mongolia; Russia) Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids. PAU, Ludhiana, p. 47. Hybomitra subcallosa (Ricardo, 1911)*

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Tabanus (Therioplectes) subcallosa Ricardo, 1911. Type location: Drang Dzong, Kameng, Arunachal Rec. Indian Mus.4: 227. Pradesh, India 1969. Hybomitra subcallosa Chvala, Acta. Entomol. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Bohemoslov., 66: 49. Pradesh) Type location: Mussooorie, Uttarakhand, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand, UP, Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, 1758* = Straba Punjab, HP; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan); Palearctic simplex Muschamp, 1939 = Tabanus region (China, Japan) anthophilus Loew, 1858 = Tabanus bronicus Gimmerthal, 1847 = Tabanus Hybomitra tatarica (Portschinsky, 1887) = Hybomitra connexus Walker, 1856 = Tabanus nana Olsufjev, 1977 = Tabanus aurantiacus Szilady, flavofemoratus Strobl, 1909 = Tabanus 1923 = Tabanus bicolor Szilady, 1923 glaucescens Schiner, 1862 = Tabanus glaucus Meigen, 1887. Tabanus tataricus Portschinsky, Horse Soc. 1820 = Tabanus nigricans Szilady, 1914 = Tabanus Entomol. Ross., 21: 178. scalaris Meigen, 1820 1966. Hybomitra tatarica Leclercq, Inst. R. Sci. Nat. 1761. Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, Fauna Suecica, p. Belg. Mem. Fasc., 80: 121. 463. Type location: Kashmir, India Type location: Europe Distribution: Nearctic region (Siberia); Oriental region Distribution: Ethiopian region (Europe, Iran, Iraq); (India: Jammu and Kashmir; Turkistan); Palearctic Oriental region India (HP); Palearctic region (C Asia) region (China) Tabanus ceylonicus Schiner, 1868* = Tabanus Hybomitrata tatarica ssp. tridentata Philip, 1979 kershawi Ricardo, 1917 = Tabanus nitidulus Bigot, 1979. Hybomitra tatarica tridentata Philip, Pacif. 1892 insects, 20(2-3): 200. 1868. Tabanus ceylonicus Schiner, Reise der oster. Type location: Myanmar Freg. Novara. Zool. 2(1): 388. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Jammu and Type location: Sri Lanka (TANMW) Kashmir; Myanmar) Distribution: Australian oceanian region (Australia, PNG: Bismarck Arch); Oriental region (India: Hybomitra wyvillei (Ricardo, 1911) Unknown; Indonesia) 1911. Tabanus (Therioplectes) Wyvillei Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: 229. Tabanus dominus Datta and Das, 1978** 1975. Hybomitra wyvillei Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient 1978. Tabanus dominus Datta and Das, Bull. Zool. Region, 2: 50. Surv. India, 1(2): 182. Type location: Narkanda, HP, India Type location: Drang Dzong, Kameng, Arunachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP, Uttarakhand; Pradesh, India Nepal); Palearctic region (China) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Pradesh) TABANUS Linnaeus, 1758 [ 121 species ] Tabanus dorsiger Wiedemann, 1821* = Tabanus Tabanus andamanensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, ochrophilus Lutz, 1914 = Tabanus secundus Walker, 1991 1848 = Tabanus triceps Thunberg, 1827 1991. Tabanus andamanensis Kapoor, Grewal and 1821. Tabanus dorsiger Wiedemann, Diptera Exotica, Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Kiliae, pp. 43-50, 101. Ludhiana, p. 72. Type location: Brazil Type location: Mathura, S Andaman, India Distribution: Neotropical region (Mexico to Argentina; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman island) Trinidad); Oriental region (India: Orissa, West Bengal)

Tabanus anderssoni Philip, 1972 Tabanus hedlundi Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991 1972. Tabanus anderssoni Philip, Entomol. Scand., 3: 1991. Tabanus hedlundi Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 159. Taxonomy of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Ludhiana, p. 69. Type location: Anaimalai hills, Kerala, India Type location: Mukteswar, Kumaon, UP, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala) Distribution: Oriental region (India: UP, Uttarakhand)

Tabanus biswasi Datta, 1980** Tabanus hisarensis Veer, Parashar and Rao, 1999 1980. Tabanus biswasi Datta, Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 1999. Tabanus hisarensis Veer, Parasharand Rao, 3(162): 123. Orient. insects, 33: 251.

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Type location: Hisar, Haryana, India 1805. Tabanus rufiventris Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 96. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Haryana, MP, Type location: India Orientali Rajasthan) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Meghalaya; Indonesia) Tabanus kamengensis Datta and Das, 1978* 1978. Tabanus kamengensis Datta and Das, Bull. Zool. Tabanus subbasalis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991 Surv. India, 1(2): 184. 1991. Tabanus subbasalis Kapoor, Grewal and Type location: Drang Dzong, Arunachal Pradesh, India Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Ludhiana, p. 119. Pradesh) Type location: S Andaman, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman island) Tabanus kumaonensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991 Tabanus subcrassus Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991. Tabanus kumaonensis Kapoor, Grewal and 1991 Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, 1991. Tabanus subcrassus Kapoor, Grewal and Ludhiana, p. 94. Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Type location: Mukteswar, Kumaon, India Ludhiana, p. 121. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand) Type location: Hutway, Andaman, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman island) Tabanus kumrakomensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991 sg. Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758 1991. Tabanus kumrakomensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Tabanus abscondens Walker, 1860 Ludhiana, p. 95. 1860. Tabanus (Tabanus) abscondens Walker, Trans. Type location: Kumrakom, Kerala, India Ent. Soc. Lond., 5: 268-296 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala) Type location: Myanmar Distribution: Oriental region (India: Chattisgarh; Tabanus lentis Stone, 1972 Myanmar) 1972. Tabanus lentis Stone, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 65: 637-641. Tabanus abbreviatus (Bigot, 1892)* Type location: Siam, Thailand 1892. Atylotus abbreviatus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam; Thailand) 5: 670 1911. Tabanus abbreviates Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., Tabanus meghalayensis Datta and Biswas, 1977** 4: 153. 1977. Tabanus meghalayensis Datta and Biswas, Proc. Type location: Java Indian Acad. Sci. Anim. Sci., 86(2): 128. Distribution: Oriental region (India: WB; Bangladesh; Type location: Garo hills, Meghalaya, India Cambodia; Java; Malaysia; Myanmar; Pakistan; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya) Taiwan)

Tabanus miniatus Datta and Biswas, 1977** Tabanus acallus Szilady, 1926 1977. Tabanus miniatus Datta and Biswas, Proc. 1926. Tabanus acallus Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, 1(7): Indian Acad. Sci. Anim. Sci., (B) 86: 130. 14. Type location: Garo hills, Meghalaya, India Type location: India (Sikkim) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim, WB) Pradesh, Meghalaya) Tabanus albocostatus (Bigot, 1892) Tabanus nigrifascies (Bigot, 1892) 1892. Atylotus albocostatus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. 1892. Tabanus nigrifascies Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., Fr., 5: 649. 5: 602-691. 1896. Tabanus albocostatus Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. Type location: India S. Asia, p. 63. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) Type location: India (BMNH) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand) Tabanus rufiventris Fabricius, 1805 = Atylotus assamensis Bigot, 1892 = Tabanus crassus Walker, Tabanus albofasciatus Ricardo, 1911* 1850 = Tabanus leucosparsus Bigot, 1890 = Tabanus 1911. Tabanus albofasciatus Ricardo, Rec. Indian sanguineus Walker, 1850 Mus., 4: 146.

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Type location: India (Shillong, Assam) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, Tabanus auristriatus Ricardo, 1911* Sikkim) 1911. Tabanus auristriatus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: 161. Tabanus altermaculatus Ricardo, 1913 Type location: Kondo, Mysore, India 1913. Tabanus fuscomaculatus altermaculatus Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Kerala, Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8)11: 544. Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand; Myanmar) 1975. Tabanus altermaculatus Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient region, 2: 52 (new status). Tabanus avittatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Type location: Ukhrul, Manipur, India 1926. Tabanus avittatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Manipur; Treubia Suppl., 6: 153. Myanmar) Type location: Belgaum, Mumbai Presidency, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Tabanus andamanicus (Bigot, 1892) Mumbai) 1892. Atylotus andamanicus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., 5: 668. Tabanus biannularis Philip, 1960* = Tabanus 1896. Tabanus andamanicus 1892. Van der Wulp, Cat. bicinctus Ricardo, 1911 Dipt. S. Asia, p. 63. 1960. Tabanus biannularis Philip, Stud. Inst. Med. Res. Type location: Andaman island, India Malaya, 29: 12. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman island) Type location: Kadras jungle, N Kanara, SW India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tabanus atrohirtus Ricardo, 1911 Uttarakhand; Formosa; Malaysia; Vietnam) 1911. Tabanus atrohirtus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: 209. Tabanus birmanicus (Bigot, 1892)* Type location: Sri Lanka 1892. Atylotus birmanicus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown; Sri 5: 653. Lanka; Sumatra) 1896. Tabanus birmanicus Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. S. Asia, p. 63. Tabanus attenuatus Walker, 1848 = Atylotus Type location: Myanmar aurisquamatus Bigot, 1892 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, 1848. Tabanus attenuatus Walker, List. Dipt. British Mizoram, Sikkim; Formosa; Malaysia; Myanmar; Mus., 1: 159. Thailand; Vietnam); Palearctic region (China) Type location: Assam, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam) Tabanus bombayensis Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 1926. Tabanus bombayensis Schuurmans Stekhoven, Tabanus auriflamma Walker, 1848* Treubia Suppl., 6: 320. 1848. Tabanus auriflamma Walker, List. Dipt. British Type location: Basi, N Kanara, SW India Mus., 1: 155. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Andaman island, Type location: Sylhet, Bangladesh Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Punjab, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal UP, Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Cambodia; Java; Laos; Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland; Bangladesh) Myanmar; Sumatra; Thailand; Vietnam)

Tabanus aurilineatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Tabanus brunnipennis Ricardo, 1911* 1926. Tabanus aurilineatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1911. Tabanus brunnipennis Ricardo, Rec. Indian Treubia Suppl., 6: 231, 234. Mus., 4: 160. Type location: Sumatra Type location: Mahabaleswar, Maharashtra, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Nagaland; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Malaysia, Sumatra, Thailand) Maharashtra)

Tabanus aurisegmentatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, Tabanus caerulescens Macquart, 1838 1932 1838. Tabanus caerulescens Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 1: 1932. Tabanus aurisegmentatus Schuurmans 132. Stekhoven, Arch. Naturgesch., (N.S.), 1: 90. Type location: Java Type location: Gersoppa, N Kanara, SW India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu; Java) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka)

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Tabanus conicus (Bigot, 1892) 1854. Tabanus explicatus Walker, List. Dipt. British 1892. Atylotus conicus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., 5: Mus. Suppl., 1: 328. 650. Type location: Mashorba, Sikkim, India 1896. Tabanus conicus Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. S. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Asia, p. 63. Meghalaya, Sikkim) Type location: India Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal; Tabanus flavimedius Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Cambodia; Java; Malaysia); Palearctic region (Taiwan) 1926. Tabanus flavimedius Schuurmans Stekhoven, Treubia Suppl., 6: 215. Tabanus consanguineus Macquart, 1838 Type location: Rhudpur camp, Punjab, India 1838. Tabanus consanguineus Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Distribution: Oriental region (India: Punjab; Nepal) 1: 127 (131). Type location: Malabar coast, India Tabanus flavipus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala) 1926. Tabanus flavipus Schuurmans Stekhoven, Treubia Suppl., 6: 455. Tabanus decorates Szilady, 1926 Type location: India 1926. Tabanus decorates Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, 1: Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) 116. Type location: Ostindien Tabanus flaviscutellus Philip, 1962 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Central) 1962. Tabanus flaviscutellus Philip, Pacif. Entomol., 4: 300. Tabanus demellonis Senior-White, 1924 Type location: Sumatra 1924. Tabanus demellonis Senior-White, Spolia Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim; Sumatra; Zeylonica, 12: 391. Vietnam) Type location: Combarjua Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) Tabanus frondosus Szilady, 1926 = Tabanus latifrons Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 = Tabanus Tabanus destructus Szilady, 1926 paralatifrons Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1928 1926. Tabanus destructus Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, 1: 1926. Tabanus frondosus Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, 17. 1(7): 10. Type location: S Asia Type location: Nilgiri, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu)

Tabanus discrepans Ricardo, 1911 Tabanus fuscomaculatus Ricardo, 1911** 1911. Tabanus discrepans Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 1911. Tabanus fuscomaculatus Ricardo, Rec. Indian. 4: 185. Mus., 4: 183. Type location: Sri Lanka Type location: Myanmar Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala; Sri Lanka) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim; Myanmar; Pakistan); Palearctic Tabanus diversifrons Ricardo, 1911 = Atylotus region (China) flaviventris Bigot, 1892 = Tabanus ochrogaster Philip, 1960 Tabanus gertrudae Philip, 1960 = Tabanus 1911. Tabanus diversifrons Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., flavicinctus Ricardo, 1911 4: 214. 1960. Tabanus gertrudae Philip, Stud. Inst. Med. Res. Type location: Shillong, Meghalaya, India Malaya, 29: 16. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, Tamil Type location: Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Bangladesh; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, Tamil Myanmar; N Vietnam) Nadu, Uttarakhand)

Tabanus excelsus Ricardo, 1913** Tabanus griseifacies Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 1913. Tabanus excelsus Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1926. Tabanus griseifacies Schuurmans Stekhoven, 11: 543. Treubia Suppl., 6: 455. Type location: Mashorba, Simla hills, HP, India Type location: Sibsagar, Assam, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP, Uttarakhand) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Bihar, West Bengal; Myanmar; Sri Lanka) Tabanus explicatus Walker, 1854*

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Tabanus hybridus Wiedemann, 1828* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal 1828. Tabanus hybridus Wiedemann, Aussereur. Pradesh, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Uttarakhand; Pakistan; Zweifl. Insekt, 1: 557. Sri Lanka) Type location: Macao Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown; Tabanus khasiensis Ricardo, 1909 Bangladesh; Borneo; Hainan island; Malaysia; 1909. Tabanus khasiensis Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Myanmar; Sumatra; Thailand); Palearctic region Hist., 3(8): 487. (China) Type location: Khasi hills, Assam, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, UP; Tabanus imparicallosus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Malaysia; Sumatra) 1926. Tabanus imparicallosus Schuurmans Stekhoven, Treubia. Suppl., 6: 325. Tabanus laetetinctus Becker, 1913 = Tabanus Type location: Mahabaleswar, Maharashtra, India assuetus Hauser, 1960 = Tabanus cinereus Hauser, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra, 1960 = Tabanus sordes Bogatchev and Samedov, 1949 Sikkim) 1913. Tabanus laetetinctus Becker, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. St. Petersb, p. 589. Tabanus indianus Ricardo, 1911 Type location: Beluchistan (Iran) 1911. Tabanus indianus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: Distribution: Ethiopian region (Iran; Iraq; Israel; 175. Kirghizia; Tadzhikistan; Turkey; Turkmenia; Type location: Mahabaleswar, Maharashtra, India Uzbekistan); Oriental region; (India: Jammu and Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra, Kashmir, UP; Afganistan; Pakistan) Sikkim) Tabanus lateralbus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1932 Tabanus indifferens Szilady, 1926 1932. Tabanus lateralbus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926. Tabanus indifferens Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, Arch. Naturgesch., 1: 91. 1(7): 12. Type location: Assam, India Type location: Chennai, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Tabanus laticinctus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Tabanus indiscriminatus Ricardo, 1915 1926. Tabanus laticinctus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1915. Tabanus indiscriminatus Ricardo, Arch. Treubia. Suppl., 6: 305. Naturgesch., (A), 80(8): 123. Type location: Punjab, India Type location: Sri Lanka Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown; Sri Lanka) Tabanus leleani Austen, 1920 = Tabanus pallidus Olsufjev, 1937 = Tabanus Tabanus internus Walker, 1848 turkestanicus Olsufjev, 1970 1848. Tabanus internus Walker, List. Dipt. Colln. 1920. Tabanus leleani Austen, Bull. Entomol. Res., 10: British Mus., 1: 164. 312. Type location: Sylhet, Bangladesh Type location: Jordan valley, Palestine Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya; Distribution: Ethiopian region (Algeria; Iran; Iraq; N Bangladesh) Africa; S Europe); Oriental region (India: Jammu and Kashmir, HP; Pakistan); Palearctic region (China) Tabanus joidus (Bigot, 1892)* 1892. Atylotus joidus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., 5: Tabanus leucocnematus (Bigot, 1892)* 657. 1892. Atylotus leucocnematus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. 1896. Tabanus joidus Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. S. Fr., 7: 656. Asia, p. 63. 1896. Tabanus leucocnematus Van der Wulp, Cat. Type location: India Dipt. S. Asia, p. 63. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam) Type location: Indes. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Tabanus jucundus Walker, 1848* Meghalaya, West Bengal; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand); 1848. Tabanus jucundus Walker, List. Dipt. British Palearctic region (China) Mus., 1: 187. Type location: Hongkong, China Tabanus leucohirtus Ricardo, 1909

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1909. Tabanus leucohirtus Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Hist., (8)3: 488. Pradesh) Type location: Kanara, Karnataka, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka) Tabanus (Tabanus) nemocallosus Ricardo, 1909 1909. Tabanus nemocallosus Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Tabanus leucopogon (Bigot, 1892) Hist., (8)3: 490. 1892. Atylotus leucopogon Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., Type location: Pusa, Bihar, India. 5: 651. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar, 1896. Tabanus leucopogon Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. S. Uttarakhand; Nepal; Pakistan) Asia, p. 63. Type location: Sikkim, India. Tabanus nephodes (Bigot, 1892)* = Tabanus Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim) salvazai Surcouf, 1922 1892. Atylotus nephodes Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., 5: Tabanus limitatus Stone, 1975 656. 1975. Tabanus limitatus Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient 1896. Tabanus nephodes Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. S. region, 2: 62. Asia, p. 63. Type location: probably India. Type location: Naga hills, Nagaland, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland) Tabanus macer (Bigot, 1892) = Tabanus bicallosus Ricardo, 1909 = Tabanus Tabanus nicobarensis Schiner, 1868 trichinopolis Ricardo, 1914 1868. Tabanus nicobarensis Schiner, In Reise Novara 1892. Tabanus macer Bigot, Tabanidi. Mem. Soc. Dipt., 2: 81. Zool. Fr., 5: 602-691. Type location: Nankauri and Sembelong, Nicobar Type location: India. island, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar, Tamil Distribution: Oriental region (India: Nicobar island) Nadu, West Bengal) Tabanus noctuinus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Tabanus manipurensis Ricardo, 1913** 1926. Tabanus noctuinus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1913. Tabanus manipurensis Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Treubia Suppl., 6: 467. Hist., (8)11: 544. Type location: Near Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India. Type location: Urkul, Manipur, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Manipur); Palearctic region (China) Tabanus nonoptatus Ricardo, 1911 1911. Tabanus nonoptatus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., Tabanus melanognathus (Bigot, 1890)* 4: 140. 1890. Tabanus melanognathus Bigot, Dipteres. Nouv. Type location: N Bengal, India. Archs Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, (3) 2: 203-208. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar) Type location: Laos. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Tabanus obconicus Walker, 1850* Pradesh; Laos; Thailand) 1850. Tabanus obconicus Walker, Insecta Saunders., Tabanus monotaeniatus (Bigot, 1892)* Dipt., 1: 54. 1892. Atylotus monotaeniatus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Type location: Central India. Fr., 5: 655. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra; 1896. Tabanus monotaeniatus Van der Wulp, Cat. Bangladesh) Dipt. S. Asia, p. 63. Type location: Indes. Tabanus ochroceras Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1932 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal 1932. Tabanus ochroceras Schuurmans Stekhoven, Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal; Arch. Naturgesch., (N.S.) 1: 87. Java; Myanmar); Palearctic region (China) Type location: Kodaikanal, S India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Tabanus namdaphaicus Datta and Chakraborti, 1985* 1985. Tabanus namdaphaicus Datta and Chakraborti, Tabanus oknos Surcouf, 1922 Zool. Surv. India, 82 (1-4): 233. 1922. Tabanus oknos Surcouf, Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr., Type location: Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh, India. 1921(19): 287. Type location: Tonkin.

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Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal 1932. Tabanus parahybridus Schuurmans Stekhoven, Pradesh; Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam) Arch. Naturgesch., (N.S.) 1: 66. Type location: Chennai, India. Tabanus optatus Walker, 1856 = Tabanus Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) alboscutatus Rondani, 1875 = Tabanus equestris Wulp, 1885 Tabanus praematurus Austen, 1922 1856. Tabanus optatus Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1922. Tabanus praematurus Austen, Bull. Entomol. London, 1: 111. Res., 12(4): 440. Type location: Borneo. Type location: Chiengmai, Thailand. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar, Orissa; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Bangladesh; Borneo; Java; Malaysia; New Guinea; Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim; Thailand) Sumatra) Tabanus priscoides Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 Tabanus Orientalis Wiedemann, 1824* 1926. Tabanus priscoides Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1824. Tabanus Orientalis Wiedemann, Analecta. Treubia Suppl., 6: 552. Entomol., p. 21. Type location: India. Type location: Indian orient. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown; Java) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) Tabanus provincialis Ricardo, 1913** Tabanus orientis Walker, 1848* = Atylotus 1913. Tabanus provincialis Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. melanopygatus Bigot, 1892 = Atylotus Hist., 11: 545. pagodinus Bigot, 1892 = Tabanus consocius Walker, Type location: Travancore and Kurseong, India. 1850 = Tabanus fulvimedius Walker, 1848 = Tabanus Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala, West perlinea Walker, 1850 Bengal) 1848. Tabanus orientis Walker, List. Dipt. British. Mus., 1: 152. Tabanus pullomaculatus Philip, 1970* Type location: Nepal. 1970. Tabanus pullomaculatus Philip, H.D. Srivastava Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, HP, commemorative vol., p. 449. Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Type location: Mangeng, Sikkim, India. Bengal; Bhutan; Nepal; Pakistan); Palearctic region Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal (China) Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim); Palearctic region (China) Tabanus oxyceratus (Bigot, 1892)* 1892. Atylotus oxyceratus Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., Tabanus rectilineatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 5: 652. 1926. Tabanus rectilineatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1896. Tabanus oxyceratus Van der Wulp, Cat. Dipt. S. Treubia. Suppl., 6: 246. Asia, p. 63. Type location: Malabar, India. Type location: India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand; Myanmar; Nepal) Tabanus rhinargus Philip, 1962 1962. Tabanus rhinargus Philip, Pacif. Insects, 4(2): Tabanus pallidiventer Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 299. 1926. Tabanus pallidiventer Schuurmans Stekhoven, Type location: Vietnam. Treubia Suppl., 6: 359. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Manipur; Type location: Bengal, India. Thailand; Vietnam) Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal; Bangladesh) Tabanus rubicundus Macquart, 1846* = Atylotus monilifer Bigot, 1892 = Tabanus intermus Walker, Tabanus parafuscomaculatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1848 1932 1846. Tabanus rubicundus Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1932. Tabanus parafuscomaculatus Schuurmans Suppl., 1: 33 (160). Stekhoven, Arch. Naturgesch., (N.S.) 1: 80. Type location: East India. Type location: Sikkim, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim) Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal; Bangladesh; Laos; Myanmar) Tabanus parahybridus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1932

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Tabanus rubidoides Szilady, 1926 1985. Tabanus shyamarupi Datta and Chakraborti, 1926. Tabanus rubidoides Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 82(1-4): 235. 1(7): 15. Type location: Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Type location: Mumbai, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra) Pradesh)

Tabanus rubidus Wiedemann, 1821* = Atylotus Tabanus siamensis Ricardo, 1911 lacrymans Bigot, 1892 = Tabanus albimedius Walker, 1911. Tabanus siamensis Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 1850 = Tabanus lagenaferus Macquart, 1838 = 4(6): 212. Tabanus priscus Walker, 1848 = Tabanus Type location: Siam umbrosus Walker, 1850 = Tabanus vagus Walker, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra; 1850 Cambodia; Laos; Thailand) 1821. Tabanus rubidus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., 1: 69. Type location: Bengalia. Tabanus speciosus Ricardo, 1911* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal 1911. Tabanus speciosus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Sikkim, West Bengal; 157. Indonesia; Pakistan; Philippines); Palearctic region Type location: India (China) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand; Sri Lanka) Tabanus rubiginosus Walker, 1850 1850. Tabanus rubiginosus Walker, Insecta Saunders., Tabanus striatus Fabricius, 1787* = Tabanus Dipt., 1: 51. chinensis Thunberg, 1827 = Tabanus Type location: East India. dorsilinea Wiedemann, 1824 = Tabanus Distribution: Oriental region (India: North East) hilaris Walker, 1850 1787. Tabanus striatus Fabricius, Mantissa Tabanus sagittipalpis Szilady, 1926 Insectorum, 2: 356. 1926. Tabanus sagittipalpis Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, Type location: China 1(7): 11. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Type location: East India. Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujrat, Himachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: North East) Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tabanus scutellus Philip, 1970 Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, 1970. Tabanus scutellus Philip, HD Srivastava Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal; Bhutan; Commeorium Vol. IVRI, p. 447. Cambodia; Laos; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Type location: Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Vietnam); Palearctic region (China) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim) Tabanus subcinerascens Ricardo, 1911 1911. Tabanus subcinerascens Ricardo, Rec. Indian Tabanus servillei Macquart, 1838 = Phyrta Mus., 4: 215. nigriventris Enderlein, 1925 = Tabanus Type location: Myanmar pyrausta Walker, 1850 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu; 1838. Tabanus servillei Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 1(1): Bangladesh; Java; Myanmar) 128 (132). Tabanus subflavicornis Philip, 1970 Type location: Indes Orientales. 1926. Tabanus flavicornis Schuurmans Stekhoven, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam; Java) Treubia Suppl., 6: 552. 1970. Tabanus flavicornis subflavicornis Philip, Tabanus sexcinctus Ricardo, 1911 Further notes on Oriental Tabanidae, Diptera IV., pp. 1911. Tabanus sexcinctus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 443-452. In H. D. Srivastava Commemoration Vol. 4: 133. IVRI., Izatnagar, p. 653. Type location: Lushai hills, Assam, India. Type location: Tong, Sikkim, India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim; Indonesia; Uttarkhand; Myanmar; Thailand); Palearctic region Sumatra) (China) Tabanus subhirtus Ricardo, 1911 = Atylotus Tabanus shyamarupi Datta and Chakraborti, 1985* cinerascens Bigot, 1892

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1911. Tabanus subhirtus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., 4: Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tripura) 219. Type location: Java Tabanus tuberculatus Ricardo, 1911* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra; 1911. Tabanus tuberculatus Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus., Bangladesh; Java) 4: 220. Type location: Assam, India Tabanus Sufis Jaennicke, 1867 = Tabanus Distribution: Oriental region (India: Bihar, Karnataka; alboventralis Newstead, Dutton and Todd, 1907 = Bangladesh) Tabanus lacteipennis Becker, 1913 1867. Tabanus sufis Jaennicke, Abh. Senckenb. Tabanus wallacei Szilady, 1926 Naturforsch. Ges., 6: 332. 1926. Tabanus wallacei Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, Type location: Africa 1(7): 15. Distribution: Ethiopian region (Abyssinia; Chad; Type location: East India Egypt; Gambia; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Nigeria; Saudi Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam) Arabia; Sudan); Oriental region (India: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, UP; Pakistan) Tabanus xanthoimus Philip, 1960 1960. Tabanus xanthoimus Philip, Stud. Med. Res. Tabanus tenebrosus Walker, 1854 Malaya, 29: 27. 1854. Tabanus tenebrosus Walker, List. Colln. Dipt. Type location: Ledo, Assam, India Mus., 1: 242. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam) Type location: Kanara, Malabar coast, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka) Tribe Haematopotini (Chainey & Oldroyd, 1980)

Tabanus tenens Walker, 1850* = Tabanus HAEMATOPOTA Meigen, 1803 [71 Species] manilensis Schiner, 1868 = Tabanus megalops Walker, 1854 = Tabanus partitus Walker, 1857 = Tabanus Haematopota adusta Stone and Philip, 1974 rufocallosus Bigot, 1892 = Tabanus 1974. Haematopota adusta Stone and Philip, U.S. Dep. strophiatus Surcouf, 1923 Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 35. 1850. Tabanus tenens Walker, Insecta Saunders., Type location: Taliparamba, North Malabar, India Dipt., 1: 49. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Kerala) Type location: East India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra, Haematopota albimedia Stone and Philip, 1974 Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu; Bali; Java; Myanmar; Sri 1974. Haematopota albimedia Stone and Philip, U.S. Lanka) Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 39. Type location: Bhagavati, Mysore, Karnataka, India Tabanus tenuifrons Datta and Chakraborti, 1985* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka) 1985. Tabanus tenuifrons Datta and Chakraborti, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 82(1-4): 237. Haematopota albofasciatipennis Brunetti, 1912 Type location: Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh, India 1912. Haematopota albofasciatipennis Brunetti, Rec. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Indian Mus., 7: 458. Pradesh; Celebs; Indonesia; Java; Malaysia; Sumatra) Type location: Bhowali, Kumaon district, Uttarakhand, W Himalaya, India Tabanus trinominatus Senior-White, 1927 = Atylotus Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand, West angustus Bigot, 1883 = Tabanus angustus Bigot, 1892 Bengal; Nepal) = Tabanus palpalis Ricardo, 1911 1927. Tabanus trinominata Senior-White, Cat. Indian Haematopota alticola (Philip, 1961) Ins., 12: 54. 1961. Chrysozona alticola Philip, Indian J. Entomol., 1985. Tabanus trinominatus Datta, Bull. Zool. Surv. 21: 85. India, 7(1): 130. 1974. Haematopota alticola Stone and Philip, U.S. Type location: India Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 42. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand) Type location: Mahthantir Gah, Jammu and Kashmir, India Tabanus tripurensis Datta, 1986* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Jammu and 1986. Tabanus tripurensis Datta, Pousc. Zool. Flumin., Kashmir; Myanmar) 7: 2. Type location: Tripura, India Haematopota alyta Stone and Philip, 1974

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1974. Haematopota alyta Stone and Philip, U.S. Dep. 1911. Haematopota bilineata Ricardo, Rec. Indian Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 43. Mus., 4: 350. Type location: Cinchona, Coimbatore, Anaimalai hills, Type location: Igatpuri, Mumbai, India India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Goa, Maharashtra) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Haematopota biroi Szilady, 1926 Haematopota amala Stone and Philip, 1974 1926. Haematopota biroi Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, 1974. Haematopota amala Stone and Philip, U.S. Dep. 1(7): 5. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 44. Type location: Mumbai, India Type location: Pherjo, Manipur, Assam, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra, MP) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Manipur) Haematopota brevis Ricardo, 1906* = Haematopota Haematopota annandalei Ricardo, 1911* ricardonis Senior-White, 1925 1911. Haematopota annandalei Ricardo, Rec. Indian 1906. Haematopota brevis Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Mus., 4: 335. Hist., 7(18): 122. Type location: Government gardens, Shillong, Assam, Type location: Kantha, Sri Lanka India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Punjab, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka) Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal; Myanmar); Palearctic region (China) Haematopota cana Walker, 1848 = Haematopota montium Szilady, 1926 = Haematopota Haematopota assamensis Ricardo, 1911* niontium Szilady, 1926 1911. Haematopota assamensis Ricardo, Rec. Indian 1848. Haematopota cana Walker, List. Dipt. Colln. Mus., 4: 343. British Mus., 1: 207. Type location: Nongpoh, khasi hills, Assam, India Type location: N Bengal, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal; Nepal; Thailand; Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal) Vietnam); Palearctic region (China) Haematopota casca Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota barri Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota casca Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. 1974. Haematopota barri Stone and Philip, U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 70. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 56. Type location: Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India Type location: Hasimara, W. Bengal, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal) Pradesh)

Haematopota bicolor Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota chvalai Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota bicolor Stone and Philip, U.S. 1974. Haematopota chvalai Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 57. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 73. Type location: Pherjol, Manipur, Assam, India Type location: N Coorg, Karnataka, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Manipur; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Tamil Nepal) Nadu)

Haematopota biguttata Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota biguttata Stone and Philip, U.S. Haematopota cilipes Bigot, 1890 Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 58. 1890. Haematopota cilipes Bigot, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Type location: Sothupari, Tamil Nadu, India Hist. Nat. Paris, (3)2: 205. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Type location: Laos Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam; Cambodia; Haematopota biharensis Stone and Philip, 1974 Laos; Myanmar; Thailand); Palearctic region (China) 1974. Haematopota biharensis Stone and Philip, U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 58. Haematopota cingalensis Ricardo, 1906* Type location: Pusa near Patna, Bihar, India 1906. Haematopota cingalensis Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Bihar) Nat. Hist., (7) 18: 119. Type location: 19th milestone, Kandy road, Sri Lanka Haematopota bilineata Ricardo, 1911 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Haryana; Sri Lanka)

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Haematopota fasciata Ricardo, 1911 Haematopota contracta Stone and Philip, 1974 1911. Haematopota fasciata Ricardo, Rec. Indian 1974. Haematopota contracta Stone and Philip, U. S. Mus., 4: 358. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 79. Type location: Shillong, Assam, India Type location: Cinchona, Coimbatore, Anaimalai hills, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Jammu and India Kashmir, Meghalaya, West Bengal; Myanmar; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Thailand)

Haematopota cordigera Bigot, 1891 Haematopota flavicornis Szilady, 1926 1891. Haematopota cordigera Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. 1926. Haematopota flavicornis Szilady, Ann. Mus. Nat. Fr., 16:76. Hung., 24: 586-611. Type location: Bengal, India Type location: India Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) Thailand; Vietnam) Haematopota flavipuncta Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota crossi Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota flavipuncta Stone and Philip, U. S. 1974. Haematopota crossi Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 94. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 84. Type location: Cherangode, Nilgiri hills, S India Type location: Sohawa, Jhelum district, Punjab, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Pakistan Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand; Haematopota hardyi Stone and Philip, 1974 Nepal; Pakistan) 1974. Haematopota hardyi Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 106. Haematopota darjeelingensis Datta, 1981** Type location: Tinsukia, Assam, India 1981. Haematopota darjeelingensis Datta, Bull. Zool. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Manipur, Surv. India, 4(1): 57. West Bengal) Type location: Tiger hills, Darjeeling, WB, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: West Bengal) Haematopota hindostani Ricardo, 1917 1917. Haematopota hindostani Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Haematopota demellonis Senior-White, 1922 Nat. Hist., (8)19: 226. 1922. Haematopota demellonis Senior-White, Mem. Type location: Bababuddin hills, Mysore, Karnataka, Dip. Agric. India, 7: 146. India Type location: Nova Goa, Portuguese India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Tamil Distribution: Oriental region (India: Goa; Thailand) Nadu)

Haematopota dissimilis Ricardo, 1911 Haematopota immaculata Ricardo, 1911 1911. Haematopota dissimilis Ricardo, Rec. Indian 1911. Haematopota immaculata Ricardo, Rec. Indian Mus. 4: 331. Mus., 4: 359. Type location: Baste, N Kanara, India Type location: Kanara, Mumbai, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Uttarakhand) Maharashtra)

Haematopota echma Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota echma Stone and Philip, U. S. Haematopota inconspicua Ricardo, 1911 Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 88. 1911. Haematopota inconspicua Ricardo, Rec. Indian Type location: Ootacamund, Nilgiris, India Mus., 4: 358. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Tamil Type location: Igatpuri, Mumbai, India Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Maharashtra) Haematopota equina Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota equina Stone and Philip, U. S. Haematopota indiana Bigot, 1891 Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 91. 1891. Haematopota indiana Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., Type location: Cherrapanji, Assam, India 16: 78. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya, West Type location: Margherita, Assam, India Bengal) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya)

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Haematopota javana Wiedemann, 1821* = Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Haematopota asiatica Rondani, 1875 Meghalaya, West Bengal; Bangladesh) 1821. Haematopota javana Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., 2: 100. Haematopota litoralis Ricardo, 1913* = Haematopota Type location: Java rhizophorae Senior-White, 1921 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Bihar, HP, 1913. Haematopota litoralis Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Meghalaya, Mizoram, MP, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Hist., (8) 11: 546. Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Bangladesh; Java; Laos; Type location: Puri, Orissa, India Malaysia; Myanmar; Pakistan; Sumatra; Thailand; Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala, Orissa; Sri Vietnam); Palearctic region (China) Lanka)

Haematopota jellisoni (Philip, 1960) Haematopota longipennis Stone and Philip, 1974 1960. Chrysozona jellisoni Philip, Stud. Inst. Med. Res. 1974. Haematopota longipennis Stone and Philip, U. S. Malaya, 29: 30. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 135. 1974. Haematopota jellisoni Stone and Philip, U. S. Type location: Ammatti, S Coorg, India Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 121. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Kerala, Type location: Ledo Road, Assam-Burma border Tamil Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam; Myanmar) Haematopota labarica Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota kashmirensis Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota malabarica Stone and Philip, U. S. 1974. Haematopota kashmirensis Stone and Philip, U. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 138. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 122. Type location: Walayar forest, S Malabar, India Type location: Gurez, Kisangung river, Kashmir, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Goa, Karnataka, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Jammu and Kerala, Tamil Nadu) Kashmir) Haematopota marceli Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota keralaensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, Haematopota marceli Stone and Philip, 1974. U. S. 1991 Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 141. 1991. Haematopota keralaensis Kapoor, Grewal and Type location: Anaimalai hills, 4000-5000 m, S India Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala, Tamil Ludhiana, p 162. Nadu) Type location: Mukkali, Kerala, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala) Haematopota marginata Ricardo, 1911 1911. Haematopota marginata Ricardo, Rec Indian Haematopota lata Ricardo, 1906* Mus., 4:347. 1906. Haematopota lata Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Type location: Pusa, Bihar (7) 18: 121. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Bihar, Type location: Khasi hills district, India Meghalaya, West Bengal; Bangladesh) Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand); Haematopota matherani Szilady, 1926 Palearctic region (China) 1926. Haematopota unizonata matherani Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, 1(7): 6. Haematopota latifascia Ricardo, 1911 = Haematopota 1975. Haematopota matherani Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient bessoni Senior-White, 1922 = Haematopota Region, 2: 77. beesoni Senior-White, 1922 Type location: Matheran near Mumbai, India 1911. Haematopota latifascia Ricardo, Rec. Indian Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra) Mus., 4: 356. Type location: Shillong, Assam, India Haematopota melloi Stone and Philip, 1974 Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP, Meghalaya, 1974. Haematopota melloi Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Tamil Nadu; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand) Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 144. Type location: Nova, Goa, India Haematopota limbata Bigot, 1891 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Goa) 1891. Haematopota limbata Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 16: 78. Haematopota montana Ricardo, 1917 Type location: Bengal, India 1917. Haematopota montana Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8)19: 225.

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Type location: Bababuddin hills, Mysore, Karnataka, 1969. Haematopota philipi Chvala, Acta Entomol. India Bohemoslov., 66: 49. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Type location: Nepal Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Manipur; Nepal); Palearctic region (China) Haematopota mouchai Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota mouchai Stone and Philip, U. S. Haematopota pisinna Stone and Philip, 1974 Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 148. 1974. Haematopota pisinna Stone and Philip, U. S. Type location: Pusa, Bihar Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 165. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, Bihar, Type location: Jabalpur, MP, India Punjab, West Bengal; Bangladesh; Nepal) Distribution: Oriental region (India: MP)

Haematopota mukteswarensis Kapoor, Grewal and Haematopota punctifera Bigot, 1891 Sharma, 1991 1891. Haematopota punctifera Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. 1991. Haematopota mukteswarensis Kapoor, Grewal Fr., 16: 79. and Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, Type location: Java PAU, Ludhiana, p. 170. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Assam, SW India; Type location: Mukteswar, Kumaon, Uttar Pradesh, Java; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand) India Distribution: Oriental region (India: UP, Uttarakhand) Haematopota rohtakensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1991 Haematopota nathani Stone and Philip, 1974 1991. Haematopota rohtakensis Kapoor, Grewal and 1974. Haematopota nathani Stone and Philip, U. S. Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids, PAU, Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 149. Ludhiana, p. 176. Type location: Kodaikanal, Pulney hills, India Type location: Rohtak, Haryana, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Kerala, Tamil Distribution: Oriental region (India: Haryana) Nadu) Haematopota roralis Fabricius, 1805 Haematopota nigrifrons Datta and Biswas, 1977** 1805. Haematopota roralis Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 1977. Haematopota nigrifrons Datta and Biswas, Proc. 107. Indian Acad. Sci. Anim. Sci.,(B)86:131. Type location: Tranquebar, Madras, India Type location: Wagensi, Garo hills, Meghalaya, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Chattisgarh, Tamil Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya) Nadu; Bangladesh; Indonesia; Malaysia; Sri Lanka)

Haematopota oporina Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota schmidi Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota oporina Stone and Philip, U. S. 1974. Haematopota schmidi Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 153. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 173. Type location: Muthikolam, Coimbatore district, India Type location: Mawlang, Khasi hills, Assam, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Meghalaya)

Haematopota pallida Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota pallida Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 156. Haematopota sikkimensis Stone and Philip, 1974 Type location: Mae Sai district, Chiangmai province, 1974. Haematopota sikkimensis Stone and Philip, U. S. Thailand Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 174. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand, West Type location: Mangang, Sikkim, India Bengal; Nepal; Thailand) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim)

Haematopota pattoni Stone and Philip, 1974 Haematopota singarensis Stone and Philip, 1974 1974. Haematopota pattoni Stone and Philip, U. S. 1974. Haematopota singarensis Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 156. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 175. Type location: Kodaikanal, S India Type location: Singara, Nilgiri hills, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu)

Haematopota philipi Chvala, 1969 Haematopota sparsa Stone and Philip, 1974

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1974. Haematopota sparsa Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 177. Cydistomyia aberrans Philip, 1970 Type location: Bhairabkunda, Kameng, Arunachal 1970. Cydistomyia aberrans Philip, H.D. Srivastava Pradesh, India commemoration Vol., IVRI, Izatnagar, p. 445. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Type location: Nanga, 5000 ft., Sikkim, India Pradesh) Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim)

Haematopota striata Stone and Philip, 1974 Cydistomyia assamensis Philip, 1970 1974. Haematopota striata Stone and Philip, U. S. 1970. Cydistomyia assamensis Philip, H.D. Srivastava Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 180. commemoration Vol., IVRI, Izatnagar, p. 444. Type location: Naduvatam, Nilgiri hills, India Type location: Bhairabkunda, 700-1000 ft., Kameng, Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Arunachal Pradesh, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Haematopota taunggyiensis Stone and Philip, 1974 Pradesh) 1974. Haematopota taunggyiensis Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 182. Cydistomyia indiana Philip, 1970 Type location: Victoria, Chin hills, Myanmar 1970. Cydistomyia indiana Philip, H.D. Srivastava Distribution: Oriental region (India: Maharashtra; commemoration Vol., IVRI, Izatnagar, p. 444. Myanmar; Thailand) Type location: Lingai, 4400 ft., Garhwal, Chennai, India Haematopota tessellata Ricardo, 1906* Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) 1906. Haematopota tessellata Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7)18: 120. Cydistomyia mouchai Philip, 1970 Type location: Hot wells, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka 1970. Cydistomyia mouchai Philip, H.D. Srivastava Distribution: Oriental region (India: Chattisgarh, West commemoration Vol., IVRI, Izatnagar, p. 451. Bengal; Sri Lanka) Type location: Bhainse dobhan, Nepal Distribution: Oriental region (India: Arunachal Haematopota zophera Stone and Philip, 1974 Pradesh; Nepal) 1974. Haematopota zophera Stone and Philip, U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 199. Cydistomyia nigropictus Macquart, 1855 Type location: Mumbai 1855. Cydistomyia nigropictus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Karnataka, Suppl., 5: 44. Maharashtra) Type location: East India Distribution: Australasian oceanian region (Australia, HIPPOCENTRODES Philip, 1961 [2 Species] New Guinea); Oriental region (India: East India)

Hippocentrodes desmotes Philip, 1961 Cydistomyia polyzona (Szilady, 1926) 1961. Hippocentro desdesmotes Philip, Indian J. 1926. Chasmiella polyzona Szilady, Biol. Hungarica, Entomol., 21(2): 83. 1(7): 5. Type location: Kanchrapara, West Bengal 1975. Cydistomyia polyzona Stone, Cat. Dipt. Orient. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Rajasthan, West Region, 2: 79. Bengal; Nepal) Type location: Oriental India. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Unknown) Hippocentrodes striatipennis (Brunetti, 1912) Cydistomyia primitiva Mackerras, 1962 1912. Haematopota triatipennis Brunetti, Rec. Indian 1962. Cydistomyia primitiva Mackerras, Pacif. Insects, Mus., 7: 460 (as misplacement of letter). 4(1): 102. 1974. Hippocentrodes striatipennis Stone and Philip, Type location: Pulney hills, Kodaikanal, 2200 m., India U. S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 1489: 29. Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Type location: Mussorie Hills, Dehra Dun, India Distribution: Oriental region (India: HP, UP, Cydistomyia secunda Mackerras, 1962 Uttarakhand) 1962. Cydistomyia secunda Mackerras, Pacif. Insects, 4(1): 103. Tribe Diachlorini (Lutz, 1909) Type location: Pulney hills, Kodaikanal, 2200 m., India Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) CYDISTOMYIA Taylor, 1919 [8 Species] sg. Cydistomyia Taylor, 1919

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Species not assigned to any group Tabanus sg. Tabanus fulvimedius Walker, 1848 see Notes DIACHLORUS Osten Sacken, 1876 [ 1 species ] Tabanus sg. Tabanus monilifer (Bigot, 1892) see Notes Tabanus sg. Tabanus partitus Walker, 1856 see Notes Diachlorus fulvescens (Brunetti, 1912)** Tabanus sg. Tabanus subcallosus Ricardo, 1911 see 1912. Diachlorus fulvescens Brunetti, Rec. Indian Notes Mus., 7: 456. Tabanus sg. Tabanus triceps Thunberg, 1827 see Notes Type location: Dha Kuri, Kumaon district, India Lissimas acallus (Szilady, 1926) see Notes Distribution: Oriental region (India: Uttarakhand) 9.4 Included species GRESSITTIA Philip and Mackerras, 1960 [2 species] Chrysops fixissimus Walker, 1856 see Notes Chrysops flaviventris Macquart, 1846 see Notes Gressittia apicalis Philip and Mackerras, 1960 Tabanus nigrifascies (Bigot, 1892) see Notes 1960. Gressittia apicalis Philip and Mackerras, Tabanus sg. Tabanus hybridus Wiedemann, 1828 see Philipp. J. Sci., (1959)88: 298. Notes Type location: Nilgiri hills, 300 ft., India Tabanus sg. Tabanus macer (Bigot, 1892) see Notes Distribution: Oriental region (India: Tamil Nadu) Tabanus sg. Tabanus priscoides Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 see Notes Gressittia nepalensis Philip and Mackerras, 1960 Haematopota chvalai Stone and Philip, 1974 see Notes 1960. Gressittia nepalensis Philip and Mackerras, Haematopota tessellata Ricardo, 1906 see Notes Philipp. J. Sci., (1959)88: 292. Type location: Arun valley, 3500 ft., E. Nepal 9.5 Notes Distribution: Oriental region (India: Sikkim; Nepal) Previous checklist of Tabanidae [40] recorded 244 species under 15 genera, 3 subfamilies and 7 tribes. PHILIPOTA Kapoor, 1991 [2 species] The existing list has been updated and the present list of Indian Tabanidae states that there are 247 species Philipota kanpurensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, and 1 subspecies under 14 genera, 3 subfamilies and 6 1991 tribes are existing after excluding 12 species due to 1991. Philipota kanpurensis Kapoor, Grewal and synonymy and adding 15 tabanid species including 8 Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids. PAU, new records from India. 12 species under 4 genera are Ludhiana, p. 185. excluded from the previous list mostly due to Type location: Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India synonymization viz. Chrysops terminalis Walker, 1848 Distribution: Oriental region (India: UP) becomes junior synonym of Chrysops dispar (Fabricius, 1798); Atylotus nemocallosus Ricardo, Philipota ludhianaensis Kapoor, Grewal and Sharma, 1909 changes to Tabanus (Tabanus) nemocallosus 1991 Ricardo, 1909; Tabanus (Tabanus) assamensis (Bigot, 1991. Philipota ludhianaensis Kapoor, Grewal and 1892) changes to Tabanus rufiventris Fabricius, 1805; Sharma, Taxonomic studies of Indian Tabanids. PAU, Tabanus (Tabanus) crassus Walker, 1850 becomes Ludhiana, p. 187. junior synonym of Tabanus rufiventris Fabricius, 1805; Type location: Ludhiana, Punjab, India Tabanus (Tabanus) dorsilinea Wiedemann, 1824 Distribution: Oriental region (India: Punjab) becomes junior synonym of Tabanus (Tabanus) striatus Fabricius, 1787; Tabanus (Tabanus) 9.2 Excluded genus flavicornis subflavicornis Philip, 1970 changes to Lissimas Enderlein, 1922 see Notes Tabanus (Tabanus) subflavicornis Philip, 1970; Tabanus (Tabanus) fulvimedius Walker, 1848 becomes 9.3 Excluded species junior synonym of Tabanus (Tabanus) orientis Walker, Chrysops terminalis Walker, 1848 see Notes 1848; Tabanus (Tabanus) monilifer (Bigot, 1892) Atylotus nemocallosus Ricardo, 1909 see Notes changes to Tabanus (Tabanus) rubicundus Macquart, Tabanus sg. Tabanus assamensis (Bigot, 1892) see 1846; Tabanus (Tabanus) partitus Walker, 1856 Notes becomes junior synonym of Tabanus (Tabanus) tenens Tabanus sg. Tabanus crassus Walker, 1850 see Notes Walker, 1850; Tabanus (Tabanus) subcallosus Tabanus sg. Tabanus dorsilinea Wiedemann, 1824 see Ricardo, 1911 changes to Hybomitra subcallosa Notes (Ricardo, 1911); Tabanus (Tabanus) triceps Thunberg, Tabanus sg. Tabanus flavicornis ssp. subflavicornis 1827 becomes junior synonym of Tabanus dorsiger Philip, 1970 see Notes Wiedemann, 1821; Lissimas acallus (Szilady, 1926) changes to Tabanus (Tabanus) acallus Szilady, 1926.

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Whereas 9 species under 3 genera i.e. Chrysops followed in Systema Dipterorum [45]. Probable reasons fixissimus Walker, 1856; Chrysops flaviventris might be some major dissimilarities or anomalies in Macquart, 1846; Tabanus (Tabanus) abscondens characters present in those 2 genera Gressittia Philip Walker, 1860; Tabanus (Tabanus) hybridus and Mackerras, 1960 and Philipota Kapoor, 1991. Wiedemann, 1828; Tabanus (Tabanus) macer (Bigot, Therefore, they are not assigned to any group to avoid 1892); Tabanus nigrifascies (Bigot, 1892); Tabanus further conflict. (Tabanus) priscoides Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1926; Haematopota chvalai Stone and Philip, 1974; 9.6 Abbreviation Haematopota tessellata Ricardo, 1906 are added to the * = Symbol designates species those are present in previous list to form the present checklist of National Zoological collection. Tabanidae. Modifications also occur in genus level of ** = Symbol designates species, type specimen of Tabanidae of existing list. those are present. sg. = Subgenus. Previously genus Gressittia Philip and Mackerras, BMNH = British Museum of Natural History, UK. 1960 was placed under subfamily Chrysopsinae and MNHN = Museum National dhistoire naturelle, tribe Bouvieromyiini, but the present list cannot assign France. it to any group according to updated classification CUIC = Chulalongkorn University International Club, scheme of Morita [41], followed in Systema Dipterorum Thailand. and Life desk Tabanidae. Previously the genus NPCD = National Pusa Collection Delhi, India. Philipota Kapoor, 1991 was placed under subfamily PAU = Punjab Agricultural University, India. Tabanini and tribe Diachloriini, but the current list cannot assign it to any group according to the same

Fig 1: Shows the various publications of different authors who worked on several aspects of Indian Tabanidae.

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Fig 2: Shows author, year and timeline wise contribution to Indian Tabanidae.

Fig 3: Shows time line of idea in no. of species of Indian Tabanidae in different time periods (1758-2016) for about 258 years, and 247 species that are found till date in India.

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Fig 4: Shows the share of percentage of genera of Tabanidae in India and World.

Fig 5: Shows the share of percentage of species of Tabanidae in India and World.

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Fig 6: Shows the cumulative relative percentage abundance of genera of Tabanidae in the various sub families present in India.

Fig 7: Shows the cumulative relative percentage abundance of species of Tabanidae in the various sub families present in India.

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Fig 8: Shows the composition of genera in various subfamilies of Indian Tabanidae.

Fig 9: Shows the composition of species in various subfamilies of Indian Tabanidae.

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Table 1: Tabanidae as vector for Surra disease from India with their distribution pattern are noted in this table. Updated after Veer, 1999 [79].

Sl. Species Disease / Disease agent Reference Distribution range No.

Equine infectious anaemia virus Tabanus (Tabanus) (EIAV) Ethiopian region; 1. sufis vide Krinsky, 1976 Anaplasma marginale Oriental region Jaennicke, 1867 Surra, Trypanosoma evansi

Tabanus rufiventris 2. Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Yutuc, 1949 Oriental region Fabricius, 1805 Mitzmain, 1913b, Surra, Trypanosoma evansi 1916;Nieschulzand Ponto, 1927b; Theilerensis, Trypanosoma theileri Yutuc, 1949 Tabanus (Tabanus) Kraneveld, 1931 3. tenens Oriental region Anthrax, Bacillus anthracis Walker, 1850 Buffalo sickness, Pasteurella Nieschulz, 1929 multocida Nieschulz and Kraneveld, 1929

Tabanus (Tabanus) 4. optatus Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Nieschulz, 1928b Oriental region Walker, 1856

Tabanus ceylonicus Australasian-oceanian 5. Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Yutuc, 1949 Schiner, 1868 region; Oriental region

Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Nieschulz and Panto, 1927b Chrysops flaviventris 6. Oriental region Macquart, 1846 Anthrax, Bacillus anthracis Nieschulz, 1929

Chrysops fasciatus 7. Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Nieschulz, 1928b, Oriental region Wiedemann, 1821

Tabanus (Tabanus) 8. nemocallosus Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Cross and Patel, 1922;Yutuc, 1949 Oriental region Ricardo, 1909

Tabanus (Tabanus) Fletcher, 1916; Nieschulz, 1928; Oriental region; 9. striatus Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Yutuc, 1949; Lang, 2001 Palearctic region Fabricius, 1787

Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Fletcher, 1916; Cross, 1923; Yutuc, Theilerensis, Trypanosoma theileri 1949; Tabanus (Tabanus) Anthrax, Bacillus anthracis Basu et. al. 1952; Lang, 2001 Oriental region; 10. rubidus Blackleg, Clostridium chauvoei Kraneveld, 1931 Palearctic region Wiedemann, 1821 Nieschulz, 1929 Nieschulz and Buffalo sickness, Hüber, 1928 Pasteurellamultocida Nieschulz and Kraneveld, 1929

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Haematopota Oriental region; 11. assamensis Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Lang, 2001 Palearctic region Ricardo, 1911

Atylotus virgo 12. Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Singh, 1926 Oriental region (Wiedemann, 1824)

Surra or Trypanosomiasis Singh, 1926 Ethiopian region; Atylotus agrestis Trypanosoma evansi 13. Oriental region; (Wiedemann, 1828) Trypanosoma vivax Desquesnes and Dia, 2003 Palearctic region Influenza virus (vide Foil, 1989) Surra, Trypanosoma evansi Nieschulz and Ponto, 1927a Chrysops dispar Oriental region; 14. Nieschulz and Kraneveld, 1929; (Fabricius, 1798) Buffalo sickness, Pasteurella Palearctic region Lang, 2001 multocida

10. Discussion Tabanus Linnaeus in tribe Tabanini from India. Among Through ages importance of this vector fly has them Tabanus Linnaeus genus is the most specious increased especially in research arena as evident from group having 121 species distributed across the growing number of publications in every 50 years time country. This subfamily has another Indian tribe interval started as early as > 1800 up to the recent time namely Haematopotini which is occupying second (Fig. 1). From the literatures surveyed, it is evident that position in species richness, a total of 73 species many authors contributed in addition of tabanid fauna known under 2 genera namely Haematopota Meigen; in India and Ricardo, C.B. Philip, Allan Stone, J.M.F. Hippocentrodes Philip. Among them genus Bigot and Schuurmans Stekhoven were some of Haematopota Meigen is most species rich having 71 towards in this context (Fig. 2). But nevertheless, species recorded from the country. Tabaninae has taxonomy especially when focusing on discovery of another tribe namely Diachlorini which is represented tabanid species, a notable scenario has been arised with by 8 species under single genus Cydistomyia Taylor. A no species has been described newly from the country total of 5 species under 3 genera namely Diachlorus in twenty first century till date (Fig. 3). Indian tabanid Osten Sacken; Gressittia Philip & Mackerras and genera and species have occupied very smaller Philipota Kapoor canot be placed under any taxa. It has percentage in comparison to their worldwide been seen from the present list that maximum number distribution (Fig. 4 & 5). Thereby it implies that and percentage of genera and species of Indian tabanid taxonomic research on this important vector fauna in has belonged to subfamily Tabaninae (43%; 6 & 88%; present time is really lacking and many more tabanid 217 respectively) followed by Chrysopsinae (29%; 4 & species may still await in our door steps to be 7%; 18 respectively), unassigned genera (21%; 3 & discovered. 2%; 5 respectively) and Pangoniinae (7%; 1 & 3%; 7 respectively) (Fig. 6, 7, 8 & 9). Moreover a total The family Tabanidae in India is currently represented scenario on distribution pattern of surra disease vectors by 247 species under 14 genera and 3 subfamily from India need to be discussed later to get a concerete namely Pangoninae, Chrysopsinae and Tabaninae. picture of number of tabanid vectors available from the Subfamily Pangoninae has only one genus namely country since surra is the most prevalent and several Philoliche Wiedemann, recorded from India. It has 7 outbreaks specially in wild lives and livestock have known Indian species. A total of 18 species under already been reported from India [80, 82]. subfamily Chrysopsinae is known from India. Under this subfamily 2 tribes namely Chrysopsini and Distribution pattern of several Surra disease vectors Rhinomyzini have been recorded from India. Tribe from India (Table 1), is discussed here as all other Chrysopsini has 3 genra namely Chrysops Meigen has fundamental aspects of flies of Family Tabanidae has 13 species known to India; Melissomorpha Ricardo has already been discussed earlier. Among 14 vector only one indigenous species and only 2 species under species of tabanids that are known to transmit genus Silvius Meigen are known from India. Single trypanosomiasis, all of them are recorded from Oriental genus namely Gastroxides Saunders having 2 species region [81]. Only 4 species among them viz. Tabanus under tribe Rhinomyzini have been recorded from (Tabanus) striatus Fabricius, 1787; Tabanus (Tabanus) India. Tabaninae is the most specious and diverse rubidus Wiedemann, 1821; Haematopota assamensis subfamily, recorded 136 species under 3 genera namely Ricardo, 1911 and Atylotus agrestis Wiedemann, 1828 Atylotus Osten Sacken; Hybomitra Enderlein and are also reported from Palearctic region besides their

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distribution in Oriental region and only 2 species 3. Baldacchino F, Porciani A, Bernard C, Jay- among them i.e. Tabanus (Tabanus) Sufis Jaennicke, Robert, P. Spatial and temporal distribution of 1867 and Atylotus agrestis Wiedemann, 1828 exhibit Tabanidae in the Pyrenees Mountains: the wide distribution pattern and are reported to occur from influence of altitude and landscape Ethiopian region. Tabanus ceylonicus Schiner, 1868 is structure. Bulletin of entomological research. the only vector species known to belong from 2014; 104(1): 1-11. Australasian-oceanian region in recent literature. 4. Banerjee D, Ghosh S, Ansar W. Medical and Distribution range of 7 Surra disease vector species are Veterinary Entomology: The good and bad restricted to Oriental region. Among them Tabanus flies that affect human and animal life. (Tabanus) optatus Walker, 1856 is endemic to India. Scholars journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 2015; 2(3B): 220-239. The present list has immense importance from the view 5. Basu BC, Menon PB, Sengupta CM. Regional point of taxonomy as well as management of Surra distribution of Tabanus flies in India and its disease. India remains the hot spots of biodiversity and relationship to the incidence of surra. Indian variable climatic zonation and therefore such a study Journal of veterinary Science and Animal finds importance in understanding the diversity and Husbandry. 1952; 22: 273-292. occurrence of Tabanidae. Present list of vector species 6. Bigot JMF. Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus. of Tabanidae for Surra disease so far may be exploited Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France. in design control plan and management strategies for 1891; 16: 74-79. disease intervention. Current list of Tabanidae has 7. Bigot JMF. Descriptions de Dipteres incorporated changes in scientific name of 12 species nouveaux. France Memoires. Societe and addition of 8 species to the previous list [40]. Zoologique de France, Paris. 1892; 5: 602- Previous study of Veer [81] reported 154 species as 691. endemic to the India but current study found that 8. Brunetti E. New Oriental Diptera I. Records among 247 species that are found from India, 128 of the Indian Museum: A Journal of Indian species are endemic to the country. Because many of Zoology. 1912; 7: 445-513. the endemic species described previously, has also 9. Burger JF. A review of the horse flies been reported from other neighbouring countries of (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Indian sub-region in recent literatures. It is remarkable Entomologica scandanavica. Supplement. to note that only one vector species of Tabanidae for 1981; 11: 81-123. Trypanosomiasis exhibit endemism. There lies the 10. Burger JF, Thompson FC. The Tabanus importance to study on these potential vector tabanid striatus complex (Diptera: Tabanidae): A species in future to protect domestic and wild livestock revision of some Oriental horse fly vectors of not only in India, but in other disease prone areas surra. The Proceedings of the Entomological across several countries of Oriental region. Society of Washington. 1981; 83: 339-358. 11. Burton JJ. The Tabanini of Thailand above the 11. Acknowledgements isthmus of Kra. Entomological Reprint The research work is funded by Ministry of Specialists, Los Angeles. 1978; 1-165. Environment, forest and climate change, Government 12. Chva'la M. Einige neue oder wenigbekannte of India, vide grant no. 239/2013. We are thankful to bremsen (Diptera; Tabanidae) von Nepal. Dr. Kailash Chandra, Director, Zoological Survey of Acta entomologica bohemoslovaca. 1969; 66: India (ZSI) and Dr. K. C. Gopi, Divisional-in-charge, 39-54. Entomology-B, for providing necessary facilities, and 13. Chva'la M, Lyneborg L, Moucha J. The horse Mr. Panchanan Parui, retired scientist, Diptera section flies of Europe (Diptera, Tabanidae). for identification process and compilation of the data. Entomological Society of Copenhagen, Copenhagen. 1972; 500 p., 164 fig., 8 plates 12. References (5 coloured). 1. Ahmed AB. Species diversity, abundance and 14. Datta M, Biswas S. A Preliminary study of the seasonal ocurrence of some biting flies in insect fauna of Meghalaya, India. XII. southern Kaduna, Nigeria. African Journal of Proceedings of Indian Academy of Science. Biomedical Research. 2005; 8: 113-118. 1977; (B)86: 127-133. 2. Austen EE. Note on a small collection of 15. Datta M, Das BN. Three new species of the Indian Tabanidae and other blood-sucking genus Tabanus L. (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Diptera. Transaction of Royal Society of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Bulletin of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London. Zoological Survey of India. 1978; 1: 181-185. 1922; 15: 1-264.

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Maity A, Naskar A, Sengupta J, Hazra S, Parui P, Homechaudhuri S et.al. An annotated checklist of Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from India with remarks on Surra disease vectors. Journal of Zoology Studies. 2016; 3(4):53-84.

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