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Plistoriosil :R,evie^*r The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE 0. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University, Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia COVER DESCRIPTION: This World War I poster, designed by Chicago-born artist Sidney Riesen- berg, was one of a series issued by the United States government in 1918 to promote the purchase of Liberty bonds. For more information about Missourians' responses to the war see "Popular Reaction to World War I in Missouri." The poster is from the Frederick B. Mumford Papers, Western Historical Manuscript Collection-Columbia. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR LYNN WOLF GENTZLER ASSOCIATE EDITOR LEONA S. MORRIS RESEARCH ASSISTANT ANN L. ROGERS RESEARCH ASSISTANT Copyright © 1992 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The Missouri Historical Review (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by The State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. SOCIETY HOURS: The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday, and Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., except legal holidays. Holiday Schedule: The Society will be closed Saturday during VOLUME LXXXVI the Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's weekends. NUMBER 4 On the day of the annual meeting, October 17, 1992, the Society libraries will not be available for research. JULY, 1992 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1989-1992 ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia, President Avis TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G.J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1992 MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City RICHARD DECOSTER, Canton STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville DALTON C. WRIGHT, Lebanon Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1993 HENRIETTA AMBROSE, Webster Groves FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Webster Groves LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1994 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Board of Trustees consists of one Trustee from each Congressional District of the State and fourteen Trustees elected at large. In addition to the elected Trustees, the President of the Society, the Vice Presidents of the Society, all former Presidents of the Society, and the ex officio members of the Society constitute the Board of Trustees. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight Trustees elected by the Board of Trustees together with the President of the Society constitute the Executive Committee. The Executive Director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Avis TUCKER, Warrensburg JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be considered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manu scripts on PC/DOS, 360K floppy disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, preferably the WordPerfect 5.1 or Display- write 3 or 4 programs. Otherwise, it must be in ASCII format. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accepted. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication be come the property of The State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly and The Journal of Ameri can History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be ad dressed to: Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor Missouri Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS PHILIPPINE DUCHESNE: A MODEL OF ACTION. By Barbara O. Korner 341 BOOK COLLECTING IN MISSOURI: THREE "CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE." By Robert Alan Shaddy 363 POPULAR REACTION TO WORLD WAR I IN MISSOURI. By Lawrence O. Christensen 386 A POLITICAL BOSS AT BAY: THOMAS J. PENDERGAST IN FEDERAL PRISON, 1939-1940. By Lawrence H. Larsen 396 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Bock Appointed to National Trail of Tears Council 418 News in Brief 419 Local Historical Societies 422 Gifts 430 Missouri History in Newspapers 435 Missouri History in Magazines 443 In Memoriam 449 BOOK REVIEWS 450 BOOK NOTES 453 INDEX TO VOLUME LXXXVI 457 NATIONAL REGISTER SITES: JOHN FORBES BENJAMIN HOUSE Inside Back Cover State Historical Society of Missouri Philippine Duchesne: A Model of Action BY BARBARA O. KORNER* February 1, 1818. Paris, France Dear Sister: For a long time a very strong and definite attraction has drawn me to the teaching of the infidels. I even thought of going to China, but that is not practicable, as women cannot appear in public there. God has listened to my prayers and has let me find nearer home and at less financial cost the happiness for which I prayed. In Paris I met the Bishop of Louisiana, and it is in his diocese that I shall work to instruct the savages and found a house of the Society. I wish you •Barbara O. Korner is associate professor of theatre and dean of the School of Fine and Performing Arts at Seattle Pacific University. She holds the B.A. and M.A. degrees from Bob Jones University, Greenville, South Carolina, and a Ph.D. in comparative arts from Ohio University, Athens. 341 342 Missouri Historical Review would send me a supply of seed of all the kinds you have, labeled and marked with the time for sowing. The land is so fertile in the area where we shall live that the cattle are entirely hidden in the prairie grass.1 With these optimistic words, Mother Rose Philippine Duchesne, at the age of forty-eight, announced to her family her plans to leave for America and found a house of the Society of the Sacred Heart, the order she had served so diligently in post-revolutionary France. Duchesne, who was canonized Ste. Philippine in July 1988, represents the important role played by immigrant nuns in establishing the Roman Catholic church in nineteenth-century America. The vast majority of the over one hundred communities of sisters instituted in America during the nineteenth century had European or Canadian origins. Duchesne's life and activities, like those of other nuns, were circum scribed by the male-dominated Roman Catholic church, by the class- conscious European culture in which she grew up, by anti-Catholic feelings predominant among United States territories heavily influenced by Protestantism and by nineteenth-century attitudes that viewed the domestic and private roles as the most appropriate spheres of action for women. Yet, as a major figure in the development of American Catholicism and as a pioneer woman on the American frontier, Ste. Philippine Duchesne exemplifies the nineteenth-century woman who endured many hardships to make a difference