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Digital Collections MISSOURI Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE COVER: Robert E. Lee Hill, of Columbia, was for M E many years associated with University of Missouri g] alumni activities and executive manager of the Mis- [g! souri Bankers Association. In 1952, realizing that jlj sorghum making with the horse-drawn mill was M rapidly disappearing from the Boone County and the ^ Missouri scene, he commissioned St. Louis artist, Wil- H w liam Howard French, to paint "Sorghum Makin." gj French, a well-known portrait painter before his •§] death in 1957, studied at the St. Louis School of Fine Arts and began his artistic career by preparing medical drawings and graphs for the army. After a period of H study in France, French returned to St. Louis and Ij taught Anatomic Illustration at Washington University. "" In addition to this genre painting and numerous j«| portraits, he completed paintings for various hospitals S g and churches throughout the United States. M ~ "Sorghum Makin" was presented to the Society H by Mrs. Robert E. Lee Hill in 1967, in memory of §| her husband. |§ SiiiaiaiESisissiEsiiiEiEiiisisiasiiEiEsiiaisigigig MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR DOROTHY CALDWELL ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMts W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communi­ cations, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to The State Historical Society of Missouri, corner of Hitt and Lowry Streets, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXIV The REVIEW is sent free to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $2.00 a NUMBER 3 year or $40 for an individual life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. APRIL 1970 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1959, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1968-71 T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield, President L. E. MEADOR, Springfield, First Vice President LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia, Second Vice President RUSSELL V. DYE, Liberty, Third Vice President JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry, Fourth Vice President JOHN A. WINKLER, Hannibal, Fifth Vice President REV. JOHN F. BANNON, S.J., St. Louis, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary Emeritus and Consultant RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary, and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society E. L. DALE, Carthage LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1970 WILLIAM AULL, III, Lexington GEORGE FULLER GREEN, Kansas City WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1971 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia R. I. COLBORN, Paris ROBERT A. BOWLING, Montgomery City RICHARD B. FOWLER, Kansas City FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence ROBERT NAGEL JONES, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1972 GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe L. E. MEADOR, Springfield JAcK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Four members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the fifth member, compose the Finance Com­ mittee. ELMER ELLIS, Columbia, Chairman WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield NEW SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS The State Historical Society of Missouri is always interested in obtaining new members. For more than seventy years thousands of Missourians who have be­ longed to the Society have been responsible primarily for building its great research collections and libraries. They have given it the support which makes it the largest organization of its type in the United States. The quest for interested new members goes on continually, and your help is solicited in obtaining them. In every family, and in every community, there are individuals who are sincerely interested in the collection, preservation and dissemination of the his­ tory of Missouri. Why not nominate these people for membership? Annual dues are only $2.00, Life Memberships $40.00. Richard S. Brownlee Director and Secretary State Historical Society of Missouri Hitt and Lowry Streets Columbia, Missouri 65201 151 mmmmmmmmm^mmmm^mmmmmmmm^ CONTENTS FRANK BLAIR: LINCOLN'S CONGRESSIONAL SPOKESMAN. By Leonard B. Wurthman, Jr 263 PIONEER WOMEN OF THE MISSOURI PRESS. By Alma Vaughan 289 "AND ALL FOR NOTHING" EARLY EXPERIENCES OF JOHN M. SCHOFIELD IN MISSOURI. By James L. McDonough 306 TOWN GROWTH IN CENTRAL MISSOURI, PART III. By Stuart F. Voss 322 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Editorial Policy 351 Views from the Past: Missouri Music 352-353 News in Brief 354 Errata 355 Local Historical Societies 356 Gifts 369 Missouri History in Newspapers 373 Missouri History in Magazines 377 In Memoriam 379 BOOK REVIEWS 381 BOOK NOTES 385 HISTORY OF MOSQUITO OCCURRENCE IN MISSOURI. By L. W. Smith, Jr 387 DR. MARY HANCOCK MCLEAN Inside Back Cover iv FRANK BLAIR: Lincoln's Congressional Spokesman BY LEONARD B. WURTHMAN, JR.* In 1866, at Louisiana, Frank Blair deliv­ ered the first Democratic speech in Mis­ souri, after the Civil War. Artist Richard E. Miller depicted the event in one of his murals located in the State Capitol, Jeffer­ son City. Although President Abraham Lincoln derived some satisfaction from the military picture in late 1863, Congress debated his policies or lack of them in regard to the institution of slavery. His prestige, never high among the progressive members of his own party, re­ ceded to the point where men spoke of him "in tones of mingled *Leonard B. Wurthman, Jr., is presently an assistant professor of Speech at San Fernando Valley State College in Northridge, California. Professor Wurthman received a B.S. from the University of California, Los Angeles, and a M.A. from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. In 1969, he was awarded a Ph.D. degree in Speech by the University of Missouri, Columbia. 263 pity, contempt, and scorn."1 The Radical faction in Con­ gress under the lead of Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, conciliated for the moment by the promise of the Emancipa­ tion Proclamation, ques­ tioned not only the adminis­ tration's policy governing the conduct of the war and reconstruction of the Union, but also Lincoln's fitness as a second term candidate. The President stated the former issue clearly: "Is there," he asked in 1861, "in all republics, this inherent Abraham Lincoln, from an etching in the Bay Collection of Western Americana, State and fatal weakness? Must a Historical Society of Missouri government, of necessity, be too strong for the liberties of its people, or too weak to maintain its own existence?"2 The conservative Lincoln refused to launch a "remorseless revolutionary struggle" amongst his own people through uncurbed federal anti- slavery legislation. To give way to Radicals or Jacobins, he thought, would be to forfeit all power to lead.3 In regard to the latter, no formidable candidate appeared to challenge Lincoln with the possible exceptions of John Charles Fremont and Salmon P. Chase, the Secretary of the Treasury. Irked by these continual pressures, the President looked for a spokesman who might express the values of a Constitutional Union, consolidate national sentiment in the vital border area, and generally support him in the conduct of the war. One such man was Major General Frank Blair of Missouri who became the subject of a conversation between Lincoln and i C. Gibson to Hamilton Gamble, January 4, 1863, quoted in Norma L. Peterson, Freedom and Franchise the Political Career of B. Gratz Brown (Co­ lumbia, Mo., 1965), 123. 2 Ray P. Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (New Brunswick, N.J., 1953), IV, 426; hereafter noted as Lincoln, Works. 3 Benjamin Thomas, Abraham Lincoln (New York, 1952), 352. Frank Blair: Lincoln's Congressional Spokesman 265 Francis P. "Frank" Blair, Jr. Montgomery Blair in October, 1863.4 The Postmaster General sug­ gested that his brother could provide more service to Lincoln by resuming his seat in Congress, which he had vacated one year be­ fore to raise regiments, than he could as a member of General William Sherman's staff. Lincoln pondered this idea but made no rash decision because he knew a great deal about the fiery son of old F. P. Blair, confidant in Andrew Jackson's "kitchen cabinet" and, at the time of the war, tremendously influential in public af­ fairs.5 Lincoln, for example, knew of Blair's role in organizing anti- slavery forces in Missouri through more than a decade of political turmoil. From the time he established himself in St. Louis as an editor-lawyer in 1848 to his election to the national House of Rep­ resentatives in 1856, Blair staunchly defended the Union from a "cabal of nullifiers" in the persons of Claiborne Fox Jackson and David R. Atchison. Missouri Whigs recognized him in 1852 as the 4 Lincoln to Montgomery Blair, November 2, 1863, in Lincoln, Works, VI, 554-555.
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