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Richard Bradley's Illicit Excursion Into Medical Practice in 1714
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PubMed Central RICHARD BRADLEY'S ILLICIT EXCURSION INTO MEDICAL PRACTICE IN 1714 by FRANK N. EGERTON III* INTRODUCTION The development of professional ethics, standards, practices, and safeguards for the physician in relation to society is as continuous a process as is the development of medicine itself. The Hippocratic Oath attests to the antiquity of the physician's concern for a responsible code of conduct, as the Hammurabi Code equally attests to the antiquity of society's demand that physicians bear the responsibility of reliable practice." The issues involved in medical ethics and standards will never be fully resolved as long as either medicine or society continue to change, and there is no prospect of either becoming static. Two contemporary illustrations will show the on-going nature of the problems of medical ethics. The first is a question currently receiving international attention and publicity: what safeguards are necessary before a person is declared dead enough for his organs to be transplanted into a living patient? The other illustration does not presently, as far as I know, arouse much concern among physicians: that medical students carry out some aspects of medical practice on charity wards without the patients being informed that these men are as yet still students. Both illustrations indicate, I think, that medical ethics and standards should be judged within their context. If and when a consensus is reached on the criteria of absolute death, the ethical dilemma will certainly be reduced, if not entirely resolved. If and when there is a favourable physician-patient ratio throughout the world and the economics of medical care cease to be a serious problem, then the relationship of medical students to charity patients may become subject to new consideration. -
The Canary Islands
The Canary Islands Dragon Trees & Blue Chaffinches A Greentours Tour Report 7th – 16th February 2014 Leader Başak Gardner Day 1 07.02.2014 To El Patio via Guia de Isora I met the half of the group at the airport just before midday and headed towards El Guincho where our lovely hotel located. We took the semi coastal road up seeing the xerophytic scrub gradually changing to thermophile woodland and then turned towards El Teide mountain into evergreen tree zone where the main tree was Pinus canariensis. Finally found a suitable place to stop and then walked into forest to see our rare orchid, Himantoglossum metlesicsiana. There it was standing on its own in perfect condition. We took as many pics as possible and had our picnic there as well. We returned to the main road and not long after we stopped by the road side spotting several flowering Aeonium holochrysum. It was a very good stop to have a feeling of typical Canary Islands flora. We encountered plants like Euphorbia broussonetii and canariensis, Kleinia neriifolia, Argyranthemum gracile, Aeonium urbicum, Lavandula canariensis, Sonchus canariensis, Rumex lunaria and Rubia fruticosa. Driving through the windy roads we finally came to Icod De Los Vinos to see the oldest Dragon Tree. They made a little garden of native plants with some labels on and the huge old Dragon Tree in the middle. After spending some time looking at the plants that we will see in natural habitats in the following days we drove to our hotel only five minutes away. The hotel has an impressive drive that you can see the huge area of banana plantations around it. -
The Canary Islands
The Canary Islands Naturetrek Tour Report 6 - 13 March 2009 Indian Red Admiral – Vanessa indica vulcania Canary Islands Cranesbill – Geranium canariense Fuerteventura Sea Daisy – Nauplius sericeus Aeonium urbicum - Tenerife Euphorbia handiensis - Fuerteventura Report compiled by Tony Clarke with images by kind courtesy of Ken Bailey Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report The Canary Islands Tour Leader: Tony Clarke (tour leader and naturalist) Tour Participants: Phil Haywood Hazel Haywood Peter Barrett Charles Wade Ken Bailey Day 1 Friday 6th March The arrival time of the group meant that we had enough time to do some birding in the afternoon and so we drove up from the airport, through Vilaflor to the Zona Recreativa de Las Lajas. This is probably the most well known location on Tenerife as it is where most people see their first Blue Chaffinches and we were not to be disappointed. Also at this location we saw the only Great Spotted Woodpecker of the tour plus a few Canaries, a Tenerife Kinglet and a few African Blue Tits. After departing from Las Lajas we continued climbing and entered the Las Cañadas National Park which is a spectacular drive through volcanic scenery. On the drive we encountered quite a few endemic plants including Pinus canariensis and Spartocytisus supranubius that were common and easily recognized and Echium wildpretii, Pterocephalus lasiospermus, Descurainia bourgaeana and Argyranthemum teneriffae which were rather unimpressive as they were not yet flowering but we were compensated by the fabulous views across the ancient caldera. -
“Jogging Along with and Without James Logan: Early Plant Science in Philadelphia”
1 Friday, 19 September 2014, 1:30–3:00 p.m.: Panel II: “Leaves” “Jogging Along With and Without James Logan: Early Plant Science in Philadelphia” Joel T. Fry, Bartram's Garden Presented at the ― James Logan and the Networks of Atlantic Culture and Politics, 1699-1751 conference Philadelphia, PA, 18-20 September 2014 Please do not cite, quote, or circulate without written permission from the author These days, John Bartram (1699-1777) and James Logan (1674-1751) are routinely recognized as significant figures in early American science, and particularly botanic science, even if exactly what they accomplished is not so well known. Logan has been described by Brooke Hindle as “undoubtedly the most distinguished scientist in the area” and “It was in botany that James Logan made his greatest contribution to science.” 1 Raymond Stearns echoed, “Logan’s greatest contribution to science was in botany.”2 John Bartram has been repeatedly crowned as the “greatest natural botanist in the world” by Linnaeus no less, since the early 19th century, although tracing the source for that quote and claim can prove difficult.3 Certainly Logan was a great thinker and scholar, along with his significant political and social career in early Pennsylvania. Was Logan a significant botanist—maybe not? John Bartram too may not have been “the greatest natural botanist in the world,” but he was very definitely a unique genius in his own right, and almost certainly by 1750 Bartram was the best informed scientist in the Anglo-American world on the plants of eastern North America. There was a short period of active scientific collaboration in botany between Bartram and Logan, which lasted at most through the years 1736 to 1738. -
Ex Epistulis Philippinensibus: Georg Joseph Kamel SJ (1661-1706) and His Correspondence Network
Ex epistulis Philippinensibus: Georg Joseph Kamel SJ (1661-1706) and his Correspondence Network SEBESTIAN KROUPA* Abstract. When sent as a pharmacist to the Philippines in 1688, the Bohemian Jesuit Georg Joseph Kamel turned to the local nature to identify resources, which he could use in his practice. Remarkably for a Jesuit of his low rank, Kamel soon entered into communication with European scholars and exchanged knowledge and materials with figures both in the Indies and Europe, namely Willem ten Rhijne (1647‐1700), a Dutch botanist in Batavia; English surgeons in Madras; and two members of the Royal Society, the apothecary James Petiver (c.1665‐1718) and the naturalist John Ray (1627‐1705). Based on an analysis of the letters and consignments involved, this article provides an insight into the construction and operation of long-distance networks of knowledge exchange based on factors other than nationality and spanning geopolitical, social and confessional boundaries. Attention will be drawn to the associations between early modern colonial science and trade and, in particular, the role of local merchants as go-betweens. It will be shown how commercial routes provided the infrastructure for knowledge circulation; how agents who travelled by way of established networks of trade mediated material exchange on a global scale; and how intellectual and social incentives, as well as the etiquette of correspondence played a pivotal role in the formation and maintenance of Kamel’s correspondence network. Furthermore, in tracing knowledge exchange restricted to the colonial periphery and highlighting the agency of actors stationed overseas, this article contributes to the recent efforts to think beyond national and imperial narratives and re-examine colonial history from the view of the peripheries. -
Early Cultivation of Macaronesian Plants in Three European Botanic Gardens
Rev. Acad. Canar. Cicnc, XXIII (Num. 3), 1 13-143 (201 1) (publicado en abril de 2012) EARLY CULTIVATION OF MACARONESIAN PLANTS IN THREE EUROPEAN BOTANIC GARDENS - J. Francisco-Ortega' -, A. Santos-Guerra\ L. Sanchez-Pinto\ & M. Maunder' Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, U.S.A. e-mail: ortegajrafiu.edu (correspondence) ^Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 1 1935 Old Cutler Road. Coral Gables (Miami), FL 33 156, U.S.A. ^ Unidad de Botanica, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias Calle Retama, num. 2, Puerto de la Cruz, 38400 Tenerife. Spain * Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Calle Fuente Morales, num. 2 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38003 Tenerife, Spain ABSTRACT The Chelsea Physic Garden (London) (established in 1673), the Botanic Garden of Amsterdam (established in 1682), and the Clifford's Hartekamp Gardens (the Netherlands, es- tablished in 1 709 by George Clifford II) were among the most important pre-Linnaean botanic gardens in Europe and were famous because of their living collections of exotic plants. There is relatively extensive documentation of what plant material was grown in these botanic gar- dens prior to Linnaeus establishing the now generally accepted binomial system for naming plants. A study of these documents pertinent to species originally from the Macaronesian Is- lands is presented as a contribution to the history of European plant collections and the in- troduction of new exotics to European horticulture. A total of 29 taxa from the region w ere cultivated in at least one of these gardens between 1689 and 1751. -
Program and Abstracts Book – 7Th
Title: Conference program and abstracts. International Biogeography Society 7th Biennial Meeting. 8– 12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany. Frontiers of Biogeography Vol. 6, suppl. 1. International Biogeography Society, 246 pp. Journal Issue: Frontiers of Biogeography, 6(5) Author: Gavin, Daniel, University of Oregon, USA Beierkuhnlein, Carl, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany Holzheu, Stefan, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany Thies, Birgit, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany Faller, Karen, International Biogeography Society Gillespie, Rosemary, (IBS President) University of California Berkeley, USA Hortal, Joaquín, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Spain Publication Date: 2014 Permalink: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kk8703h Local Identifier: fb_25118 Copyright Information: Copyright 2014 by the article author(s). This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. International Biogeography Society 7th Biennial Meeting ǀ 8–12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany Conference Program and Abstracts published as frontiers of biogeography vol. 6, suppl. 1 - december 2014 (ISSN 1948-6596 ) Conference Program and Abstracts International Biogeography Society 7th Biennial Meeting 8–12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany Published in December 2014 as supplement 1 of volume 6 of frontiers of biogeography (ISSN 1948-6596). Suggested citations: Gavin, D., Beierkuhnlein, C., Holzheu, S., Thies, B., Faller, K., Gillespie, R. & Hortal, J., eds. (2014) Conference program and abstracts. International Biogeography Society 7th Bien- nial Meeting. 8—2 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany. Frontiers of Biogeography Vol. 6, suppl. 1. International Biogeography Society, 246 pp . -
The Canary Islands
The Canary Islands Naturetrek Tour Report 23 February – 2 March 2019 Canary Bellflower by Jessica Turner Mount Teide by Andrew Bray Euphorbia atropururea by Jessica Turner Barbary Partridge by Andrew Bray Report and images by Jessica Turner and Andrew Bray Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report The Canary Islands Tour participants: Andrew Bray and Jessica Turner (leaders) together with 16 Naturetrek clients Summary The Canary Islands may be well-known as a general tourist destination, but they contain a wealth of natural treasures, and we were fortunate to experience many of them. Their isolation has given rise to many endemic species and subspecies, of which the great views of Tenerife Blue Chaffinch in perfect light were a highlight for many. We marvelled over the flora, so different to that of mainland Europe, and enjoyed the various species of lizards, plus the butterflies and other invertebrates we encountered. The day on La Gomera was a delight, not least for the numbers of Cory’s Shearwaters, whales and dolphins, plus the White-faced Storm Petrels we encountered. Lovely weather with plenty of sunshine, comfortable accommodation, good food and great company all made for an excellent week. Day 1 Saturday 23rd February Fly to Tenerife South – La Chafiras – Road to Vilaflor Fifteen tour group members met with Andrew and Jessica at Gatwick’s North Terminal for the 6.50am Easyjet flight to Tenerife South Airport. After a bit of a delay due to fog at Gatwick, we landed on the island at around 12.15pm, meeting up with our last group member, who had arrived on the island the previous day. -
RAÚL ORIHUELA RIVERO Tutorizado Por María Catalina León Arencibia Y Marcelino José Del Arco Aguilar Grado En Biología
Flora y vegetación del territorio de Las Lagarteras (Tenerife, islas Canarias) Flora and vegetation of the territory of Las Lagarteras (Tenerife, Canary Island) Trabajo de Fin de Grado RAÚL ORIHUELA RIVERO Tutorizado por María Catalina León Arencibia y Marcelino José del Arco Aguilar Grado en Biología. Junio 2020 AGRADECIMIENTOS Después de un intenso periodo de trabajo ha llegado el día en el que me dirija a todos los que me han apoyado a lo largo de este camino hacia mi meta final. Por ello, en primer lugar, quería dar las gracias a los tutores de mi trabajo de Fin de Grado, la Dra. María Catalina León Arencibia y el Dr. Marcelino José Del Arco Aguilar, cuyo apoyo, guía y predisposición han sido un pilar fundamental, no solo para el desarrollo de este estudio, sino para mi formación durante la carrera, brindándome todo lo que estuviera a su alcance para que este trabajo diera sus frutos, más aún con la extraordinaria situación que tuvimos que afrontar durante estos meses (SARS-Cov-2). Asimismo, me gustaría agradecer al Dr. Jesús Santiago Notario Del Pino, cuyo conocimiento sobre los suelos de Tenerife fue de gran ayuda durante nuestro análisis. Para finalizar, deseo mostrar mi agradecimiento a mi familia, ya que sin ella, este sueño no podría haberse llevado a cabo. ÍNDICE RESUMEN: ............................................................................................................................................ 1 ABSTRACT: ......................................................................................................................................... -
On Some Regularities of One-Seeded Fruits Evolution
Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2015) 511-520 doi: 10.17265/1934-7391/2015.11.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING On Some Regularities of One-seeded Fruits Evolution Тatyana I. Kravtsova Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia Abstract: Anatomical structure of differently originated seed envelopes in one-seeded indehiscent fruits of Urticaceae and Asteraceae members is studied using light and scanning electron microscopes. It was found that in anthocarps and involucrate fruits of both families the relations between the primary (pericarp) and secondary fruit envelopes (perianth and/or involucre) were composed under complexification (union) type, and not as substitution. Numerous examples of non-homologous resemblance in fruit envelope structure indicate a high degree of adaptability of certain histological types, recurring on a different morphological basis in different phyletic lines within a family. These tissue complexes represent widely occurring types of the pericarp (Utricaceae) or pericarp and seed coat tissue union (Asteraceae). This evolutionary repetition or pseudocyclic resemblance is apparently another common regularity of one-seeded indehiscent fruits evolution in addition to those enumerated in general by Zohary (1950). Key words: Asteraceae, Corymbium, Urticaceae, accessory envelope, fruit, non-homologous resemblance. 1. Introduction highly organized than other fruit types, because functional correlations between their elements are Molecular-phylogenetic investigation of stronger [11]. As was noted by Zohary [9], -
Georg Joseph Kamel S. J. (1661 - 1706)
2246-481-5 Wolfgang Schneider • * • Pharmazeutisch Historitche Bücherei Ex Libris Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schneider c 33 Braunschweig https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202103051422-0 Einsteinstr. 14 Veröffentlichungen der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie NEUE FOLGE Herausgegeben von Georg Edmund Dann Band 4 GEORG JOSEPH KAMEL S. J. (1661 - 1706) Apotheker, Botaniker, Arzt und Naturforscher der Philippineninseln von Josef und Renee Gicklhorn https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202103051422-0 GEORG JOSEPH KAMEL S. J. (1661 - 1706) Apotheker, Botaniker, Arzt und Naturforscher der Philippineninseln von Josef und Renee Gicklhorn 1 Bild im Text und 14 Tafeln Keine höhere wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis ist eine bloße Tatsache. Eine jede ist einmal er lebt worden und an dem Erlebnis haftet ihr bildender Wert. Wer sich damit begnügt, nur die Resultate sich anzueignen, gleicht einem Gärtner, der seinen Garten mit abgeschnitte nen Blumen bepflanzt." (Rektoratsrede). Adolf v. Harnack „On doit des egards aux vivants; on ne doit aux morts que la verite." (Den Lebenden gebührt Rücksicht; Toten schuldet man nur Wahrheit.) Voltaire Eutin (Holstein) Internationale Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie 1954 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202103051422-0 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202103051422-0 Inhalt I. Zur Orientierung . 7 II. Missionare im Dienste der Wissenschaft 11 III. Aus Kamels Lehrzeit als Apotheker. Ein Kapitel Pharmaziegeschichte Böhmens 15 IV. Milieu und Zeitverhältnisse in Manila als Wirkungsstätte Kamels . 20 V. Leben und Arbeit von Kamel 26 A. Jugendzeit, Lehrjahre und Wirken bis zur Abreise aus Europa. 28 B. Die Reise nach den Philippinen . 30 C. Leben in Manila . • . 33 D. -
The Apothecary As Man of Science
Iv THE APOTHECARY AS MAN OF SCIENCE INTRODUCTION The development and use of rational scientific methods was well established by the mid-seventeenth century. The collection of data and the systematic arrangement of ideas, the application of mathematics and sound reasoning, and, above all, the experi- mental testing of hypotheses, advocated by men of the calibre of Johan Kepler (1571-1630), Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Francis Bacon (1561-1626), and Rene Descartes (1596-1650) were, by the time of the Commonwealth, accepted roads to the advancement of knowledge. A new intellectual outlook had evolved, as noted by John Aubrey (1626-97) in 1671, "Till about the year 1649 'twas held a strange presumption for a man to attempt an innovation of learning". The English apothecary was, of course, much influenced by these changes. He developed methods of inquiry and investigation, he experimented, he joined societies, he wrote to like-minded contemporaries, he published his findings, and, above all, he had the good fortune to be caught in the toils of collectors' mania, be it "curiosities" or new information. The apothecary had a particular interest in those fields that most closely impinged upon his own profession - botany, chemistry, and medicine. Although considerable advances in the description and classification of plants and animals had been made by 1760, no great theoretical principles or "laws" of biology had been developed. It should be noted, though, that the generation of scientists arriv- ing on the scene after 1760 was able to study an immensely richer collection of natural history specimens from distant lands, which helped towards developing new interpretations of Nature based on sounder doctrines.