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THE DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALENDAR Sept. 18-Oct. 15—First state-wide Crafts show, State Art museum, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Sept. 30-Oct. 1, 2—Pioneer Days cele- bration, Banning, California. Oct. 1-2—New Mexico State fair, Albuquerque. Oct. 2—State chambers of commerce trek to Bill Williams mountain, starting at Williams, Arizona. Oct. 4—Day of San Francisco. An- nual trek of the Papago Indians from Arizona into Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico. Volume 12 OCTOBER. 1949 Number 12 Oct. 4—Annual fiesta and dance, Nambe pueblo, New Mexico. COVER WHITE HOUSE Cliff Dwelling in Canyon de Oct. 4—Ranchos de Taos Fiesta, San Chelly, Arizona. Photo by Hubert A. Lowman. Francisco Day processional, Taos, New Mexico. CALENDAR October events on the desert 3 Oct. 4-5—Nevada State Pharmacists PHOTOGRAPHY Contest winners in August 4 convention, Las Vegas. EXPLORATION 19 Days on Utah Trails Oct. 5-8—Eastern New Mexico State fair, Roswell. By RANDALL HENDERSON 5 HUMOR Oct. 6-8—Navajo Indian fair, Nava- Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 10 jo exhibits and rodeo, Indian dances MUSIC each evening, Shiprock, New Mex- The Chants of My People ico. By MANUEL ARCHULETA, as told to Oct. 7-10—Salton Sea Regatta power boat races, at Desert Beach, Cali- TRUE OR FALSE ILON BARTH 13 fornia. INDUSTRY Test of your desert knowledge 14 Oct. 8-9—Centennial '49er celebra- tion, frontier parade, Chandler 'Yucca Gun' May Create an Industry ranch, Desert Mot Springs, Cali- fornia. BOTANY By DOROTHY L. PILLSBURY 15 Sacred Mushroom of the Aztecs Oct. 9-15—Las Cruces Centennial fete, Las Cruces, New Mexico. MINING By CLAIRE MEYER PROCTOR 18 Oct. 14—Greenlee County fair, Dun- POETRY can, Arizona. Current news of desert mines 19 Oct. 14-15—National Highway 66 FIELD TRIP Silhouettes, and other poems 20 convention, Albuquerque, N. M. Fossil Shells From a Vanished Sea Oct. 14-16—Mojave Gold Rush days, ADVENTURE rodeo, free barbecue, Mojave, Cali- By HAROLD O. WEIGHT 21 fornia. Rock Climbers Reach the Bottom of the Oct. 20-22—New Mexico School of LETTERS Cave of the Winding Stairs 26 Mines '49er Centennial celebration, Lordsburg. CLOSE-UPS Comment of Desert Readers 27 Oct. 20-23—Graham County fair, NEWS About those who write for Desert 28 Safford, Arizona. HOBBY Oct. 21-23—Tombstone Helldorado, From here and there on the desert 29 in "the town too tough to die." LAPIDARY Tombstone, Arizona. Gams and Minerals 37 ANNUAL INDEX Oct. 21-23—Dig 'n Dogie Days; ro- Amateur Gem Cutter, by LELANDE QUICK . . 41 deo, mining events and county fair, COMMENT Kingman, Arizona. Contents of Desert for the past year 42 Oct. 21-23—Papago Indian rodeo, BOOKS Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 46 Sells, Arizona. Reviews of Southwest Literature 47 Oct. 22-23—Twelfth annual Pioneer The Desert Magazine is published monthly by the Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert, Days celebration; parade October California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948. at the post office at Palm Desert, California, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Office, 22 at 1:00 p.m. Twentynine Palms, and contents copyrighted 1949 by the Desert Press, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents California. must be secured from the editor in writing. RANDALL HENDERSON. Editor AL HAWORTH, Associate Editor Oct. 26—Annual Rose Garden show, BESS STACY, Business Manager MARTIN MORAN, Circulation Manager Valley Garden center, Phoenix, Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged Arizona. unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- Oct. 26-30—Pima County fair, Tuc- scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding Issue son, Arizona. SUBSCRIPTION RATES One Year S3.50 Two Years $6.00 Oct. 31—Mardi Gras, Barstow, Cali- Canadian Subscriptions 2.">c Extra, Foreign 50c Extra fornia. Subscription to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With P. O. D. Order No. 19687 Address Correspondence to l>es«rt Magazine, Palm Desert, California OCTOBER, 1949 Navajo Old Woman This intriguing study by Harry D. Gill, San Bernardino, Califor- nia, won for him first prize in Desert Magazine's August photo contest. It was taken in Monu- ment Valley in late afternoon with a 4x5 revolving back Graf lex. Lens was an 8Vfe-inch f/4.5 Goerz Dogmar, Isopan sheet film was used. Shutter set for 1/60 second at f. 11.

Old Well Second prize in Desert's Aug- ust contest goes to Bill Stough- ton, Pasadena, California, for this photo taken in the desert ghost town of Ballarat. Taken in December with a 4 x 5 Speed Graphic on Kodak Super XX, dark yellow G filter; 1/10 sec- ond at f. 16. The trail at this point led across a mountain meadow with the A bajo or Blue mountains in the background. 19 Days on Utah Trails . . .

Some of the trails we followed were first trod by cliff-dwelling abo- than the cowboys who run cattle in rigines hundreds of years ago. Most of them had been blazed more parts of the county. recently by cowboys and the rangers of the U.S. Forestry service. Some Ross invited me to accompany his of them were so dim I wondered how Ross Musselman, our guide, was 1949 expedition — and I was glad to able to find his way. Others were deeply rutted by the tread of thou- accept, even though I realized the long sands of head of cattle. Some were so steep and rocky we had to dis- hours in the saddle would involve mount and lead our horses. At other times they led through lovely vistas some discomfort the first few days. I of quaking aspen and spruce, with Mariposa tulip and Indian paint have long looked forward to an oppor- brush peering at us from the leafy undergrowth that bordered the trail. tunity to get acquainted with this mys- For 19 days we followed these trails with an ever-changing panorama of terious land of a thousand miniature red and tan and white sandstone buttes and domes and palisades in the Grand Canyons. background. We rode 353 miles — and never went beyond the boun- daries of San Juan county in the southeastern corner of Utah. Nine of us arrived at Musselman's Four M ranch in mid-July, and met the four men who were to manage the By RANDALL HENDERSON pack train. In addition to Musselman, HIS WAS the Utah desert wilder- the cliff-dwelling culture a thousand our crew included Val Leavitt, student ness — one of the most spectacu- years ago. There is no chamber of com- from the Utah State Agricultural col- 7lar and least known regions in merce in the county — which no doubt lege at Logan, and Don Thomas, the United States. San Juan county has is one of the reasons Americans know wrangler for the ranch, as packers, an area of roughly 3,800 square miles so little about this colorful land. and Marvin Rogers, 16-year-old stu- — more than the combined states of From his guest ranch eight miles out dent of Berkeley, California, who was Delaware and Rhode Island — and of Monticello, Ross S. Musselman «has spending his summer vacation as a yet its white population is less than been conducting pack trips into the guest-employe at the ranch. Marvin's 3000 persons, which probably is fewer San Juan country for 20 years. He job technically is known as camp persons than dwelt here at the peak of probably knows the trails even better flunkey. But Marvin was no ordinary OCTOBER, 1949 Showing the route of the 19-day trek. The numbers along the heavy dotted line indicate the consecutive night camps—75 of them. flunkey. He is an Eagle Scout who in of Berkeley, California, and Desert mule not much bigger than a burro, the days ahead endeared himself to Magazine's reporter. but the best pack animal of the train. every member of the party by his inde- Before he came to Utah 20 years Kewpie was the clown of the outfit. fatigible work and good humor. ago, Ross Musselman was secretary in Here is the day-by-day record of our Guest members of the party were: charge of boys' camps for the Wood- 353-mile ride along the remote trails Scott and Edyth Carpenter of Nutley, bury, New Jersey, Y.M.C.A., and his of Utah's sandstone wilderness: New Jersey; Clarence (Pete) and guests nearly always include boys and First Day Faune Spang of Butler, Pennsylvania; girls of school age who spend their All morning we loitered around the Elsie Flexon of Pittman, New Jersey; summer vacations riding and camping Four M corral, getting stirrups adjust- Leonard Martinson of San Francisco; with the Musselman expeditions. ed, saddlebags arranged, packs on the Nancy Flack, 13-year-old of Pasadena, We started with eight pack animals animals, and last-minute details com- California; Gary Justice, 11-year-old — seven horses and Kewpie, a little pleted. Some of the pack horses had THE DESERT MAGAZINE Cyclone valley, a former river channel now aban- Trail near the head of Indian creek where the Abajo doned. The floor was covered with a new growth of mountain slopes were covered alternately with spruce, tumble weeds. Typical spires and palisades of the quaking aspens and talus slopes of broken granite. San Juan country in the background. • There was snow in many of the ravines.

been on pasture for months and obvi- We jogged along a lane bordered pickup, and had a big fire going when ously did not fancy the idea of going with dense thickets of Gambel oak, we arrived. We carried water in buck- to work again. But the saddle horses sometimes called Rocky Mountain ets from the trickle below a nearby were veterans of the trail and Ross white oak. The flowering season was bank of snow. It was chilly at that alti- provided each rider with a well-broken at its best, and the dense underbrush tude even in July, but most of the snow mount. was colorful with Mariposa tulip or had melted when we recrossed the We rode away at one p.m. and 2Vi Sego lily, the state flower of Utah, Abajos on our return trip nearly three hours later stopped briefly in Monti- Canterbury bells, paint brush and wild weeks later. rose. cello for last-minute purchases. Leav- We were in the La Sal forest reserve ing the town we followed the well- As we climbed the oak gave way and the timbered areas on the range graded road which leads over Abajo to aspen and spruce, and wild iris and have been well protected. From our mountains to Blanding. Locally the columbine were added to the flower mountain camp we could look down on Abajos are called the Blue mountains. display. The trail led into North creek the checkerboard plateau where Utah This group of peaks is an island-like canyon where a tumbling stream pours ranchers grow beans and wheat on range rising to 11,357 feet from the down from melting snowbanks above. land that until recent years supported 7,000-foot plateau on which Monti- Just before dusk we reached the only sage brush. The annual rainfall cello and Blanding have been built. summit of Cooley Pass where at an in San Juan county varies from eight For the most part the range is timbered elevation of 10,600 feet we were to to 18 inches. Rain has been plentiful with aspen and spruce, but its slopes camp for the night. Nancy Musselman, this year and big yields of wheat were • are checkered with great splotches of 20-year-old daughter of our Chief, being harvested. granite talus where nothing will grow. had driven up ahead of us in a jeep One of the extra pack animals, car- OCTOBER, 1949 and at noon we stopped in a sheltered cove beside a great snowbank to wait for them. A sudden rain squall sent us scurrying for cover under the spruce trees, but the sun soon reappeared. Later we passed an Indian metate lying on the trail. In the days that fol- lowed we saw many of them — but we left them where they lay. One cannot collect Indian artifacts of such weight on a pack trip. Once Ross got off his horse and picked up a well-shaped mano — and I have that as a souvenir of the trip. Late in the afternoon we reached a little meadow along Trough creek, a tributary of the great Cottonwood can- yon system. There was a fine spring here, and water troughs for the cattle which run this range. The cowmen have improvised a type of trough worth The mountain meadows were knee deep with grass—the result of mentioning. They hollow out huge logs, heavy rains during the past season. like dugout canoes, and then string them out end to end along the gentle rying no pack, took off into the oak were packed and ready for the trail. slope so that each log overlaps the one thickets this afternoon and finally got At this camp we left the dirt road and next below, and overflows into it. Thus away from the pursuing wranglers, so took a steep trail down the side of the a string of a half dozen log troughs our train was reduced to seven burden- mountain to the headwaters of Indian fed by gravity is always full, and will carriers. But that was ample. Mussel- creek. serve a large herd of stock. man figures one pack horse for each Again our path led through dense We were in a little clearing sheltered two riders. The biggest item in the pack forests of quaking aspen. Mountain by aspen, oak and Ponderosa pine, load was oats, three quarts a day for people call these trees "quakies." The with a great white cliff wall towering each animal. aspen is a clannish tree. The tall slen- on one side. Ross was chief cook, but We spread our sleeping bags on a der white-barked trunks grow so close all of us assisted with the camp chores spongy mattress of leaves and twigs. together a rider has to be on the alert — bringing in wood, carrying water, Some of us had air mattresses, and constantly to avoid bruised legs. peeling potatoes. At most of the camps later we were glad we brought them, dry wood was plentiful, but there were but tonight the bed of leaves needed We crossed and recrossed the creek times when springs had to be cleaned no extra padding for comfort. Our bed- many times. Trickles of snow water or dipping basins excavated to get time lullaby was the gentle swish of feeding in from the side ravines soon clear water. Pete Spang assumed the wind blowing through the spruce built it up to a sizable stream and we role of water engineer and usually im- boughs. passed a party of men pulling trout provised easy access to the camp from its waters. waterhole. Today we traveled 18 miles. Then we climbed out of the canyon Second Day For cooking purposes, Ross followed and followed a good trail that con- the traditional practice of the range, The horses had scattered through toured the mountain at about 10,000 where wood is plentiful. The method is the timber during the night and it was feet. We had departed from our morn- to pile the fire high with wood, and ten o'clock in the morning before we ing camp ahead of the pack animals, then when it is reduced to hot embers, rake out little beds of them for the cof- Gary Justice, youngest member of the party, with Kewpie, the clown fee pot, the skillet, and the stew pans. of the expedition. Thus the cooking is done around the fringes of the main fire, with each ves- sel on its own bed of coals. Yes, it smokes up the kitchen ware —- but it serves well. And I am sure it is easier on the pack animals and packers. I can imagine some of the remarks a wrangler would make each morning if he had to throw a squaw hitch over a portable camp stove. With the fire going and the comis- sary unpacked, each of us turned to the important task of selecting a smooth place for the bedroll. At Trough springs camp we had to choose be- tween wet sand along the creek, or a dry steep hillside. Each of us solved the problem in his own way — and if we made a bad decision we knew it

THE DESERT MAGAZINE before morning, and probably will not make the mistake again as long as we live and camp out. For dinner tonight we had mulligan, made from fresh vegetables and canned meat, with canned plums, bread and jam, and coffee. We started with sev- eral loaves of fresh bread. Today we rode 16 miles. Third Day We were up at 5:30 this morning. One of the animals went on a rampage just as Don and Val were throwing the hitch over its pack. The horse raced off through the aspens scattering pots and bedrolls as it went. Then a hard rain came and we had to seek shelter for a half hour under the oak trees. It was 12 o'clock before we left camp. The trail led up out of the creek bottom to the top of a ridge where we had a glorious view of the country we were to traverse during the next few Ross Musselman, who has been riding the Utah trails for 20 years. days. In the distance were the pinnacles of Monument valley. We were looking Scorup's cowboys use this camp oc- range is from sea level to 10,000-foot down on the Four Corners country, casionally. A jeep was standing beside altitude. and could see the faint outlines of the log cabin. Cattlemen are using these As we rode down the valley, turreted Shiprock in northwestern New Mexico. cars more and more. They are useful walls of red and white sandstone gradu- Immediately below us was a series for hauling supplies in the open coun- ally closed in, and an occasional Pon- of white sandstone "cockscombs" tow- try. But they do not take the place of derosa towered above the forest of pin- ering above a forest of Ponderosa pine. the cowboy's pony when it comes to yon and juniper that covered the floor This formation is called the Causeway, rounding up cattle in broken terrain of the canyon. We followed the creek and is a spectacular landmark for this and timber. to its junction with Stevens canyon, part of San Juan county. Today we rode 14 miles. and then down Stevens to Cottonwood Every hour or two the Chief would canyon. Just below the junction with stop for a 30-minute rest. During the Fourth Day Cottonwood we stopped in the shade first few days of the ride these "stretch" There was dew on our bedrolls when of a grove of cottonwood trees, and periods were most welcome to those of we awakened at five o'clock this morn- while some of the riders bathed in the us who had done little riding in recent ing, but the desert sun soon dispersed creek others climbed a nearby butte years. the moisture. For breakfast we had where the slopes were covered with During the afternoon the trail led creamed chipped beef with the last of broken Indian pottery and obsidian across a lovely mountain meadow the fresh bread. chips. Many artifacts have been taken fringed with pines. Among the trees Then we rode along the creek in from the old pueblo ruins at the top of ferns were growing as high as the Mormon Pasture through endless the summit, Ross told us. horses' backs. Then the forest changed fields of sage, sprinkled here and there Soon after we had resumed our ride to aspens, with more ferns. Toward with purple lupine. I am sure that lu- down Cottonwood creek we passed evening the trail led down into a broad pine is the most widespread flowering huge blocks of sandstone in which valley of pasture lands. We saw a deer plant in the Southwest, with Indian were lodged sections of petrified tree on the opposite hillside. The valley is paint brush in second place. Lupine's trunks. called Mormon Pasture. Our camp that night was near an old There were Indian petroglyphs on the walls near this camp log house, where a generous flow of on the grassy floor of a canyon. spring water was piped out to a corral. This cattle camp is said to have been established in the nineties by Mormon ranchers, but more recently has been acquired by the Al Scorup cattle in- terests. Bordering the valley are great bluffs of red sandstone, with pinyon and juni- per growing on the ledges and wher- ever they can obtain a root-hold. At an altiude of 7,000 feet, the night was cool and there was ample space for the bedrolls out in the pasture. Around the edge of the pasture were wild gooseberry bushes laden with ripe fruit. No doubt Ross Musselman could make good gooseberry pies — but not with the equipment we had in this pack train.

OCTOBER, 1949 Today I got my first glimpse of a is called The Needles country, a flam- western collared lizard — and as far as ing labyrinth of domes, spires, castles, I am concerned it is the prettiest mem- towers, pinnacles and monoliths that Hard Rock Shorty ber of the whole lizard family. Perhaps has never been made a National Park 10 inches long, of which more than because it is so inaccessible. Against half was tail, the striking characteristic the towering cliffs the pinyon trees of this lizard is its coloring. The head looked like dwarfed shrubs. was orange. Then two black bands Then we dropped down into a circled the neck, and the body was a meadow that led to Salt creek. The brilliant green, tapering off to a slate- usual sage which blankets much of colored tail. In the days ahead I saw southeastern Utah was missing here many of these brilliant-hued reptiles. and in its place was a great pasture of Not all of them were as brightly colored tumbleweeds. When tumbleweed is as this first one, but I always stopped green the horses will eat it if there is Hard Rock Shorty tipped his to watch them until they disappeared nothing better. But portions of the chair back to its most comfort- in the rocks. flower structure dry into a disagreeable able angle on the porch of the At 6:30 we reached our night camp little thorn that both humans and ani- Inferno store, and allowed he at the junction of Cottonwood and In- mals avoid. When tumbleweed dries its might go up to the claim on Eight dian creeks. Al Scorup's ranch head- roots give way before a strong wind Ball crick and see how Pisgah quarters in Indian creek canyon was and the plant goes rolling across the Bill was getting along. just across the stream, and several horizon, spreading seeds as it goes. We "Where does this Pisgah Bill hundred acres of cultivated fields are crossed through great fields of it at the stay all the time?" asked one of watered from the creek. We had been lower levels of our journey. the bystanders. "We've never riding all day on the Scorup cattle do- Crossing Salt creek, which was now seen him. I don't believe there is main. (Desert Magazine, Oct. '40). Al dry, we came to Cave spring, where a such a person." Scorup came into the San Juan country pool of water fed from seepage in the "Well now," answered Shorty, in 1891 as a youth of 19 with a few sidewalls is sheltered by a great over- "Bill is still a lively ol' cuss des- dollars in his pocket and grub on his hanging cliff. This is another cowboy pite his 70-odd years, but you pack horse. From that lowly start he outpost. Faint pictographs on the walls may never see him fer he's very has built a cattle empire that covers indicated that prehistoric Indians had shy. But he wasn't always that more than a million acres. used this cave long before the cattle- way. Nancy Musselman met us again with men came to this country. "Bill's been a changed man the jeep at this camp, bringing supplies We waited here for our pack train to ever since he made that trip out that must last for the next nine days, arrive, and then rode another three to the city in the 'twenties. That for tomorrow our trail would lead into miles to Squaw spring, where a fine trip really did somethin' to Bill. a wilderness where roads are unknown. flow of water bubbled up through the "Yuh see when he arrived It had been a hard day's ride under sandstone floor of an arroyo. Our camp there the streets wuz full o' a scorching sun, but we found a deep site here was bare sandstone, and those strange lookin' fellers wearin' waterhole in Indian creek just below of us with air mattresses were glad we yella britches an' little red mon- camp and the cool water dispelled all had brought them. This was to be our key hats on their heads. Bill fatigue. base camp for the next two days, so couldn't figger it out — decided We were 10 hours on the trail today we brought in a big supply of dead maybe he had gotten into a fur- and rode 26 miles. juniper from a nearby butte, and rin country by mistake. Finally sought what comfort we could on the walked up to one o' them funny Fifth Day sandstone ledges. lookin' clowns and asked him if We were up at 5:45 and had break- he could talk English. The feller fast at seven. Then Ross and I crossed Today we rode 24 miles. said a few o' them could, and the creek to pay our respects to Al Sixth Day what did he want? Scorup, on whose land we were camp- It rained during the night but there "'I want to git back to the ing. Although in his late seventies, he were waterproof tarpaulins enough to U.S.A.' hollered Bill. was saddling his horse for a morning keep us fairly dry. '"Whereabouts in the U.S.A?' ride. He is still a very active cattleman, We were up at 5:45 and went about the feller wanted to know. and his intimate knowledge of the San our camp chores leisurely, for the day's "'Death Valley, out in Cali- Juan range enables him to direct its schedule was to include only eight miles forny. That's where my claim is, operation without spending 16 or 18 of riding. and I wanta go back there right hours a day in the saddle as he did for At 10:45 we followed the Chief now!' exclaimed Pisgah. many years. along a trail that led up Squaw creek " 'Come along with me, an We left camp at ten o'clock and for into the heart of The Needles. Here we'll have some fun,' the feller II miles followed a winding course millions of years of erosion have sculp- said. down Indian creek. The spires of the tured great cliffs of red and tan and "So Pisgah jined the crowd, an' twin Sixshooter peaks were conspicu- cream sandstone into forms so fantas- they played jokes on him, an' ous landmarks on our left as we rode tic as to make the term "Needles" everybody laffed, an' they took him down the valley. We stopped along the wholly inadequate. In the gigantic in a parade — an' finally Ol' Bill way to examine some petroglyphs on palisades that towered above us we got it through his head these folks the rocks. This canyon, farther up- could find nearly any form imaginable. wasn't furriners—they was Shrin- stream, has some of the finest glyphs The sphinx was there, the pyramids, ers having a convention. found in the Southwest. (Desert Maga- battleships, pipe organs, mammoth An' Bill was so ashamed of his- zine, Nov. '46). toadstools, and towers and spires and self fer bein' so dumb, he come We passed the mouth of tributary domes were everywhere. Pinyon grew back home and vowed he never Lavender canyon, and then climbed a on the ledges and in pockets, wherever wanted to see a dude again." slick rock trail to Salt Creek mesa it could find a toe-hold, and to add to where we had a gorgeous view of what the artistry of this mammoth fairyland

10 THE DESERT MAGAZINE the walls in many places were streaked with patterns of tan and brown — the soluble desert varnish that rains had brought down from the capping at the top. It rained while we were in The Needles and it was a disappointing day for pictures — but those weird formations probably will still be there for the photographers a thousand years from now. We were reluctant to leave this gal- lery of the sculpturing gods and the sun was near the horizon when we de- parted for our camp on the slick rock. When we arrived at base camp the packers were trying to smoke out a rattlesnake they had seen crawl under a huge boulder. Eventually it came out for fresh air and was shot by Val. This was the only rattler seen during the 19 days. The natives told us San Juan county is "not good snake country." Today we rode 8 miles. Seventh Day Six of us rode off early this morning for a sidetrip that would take us to the junction of the Green and Colorado rivers. The women chose to remain in camp to do their laundry — and rest. Our ride for the most part was across piny on covered mesas, with an occa- sional shallow arroyo to cross. At 12:35 we reached the end of the horse trail, and then hiked along a ledge for a half mile to a saddle from which we could look down on the Y formed by the Colorado and its major tributary 1200 feet below us. This is the Cata- ract sector of the Colorado — where boatmen have encountered many haz- ards in the navigation of the stream. This point is accessible only by horse and foot trail, and few parties have visited the spot. We erected a cairn and Ross said that on his trip next year he would bring in a register so visitors could leave a record of their arrival at this remote spot. When we returned to the horses Ross told us we would take a different route back. Parallel to the Colorado and less than a mile east of its channel we entered Cyclone valley, a vertical- walled gorge that resembled a hundred others we had seen — with the excep- Above — Petroglyphs of ancient design under a rock overhang tion that it had a level alluvial floor near the head of Salt Creek. covered with tumbleweed. Obviously, Below — These well-preserved pictographs found in a cave showed it had been formed during some pre- exceptional artistic skill. historic period by running water. But the stream long ago had been diverted of conglomerate that would provide a sent a flash flood of thick red water elsewhere and today there is no stream field day for a rockhound. It appeared down Squaw creek, submerging the channel in its floor. to carry great quantities of jasper, and We climbed out of Cyclone valley spring. However, the runoff had been crystalline quartz and calcite. completed and clear cool water again over a grade so steep we had to lead Our return route wound through a the horses, and dropped down into was bubbling out of the rock in the maze of picturesque canyons. Once bottom of the arroyo. Devil's Lane, a formation almost iden- we had to detour a fresh earthquake or tical to Cyclone — a gorge with no fault crevice three feet wide and ap- Today we rode 25 miles. water channel in its floor. parently bottomless. When we returned (This narrative will be completed Near the base of the sidewall in to camp we learned that a rainstorm in in the November issue vf Cyclone canyon was a 12-foot stratum The Needles during the afternoon had Desert Magazine)

OCTOBER, 1949 11 Manuel Archuleta and his wife Alyce Pinno. Their Indian names are "Rain God" and "White Flower."

12 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Manuel plays his recordings for his friends in San Juan pueblo. Left to right — Manuel, his father Demecia Cata, Juan Trujillo, Santos Cruz, Juan "Sheep", Hilario and Joe A. Garcia. The Chants of My People... Manuel and Alyce Archuleta reside in Albuquerque where he is employed by the Indian Service as stock and file clerk. They have three little daughters, aged ten, seven and two. To earn extra money Manuel occasionally lectures at the University of New Mexico and teaches Indian lore and dances in the schools. The recording of the Indian songs is a hobby that has never added much to the family income, but Manuel is hopeful that the sale of his recordings eventually will enable him to devote all his time to this work. There are literaUy thousands of Indian chants, and many of them deserve to be reproduced and preserved. The Archuleta address is P.O. Box 1493, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

By MANUEL ARCHULETA chants actually started ten years ago. way I would own it. At that time we as told to ILON BARTH I wrote to a big recording company were actually living on fifty cents a asking them if I could work for them day. We had enough milk for the baby Y INDIAN NAME is Tse-we in some capacity so I would be con- and a recording machine, and that was Ant-yen. The songs of my peo- nected even if I had to sing my own the most wonderful thing in the world. ple fascinated me, I loved them songs. My letters were not answered. Alyce Pinno, my wife, is from the all. As a child I wanted to devote my You can imagine how depressed I felt. Laguna pueblo. I met her while we whole life to them. When an old man When I first saw a portable recording were working for the Indian office at died he took with him some of the outfit advertised it did not take me two Albuquerque. The first time I went out songs others had failed to learn. minutes to order it. Regardless of cost with her on the bus to meet her people Recording these authentic Indian I was firm in my belief that in some they gave her a big scolding for being OCTOBER, 1949 13 with a boy. I could hear her mother, songs are suitable for recording pur- and hear the Indians playing their San as well as her father, giving her a lec- poses. I have to evaluate them and go Juan records in separate houses, all ture. They told her she would marry a through hundreds before a definite se- going at once! Laguna Indian, that there were lots of lection is made. A Navajo Indian friend When an Indian came and told me nice boys at Laguna. named Willis George helped me draw the Governor of the Pueblo wanted me At Laguna everything was bare and the tom-tom picture I use as a trade- to play for him, and that he had his brown. The pueblo was built on rock, mark for all the recordings now ar- own phonograph I was elated. It was a up on the side of a barren hill. This ranged for quantity reproduction. wonderful feeling to think he had a seemed odd to me because I grew up I finally got to my home pueblo meeting on some important matter and among trees with fishing and swimming with their records. The Indians saw then asked me to play for him. That holes at my San Juan pueblo home. me coming. I was almost swamped as was the nicest thing that could happen However, I learned to like the place. they tried to pull me out of the car. to me. The people were full of happiness and They all wanted me to come to their My ambition is to make a recording laughter. Singing was closest to my house to play the records. San Juan of every song and dance possible. This heart and Alyce's father was one of the is a modern pueblo now and they all will mean thousands of authentic In- best song makers. One year he made had record players. I had about 100 dian songs. It will preserve for my peo- 17 different songs for the ceremonial records with me. It was an amazing ple their own musical history. Songs dances of the pueblo. These were not experience to walk through the streets will not be lost when an old man dies. open to the public but I have two recorded songs from Laguna, "The Corngrinding Song" and "The Har- vest." When I hear these Indian songs For those curious-minded folks I am stirred by emotion. There is a who like to check up on them- lump in my throat. TRUE OR FALSE selves occasionally, just to see Among my records is the Navajo how much they really know, Desert Magazine presents another of its True "Squaw Dance Song." I realized that or False tests. These questions cover many fields of interest — geography, the Indians had been having these history, botany, mineralogy, Indian customs, and the general lore of the songs and social dances long before Columbus was credited with discov- desert country. A good desert rat should get at least 15 correct answers. ering America. Social dances among A grade of 18 is superior. The answers are on page 36. white people are held in smoke filled rooms, with people pushing each other 1—Death Valley was given its name by Death Valley Scotty. around and shoving with their elbows. True False The Indians dance out in the clear fresh air with the sun, stars or fires for 2—Desert mirages are seen only in the summertime. True False background instead of tissue paper 3—Desert lily is a perennial that grows from a bulb. True False and glitter. We have our own kind of 4—Mormon colonization of Utah was started before gold was discovered jitterbugging, too, which the Indians in California. True False have been doing for centuries. There 5—Rainbow Bridge National Monument is in Arizona. True False is the Pon-sha-dee in San Juan pueblo 6—There are 36 sections of land in a township. True False where the boy and girl cut the rug with tom-tom music. These are frolics and 7—Fruit of the wild grapevine found in desert canyons is poisonous. the Indians enjoy dancing with their True False girl friends, too. 8—The gopher snake will coil and strike like a rattler. True False The Taos Indian round dance is 9—Tallest peak seen from anywhere on the California desert is San held each evening all year around, Gorgonio. True False weather permitting. It is a happy get- 10—Hopi tribesmen who help the Snake clan put on the annual snake together and anyone is fortunate who dances belong to the Wolf clan. True False lives where he can hear this concert. I determined to put this round dance 11—New Mexico was the 47th state admitted to the union. on my recording for everyone to enjoy. True False Actually on one record there are four 12—Blossom plumes of the salt cedar or native tamarisk are yellow. songs on one side and three on the True False other. I try to put as many songs as 13—The state flower of Arizona is the Saguaro cactus. True False possible on one record so the Indians will have a number to listen to as they 14—Calcite often was used by the Indians for making arrow and spear are the people who really enjoy them. points. True False At first I had to ask permission of 15—Best route from the desert to the top of Mt. Whitney is the Bright the Indians but now they come to me. Angel trail. True False While I was making songs of other 16—Indian sand paintings are made with a brush of yucca fibre. tribes the San Juan people were won- True False dering why I was not making a record- 17—To visit Meteor Crater in northern Arizona, one would travel U.S. ing of their songs, my own pueblo. Highway 66. True False I explained to them that it was due to lack of funds, and distance. When I 18—Nuts of the pinyon tree grow in cones. True False could I would get there. It meant I 19—The junction of the Green and Colorado rivers is in Utah. had to pick out my singers, haul them True False to Albuquerque to make the record- 20—Dates grown on the American desert ripen in the fall of the year. ings, and feed them. Not all Indian True False

14 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Yucca — New Mexico's lovely state flower — may bring to the desert Southwest a new indus- try. If a recently-developed "yucca gun" provides a practi- cal method of separating the tough yucca fiber from the green leaves, not only could wild yucca be harvested profitably, but commercial yucca growing might become a new phase of desert agriculture. How the new yucca gun operates and the ad- vantages of yucca fiber are here explained by a writer who has closely following developments in this field. 'Yucca Gun' May Create An Industry

By DOROTHY L. PILLSBURY

>OST PEOPLE THINK of in seven or eight common varieties as good desert land- scape. It may, one of these days, be more than scenery. It may scatter small industrial plants over the Southwest with employment for hundreds. It may start a new kind of agriculture where nothing else will grow. The desert horizon may some day be sprinkled Graceful and beautiful, New Mexico's state flower may develop into a state with yucca farmers. asset in addition to its scenic value. New Mexico state tourist bureau photo. And all because of a gun! About two years ago R. S. Chapman, a Cali- brown in color and minus its terminal pensive. Not until World War I stopped fornia engineer, journeyed to Lords- thorns. That fiber, laboratory tests the importation of jute, sisal and hemp, burg, New Mexico. He was on prove, is tougher than hemp, jute, cot- did the White Man pay much attention crutches at the time, but he got there. ton or silk. It could be used for cord- to yucca fiber. Then by slow expensive It was a big occasion. Leaders of in- age, sacking, furniture padding and methods he made street brooms of it, dustry, agricultural experts and people the caulking of ships. cordage and even a special paper for who knew and loved the desert were the navy. there. Chapman and his associates had Those tough fibers had been a part spent years and thousands of dollars of the yucca leaf since its creation. After the first World War, the Ger- perfecting that gun. It wasn't much to The question had always been how to mans became interested in desert look at. It resembled a corpulent trench get them out — quickly and cheaply. yucca. They, too, had suffered from mortar. Indians knew and used those fibers lack of fiber material. Five hundred long before the first White Man showed pounds of yucca seed gathered in New On the outskirts of the little desert up in the country more than 400 years Mexico were furnished them through town of Lordsburg, the gun was set ago. Evidently he rotted and pounded the United States Department of up. It was stuffed with green leaves the green chlorophyl away to get the Agriculture. The seed was planted in taken from the yucca which grows in fibers. Time was not a decisive ele- botanical gardens near Frankfurt. great profusion through the southwest- ment in his life. From this fiber he With German love of detail, they ern desert country. Steam was applied made rope, woven carrying bags and learned much about our desert yucca. for a few minutes under pressure. The sandals. Fragments of his handiwork They established the fact that from trigger was pulled. The gun roared. In have been found in prehistoric Indian seed' planting to seed producing, the a cloud of steam, shredded yucca leaves cliff dwellings. . cycle takes about 40 months. But they hurtled through the air to fall against The White Man went a little further used the old expensive method of ret- a back-drop a few feet away. The re- than the Indian. He tried scutching and ting to obtain the fiber. The process sulting mass was yucca fiber, light chemicals. But it was slow and ex- required about three weeks.

OCTOBER, 1949 15 to 556 pounds of fiber. This is a wild harvest from land which is good only for scenery or scanty grazing. Yucca, it seemed, was growing everywhere in the desert, even on old lava flows where there is practically no soil. It was estimated that about 19,000,- 000 acres of land in New Mexico alone produce yucca in seven or eight vari- eties. It was estimated that there is enough yucca growing within reach of transportation to central processing plants to make 200 tons of fiber a day for 25 years. The best discovery of all was that the yucca plant is not killed by harvesting its leaves. In 21 months it will reproduce them leaf for leaf. To desert lovers, yucca as scenery will always be more important than yucca as cordage and sacks. The road from invention to mass production is a long one in these times of unsettled conditions. Much has been learned along the way. It has been discovered that not only is neutral colored fiber produced by the new process, but that it takes only a 30- minute interval of washing and drying before it can be baled. Useful by- products have followed that may prove more remunerative than the fiber itself. Yucca eclata, one of the common and abundant varieties of yucca used for fiber, is locally known as soap- weed. Its roots contain a soapy agent. Indians and pioneer women used it for hair washing, for preparing wool for weaving and for cleaning their hand-woven blankets. To this day no ceremonial dance takes place among New Mexico's Indians without the par- ticipants indulging in a good soapweed shampoo. This soapy agent is present in the residue left in the gun after the fiber is hurled out by explosion. Woolen goods manufacturers and makers of commercial shampoos are eyeing that Inventor, R. S. Chapman, came on crutches to the testing of his yucca gun. soapy residue with great interest. So are boiler users as the soapy residue Photo by C. E. Redman. has been found to be a fine agent to remove caking from the inside of boil- Eventually jute, sisal and hemp out the percentage of fiber obtained ers and to prevent its formation. again were moving freely in world from a given number of pounds. They But what about growing yucca? The markets. The sack, cordage and furni- tested its relative strength as compared United States government through its ture padding firms were getting what to other fibers. They made field expe- committee on irrigation and reclamation they wanted from foreign markets. The ditions to determine the extent of yucca has been collecting facts about yucca dearth of fiber material did not show bearing land in New Mexico and and the fiber it produces since the up again until the second World War. neighboring Texas. successful testing of R. S. Chapman's That shortage continued long after the The roar of Chapman's pressure gun. Could ex-servicemen be settled war ceased. cooker gun at Lordsburg was the an- on 40-acre desert tracts? Could they C. W. Botkin, professor of chemistry swer to the need for a quick and cheap plant them like corn fields, a thousand at New Mexico State college in the method of separation. This being set- yucca seedlings to an acre? Chapman experimental division, renewed his long tled, Professor Botkin's laboratory figures that from the German experi- advocacy of yucca fiber for commercial findings became increasingly import- ments these seedlings should yield a purposes. With patient experiments he ant. He discovered that with a fiber crop in 40 months and that it should and his associates tested various ways content of 43 percent and a 50 percent average about 15 tons to an acre. of separating fiber from leaf by chemi- loss of moisture on drying, an average But how would a man make a living cals and other methods. They worked uncultivated desert acre will yield 227 on the desert while he was waiting for 16 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Yucca fiber, freed from its leaf content, is seen hurtling through the air when fired from the Chapman gun. Photo by C. E. Redman. his yucca farm to come into bearing? Chapman's answer is that he could MONGOLS MAY HAVE HELICOPTER RESCUE IN gather the wild crop of yucca in his TRAVERSED ARIZONA . . . RUGGED DESERT CANYONS . . . vicinity — that a man could cut and That the Mongols traversed Arizona Easing down in a brief and danger- transport two tons of green yucca land on their way through the Ameri- ous landing on a mountain slope in the leaves a day to a plant within a radius cas from Asia and that in ages past rugged canyons behind California's of 12 miles. Arizona may have been a highway for Mount San Antonio, an Air Rescue He figures that owners of unproduc- migrations of the human race toward pilot in a helicopter from March air tive desert land will sell green yucca Central and South America is the base recently succeeded in rescuing a leaves to the gatherer for $5.00 a ton. theory of Dr. Daniel P. Quiring, ana- stranded jet fighter pilot who had Even at the present high price Of labor, tomist of the Cleveland, Ohio, clinic. bailed out of his speedy ship. It took all the skill of Lt. Jack he estimates that yucca fiber can be Citing the discovery of the Folsom produced for around $70 a ton. That Batty, Kansas City, to maneuver his man in New Mexico and recent find- helicopter into the rough region, but is a big saving compared with jute at ings near Point of Pines and Fort Defi- $110 a ton brought in at the close of he set it down long enough for 2nd Lt. ance in Arizona, Dr. Quiring said: Robert E. Farley, Selah, Washington, the war. In normal times the jute in- "I would not be surprised if the re- dustry represents $140,000,000 a year to scramble aboard. mains of the original Mongol man are Farley was suffering from cuts on which gives some idea of the magni- found in this region." The scientist, tude of the fiber industry. the face and injuries to. his feet. He who has traveled the world studying was flown by Batty to Indio, California, Laboratory tests show that yucca various types of humans and their ori- for hospital treatment. Farley spent fiber is twice as strong as that of jute. gin, expressed his opinions while in five hours on his 3200-foot perch after Its tensile strength as tested by Pro- Ganado, Arizona. He said the work of bailing out of his jet plane, said he im- fessor Botkin is 66.9. This compares his clinic is to determine why different provised a shelter from his parachute with hemp at 52, jute at 24.5, cotton types of humans have various charac- to shield himself from the hot August at 23 and silk at 30. Binder cord made teristics of appearance and behavior. sun. from yucca fiber will stand a 3000- He calls Americans "the Faustian • • • pound test and % -inch rope will stand type — dynamic builders who often de- May Dam Coyote Creek . . . a 4000-pound test. stroy themselves in the effort." A way The gun that roared at Lordsburg is being sought, he said, to "keep the BORREGO SPRINGS —Creation energetic type from destroying itself." of a lake in Coyote canyon by building may some day be heard around the a dam across Coyote creek, an all-year world. It may lay the foundation for a stream that wastes its waters in the great American industry in producing Clearing Sagebrush Land . . . sands of California's Borrego valley, material for cordage, sacks, furniture is proposed by Fred W. Marlow and padding and oakum for ship caulking. The desert Southwest may have more Robert Ransom of the Borrego Springs Its by-products may be as valuable as range land if heavy equipment being company. They believe it would make the fiber. It may give hundreds of per- used to clear sagebrush proves practi- a new paradise for fishermen and duck sons the chance for outdoor living in cal. A demonstration in Summit coun- hunters, and create a scenic lake as a region that seemed to offer little in ty, Utah, recently showed cattlemen well. The U.S. bureau of reclamation the way of earning a livelihood. The and farmers the operation of a wheat- has accepted plans for consideration. desert may have produced another land plow, brushland disc and the new The proposed road to Hemet through possible treasure. Noble plow, imported from Canada. Coyote canyon could border the lake.

OCTOBER, 1949 17 By CLAIRE MEYER PROCTOR Sacred Mushroom Photograph by the Author far and wide, believing it to be a species of fungus, and it was not until 1915 of the Aztecs . . . that a botanist of the United States department of agriculture succeeded in identifying it with the Peyote or Mescal button used by the American Indians of the Southwest. The Peyote or Mescal button is of the genus Lcf- phophora, whose geographical distri- bution ranges from the southern border of Texas to Queretaro, Mexico. Known botanically as Lophophora Williamsii, this plant does not resemble any member of the family Cactaceae, being completely spineless and depend- ing upon its bitter taste for protection against animals. The glaucous flower- like top is a simple hemisphere with six or eight converging grooves and faint lines connecting them, a small tuft of matted gray wool is borne in the center of each groove, the pale pink flowers one inch in diameter occur on the newly formed areoles in the center of the plant. The top of this cactus rises only an inch or two above ground, while the thick tap root may be three or four inches long. The use of the Peyote or Mescal button has become widespread and extends to Indian tribes as far north as the Canadian border. To the mod- ern Indians its use is distinctly reli- gious, having taken on an outward form of Christianity. Its adherents claim many unusual results from its use, such as being cured of tubercu- losis and other diseases. The mission- aries have worked hard and long to break up the Peyote Cult without suc- cess, even appealing to the Govern- ment to pass laws prohibiting its use. This sacred gift of the Indian gods contains three alkaloids: viz., mesca- line, lophophora and anhalonine, and when eaten raw, dried or cooked into a concoction and sweetened with a syrup to eliminate the bitter taste, the physi- ological effect is an impression of energy and intellectual power, followed by a peculiar effect on the optic nerve The Sacred Mushroom, or Lophophora Williamsii enabling the eyes to see images ka- leidoscopic in character, in every con- N THE YEAR 1529 the good Padre peculiar kind of intoxication. Some of ceivable color and tone, objects appear- Bernardino de Sahagun arrived in the people danced, others sang, still ing in jewel-like splendor unknown to Mexico from Spain to convert the others wept. Some seated themselves a natural world, and resulting in a idolatrous Aztecs to the gentle teach- around a ceremonial fire in meditation, sensitivity to light and shade with a ing of St. Frances. Among the feasts enjoying the colorful visions caused by deeper appreciation of color. he described in his valuable histories the effect of the mushroom on the optic Scientists who have made experi- is one called "The Feast of Teonana- nerve. The good Father never saw the ments with the drug derived from this catl." plant but only the dried black tops that cactus, say it is neither intoxicating nor On the day of the great feast, the were brought to the Aztecs by messen- habit forming, but the physical after- first thing eaten before the break of gers consecrated to their task. effects are not pleasant. In most cases, day, was a certain black mushroom Botanists of modern times finding the nausea and indigestion followed by a mixed with syrup made from the sap description of the Sacred Mushroom hangover headache is the exacting price of the maguey plant, resulting in a in the Padre's history, searched for it paid for this unusual experience. 18 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Reports indicate the vein shows a width of 28 feet, can be traced on the surface by lamp for 3000 feet. Sam- pling has not been completed.—Tono- pah Times-Bonanza. • • • Winnemucca, Nevada . . . Salt Lake City, Utah . . . Julian. California . . . Schwabrow, Schendel and Chapman It wasn't uranium, but 65-year-old The old Owens mine at Julian, from believe they have a gold mine in their Robert Elliott is pleased just the same which nearly a million dollars in gold— perlite mine. They control a huge de- with results of the assay on ore from at today's prices — was taken in the posit near Cow Creek, and things are his mine located about 50 miles north 1870's, is being reopened by the Julian looking up for the mining men with of Barstow, California. He was after Mining and Milling company. Com- receipt of an order for 1000 tons of uranium and found ore that made his pany engineers say there appears to be perlite from a Maryland engineering Geiger counter hop, but experts in the enough quartz left in the mine to last firm. The material is used in the plaster Utah department of commerce report- 10 years on the proposed operating of houses, is noted for its strength, ed that samples submitted by Elliott schedule. A shaft is being sunk 1000 lightness, insulating, waterproof and weren't even close to uranium. The feet from the old Owens workings, will soundproof qualities. Prospects are that assay report did show, however, that reconnect with the old tunnel at the it may come into much more general the ore contained gold worth about minus 400-foot level. The now peace- use in building.—Humboldt Star. $28 per ton. That's almost high grade ful mountain village of Julian was • • • these days, according to Kenneth B. once a lively mining town. Window Rock, Arizona . . . Dyer, field office manager, department • • • Sealed bids for mining leases on two of commerce, Salt Lake City. So El- tracts of Navajo tribal lands have been liott is happy, says that with three Gabbs, Nevada . . . invited, according to Allan G. Harper, companions he will this fall begin to Within a few months two companies superintendent of the Navajo Indian work with picks and shovels at his are expected to be making finished agency at Window Rock. Descriptions California mine.—Salt Lake Tribune. products from the mountain of mag- of the two tracts are contained in cir- • • • nesium ores at Gabbs, said to be larg- culars which have been issued formally Rcmdsburg, California . . . est deposit in the western hemisphere, calling for bids. One is in northern Mining activity at the Big Gold according to representatives of the two Apache county, Arizona, approxi- Annex has been resumed following firms, Basic Refractories, Inc., and mately 15 miles southwest of Boundary leasing of the property to William Jen- Standard Slag company. Gabbs is in Butte, Utah, in unsurveyed territory. derzy, Caspar Tabler and G. H. Senor. Nye county, 80 miles southeast of The other is in San Juan county, Utah. Owners are Mr. and Mrs. John M. Fallon. These magnesite deposits sup- The first is offered for copper and Kreta, Randsburg. Prospecting for plied the huge electrolytic reduction other minerals that may be found, the future development has been occupy- plant at Henderson during the war. second is offered for vanadium-uranium ing the time of the lessees, who re- Now it will supply material for pro- and other minerals that may be found. ported recently that one vein running ducing a variety of refractories which Each tract is offered separately to 10 to 20 feet in width carries average will be shipped through Mina to dis- qualified bidders who are willing to values of $14.37 per ton and has been tant points. The war-time town of pay highest cash bonus per acre for opened for a length of 60 feet. The Gabbs is being repopulated, and the the privilege of leasing the lands, in Big Gold Annex is located about two two processing plants are expected to addition to stipulated production royal- miles southwest of Randsburg, was employ close to 200 men.—Fallon ties of 10 per cent of the gross sale originally located in 1903. Ore from Standard. price of all mineral products recovered the Annex will be milled at the Kreta • • • and sold, plus annual acreage rentals mill in Randsburg.—Times-Herald. Fallon, Nevada . . . on a sliding scale. Primary term of the • • • On property which adjoins the Sum- lease will be for 10 years.—Gallup Reno, Nevada . . . mit King mine, well-known producer Independent. Although many samples of uranium- in the Sands Springs district 26 miles • • • bearing ore have been found in Nevada east of Fallon, the Twilight Gold Phoenix, Arizona . . . in recent months, the uranium content Mines company is sinking a vertical Uranium mining is no get-rich-quick is so low that it won't pay to ship it shaft in hopes of tapping the ore zone proposition. Authority for that state- to the nearest buying station — which at a reasonable depth. According to ment is Charles H. Dunning, director is in Colorado, according to Jay Car- Albert Silver, consulting mining engi- of the Arizona state department of min- penter, director of the state bureau of neer of Reno who is technical adviser eral resources, who warns that despite mines. Nevada has no Atomic Energy and manager for Twilight, the shaft stories of rich uranium finds the Commission field office and no buying will be vertical, is expected to reach a chances are all against a prospector — station. If a buying station were located depth of 500 feet with exploratory particularly an amateur — locating in Nevada, some of the ores discovered cross cuts at indicated intervals. The uranium-bearing ore that will pay a might be worth shipping, Carpenter be- Summit King has an excellent record profit after the costs of mining and lieves. "At the present time," he con- of production and profits, Silver thinks hauling to the processing plant. Aver- cludes, "the outlook isn't too encour- the Twilight Gold mine can equal the age yield from uranium-bearing ore is aging unless somebody finds a very production.—Fallon Standard. high grade ore body."—Humboldt Star. only one-fourth of one per cent crude • • • uranium per ton, and since average • * m raw uranium will bring about $2.75 Tonopah, Nevada . . . Los Angeles, California . . . per pound, average return is only A promising tungsten-scheelite dis- A new booklet, "Minerals of the $13.75 per ton. Hauling costs usually covery that may develop into a power Southwest—1949", has just been is- will eat up that gross return. Some shovel operation has reportedly been sued by the mining committee of the uranium mines are of course paying made by George Rong and a com- Los Angeles County chamber of com- handsome returns. — Moab Times- panion north of the Carver ranch near merce and is designed for distribution Independent. to miners, prospectors, mineral con- here. Exact location was not disclosed. sumers and those in allied industries. OCTOBER, 1949 19 Silhouettes By MURIEL EAMES POPE Santa Ana, California Night made a picture in the sky Of siren birds that swiftly fly. Cacti stood out in bold relief. Dunes knelt in prayer as if in grief. Night walked across the sky's dark blue Each foot-print made a star break through And they looked down from time and space And framed the picture in old gold lace. Night prowlers waited for their prey Then left before the morning gray. When sleepy day took one last look She closed the covers of night's book.

DESERT SHOW By RUTH B. PHILLIBER Weiser, Idaho Now the stage is all set and the Queen of the Sky- Guest of honor tonight at the desert's new show— Has arrived and has taken her place there on high, In the box on the right in the very front row. She is gowned in the latest of pale golden dresses And is trailing soft draperies of gauzy cloud gray, With a diamond tiara of stars in her tresses That are sprinkled with star-dust in splen- did array. Far below her the spotlight is turned on the stage, And the orchestra, led by the mild Desert Breeze, Plays the theme for the chorus of Cacti and Sage, Photograph by Charles Shelton, Glendora, California As they sway round the arms of the Joshua trees. Then, Coyote, the soloist, enters the light— A STORY INCOMPLETE THE DESERT With his head raised up high to the guest By GEO. E. PERKINS By KATHLEEN J. KENNEDY up above— Overton, Nevada Modesto, California Silhouetted, he stands on the backdrop of Just a broken down rig, and a pile of bones Endless as eternity; night, Left to bleach in the sand and heat, Hot as the depths of Hell; While he soulfully pours out his heart's Some scraps of harness, and pots and pans Still as a summer evening; aching love. But the story was incomplete. Dry as a forsaken well. Where was the man who had left them It molds and remolds there? Earth's form to its own. MY TREASURE Far out on the desert grey, Then thrusts it away By PAUL WILHELM So far from the busy haunts of men To still another unknown. Thousand Palms, California That no one e'er passed that way? Lord God, now let the New Race find its Form never the same Perhaps he had wandered for miles away As sands over it blow. food Crazed with thirst, 'til the demons of hell Whence came the desert. . . In something more substantial than deceit; Who had goaded him on, and on, and on, To what fate does it go? I have clear air to whet a prayerful mood, Were content when at last he fell. And wind and stars far sweeter than their meat. While the buzzards circled 'round and 'round, Just biding their time to feast. For the desert relentless, grim and old, MYSTERY Shows no mercy to man or beast. By LEO F. BELLIEU Parker, Arizona The sun shines bright on the sage today By TANYA SOUTH COMPENSATION There's perfume in the air. San Diego, California By GEO. M. AMES The junipers nod on the distant hill Indio, California And I'd like to wander there, Sow then the seeds of Good alone, I looked at the mess in the dooryard — Viewing the mysteries of this ancient earth And Good alone will have been won. My neighbors of course; not mine, As before me they unfold, Seek to be truthful and sincere, The litter of weeds and of papers The mystery of life in each living thing And yours shall be an ordered sphere. And the flagstone all out of line. A secret yet untold. Live your life gently. Let no thought Of evil or of hatred crop, Then I raised my eyes to the sunset, Perhaps someday in the great beyond And you shall find your Pathway laid The clouds, and the hills to the west, Where we have eternal peace, In peaceful, sunny span — upgrade. And thought not of people's shortcomings The Great Dictator of all that's good But of things with which people are blessed! Life's secret will release. THE DESERT MAGAZINE Casts and fossil shells of gastropods from Alverson canyon includlftg-nirritella, top center; oliva, next right; cone shell, upper right; fig shells belowT^

The sea which ^>hee covered much of the Southern Caliiornia Fossil Shells from desert has long since disap- peared, but the evidence that such a sea once existed is found in many places. For those interested a Vanished Sea in the fossils of ancient marine life, here is the story of the Coyote mountain coral reef and of the many species of fossil shells By HAROLD O. WEIGHT found in the area. Photographs by the author WAS PLEASANT, in a reptilian that even to think about collecting Alverson, and there is one tricky sort of way, to lie in the shade of a made us perspire. stretch of the auto trail where it is easy little cave in the bottom of Alver- Summer, of course, was the wrong to go astray. By the time we had found son canyon, panting gently and blink- time to come to this arid corner of the the right canyon and the right place in ing at the glaring canyon walls. Pleas- Colorado desert. We knew that when the right canyon, the shade-hunting ant to repose with eyes half closed, we started — but we had a plan. Coy- stage of a desert summer day had ar- staring at the tawny sediments of the ote mountain is located only about 25 rived. cave ceiling while my mind sought miles west of El Centro and less than The cave was deceptive. We were half-remembered geology and history, five miles from the paving of U. S. out of the sunshine, but the air it had or leaped from fact to fancy. Highway 80. If we started before day- heated was still with us. The contorted Alverson, a narrow twisting gash in light and arrived at the canyon by walls of the gorge glittered. The few the southern flank of California's Coy- dawn, we would be able to hunt our hardy plants of the wash — principally ote mountain, has been famed since fossils before it became too hot. Then desert lavender and catsclaw — seemed 1890 for its fossil corals and shells. we could retreat either to El Centro's tinder-dry. Above the canyon the We — Eva Wilson, Lucile and I — coolers or to some shady spot to sit slopes were baked and barren with a had driven from El Centro to collect out the brazen afternoon. That plan scattering of encelia and creosote and some of the fossils, but by the time we has worked satisfactorily on various gaunt ocotillos. reached our destination it was so hot occasions. But this was my first visit to You could tell, just by looking at it, OCTOBER, 1949 21 that Coyote mountain had seen hard of Coyote's coral reefs. But we know has done more than anyone else to un- times, geologically and climatically that in those days the corals were not ravel the short-hand history Nature speaking. From its appearance it might the grey rock-ghosts found in the bad- wrote in these rocks. But when it came never have known real moisture from lands now. They were masses of brown to the period before the formation of that beginning day when Nature and green and deep dull gold. Slender the coral reefs, Mendenhall scratched dumped over it the klinkers of world corallines, like blossoming flowers, his head. It was hard to deduce any- building. rose from among marvelously fluted thing, he wrote, except that the under- So it looked, but the spot where I corals. In the caves and canyons of the lying rocks of the mountains — the lay once had been the bottom of the reef and about its edges, vivid spiny limestone which had been converted to sea. The cave ceiling above me was sea urchins, furry purplish sea dollars, beautiful marble, the schists and almost a mosaic of fossil shells. Only turritellas, cone shells and olivelas gneisses — showed that they had been yesterday in geological times these swarmed. And — since such life has buried deeply and subjected to terrific twisted sediments had been a shore changed but little — many other won- earth strain. They were "upturned, in- line. The dark peak of Coyote moun- ders and beauties of the present ocean truded and crystallized, uplifted and tain had been an island in a tropic sea shallows were there. Through the clear eroded into mountainous topography." whose western waves lapped against saline water swam fish much like the Then came the Miocene period, usher- the serrated shoreline of the Laguna highly colored inhabitants of today's ed in with volcanic activity, when flows mountains; whose waters were joined tropical seas, constantly alert to eat or cf liquid rock spread across the land by some lost seaway to the Gulf of to avoid being eaten. . . . and into the waters, and beds of tuff Mexico. Now all that ferment of life has be- and volcanic fragments were laid down. If paleontologists are right, no hu- come rock and sand under a burning After the vulcanism subsided, Coy- man being, as we know humans, ever desert sun. W. C. Mendenhall, in ote and Fish Creek mountains were looked through the greenish crystalline charge of a U. S. geological survey ex- islands in a clear sea. The corals, small waters of that sea at the wonder-world pedition to the Coyote area in 1904, and simple marine animals which build

Fossils and casts are thick along some of the ridges of Coyote mountain, and others can be dug from the clayey shale.

22 THE DESERT MAGAZINE ALVERSON CANYON ROAD LOG Turnofi to Alverson canyon is 27.5 miles west oi El Centro; 1.8 miles west oi Coyote Wells, on Highway 80. 00.0 Take dirt road north from high- way. Road cuts off just west oi watertank and is marked for Oco- tillo village. 00.9 Ocotillo. Road which angles leit is the impassable proposed In> perial highway. Continue nortfi toward Coyote mountain. 03.5 Road enters wash, and zig-zags right, then left, going up sandy wash. Drivers are advised to check road to see if they wish to drive farther. Sometimes very TO; •...•; *v •_.*•** k^a^Tr? sandy. VALLECITO 03.8 Leave load up wash for trail, left, which cuts out of canyon and follows stream bed at base of ridge. Rough road. STAGE STATION SITE .<„.. J! j , ;> 04.0 Entrance to Alverson canyon. 04.3 Easy trail to fossil areas on ridge west of Alverson canyon leaves ( ' . • canyon on left. :\AA^AL :;g; . *kui$s&d2iW?f a limy external skeleton about the bases TO of their bodies, started their reef- 1 building. The little creatures them- PLASTER CITY * selves, called polyps, reproduce by branching, and as the older ones die the reef builds upward upon the lime skeletons they leave behind. But these reef-forming corals demand clear, shal- low normally saline ocean water, and they cannot survive if its temperature is below 68 degrees. So we know that for a long period, the sea was warm and clear. Then something happened. The waters around Coyote became im- pure and brackish. Many kinds of oy- sters found the new mixture much to their liking and great beds of them succeeded the corals which could not survive the change. Heayy silt from these muddy waters built thick layers around Coyote. Then the land must have risen again, shoul- dering :he seas aside. Beds of mud and clay aid sandstone, layers spiced or packed with the skeletons of long- dead mollusks, masses of cemented shells and reefs of coral — all of them were exposed to the work of wind, rain and runoff. The clay beds eroded swiftly into badlands, but where they were overlain by the more solid blocks in the Fish Creek mountains, which lie Blake was with Lieutenant William- of coral or shells or sandstone, flat to the north, and in the valley and bad- son's party in 1853, seeking a practic- topped peaks were created. Storm wat- lands of Carrizo creek between the two able route for a transcontinental rail- ers cut deep canyons which drained, mountains. They have beert known to road. And Dr. A. L. Heermann, natu- as ages passed, into the extended arm science for a long time and at least a ralist with the expedition, found a of the Gulf of California, into fresh- dozen collections for museums, schools specimen of the large oyster still com- water Lake Cahuilla, and finally into and institutions have been made in the mon in the area and which was named a barren desert sink. Through those region. Ostrea heermanni for him. centuries Coyote mountain, beaten by Apparently Dr. Charles C. Parry, Charles R. Orcutt, who made ex- storms, faulted by earthquakes, as- botanist and geologist with the U. S. tensive collections in 1888, and Dr. sumed its present guise. boundary survey, was the first to note Harold W. Fairbanks, who studied the Marine fossils can be found over a the occurrence of the fossil oysters region for the California state mine- wide area in western Imperial county. along the wash, in a reconnaissance in ralogist about 1893, were the first to They are exposed at many places on 1849. And the indefatigable William tell of the great coral reefs, and Fair- Coyote mountain — especially in Al- P. Blake, early geologizer over half the banks sent coral samples to the survey verson and at the head of Garnet can- Southwest, was the first to collect speci- in Washington. Dr. Stephen W. Bowers yon. They are found in Barrett canyon mens and send them to Washington. collected in Coyote and Fish Creek

OCTOBER, 1949 23 mountains in 1901 and issued a report Paleontology of Coyote Mountain on the area. He named Alverson can- Imperial County, California, by G the Navy is not using has been leased yon for C. S. Alverson, civil engineer Dallas Hanna, issued by the California to cattlemen. There is talk of making ol ban Diego who was active in the oil Academy of Sciences in 1926, brings the historic trail part of the proposed drilling excitement which swept the the story more closely up to date Imperial highway, and if so the Navy Colorado desert at that time. The Hanna suggested that the coral reef may be asked to explain why it can- corals Bowers sent to Dr T W exposed in Alverson canyon be called not bomb on other sections of its big Vaughan of the U. S. geological sur- the Imperial formation. The 200 feet range and reopen the road. vey resulted in the expedition of 1904 of sandstone above the reef which At any rate Alverson canyon, the with Bowers to study the fossils and was thick with fossils, he named the last time we visited it, had not been Mendenhall the geology. Latnna sands. Above it are huge de- liberated" for desert lovers by the Based largely on the 400 corals posits of silt which he termed the Coy- Navy. And some of the best fossil which this expedition reportedly sent ote Mountain clays and above them the hunting ground in Coyote mountain is to Washington, the geological survey great oyster beds which he identified found near it. In case some visitors issued a professional paper in 1917- as the Yuha reefs. might become confused, it might be The Reef-Coral Fauna of Carrizo well to explain that Coyote mountain Creek, Imperial County, California, and Before the war, the entire fossil re- also is known as Carrizo mountain Its Significance. This publication by gion was open to collectors and visi- and that Alverson canyon is also known Dr. Vaughan remains one of the most tors. In fact, Desert Magazine readers as Shell and Fossil canyon. The turn- important on the region. The particu- and other interested Californians paid off to the canyon is 27.5 miles west of lar significance, according to Dr Wing fees which made the area part of t,l Centro on a road to the north which Vaughan, was that the corals more Anza state park. However, our dry- is signposted for the small desert com- closely resembled those of Florida and land Navy has done a very successful munity of Ocotillo. the West Indies than anything known job of closing off most of the region Through Ocotillo, .9 miles from the in the Indo-Pacific region, thus prov- by throwing a corner of a bombing highway, the road is good. Beyond the ing that once there was a seaway range across the old Butterfield stage community, it continues as two ruts probably across Central America, con- road, the only passable way into Car- up the bajada. There are a few traces necting the two regions. Since that rizo creek, and by occasionally bomb- of road to the right, but the driver time, the corals of Coyote have been ing along about 100 yards of that road. should keep left to 3.5 miles where the found to resemble many of those found Warning signs now keep visitors out road zigs sharply right up a wash, and in the Gulf of California. of the badlands and from the site of then zags left. The gravel of this wash old Carrizo stage station, and the area sometimes is firmly packed and some-

THE DESERT MAGAZI NE canyon, in the south flank of Coyote moun- The author examines one of the Coyote mountain tain, has been famous for its fossil shells and corals fossils dug from the side of a shallow wash west of for more than 60 years. Alverson canyon.

times causes cars to stall. At 3.8 miles is possible, no matter how high the sil of a large sea dollar from the rock the fossil-hunter should take a faint sun, to find some shade in Alverson while Lucile was extracting turret shells track which cuts left over a little rise canyon. from a great block of sandstone in the and out of the canyon. This is the point Even when the afternoon was the wash almost beside the car and I was where it is simple to become side- hottest, our retreat was relatively pleas- recovering oyster shells from a softer tracked. The left branch continues up ant. Provided with plenty of water, deposit. As it grew cooler, we found a a rough streambed beside a ridge, un- way up the west wall of the canyon. til it bumps over boulders to the mouth shade and a little common sense, men have little to fear from even more in- Coming back to a spot almost above of Alverson canyon at 4 miles from our cave, we found the top of the ridge the highway. tense desert heat. Exertion and direct exposure are sunstroke's greatest al- covered with shell casts, and in some tie condition of the wash and the lies. And when the sun had dropped cases the actual fossils, which remained type of-j/eMcle will determine whether far enough to form patches of shade after the softer matrix had weathered you want to-drive up Alverson. If so, in the canyon, our rock-hunting in- away. Most of them were fretted a point .3 miles ffoqj the canyon mouth stincts came out of hibernation. There through long exposure to moisture and is the best place to stop and there a were many fossil shells in the walls erosion. But across a miniature wash, faint trail over the ridge to the west around us and in huge blocks of sand- still farther west, we discovered a will lead to fossil areas. However, most stone in the wash. Oyster shells were layer of soft shale or clay which con- drivers may prefer to stop even farther plentiful, heermanni and the small tained many specimens and which back on the bajada jusMsefore the road vespertina, and probably other vari- could be dug into quite easily with the zig-zagged at 3.5 miles. The hike is little pick and shovel we carried. pleasant in the cooler months, and the eties that we did not recognize. There strange gorge of Alverson can be seen were places where we found both Digging in those clayey banks had, best on foot. halves in place, and it was in this can- for us, all the uncertainty and fascina- yon that Hanna told of seeing speci- tion of playing a slot machine — with The stream has undercut the walls mens a foot in diameter. none of its financial headaches — and •n places, making shallow caves. So it Eva chipped the almost perfect fos- the payoffs were more frequent. You OCTOBER, 1949 25 never knew what you were going to themselves away from their fellows and own shells, it might just possibly be hit — cone shells, turritellas, pectens, into their own tombs, while absorbing worth while to go out and get ac- clams, olivelas, fig shells, coral. Pos- anything in the food line that came quainted with the fossil coral of Al- sibly even some specimen which has within their reach, was pretty important verson canyon. Yesterday there was an not yet been reported from this area. stuff. Their coral city, undoubtedly, ocean above Alverson. Neither you Most of them, as they came reluctantly was the whole world. nor I nor the learned geologists nor from their bed, were only casts, or Well, that world passed away, de- the physicist who is fiddling with the casts coated with a thin layer of brown- stroyed by so simple a thing as a ingredients of the atomic bomb can tell ish crystalline calcite. But the details change in the character of the sea what it will be tomorrow. But today it were preserved well enough on most of water, and today it is buried and is a fascinating page in the book of them that they could be recognized, jumbled in the lonely desert. And wonders of the world we live in. And and every now and then a perfect fos- while we human beings haven't much even though the book is only half sil was recovered. We found that care- time, as we rush about the important opened, there are lessons on the page ful work was necessary to get the speci- business of eating and building our for those who will read. mens out in good shape, and we were glad that we had brought newspaper and cotton to wrap them in. Our grab-bag collecting was so fas- Rock Climbers Reach Bottom of cinating on that first trip that it was dark in the canyon when we returned the Cave of the Winding Stairs to the car. That was regrettable, be- cause I had driven just about one-tenth Two expeditions have attempted in required all the skill of the expert rock of a mile farther up Alverson than I recent months to complete the ex- climber. should have and, because of the heat, ploration of the mysterious Cave of the Stalactites line much of the route, I had failed to turn the car around Winding Stairs in the Providence and when the rough walls closed in to while there was light enough to see mountains of California. form narrow chimneys the climbing what I could do. It was impossible to This almost vertical cave was dis- was painful in places. The three mem- judge distances in the dark of the nar- covered by Jack Mitchell nearly 20 bers who finally reached the bottom row gulch, and it was only after much years ago, and he almost lost his life returned to the surface with their flashlight waving by Lucile and Eva in an attempt to reach the bottom of clothes in shreds. that I managed to get pointed down it on a rope lowered from a windlass Based on the lengths of rope used, stream. At that, I cracked a windwing at the entrance. they estimated the depth of the cav- on the sloping roof of the cave as I Since the publication in 1941 of ern at 500 feet. The descent required turned into it. Edwin Corle's book Desert Country, 2V2 hours, and the climb back to the At the mouth of Alverson, it was in which the story of Mitchell's ad- surface 9Vi hours. necessary to get out with a flashlight venture was told in detail, interest in They used carbide lamps, and extra and search for the disturbed places the exploration of this cavern has been carbide was lowered in the same knap- where our tires had passed earlier in revived. sack with lunch. The sack would hang the day in order to determine where A year ago John Scott Campbell, up on ledges and then fall long dis- the road ran. It was with real relief instructor at California Tech, undertook tances— with the result that the food that we reached the deep ruts of the to measure the depth of the cave with became well seasoned with carbide and sandy wash again. I would not recom- radar. The attempt was unsuccessful ammonia inhalant before it reached its mend a collecting trip to Alverson in due to the zig-zag formation of the destination deep in the hole. the summer and I would suggest that cavern, and to the moisture at lower At the bottom were four rooms with those visiting it get out before dark. levels which has caused a heavy ac- fantastic formations of stalactites, While these fossil shells are fascinat- cumulation of dust on the rock sur- stalagmites and crystalline columns. ing reminders of ancient life, they are faces. The dust absorbed the sound The climb out was made more diffi- not "pretty" in the rockhound sense waves, making accurate readings im- cult by the elasticity of the nylon rope of the word and they cannot be cut or possible. they used. As one of the explorers ex- polished. Nor should visitors go to Later a party headed by Walter S. claimed, "it gives one a frustrated feel- Alverson expecting to see fossil reefs Chamberlin of California Tech and ing, like trying to swim up a water- towering above the clay. Actually they William R. Halliday representing the fall." are so covered with sediments and National Speleological society descend- Once during the ascent Carlton eroded that in the lower parts of the ed into the cave. This was purely a Shay's light went out, and that further canyon, at any rate, they can only be scientific expedition, and the results complicated his difficulties. located by finding pieces of coral float have not been made public. Twenty years ago when Jack Mitchell or digging into the formation. But the More recently Pete Neeley, spele- was pulled out unconscious after spend- fossils of Alverson will be fascinating ologist, teamed up with five rock climb- ing two days in the cavern, he closed for those interested in desert geology ers of the Sierra club — Clem Todd, the entrance and turned his attention and for anyone who would like to step Lee Lewis, Carlton Shay, Wayne to the development of more accessible out of the pattern of man's self import- Mann and Ruby Wacker — to prowl caverns. He built trails and guest ac- ance for a moment and glimpse the the subterranean depths. Their adven- commodations and has provided scenic vast antiquity of our world compared ture was reported in a recent issue of guide trips for thousands of visitors with the tiny time scale we have thus Mugelnoos, publication of the Sierra annually. far occupied in the scheme of things. club's Rock Climbing section. Recently he announced his desire to Those corals of Coyote mountain Belayed on ropes from the surface, retire from active management of the certainly were no great shucks at think- the climbers found that the cavity con- caves, and a movement has been initi- ing. Had they been, perhaps they sisted alternately of narrow chimneys ated to have the property taken over as wouldn't have stayed corals. But I sus- which they barely were able to squeeze a California state park. He has stated pect that in an indefinite sort of way through, and spacious chambers with his willingness to relinquish the caves' they felt the life-long task of cementing ceilings as high as 50 feet. The descent for park purposes.

26 THE DESERT MAGAZININE History From an Old-Timer . . . Pro and Con of Meteor Crater . . . Rowood, Arizona Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Desert: Desert: I have been reading about Camino My attention has been called to your del Diablo in your September issue, editorial concerning Meteor Crater, in and I wish to correct your information which you take a strong stand in favor When a Gila Monster Bites . . . as to the death of the Mexican family of the nationalization of the Crater, Boulevard, California where the rock circle and the crosses apparently on the grounds that the Desert: were erected along the road near Tina- scenic aspects may be injured by the You have printed a lot of guesswork jas Altas. small amount of excavation that is go- about venomous reptiles. Here's some- About 65 years ago I was down ing on on the southern rim in the way thing from one who really knows. In there with two old Papago Indians who of mining silica sand. 1930-31 I was manager of the Moun- were living near the head of the gulf at the time of the tragedy. I asked them I am afraid you have taken this stand tain lion farm, zoo and reptile garden without giving much attention or study at Two Guns, Arizona. There I saw a about the crosses. They said Mexicans were buried there. to the other side of the question. As young man bitten by a gila monster. president of the company who owns There is a simple and quicker way "What caused their death?" I asked the Crater, I can tell you that we have to open a gila's jaws when he clamps them. given both sides of the question the on than using a screwdriver or pliers. "We killed them," was the reply. most thorough consideration. In the winter of 1931-32 I ran a snake "Why did you do that?" I asked. "For the loot," they said. Our motives are only in part actu- show at Long Beach. ated by the chance of private gain from My partner handled the rattlesnakes When I pressed them for further de- tails they explained that they obtained exploitation of the Crater. We are just like I would a gopher snake. But he as importantly motivated by a desire was scared to death of my two gila some tobacco and other things, includ- ing some buckskin bags with gold in to serve the public, to acquaint as many monsters, while I handled them as a people with the facts about this unique chuckawalla. If properly handled they them. They said they had no use for the gold, so they emptied it among the phenomenon, and to serve the ends of are not likely to bite. But if they do, greasewood bushes, but kept the bags, pure science by carrying the explora- just jab a sharp instrument, a match, which they could use. tion for the meteorite just as far as a toothpick or a twig into their nos- possible. . . . trils, and they will immediately un- Later I married the daughter of one clamp their jaws. of the old men. When I read your No public organization could be As to the poison of the gila monster: article I asked my wife if she remem- more careful of the needs and interests They do not have fangs like a rattler. bered the massacre. She said she re- of the American public at the Crater They grab and hold on, and chew while called what her father had told her than we are. We charge an entrance they are inflicting the wound, and all about it, and that it was just about as fee, it is true. So does every National the time they are pumping in the poison I have stated above. Park and practically every National which is in their lower jaw. If he hangs In those days Mexicans did not Monument. In fact our scale of fees is on long enough you may not survive. travel with horses and wagons, but in lower than that of any National Park The anti-venom serum ordinarily used oxcarts made from mesquite wood. in the United States. is of no value in the case of gila poison, They used prickly pear cactus to grease Without such an entrance fee it which is the same as that of the cobra. the axles. Also, they carried water, not would, of course, be impossible to GUY O. GLAZIER in demijohns, but in goatskin bags. So keep at the Crater the intelligent and the version of the tragedy could not courteous curators, who are devoting have been as written in your maga- themselves fervently to one of the Mt. Timpanogos Is in Utah . . . zine. toughest jobs I know—16 hours a day Los Angeles, California Having lived so many years on this 7 days a week — of receiving visitors, Desert: southern Arizona desert, I know much operating the lecture machine, and Your Desert Quiz in September was of its history. The Papagos committed caring for the wants of travelers. They very interesting, but the quiz editor so many murders along Camino del have carried out this assignment for failed to tell us where to go to climb Diablo that the Mexicans finally sent the past two years while living in an Mt. Timpanogos. The answer to ques- in troops and rounded up many of automobile trailer parked on a hillside. tion No. 20 was omitted. them and took them to Caborca where I am delighted to say that more ade- Perhaps he has no desire to climb they were turned loose. quate quarters will be built for them Ol' Timpanogos. Neither do I, with Please pardon my intrusion, but I this fall — including an attractive re- all the climbing I have yet to do in know your editors try to get the true ception room for tourists. the High Sierras — and a peak 40 miles facts when they can and I happen to We are engaged in mining silica sand lieast of Salt Lake City is too far have an old-timer's knowledge of this (which incidentally is of such excellent Tfa bigger and better hori- country. composition that it can be shipped to zons can beSoen^from the top of Mt. THOMAS CHILDS the California coast in competition Whitney. • • • with any other such operation in the PHILLIPS More Color for the Desert ... West) in a small area on the southern Apologies to Reader Phillips Long Beach, California rim. The lessee who is doing this work and others who wondered why we Desert: has signed an agreement not to allow omitted the answer tc Quiz Ques- May I make a suggestion — that we his excavation to cut into the southern tion 20. We asked the printers, rockhounds and others help beautify skyline of the Crater, or to deface the and they didn't know either. But the desert country by taking a few Cali- Crater from the tourists' point of view anyway, Ol' Timpanogos is~~ iti fornia poppy seeds on our trips and toss in any way. He is also to record the Utah — and a very respectable them out the car window and let the geology of the ground he digs, and mountain even if it cannot be seen winds disperse them. There are other thus add his contribution to the scien- from the top of Whitney. flowers that would do well also. tific knowledge of the Crater . . . The —R.H. V. P. CUTLER funds which we obtain from this opera-

OCTOgER, 1949 27 tion will be devoted, in every way that news and reads proofs on the news- we can devise, to the further explora- (TlftGAZint paper— and writes magazine feature tion of the main problem of the Crater stories in her spare time..Having spent — the whereabouts and condition of all her life in New Mexico and Arizona, the meteoric mass that made it. she knows the Indians well, and enjoys M. MOREAU BARRINGER CLOSE-UPS the warm personal friendship of many of them. Flippin, Arkansas J. Wilson McKenney, who was asso- • • e Desert: ciated with Randall Henderson in the Norton Allen, artist of La Mesa, launching of the Desert Magazine in California, whose accurate and in- For several years I have been think- formative maps have been one of the ing that Meteor Crater was a National November, 1937, and who later re- turned to the newspaper field, recently most popular features in Desert Maga- Monument. Since reading the August zine since it was started, is now pre- issue of your magazine I have been sold his Yucaipa, California, News, and plans to devote his time to free paring a drawing showing the new questioning some of my friends and Trona-Wildrose highway into Death they too were under the same impres- lance journalism. "Mac" wrote many feature stories Valley. The road is scheduled to be sion. I feel that many people will be completed before the '49er Centennial disappointed to learn what I have for Desert Magazine during his asso- ciation with this publication, but the pageant is staged on November 19, learned. and will shorten the distance into the I for one am going to see what can editorial and mechanical duties of weekly editor and publisher have made Death Valley Monument for many be done about it. Attached are copies Southern Californians by 50 miles. of letters I already have written. Will it impossible for him to do feature writing the last six years. Norton's map will accompany a fea- write more. If we can get the National ture story written by Pat and George Geographic society interested in a move Following the sale of his property he purchased a jeep and plans to de- Sturdevant of the Trona Argonaut de- to save the Crater I feel it will be done. scribing the ghost towns and other LEWIS N. STEWART vote his time largely to illustrated western feature articles and travelogs, scenic features which will be made accessible by the new paved highway. Wausau, Wisconsin spending considerable time in the field gathering material. He and Ruth and The story and map, with photo- Desert: their three children will continue to graphs, is scheduled to appear in the I am fully in sympathy with your make their home in Yucaipa. November issue of Desert. editorial on Meteor Crater. I have • o • • • • visited the Crater and regard it as in- A later number of Desert will carry teresting and important as the Craters lion Barth, who has written about a story written by Betty Woods about of the Moon, Saguaro Forest, Organ Manuel and Alyce Archuleta of Albu- the experiences she and her husband Pipe Monument and Joshua Tree querque for this issue of Desert Maga- have had in touring the desert country Monument. I hope you people in the zine, is a newspaper woman employed in an auto trailer. Both of the Woods area can bring enough pressure on on the weekly Beacon at Grants, New are writers, and their trips often take your congressmen to make Meteor Mexico. them into remote regions where trailer Crater a National Monument. She sells advertising, reports local drivers seldom venture. JOSEPH M. SMITH M.D. Protection for Ancient Relics . . . can give you his theory, and it is Tucson, Arizona Long Beach, California backed by the opinions of scientists Desert: Desert: who have described similar formations I agree with your editorial view, I would like to call your attention to found in many places. Some of them that there are some natural assets in something. About 15 years ago my at least are the result of lightning strik- our great land which properly belong husband and I heard about some giant ing in moist sandy places. The heat to all the people of the United States, Indian figures on the hills along the generated by the high voltage lightning and should not be exploited for private Colorado river north of Blythe, Cali- partially melts the silica and leaves a gain — and surely Meteor Crater is one fornia. After walking miles in all direc- near glassy core. They are numerous of them. tions we found them and considered along sandy beaches in thunderstorm Our state of Arizona undoubtedly them wonderful. areas, and as you say are often found has been delinquent in not having A few weeks ago I was with friends in the sandy deserts also. I have heard taken the initiative to place this unique on my way to Blythe from Needles, them called "petrified lightning" in natural monument in the custody of and we saw a marker along the high- some localities. We enjoy Desert Maga- the National Park service many years way pointing to the figures, and a good zine immensely. ago. road leading to them. But I was dis- J. B. ARMBRUST I believe the present owners of the gusted to note that people have been Mr. Armbrust: The "sand- Crater have, now provided guide serv- digging up the gravel mesa and cut- spikes" you are discussing are ice for tourists, and have announced ting their names in the ground around known as fulgurites. Often they plans for some improvements there. the figures. Unless something is done are hollow. As you suggest, they But for many years they allowed it to to protect them I am afraid it will not are formed by the fusing of silica remain there unattended and accessible be long before they are destroyed. by the impact of lightning. In the only by a very rocky road. And now ELIZABETH CAILLAND sandspikes discussed in Harold they are hauling great quantities of • • • Weight's story in September Des- sand from the rim. This cannot con- Two Varieties of "Sandspikes" . . . ert Magazine, the crystaliiing tinue without destroying values which Clemenceau, Arizona agent generally is calcite. They are can never be restored. Isn't there some Desert: never as hard as fulgerites, and way this destruction can be halted be- "Sand Spikes!" Your correspondents never hollow. Also the shape dif- fore it is too late? seem to be at a loss for a theory as to fers from that of fulgerites. G. C. NORCROSS how they are formed. Well, the writer —R.H.

28 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Navajo Surgeon to Retire . . . GANADO—Dr. Clarence G. Sals- bury, who came to the Navajo Indian reservation 23 years ago on a tempo- ... tut rary assignment and who has been superintendent of the Ganado Mission ARIZONA Deer Hunters' Paradise . . . and medical director of Sage Memorial Hopi Teacher-Artist Honored . . . KAIBAB NATIONAL FOREST— hospital ever since, has announced he HOLBROOK —Fred Kabotie, 49- An opportunity to bag one of Ari- will retire next spring. During the past year-old Hopi Indian whose home is at zona's famous Kaibab buck deer will quarter century the doctor has been Shongopovi village, on Second Mesa be given to not more than 4000 hunt- successful in making the powers of the in the heart of the Hopi reservation, ers in two special open seasons this white man's medicine known in some has been nominated as a candidate for fall. The Kaibab North National for- of the most remote hogans on the 26,- the high honor of Indian of the Year. est, in the Grand Canyon National 000 square miles of Navajo land. A Game preserve on North Rim of the 12-bed hospital greeted the new super- This annual selection is made by the Canyon, is a special wildlife manage- Council of American Indian tribes ment area. The open season periods intendent in 1927. The hospital is now from a field of 12 candidates. Kabotie will be from October 6 to 13, and a 150-bed institution. Known as Dr. is the first outstanding Hopi painter from October 15 to 23. Two thousand Tso, or Dr. Big, the physician has to come from the desert mesas. He has permits will be granted for each period. been an outspoken critic of some of won honors at many art centers: Phil- Both resident and non-resident li- the U.S. Indian Service policies, par- brook at Tulsa, Grand Central gallery censed hunters may apply for the Kai- ticularly the lack in preparing Indians in New York City,' the New Mexico bab permits. Application blanks to for absorption into off-reservation life. museum at Santa Fe. His Kachina apply for a permit may be obtained —Gallup Independent. Dance water color won first prize at from any hunting and fishing license • • • the Arizona State fair art show in 1946, Petrified Forest Hours Changed . . . he won the Guggenheim Award of dealer, must be mailed to state head- Merit in 1945. Refusing to commer- quarters at Phoenix, Arizona. Non- HOLBROOK—Hours during which cialize his art, Kabotie teaches art and residents must include a $50 non-resi- the Petrified Forest National Monu- design in the high school at Oraibi, a dent deer hunting fee, in addition to ment is open have been cut to 12V4 neighboring Hopi village. He is revered the $5 application fee. Money will be hours daily, it is announced by Thomas and respected by his own people, has returned if permits are not granted.— E. Whitcraft, superintendent. Gates brought to them a new knowledge of Tombstone Epitaph. are open from 6:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. fine art. He works both in water colors • • • Distance between gates is 14 miles, and oils.—Tribune-News. visitors are not permitted to enter the Fox Joins Dogs in Pound . . . Monument after 6:30. YUMA—Dogs held in the Yuma city dog pound on banks of the Colo- Arizona Cotton Crop . . . rado river vociferously protested, but GOLDEN MESA DUDE RANCH Ride where the Indians PHOENIX—Arizona's 1949 cotton Poundmaster Woodrow Thorn admit- rode. Enjoy the scenery ted a gray fox just the same. The thin and space of the Old West. crop has been estimated at 450,000 Real Western hospitality. little animal was picked up in a cabin Only 75 miles from L.A. bales, an increase of 37 percent over on the Yuma mesa after a telephone Rate: $11-a day per person, last year's record crop of 328,000 includes 3 good meals, lodg- call had asked the poundmaster to ing and horseback riding. bales. Cotton was planted earlier this come and take out a coyote.—Yuma For reservations write: year, weather was favorable, most Box 167, Wilsona Route, patches had a full stand.—Yuma Daily Daily Sun. Lancaster, California Sun. • • • HERE'S MORE HOUSE Dinosaur Added to Museum . . . FLAGSTAFF—Bones of the small- . • . FOR YOUR MONEY est, most ancient dinosaur yet discov- ered have been given to the Museum of Northern Arizona by Dr. Edwin H. Colbert, American Museum of Natural History, New York. The bones were found at the Ghost ranch at Abiqui, New Mexico, in deposits of Triassic age. These deposits are called the Chinle formation, are the same as those in which the petrified forest south of Holbrook occurred. Although the popular idea is that dinosaurs were of HOMES of DISTINCTION tremendous size, this most recent find Built With Call for Estimates — Plans Available was only about six feet tall. Carefully Investigate now. Year 'round comfort, low packed in plaster and burlap, the heating costs. Cool in summer. Low cost bones are now at the Flagstaff museum maintenance. Build with "Precision Built" and by next summer will be on display concrete, pumice and red cinder blocks. Desert if work progresses according to sched- cinder blocks for desert homes. ule. The animal was small, slender, walked on its hind feet like a kanga- TRANSIT MIXED CONCRETE CO. roo, scientists have decided.—Coco- 3464 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena 8, California nino Sun. SYcaraore 3-8133 RYan 1-6329 Atlantic 2-5104

OCTOBER, 1949 29 Want to Lease a Cavern? PHOENIX—Ready and waiting for development by someone with from THE D€S€RT TRADING POST $75,000 to $100,000 are the Coco- Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 8c a word, $1.00 Minimum Per Issue nino caverns, just off U.S. Highway 66 between Peach Springs and Selig- man. The caverns are on state land, INDIAN GOODS GEOLOGIC & SCENIC COLOR SLIDES, 2 sam- ples, catalog, $1.00. Heald-Robinson, 112d have never been fully explored, but DEAR CUSTOMERS: Sorry we have no catalog. Lemon, Monrovia, California. are complete with stalactites, stalag- Because we handle Indian Artifacts and each piece is distinctive, cost would be prohibitive. FOR SALE: Desert Magazines, Volumes 4, 5, 6, mites, bats and a real Wild West his- We have lots of old and new rugs, baskets, 7, bDok bound complete: Volumes 8, 9 loose jewelry and ceremonial things. Plenty of complete, excellent condition, $27.50. R. S. tory. The caverns are for lease to rocks and minerals, gold specimens and nug- Grube, P.O. Box 124, San Jose, California. gets. We also have Chimayo blankets, coats someone who will develop them as a and purses. We will be glad to ship. Tell us tourist attraction. Some work was done what you want and send the money. Daniel's MISCELLANEOUS prior to the war by the old WPA, but Trading Post, 401 W. Foothill Blvd., Fontana, SILVERY DESERT HOLLY PLANTS. One dollar California. each postpaid. Greasewood Greenhouses, RFD, there is much more to-be done before FOUR VERY FINE ancient Indian Arrowheads, Barstow, California. the caves could be exploited. The Co- $1.00; 4 tiny perfect bird arrowheads, $1.00; 1 ancient stone tomahawk, $1.00; 2 flint skin- BROKEN? Eyeglass frames expertly welded conino caverns are believed to wind ning knives, $1.00; 1 large flint hoe, $1.00; 2 $1.00, return postage paid. Your risk. K. L. spearheads, $1.00; 10 arrowheads from 10 Cory, 4051 Cartwright Ave., No. Hollywood, seven or eight miles underneath the states, $1.00; 20 damaged arrowheads, $1.00; California. ground in the rolling cedar-dotted 10 fish sealers, $1.00; 10 hide scrapers, $1.00; 4 perfect saw edged arrowheads, $1.00. The 20 OLD WESTERN outlaw photos, $1.00. 20 dif- country. Explorers at one time found above 11 offers $10.00, postpaid. List Free. ferent Old West, Pioneer, etc. photos, $1.00. Lears, Kirby, Arkansas. 10 different battle of Wounded Knee 50c. several skeletons in the caverns, with 5 different Lincoln 25c. Lists 5c. Vernon Lem- U.S. mail pouches lying near by. Al- INDIAN DOLLS BY EDYTHE—Authentically ley Store, 302 Dallas Ave., Mena, Arkansas. dressed in everyday clothesr handmade, no FRED AND JESSIE PORTER welcome you to though never identified, the skeletons two exactly alike: Hopi, Taos, Isleta, Navaho the ••Pow-Wow" Trading Post, Yermo, 14 were presumed to be the remains of and Apache. About 5 inches tall, $1.25 each miles east of Barstow, Highway 91. Rocks! (man or woman) postpaid. Other Southwestern Rocks! Rocks! Rocks in the rough, slabbed, hold-up men of the early days.—Gal- tribes on special order at small additional preforms and cabochons. Fluorescent and rare cost. Address: Indian Dolls by Edythe, P.O. specimens. Caledonite, Linerite, Benitoite, up Independent. Box 401, La Mesa, California. Neptunite and many others. See your own cut. Gifts and Souvenirs. • • • COLOR SLIDES—Travel, Nature, Geology, etc. Bisnaga In the News Again . . . BOOKS — MAGAZINES Free list (with sample 30c, three for dollar). MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS for all publica- Kelly D. Choda, Box 5, Los Alamos, New MORRISTOWN —While the con- tions at publishers' prices. Courteous, prompt Mexico. troversy still continues over whether service. F. G. Voltmer, 10211 Seabury Lane, Los Angeles 24, California. KARAKULS—Producers of Persian Lamb fur or not the bisnaga or barrel cactus can are easy to raise, adaptable, to any climate BOOK OF CACTI for the amateur collector. or altitude. For further information write or cannot maintain human life by fur- Describes and classifies over 500 varieties, Addis Kelley, 4G37 E. 52nd Place, Maywood, over 200 photographs. Subjects on care, their California. nishing its liquid to thirsty desert trav- culture, how to plant in rock gardens and elers, another incident favoring the pots. Sent postpaid $1.00. Discount to dealers. CACTI AND SUCCULENTS—From the deserts Published by M. Nowotny, 1401 Broadway, of the world. Don-Rita brand. By appointment cactus has been reported. Lost over- San Antonio, Texas. only. Write us your needs and we will try to help you. Michael Donnelly Cacti Gardens, 331 night on the hot desert out of Wicken- URANIUM PROSPECTOR'S Handbook, $1.00; Lowell St., Daly City, California. burg, 60-year-old Edward Ashurst, at- non-technical, complete, Dept. T., Craft- RAFFIACRAFT—An easy, profitable hobby. torney, was found next day by search- Connor Publishing Co., 601 S. Vermont, Los Supplies, instructions and sample, $2.00. Angeles 5, California. Malik, Box 192, Carson City, Nevada. ers. He was chewing on the pulp of BOOKFINDERS—Scarce, out of print, unusual THICK, RAW WATER White Orange Blossom or books quickly supplied. Send wants. Clifton, Button Sage Honey in leak-proof cans, 3 lbs. the barrel cactus. He said that several Box 1377d, Beverly Hills, California. $1.10; 10 lbs. $3.00. Comb honey, 4 lbs., $2.75. hours earlier he had smashed open a Virgin Olive Oil, qt. $2.10; gal. $6.75. SUN- OUTDOOR RAMBLER—You'll enjoy every issue DRIED APRICOTS, UNSULPHURED, 8 oz. bisnaga and relieved his thirst with the of this western desert publication. 2 years 50c. LUSCIOUS ORANGE MARMALADE and $1.00; 60c year; 15c copy. Outdoor Rambler. APRICOT JAM, both made with honey, 10-oz. moist pulp. He carried some of the Box 192, Carson City. Nevada. jars 55c each. All items prepaid. Add 10% to pulp in his shirt as he started crawling TRUE VERSION of "Spanish Gold and Lost cost on orders east of Rockies. TONTZ Dutchman." Latest booklet. Informative and HONEY FARM, LAKE ELSINORE, CALIF. across the desert. He said he rubbed different, $1.00. Ludwig G. Rosecrans, Star KODACHROMES ON APPROVAL. Don't be dis- his face with the pulp to keep from Route, Mesa, Arizona. appointed, see what you are getting. Wild life, losing consciousness. Ashurst had just FOR SALE: Desert Magazines complete includ- scenes, sunsets, archaeological and geological ing first publication thru 1949. Perfect condi- subjects. Mesa Verde, Colorado Springs, Sierra broken open a second cactus when tion. Make offer. Mary C. Doderer, 425 E. Nevada, Glacier, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Columbia Ave., Pomona, California. Tetons, Bryce, Banff, Alaska, Arizona and found by members of a sheriff's posse. New Mexico. Just name area desired and we "GOLD PANNING FOR PROFIT." Healthy out- will send selection. Douglas Whiteside, A tire blowout left Ashurst stranded door hobby. Beginners' big illustrated instruc- Yosemite, California. on the desert.—Los Angeles Times. tion book—$1.00. Miners' gold pans, $2.00. Prospectors' powerful magnifying glass, $1.00. SPECIALS: Desert landscape, three-dimension • • • Package black sand and real gold, $1.00. 5x6x1 M2, $2.00. Cactus covered wagon $4.95. Desert Jim, 627 Lillian, Stockton, California. Arizona minerals, 12, identified, selected $1.00. Antelope, Elk Plentiful . . . Smokey topaz paper weight, $1.00. Desert PALM SPRINGS PICTORIAL: 21st Annual Issue, Diorama, 1225 N. Ainta St., Tucson, Arizona. TOMBSTONE — Big game hunters 45e by mail, or ask your newsdealer. Pictorial, 465 No. Palm Canyon Dr., Palm Springs, of Arizona had a chance at the fleet California. REAL ESTATE antelope in four specified areas of the ARIZONA MINERALS by A. L. Flagg. The FIVE ACRE Date Garden with nice crop. Full state late in September, and from No- Roekhound and his hobby. What, where and price $7500.00. Owner will buy crop for how to collect, identify and care for speci- $2000.00 or 8c per lb. Estimated 40,000 lbs. vember 17 to 30 will be permitted to mens. How to enlarge collection. Common One acre dates and grapefruit, small house minerals of Arizona with complete identifica- near 1000 Palms. Full price $2500.00. Write shoot elk, Arizona's biggest game ani- tion key. Common rocks of Arizona with table Ronald L. Johnson, Realtor, Box 162, Thermal, mal. Application blanks for elk hunting of igneous rocks. The amateur Lapidary. California. Mineral Societies, Biography and complete ing licenses are available from hunting list Arizona minerals. $2.00 postpaid any- 322 ACRES: Foothills of San Jacinto Mts. 11 where U.S. Fred Wilson, 25 N. Central Ave., miles from Hemet, 2 miles from highway. and fishing license dealers, the 2850 Phoenix, Arizona. Elevation 2800. Wonderful views, picturesque oak studded canyon with 4 room house, cabin, lucky hunters will be chosen by lot. PANNING GOLD — Another hobby for Rock- barns, bees, fruit and shade trees. Very good —Tombstone Epitaph. hounds and Desert Roamers. Know how to well, gasoline pump and reservoir. Year round pan gold, where to look for it and be able to dry climate. Cool breezes. $20.00 per acre. recognize valuable quartz ledges. The places Owner F. Anthony, 3546 Las Flores, Lynwood, TO LEASE FOR DRILLING—Potential Borax you go are where rich virgin ground is found. California. land. Sec. 35, T. 11 N., R. 7 W., S. B. B. & M. Two instruction booklets 25c or send your Five miles from Boron, Vi mi. from Kramer. name for free literature and catalogue of DESERT LOTS $129.00. Only four left. All Good terms. 1700 51st St., Sacramento 16, mining books and supplies for beginners. 5O'xl35\ Water, electricity. IV2 blocks from California. Old Prospector, Box 21B269, Dutch Flat, Hiway 60-70-80-89 and business center, being California. built now. Fast growing community. Beauti- OCOTILLO: Lots 100'xlOO- with Ocotillo Mutual ful and healthful spot, recommended for suf- Water Co. water rights $250.00. ALPINE: PALM SPRINGS and the desert. Articles, pic- ferers with asthma, arthritis, sinusitis and Acre and fraction Victoria Heights home sites tures, information. Sample 45c. Subscription bronchitis. Dry desert air. Sold in pairs only. with water to irrigate garden, fruit trees, etc., $3.50 a year. Villager Magazine, Palm Springs, $25.00 down, $10.00 monthly. Evelyn Subdivi- $850.00 per acre. Buy now. John C. Chalupnik, California. sion. Superstition Village. Mesa, Arizona. Ocotillo, via Plaster City, California.

30 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Famed Indian Scout Dies . . . Centennial Event Announced . . . claimed amount to approximately $54,- WILLIAMS—Believed to be prob- DESERT HOT SPRINGS — Octo- 000 for the City of Needles and $94,- ably the oldest Indian known, Jim Ma- ber 8 and 9 are the dates announced 000 for the California-Pacific Utilities hone, 120-year-old scout who helped for an old-fashioned '49er Centennial company. A bill authorizing the suit trail and capture Geronimo, last of the celebration which is to be held in this against the government has been ap- outlaw Apache chiefs, has been buried. desert village. General chairman of the proved by congress. To sue Uncle Sam, He died August 6 at Peach Springs, event is L. W. Coffee, and the affair the plaintiff has first to get his permis- was buried at the Seligman cemetery will celebrate the discovery of gold in sion.—The Desert Star. after he had been honored with both California 100 years ago. A parade of • • • Indian services by his Walapai brethren mounted horsemen and horse-drawn Watering Troughs for Deer . . • and military services in recognition of vehicles will be a feature of the two- INDIO — The Coachella Valley his services to the U.S. army. When day celebration.—Desert Hot Springs Game Propagation club is considering General Crook was put on the trail of Sentinel. a project to install watering troughs the warring Apaches with orders to along the Coachella branch of the All- subdue them once and for all, he called American canal where it skirts the upon Jim Mahone. Many other Indian Dam Flood Damage Suit . . . foothills on southwest edge of Coa- scouts had been captured, tortured and NEEDLES — Uncle Sam has said chella valley. J. H. Snyder, Coachella killed by the Apaches, but Mahone the City of Needles can sue him. So Valley County Water district manager, stayed on the job until the last rene- action in the southern California fed- has indicated some type of water gade band was brought under control. eral district court is expected to be troughs might be permitted. Death of An old man 40 years ago, Jim had instituted soon in an attempt to re- a three-point deer in the canal, where been for the past four decades a fa- cover flood damages caused by the he evidently sought a drink of water, miliar figure about the streets of Selig- construction of Hoover and Parker brought the matter up for considera- man, Ashfork, Williams and Prescott. dams on the Colorado river. Damages tion.—Indio Date Palm. —Williams News. • • • Coachella to Remove Palms . . . COACHELLA—A long-range pro- NEW LOW PRICE ON UTAH PICTURE STONE gram aimed at removing palm trees from main streets of the city and re- placing them with evergreens or Chi- nese maple has been approved by the Coachella city council. Palms, coun- cilmen decided, are too expensive to maintain.—Desert Barnacle. • • • Indian Country Art Display . . . Retail $5.76 Sq. Ft. LOS ANGELES — A selection of paintings by Louis Perceval, princi- Why not make your fireplace — Remodeled or New — look its best pally landscapes and Indians of the with this . . . Navajo country, will be on display at the Southwest museum in Los Angeles NATURAL SCENIC STONE during October. Both oils and water- The varied and rare effects obtained by using matched pairs of this PICTURE STONE veneer are very beautiful on Fireplace Fronts and Hearths, Murals, Borders, Columns, colors are included. The special ex- etc. This stone pictorially exhibits the beauty of our western mountains. It is a fine hibit may be viewed daily except Mon- grained silica sandstone, hard, dense, and durable. days from 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Substantial Discount to Dealers Send for descriptive folder DATES All we need is a simple sketch and dimensions to match you up a beautiful job. HOLIDAY GIFT PACK Prices are F.O.B. St. George, Utah FROM OUR GARDENS TO YOU UTAH SCENIC STONE CORP. 22 E. 1st N. St. George, Utah

COUNTY MAPS For Schools, Hunters, Fishermen, Public Offices, and Travelers CALIF.: with Twnshp., Rng., Sec, Mines, Roads, Trails, Streams, Lakes, R. R., Schools. Rngr. Sta., Elev., Nat. Forest, Pwr. Lines, Canals, Boundaries, etc. Sizes: 20x30 to 73x100 Inches Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, Del Norte, El Doradu Glenn, Kings, Lake, Marin, Mariposa, Merced, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Sacramento, San Benito, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sierra, Solano. Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Ventura, Yolo, Yuba—each SI. Tuolumne, Santa Barbara, Plumas, Pla- Fresno, Kern, Riverside—S2.50 - S5. cer, Modoc, Madera—$1.50. „„ A ™i». «t < «i Tulare, Tehama, Imperial—eac h $2. LoT s AnnSeles—sl an(m 1 S3- San Diego, Mendocino, Humboldt— Siskiyou—$2 and $4. 2V2-lb Pack. Postpaid $2.50 $2.50. Inyo County, $15; E or WVa $7.50; San Natural Deglet Noor Palm-Ripened Trinity, Shasta, Mono, San Luis Obispo, Bernardino, 73x110, $15; No. or So. Va Monterey, Lassen—S3. S7.50; NW., SW., NE., or SEVi, S3.75. CREAM OF THE CROP Also Oregon, Idaho and Washington County Maps Rancho Blanca Date Gardens 2417 San Pablo Avenue — TEmplebar 2-3870 OAKLAND 12, CALIFORNIA Cathedral City, California WORLD'S MINERALS

OCTOBER, 1949 31 T- \

CALIFORNIA the air base, 250 in the city. The homes Death Valley Pageant Nov. 19 ... Home-Building Authorized . . . will provide housing for the 3000 mili- DEATH VALLEY — A historical tary personnel to be stationed at the pageant commemorating the trek of VICTORVILLE — When President base. There will be in addition some the Manly-Jayhawker parties through Truman signed the military housing 300 civilian workers. Monthly payroll Death Valley in 1849—just 100 years bill, this desert community was assured is estimated at more than a million ago — is to be presented as a Centen- of a $5,000,000 home-building pro- dollars.-—Victor Valley News-Herald. nial celebration in Desolation canyon gram for the reactivated Victorville • • • Air Forces base. The government will the weekend of November 19. The af- underwrite 90 percent of the cost of Annual Salton Sea Races . . . fair is being sponsored by the Death the project. Actual construction is slat- DESERT BEACH—The American Valley '49ers, Inc., with active support ed to begin this fall. The Victorville Power Boat association's 1949 motor of four southern California counties — project involves 400 housing units on boat regatta will be sponsored again Los Angeles, Kern, Inyo, San Bernar- this year by the Coachella Valley dino. Supervisor John Anson Ford of Yacht club and dates of the speed event Los Angeles is secretary of the organi- are October 7, 8, 9 and 10. Kay Ole- zation. Money-raising efforts have been sen is the club's commodore. In the highly successful, and interest in the Tub Canyon Guest Ranch October races approximately 200 lead- historical observance is spreading to BORREGO VALLEY ing power boat racers will attempt to adjoining states, particularly Nevada, OPEN FOR 1949-50 SEASON break existing world's records on the from where a great deal of support has Special Luncheon Parties and Guest Salton sea, the world's fastest water already been offered. The pageant will Accommodations by Reservation Only course. Lying 258 feet below sea level, portray the hardships encountered by Exclusive Homesites the Salton sea has been officially recog- the early-day emigrants virtually One Acre or More nized as "the fastest body of water in trapped in the valley, will tell the Domestic Water the world." Some 35 of the 55 world's story of their escape.—Inyo Register. Write Noel and Ruth B. Crickmer records have been established on the • • • Borrego Star Route inland desert sea. The Indio chamber Julian P. O., California of commerce is lending support to the Camel Corral Proposed . . . No Telephone 1949 event.—Desert Barnacle. INDIO—To add photographic back- ground and atmosphere to the site of the Riverside County Fair and Na- tional Date Festival, construction of a SLEEP IN YOUR CA R IN LEVEL COMFOR7 colorful camel corral at the fairgrounds CALIFORNIA CAR BED is being considered. A model has been Transferable front seat unit provides completed by Harry Oliver, editor of luxurious AIRFOAM innerspring comfort: Desert Rat Scrapbook. The proposed FOR DRIVING—as a sturdy seat. FOR SLEEPING—as a double bed. camel shelter will probably have to No Cutting . . . Easily Installed wait until after construction of a new NEW! CUSTOM CRUISING SEAT $60,000 exhibit building has been Marvelous new twin front seats convert- completed. Real camels are a feature ing at a finger-touch to single OH double bed, reclining seats, or chaise longue. of the Date Festival held each year in Transferable—a permanent investment in comfort. Described in Newsweek, Popular February, if the corral can be built the Mechanics, Science Illustrated, etc. Easily fair board hopes to obtain camels as Installed. permanent livestock. — Indio Date Fa torv Installation CALIFORNIA CAR CO. Mail Order Shipments Palm. 2725 '. 54th St., Los Angeles 43 — Write for Brochure AXminster 3-4700

Lure of a Lost Mine . . . BRAWLEY—Defeated by the des- ert on his first try, a Brawley prospec- tor has returned to his search for "Hank's Lost Mine" which he believes is near Borrego Springs. On his first attempt in August, he was driven back M0«A$lN$ to civilization when he ran out of water and couldn't locate a well he Craitssvttett sought. After a short rest he returned to his quest. His story is that a friend, These Indians employ their age-old skill in the making of Hank, had told him how to reach a these unique and practical moccasins. They're the shoes mine which Hank visited six weeks out the Indians have made for centuries— of each year. In those six weeks Hank not a commercial product manufactured for curio stores. claimed he took out enough gold to A rawhide sole, cut and shaped to your own foot pattern, is hand-sewn with tough finance him for remainder of the year. sinew to a high, soft upper of beautiful rust-colored buckskin. A buckskin thong or —Indio Date Palm. native hand-worked silver conchos hold the flap in place. A rugged outdoor boot that will give years of wear. M3.5O per pair, includes the silver conchos. '12.50 with buckskin tie only. Order direct or ask for interesting /older. Send outline of foot plus your usual shoe size when ordering. FURNACE CREEK RANCH EU»O«AN „« i*t "gottuuttcc DEATH VALLEY Kaibal Luxurious desert oasis. Sunny days . . . cool nights. Riding . . .swimming . . .golf. . .tennis . . .exploring. Contact travel agents or Death Valley Hotel Co., Ltd., 510 West Old Pueblo Station, Box 5156 • TUCSON, ARIZONA 6th Street, Los Angeles, MAdison 2511.

32 THE DESERT MAGAZINE NEVADA Range Conditions Better . . . BATTLE MOUNTAIN — Range conditions in the 17 western states were much better this past spring and sum- mer and are holding up well this fall, according to the U.S. department of agriculture. Range feed in New Mexi- co, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and other grazing states was rated the highest since 1941, cattle are in good flesh. On the Navajo reservation and other reservations in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado sheep and cattle were in top condition — much of the usually barren Navajo land looked the best it has in years.—Battle Mountain Scout. • • • Speeding Cars Kill Rabbits . . . TONOPAH—Between Tonopah and Carver's ranch, a distance of 64 miles, 150 freshly-killed jackrabbits were counted on a recent Sunday morning, all victims of Saturday night automo- bile traffic. The desert rabbits are at- tracted to the highway by green growth along the shoulders. They come after sundown. Blinded by the lights of speeding cars, they become confused and are run down in great numbers. The rabbit population is apparently up, for more dead rabbits than usual have been seen this summer on most of the Climbin'is like coastin'-ivith Mobilgas paved highways of the Southwest.— FOR PERFORMANCE WITH ECONOMY, use the quality gasoline your car Times-Bonanza. needs—Mobilgas or Mobilgas Special. These two gasolines blanket • • • Large Chunk of Aragonite . . . the requirements of every car on the road today. Both are per- TONOPAH—A chunk of aragonite fectly balanced fuels, with superlative mileage and power features; weighing 16Vi tons — believed to be both are made by the same patented refining process. Their es- the largest ever mined — was taken from a 50-foot shaft on the C. C. sential difference is in anti-knock rating. With the help of your Boak property 40 miles north of here Mobilgas Dealer, you can quickly make your own test and find recently, and now rests on cribbing which of these two is best for you: especially built for it. Eddie Connolly, with one helper, Frank West, hoisted Mobilgas. If your car is like Mobilgas Special. If you are the huge burden from the shaft. He most of those now in service, you the proud owner of one of the has the Boak property under option. will get mileage, power, and anti- new extra-high-compression Aragonite takes a beautiful polish, the knock— with outstanding economy cars, or if, due to mechanical Nye county deposit is said to be of — by using Mobilgas. If your car i adjustments, your car knocks excellent quality. Connolly is installing runs knock-free on Mobilgas, then 'on the gasoline you are now one of the largest rock saws in the be smart and pocket the difference using;you'll be money ahead by country at his Tonopah shop, will re- in price between it and premium switching to Mobilgas Special duce the huge aragonite chunk to orna- gasoline. mental pieces.—Times-Bonanza. (premium).

FULL COLOR 2x2 Use the gasoline KODACHROME SLIDES thats best for your Yours on Approval! Scenic Views-Flowers-National Parks car —Mobilgas or Now, through the WEST-VIEW COLOR SLIDE CLUB, YOU can select the Kodachrome slides you would like to own after viewing or projecting them in your own home. Membership in [he Club is FREE Mobilgas Special and involves no obligation other than remitting for those slides you wish to keep, and returning the others. No minimum purchase required. West-View slides are reproduced from gorgeous, full- color photographs taken by such famous color pho- tographers as Josef Muench, Hubert Lowman and See your helpful Fred Bond. Write today for your first approval set of slides. No obligation. WEST-VIEW Mobilgas Dealer pt. D) Santa Monica, Calif. Copyright 1949, GENERAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION —serving the West since the start of the century

OCTOBER, 1949 33 Hawthorne Will Remain City . . . Reseeding Program Unsuccessful... Resort Hotel Construction . . . HAWTHORNE—Citizens of Haw- WASHINGTON —Attempts to re- LAS VEGAS—Apparently no drop thorne have voted by a close majority seed Nevada and some other western in the tourist business is anticipated by to retain the city form of government. range lands by dropping clay pellets those who make it their business to A recent special election called on the from airplanes reportedly have failed. watch the trends, for more than three question of disincorporation resulted A survey by Gerald M. Kerr, chief of million dollars worth of resort hotel in Hawthorne remaining a city. The range management for the bureau of construction is planned or underway vote was 311 for disincorporation, 345 land management, revealed the ex- in Las Vegas alone, according to the against. The village has 873 registered perimental area in Nevada showed no chamber of commerce. Biggest single voters.—Mineral County Independent. indications that any of the seeds in the project is' a new hotel estimated to clay pellets had germinated. The Ne- cost $2,000,000. It will be called the vada area was seeded with crested Desert Inn, is scheduled to open New FOR HEALTH — AND INCOME Year's eve. Permanent population of BUILDING DISCOUNT now offered. Desert wheat grass during November and De- foothills, 210 ft. front on oiled roads with cember of 1948. "From these experi- Las Vegas is now reported to be more elec, water-works, moderate restrictions, than 25,000. In 1940 it was 8000.— elv. 3200. ENJOY life free from fog, smogr, ences it appears that the millions of city turmoil—cash goes further. GOOD Salt Lake Tribune. MONEY in desert fryers, eggs, turkeys. acres of western lands in need of re- Maps, prices free. seeding will have to be planted with • • • Battelle. Box 105-D. Lucerne Valley. Calif. drills," Kerr said. The 11,000-acre Water High in Lake Mead . . . test is located in northeastern Elko BOULDER CITY—Lake Mead is county. Reseeding was tried on both at its highest point since 1941 and sagebrush land and on a large acre- run-off water into the reservoir is just DESERT HOmESITES age burned in August of 1948. Earlier holding its own with discharge through Fine water, excellent drainage, surfaced experiments had been carried out in the powerhouses, according to a recent streets, electricity, natural gas, telephones, Arizona and other western states. report from Hoover dam. Late summer new school under construction—an ideal While the pellet program was being rains, it was considered possible, might location where you can enjoy all today's carried out, seeds were drill-planted in raise the level in the lake even more.— conveniences in the clean atmosphere of a other plots. These now have a fair Caliente Herald. well-planned desert community. stand of grass. Crested wheat grass is • • • Lots range from $950. Write for informa- native to Russia, is used for most re- FALLON—Fred Wright, previously seeding projects on western grazing employed at Tule Lake, California, has tion. lands because it is a good grazing been named wildlife biologist for the PALM DESERT CORPORATION grass and is drouth resistant. It grows state of Nevada fish and game depart- Palm Desert. California a foot and more in height.—Caliente ment and has established headquarters Herald. in Fallon. His main work will be mi- gratory waterfowl investigation at the Sillwater Wildlife Management area. Development of the area has drawn the attention of U.S. Wildlife service engi- neers, a group recently inspected the In the project in Carson Sink. Smart • • • HEART For the first time since 1943, hunt- New OF DOWNTOWN ers of Nevada this season were per- mitted to legally shoot sagehens. Open Hotel ANGELE! season was August 21 and 22. Out-of- state sportsmen were not let in on the AccommodationsHere you will find 550 modern Fireproof rooms, featuring two-day open season. cleanliness, comfort and courtesy. NEW MEXICO Convenient to all downtown Creosote Bush May Have Uses . . . activities ... Excellent dining room and Coffee Shop LAS CRUCES—The lowly creosote [... Breakfast from 50c; luncheon^ bush or greasewood may contain com- from 75c; dinner from $1.00^ ponents of economic value. A study is AIR-CONDITIONED now being conducted at the State col- Cocktail Lounge. lege, New Mexico agricultural experi- ment station, to find out. First step in the research is reported in a new bul- Home ERICH J. KRUGER letin with a high-sounding title, "The of the GENERAL Nordihydroguairetic Acid Content of k the Creosote Bush." This acid is used TOWN MANAGER SAME to delay rancidity in animal fats, was OWNERSHIP much in demand during the war, but CASINO HOTEL PADRE under present conditions a very small BAKERSFIELO, CALIF. amount fills the market demand. So HOTEL JOHNSON the New Mexico scientists are seeking Motel VISALIA, CALIF. other more valuable components in the creosote bush, believe they are on the trail of some worthwhile discoveries. Creosote is one of the most abundant HAY WAR D growths on the Southwest desert.— SIXTH AND SPRING, LOS ANGELES Las Cruces Citizen. 34 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Inter-Tribal Ceremonial Praised . . . year average, but number of sheep bility." Profiting by information gained GALLUP — Blessed with perfect shorn was down 7 per cent below 1948 from these first experimental plantings, weather during its four days August and 37 per cent below the 10-year the program is to be continued on an 11-14, the annual Inter-Tribal Indian average. New Mexico's 1949 produc- enlarged scale. — Moab Times-Inde- Ceremonial with its afternoon and tion was 10,697,000 pounds compared pendent. night dances and exhibit of Indian with a 10-year average of 14,867,000 crafts, was this year the "most success- pounds; in Arizona the production was GOLDEN SUN ALL WINTER ful ever," in the opinion of visitors and 2,615,000, the 10-year average is 4,- HOMESITES for Health, Guest Ranches, small ranches for eggs, fryers, good land for members of the Ceremonial associa- 081,000 pounds.—Gallup Independ- alfalfa, A-l water at low lift. Million dollar ent. a month payroll soon at AIR BASE 40 min- tion. M. L. Woodard is association utes away. Pictures, maps of this high desert secretary. Plains Indians from Wyo- • • • area mailed free if you write CHAMBER OP COMMERCE, Box CR, LUCERNE VAL- ming, Montana, South Dakota and UTAH LEY, San Bernardino Co., California. Oklahoma joined with the Southwest Indians Favor Oil Lease . . . Navajos, Pueblos, Apaches and others FORT DUCHESNE — Acceptance in staging typical dances of their tribes of a joint offer made by the Carter Oil 'EVERYTHING FOR THE HIKER" and villages. Dances ranged from wild company and the Continental Oil com- war chants with frenzied leaping and pany to pay a $5.63-per-acre bonus on SLEEPING BAGS contortions to the sedate harvest and lease of 4160.06 acres of land on the healing ceremonies. Grand prize for all Uintah-Ouray reservation has been AIR MATTRESSES dance groups went to the dramatically- recommended by the Ute tribal coun- SMALL TENTS costumed Kiowas from Oklahoma. cil. The commissioner of Indian affairs and many other items Quality of craftsmanship shown at the in Washington must finally approve 28th annual Inter-Tribal exhibit was the lease. The Ute council also is con- better than ever before, showed an in- sidering bids on two other sections of VAN DEGRIFT'S HIKE HUT creasing interest among the Indians in land. In the proposal the companies 717 West Seventh Street their native crafts.—Gallup Independ- agree to drill a 7500-foot well within LOS ANGELES 14. CALIFORNIA ent. a year, and to pay a one-eighth royalty • • • on all oil produced. The tribal council A New Approach . . . has also recommended acceptance of a LORDSBURG—Casting himself in $447,000 bonus offered jointly by an unusual role, State Game Warden Carter and Stanolind Oil companies on Pinon Incense... Eliott Barker has issued a statement some 16,500 acres of reservation land declaring that "more fishermen should Bring the delightful fragrance near Bluebell, Duchesne county.— of the Pinon Forest into your get into the Charette Lakes and take Salt Lake Tribune. home or office. The burner is a some of those big trout and ring perch • • • miniature model of the outdoor out of there." According to Joe Hen- Utah Reseeding Is Praised . . . baking ovens used by prehis- dricks, game department fisheries bi- MOAB—While attempts in Nevada toric Indians, and still in use in ologist who recently completed a sur- apparently have met with failure, re- New Mexico pueblos. When vey of the two lakes, the lakes aren't seeding of high range lands on the Elk the little cones of genuine pinon fished "half as much as they could mountains in San Juan county, Utah, pine are burned in this tiny stand." They are located about 20 has been quite successful in the opinion oven the aroma is a breath of miles northwest of Wagon Mound, of stockmen who recently inspected the outdoor Southwest. New Mexico. The lakes have been the area under guidance of Ranger Kills kitchen and bathroom heavily stocked with both rainbow Julian Thomas of the La Sal National trout and perch starting in 1947.— odors and removes the smell of forest. Stockmen visited the Round stale tobacco. Pueblo Indians Lordsburg Liberal. Mountain, Long Park and Kigalia • • • burn pinon for nasal and bron- areas where artificial seeding has been chial ailments. Farm Wage Rates Higher . . . going on for the past few years. Vari- ALAMOGORDO —Farm laborers ous methods have been tried in reseed- Burner and 15 cones $1.50 in New Mexico this year are receiving ing desirable varieties of range grasses Burner and 54 cones.... 2.70 an average of $107 per month with — including broadcasting from air- Extra cones, 36 for...... 1.25 board, $8 more than last year and $5 planes, the method that produced no Postpaid to You above the U.S. average, according to results in Nevada. Reports of the in- the U.S. bureau of agricultural eco- spection said there is a "luxuriant DESERT CRflFTS SHOP nomics. Farm wage earners with houses growth of grass," and that there is "no Palm Desert, California furnished are receiving $ 126 per month, question as to the program's feasi- $4 below the national average. A sig- nificant change is that in the past five years output per farm worker has in- ONLY ONE WORLD FAMOUS creased 250 percent, the repprt stated. —Alamogordo News. Valerie Jean date Shop • • • Winter Cuts Wool Production . . . Our story of "QUALITY PRODUCTS ONLY" told and retold in largest LAS CRUCES — Wool production periodicals all over the world. Send a trial order for THE DE LUXE from the 1949 clip is the smallest on ASSORTMENT of finest dates and desert delicacies. record in New Mexico, Arizona and 1 pound delivered $1.30 3 pounds delivered $3.50 the other western sheep states. The drop was largely the result of sheep Order from VALERIE JEAN With Confidence losses during last winter's severe weather and the big blizzard. Average Write for Complete Folder THERMAL, CALIFORNIA weight per fleece was above the 10-

OCTOBER, 1949 35 To Improve Park Facilities . . . Engineers Face 'Operation Beaver'.. Dry-Farmed Wheat Produces . . . CEDAR CITY —A $100,000 im- FORT DOUGLAS—A colony of DUCHESNE CITY —Maturing on provement program that is expected to beavers living five miles above the a rainfall of 10Vi inches and promising be completed in time for opening of mouth of Red Butte canyon east of here a yield of 40 bushels to the acre, wheat the 1950 season is to be carried out has created a problem for Utah's army planted on Blue Bench, a sagebrush- by the Utah Parks company in Zion, reserve engineers, a problem not found covered mesa northwest of Duchesne Bryce and Grand Canyon National in military textbooks. One of several City, will return a profitable harvest to parks and Cedar Breaks, according to dams constructed by the beavers has two Washington state men who are Arthur E. Stoddard, president of Union diverted the left fork of Red Butte dry farming 600 acres of the county- Pacific railroad and Utah Parks com- creek, spilling its waters down the can- owned land. First attempt at dry farm- pany, a subsidiary. Facilities, lodges yon road for half a mile. The road has ing on the land failed in the spring and hotels will be improved and mod- been virtually washed out. Problem is of 1948, an unusually dry spring ernized, Stoddard said. He believes the to get the stream back into its channel and summer. Last fall the land was Utah parks are among the most scenic and rebuild the damaged road.—Salt reseeded to winter wheat. It has done areas in United States.—Salt Lake Tri- Lake Tribune. well on 10Vi inches of rainfall, which bune. • • • is the average precipitation for the Du- Pigeon Makes Long Flight . . . chesne area over the past 40 years. As SALT LAKE CITY—Crippled and a result, preparations for fall planting weary after a 2000-mile flight from of hundreds of additional acres was Philadelphia, a brown and white pigeon underway last month. Promoters of the was rescued on a Salt Lake City porch dry farming project are W. F. Herrett LET US roof recently. The exhausted bird wore and Fred Piatkin.—Vernal Express. a leg band with a Philadelphia address. • • • HELP YOU... Through local police the owner was to Utah Proud of Turkeys . . . be located.—Salt Lake Tribune. SALT LAKE CITY—Utah is proud of the quality of its turkeys, and the . . .plan your next state's cooperative marketing organi- zation of turkey producers is consider- IBooklet, IBrochure ing a plan to promote a Utah brand. Ray S. Tanner, Provo, is acting presi- or Folder. dent of the group. Turkey production in the state is expected to be 35 per- You'll be surprised at how cent above last year, "a marketing sys- nearly we can read your mind. tem that will promote Utah quality birds is necessary," Tanner believes. Just give us a rough idea of what Utah alone is expected to market some you want, some facts to work 24 million pounds of turkey meat this with, . . . and we'll do the rest. year. Nothing has been said about what the housewife will have to pay for her PRICE ESTIMATES Thanksgiving bird.—Salt Lake Tri- Got One? — Here's your Death bune. GLADLY GIVEN Valley .'49er decal. Display yours proudly and join thousands of WITHOUT OBLIGATION other Californians who are part- ners in four county Centennials TRUE OR FALSE ANSWERS We can also handle your other organization which will honor Questions Are on Page 14 Manly - Jayhawker immigrant printing needs. ASK US FOR parties of 1849 with spectacular 1—False. Death Valley was given its PRICES ON — pageant next November in Death name by members of the Ben- Valley. nett-Arcane party in the winter • Letterheads of 1849-50. 2—False. Mirages are seen every • Envelopes month of the year. • Statements 3—True. 4—True. • Invoices Keep your Back 5—False. Rainbow Bridge National • Mail Order Forms Monument is in Utah. 6—True. • Announcements Copies of desert 7—False. The fruit of the wild • Invitations grapevine is not poisonous. • Business Cards ' for Quick Reference 8—True. • Manifold Forms Attractive loose-leaf binders 9—False. The highest peak seen in Spanish grain leather, gold- from the California desert is Mt. YOU GET THE BENEFIT OF embossed, are available for Whitney. those Desert readers who want 10—False. The Snake clansmen are OUR YEARS OF EXPERIENCE assisted by the Antelope clan. to keep their back copies for the 11—True. maps and travel information 12—False. The plumes of salt cedar they contain. Each binder holds are lavender. Desert magazine Press 13—True. 12 issues. Easy to insert, and 14—False. Calcite is too soft for they open flat. arrow and spear points. 15—False. Bright Angel trail goes to Mailed postpaid for the bottom of Grand Canyon. PRIMERS $1.50 16—False. Indian sand paintings are For the Desert Southwest made with powdered pigment THE spread with the fingers. 17—True. 18—True. 19—True. Palm Desert, California 20—True. PALM DESERT. CALIFORNIA

36 THE DESERT MAGAZINE September meeting of the San Jose Lapi- dary society was to be held at the De Anza hotel September 6 with Roy Neilson of the state division of mines as guest speaker. He showed a motion picture, "Ghost Town," and told members about division of mines publications of interest to the mineralogist and lapidarist. Scheduled to display some of their work at the September meeting were Otto Ehlers, Robert Elder, Mrs. Elder, Alice Everett and R. J. Fox. Exhibitors for the October meeting will be Stan Fryer, Myron Fuller, Frank Gardiner, Marie Gendron, Russell Grube.

NEW GRIEGER CATALOG IS HERE'S INVITATION TO IF YOU ARE A ROCKHOUND HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION VACATIONING ROCKHOUNDS You Need the Published for the rock collector, the lapi- Rockhounds of the Southwestern desert LAPIDARY JOURNAL dary and the jewelry craftsman, the 1950 states who may be vacationing in the lush Tells you how to cut and polish rocks, Encyclopedia and Super-Catalog of the Northwest country are invited to attend one gives you the news of all the mineral and Lapidary and Jewelry Arts published by of the regular monthly meetings of the gem groups, answers your questions, tells Grieger's of Pasadena, California, is by all Rogue Gem and Geology club, Grants Pass, you how to make jewelry, carries 200 ads odds the most complete handbook for gem- Oregon, held each first Friday of the month of dealers in supplies, equipment, gems craft and its associated hobbies ever to come at 8:00 p.m. in auditorium of the public and minerals from all over the world. off the press. library. Well illustrated and beautifully printed. Started years ago as a mere catalog, the Most recent field trip of the club was Subscription $2.00 a year. Back num- Grieger year book has been enlarged this August 21 when 16 members went with bers 50c. Sample copy 25c to those season to 192 pages with many hundreds of Harold Wolfe, head of the local office of who have never subscribed or been halftone and line illustrations covering a the state- department of geology and min- sampled of record. wide range of technical information, and erals, to a mine in Evans creek valley where LELANDE QUICK. Editor making it in fact an encyclopedia of infor- specimens of molybdenite were obtained. Box 1228 Hollywood 28. Calif. mation for both the amateur and advanced They then went to the F. I. Bristol silica craftsman. quarry for more specimens. The trip took A special section is devoted to detailed them over the old stage road through the information for uranium prospectors in- historic town of Jacksonville, up to the Big IT HAS EVERYTHING! cluding the formations in which uranium Applegate river valley to Dutchman's peak. ore generally occurs, and the tests for identi- They stopped many places along the way • Intensity Meter • Light Weight fication. to collect mineral specimens. • Low Cost Batteries • Beta Shield Many new tools and products have been • • • e Head Phones • 1 Yr. Guarantee developed for the cutting and polishing of August field trip of the Long Beach, Cali- • Count Indicator • Low Price stones, and for jewelry craft, and Grieger's fornia, Mineral and Gem society was the IMMEDIATE DELIVERY has been able to obtain photographs which group's annual picnic, and regular meeting present these in remarkable detail. A section was held August 10 in the Belmont Recre- The DETECTRON DG-2 on "Jewelry Making at Home" will be of ation center. Mr. and Mrs. Walter Grindle interest and value to the amateur stone staged a nice exhibit for the July meeting, GEIGER COUNTER cutter and silver worker. while at the August meeting exhibitors were Much space also is devoted to the amaz- Wm. Iondiorio, Mr. and Mrs. Harold John- FREE! URANIUM ORE KIT ! ing new synthetic stone, Rutile, which many son, Wm. Jordan, W. G. Johnston, Mr. and As long as the supply lasts, a people in the trade believe will replace dia- Mrs. Charles Judd and Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Just. uranium ore kit will be included monds in popularity. FREE with each order for a DG-2. The book also includes two mapped field trips easily accessible to Southern Cali- . . . MINERAL SETS . . . WRITE FOR FREE INFORMATION fornians. Grieger's of course is in the busi- PROSPECTORS . STUDENTS . HOBBYISTS ness of selling the equipment and materials 126 different MINERAL SPECIMENS of Dealer Inquiries Invited listed in the book, and prices are all plainly selected high grade material. Hand labeled and identified as to ore, type and location. The DETECTRON Co. marked, but no reader will fail to appreciate Packed in % inch spaced compartment study the fact that this book goes far beyond the trays. . . . Complete set, Postpaid $8.00. 5637 Cahuenga Blvd.. Dept. 'D' scope of a mere catalog and is in reality a LOUIS A. SAUERS North Hollywood. California handbook to be preserved as part of the P.O. Box X Happy Camp, Calif. craftsman's library.

A combined picnic and program com- prised the August meeting of the Oklahoma Mineral and Gem society, Oklahoma City, when members gathered in the payilion on e 'Seen the island at Belle Isle park. Petrified Wood, Moss Agate. Chrysocolla Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry DEALERS ATTENTION HAND MADE IN STERLING SILVER Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings Have you seen the NU-FOAM and Brooches Gem Display Box? SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH A reasonably priced item. A fast CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES seller with an interesting margin of profit. Write for Folder With Prices Prices on request. ELLIOTT'S GEM SHOP R and B ART-CRAFT CO. 26 lergens Arcade LONG BEACH 2. CALIF. 11021 South Vermont Ave. Los Angeles 44 Entrance Subway at Ocean and Pine PLeasant 1-1326 Open 10 A. M. to 10 P. M. Daily

OCTOBER, 1949 37 ADULT EDUCATION CLASSES ADVERTISING RATE IN GEOLOGY-MINERALOGY 8c a Word . . . Minimum $1.00 Under the direction of the adult education GEM MART program of the Los Angeles City schools, classes in geology-mineralogy are meeting in three of the Los Angeles evening high ARIZONA ROYAL FLOWER AGATE, world's TEXAS AGATES—Five pounds selected from schools. The schedule: North Hollywood finest colors and designs. Newly mined native all locations, including plume, iris, fortifica- chunks of agate with ferns, flowers, feathers, tion, scenic, opal assortment, etc., postpaid, high school on Mondays; Hollywood high plumes, blooms, blossoms, bushes or shrub- $5.00. Visit. 20 tons to select from at 25c school on Tuesdays and Thursdays; Belmont bery with after frost effect on sumac, ferns, per pound. El Paso Rock and Lapidary Sup- sycamore, oak, quaken aspen and many others. ply, 2401 Pittsburg St., El Paso, Texas. Phone high school on Wednesdays and Fridays. Colors are canary to golden yellows with 5-8721. The time is from 7:00 to 10:00 p.m., classes bright and blood-red inlays, other colors are free and open to the public. sometimes mixed in. Chunk prices $1.00 to MONTANA MOSS AGATES in the rough for $5.00 per ounce. Slices priced $1.00 to $5.00 gem cutting $1.50 per lb. plus postage. Also Work in the classes is designed to meet each depending on size and rarity. Moss agates Slabbed Agate 25c per sq. in. (Minimum order the needs of both experienced and inexperi- of many colors now in stock, also deep red $1.00). Elliott's Gem Shop, 26 Jergins Arcade, (ruby) garnets, amethyst crystals, petrified Long Beach 2, California. enced rockhounds, is valuable to adults who woods, malachite, blue agate (Chrysocolla) and may care to make a hobby of collecting and others. We will slice, chunk, cut stones or sell GOLD NUGGETS! Beautiful, solid gold speci- in rough with a money back guarantee, a chip, mens, $1.00 each or 3 for $2.00. Special col- studying rocks. Classes will also include the chunk or slice of any rock for any price. lection 12 nuggets from California, Oregon, principles of geology, with particular atten- Arizona Agate Mines, Cave Creek, Arizona. Nevada and Alaska, $5.00. Desert Jim, 627 tion given to the geology of southern Cali- Lillian, Stockton, California. fornia. MICRO-MOUNTS and specimens for MINIA- ATTENTION ROCK COLLECTORS. It will pay • • • TURE COLLECTIONS identified. Vanadinite, you to visit the Ken-Dor Rock Roost. We buy, Malachite, Azurite, Wulfenite, Tourmaline, sell, or exchange mineral specimens. Visitors The dates of November 11, 12 and 13 Copper, Cinnabar, Pyrites, Quartz, Galena. are always welcome. Ken-Dor Rock Roost, $1.00 postpaid in U.S. Fred Wilson, 25 N. 419 S. Franklin, Modesto, California. have been set for the Clark County Collec- Central Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. tors show to be held at the U.S. Naval Re- MINERAL SPECIMENS, slabs or material by BEAUTIFUL SLABS of Arizona variegated the pound for cutting and polishing, RX Units, serve armory in Las Vegas, Nevada. Fea- Agates, $1.00 each postpaid. Arizona Agate Felker Di-Met and Carborundum Saw Blades, tures of the show include a display from the Mines, Cave Creek, Arizona. Carborundum wheels Cerium Oxide. Mount- U.S. bureau of mines metallurgical division FOR SALE: Beautiful purple Petrified Wood ings. Approval selection sent upon request. experiment station at Boulder City; display with Uranium, Pyrolusite, Manganite. Nice You are "welcome. A. L. Jarvis, Route 2, Box sample $1.00. Maggie Baker, Cameron, Ariz. 350, Watsonville, California, on Salinas High- of specimens and lecture by Dr. H. H. way. Nininger of the American Meteorite mu- PLUME BANDED and Moss Agate for sale at seum, Arizona; guest exhibit by the Cedar Ranch. Write or come. J. A. Anderson, Box MINERAL SETS—24 Colorful Minerals (identi- 182, Alpine, Texas. fied) in lxl compartments — Postage paid, City, Utah, Rock club. $3.50. Prospector's Set of 50 Minerals (identi- fied) in lxl compartments in cloth reinforced The Clark County club is placing on dis- sturdy cartons. Postage paid $5.75. Elliott's play its half-ton block of pure selenite crys- CHOICE CABOCHON MATERIAL Gem Shop, 26 Jergins Arcade, Long Beach 2, tals and a memorial display honoring the Fine crystalled minerals. California. late Dr. Wm. S. Park, noted amateur geolo- Mineralight and fluorescent minerals. BRAZILIAN AMETHYST & CITRAIN, 1st, 2nd gist and lapidary. and 3rd grade, 75c, 30c, 5c gram. Green Can. MINERALS UNLIMITED Tourmaline, Golden Beryl, Morganite, Aqua- Lelande Quick, editor of the Lapidary marine, 40c gram. Chrysoberyl, 50c ct. Aus- Journal, is scheduled to attend the show. 1724 University Ave., Berkeley 3, CalU. tralian gems, Blue Sapphire 75c ct., mine run Sapphire and Zircon 50c gram. Large termi- • • • "Selections personal as your own" nated Zircon crystals and Hyacinth Zircon 50c gram. Burma and Siam, black and green Here's good news for rockhounds in the star Sapphire, large pieces $2.50 gram. Pigeon vicinity of Trona, California. Three new Blood Ruby, $6.00 ct. Balas Ruby 75c ct. books are now available at the Trona Small Hyacinth Zircon 50c gram. Africa gems, "FAST-MOUNTS" Tourmaline, $1.50 ct., poor grade Emerald, library, according to Mrs. Lillian Best, Make your favorite stones into Scatter-pins, small $1.00 ct. Tiger Eye, $4.00 lb. Ceylon, librarian. The books: Quartz Family Min- cheap gray Sapphire 5c ct., best grade star erals, by H. C. Drake; Minerals and How to Earrings, Cuff-links and Buttons. Easy — Sapphire 75c ct., colored fancy Sapphire, Spinel, green Tourmaline, 75c ct. Moonstone, Find Them, by E. S. Dana; Getting Ac- just cut stones to fit and crimp in bezel. cut 75c ct., balls 25c ct. American and Mexico, quainted with Minerals, by G. L. English. SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY ASSORTMENT Peridot 10c gram. Mexican Topaz, 5c ct. Mon- tana Sapphire 60c ct. Coming, Australian • • • $5.00 (plus Tax) Opal. Desert Rat's Nest, Box 1123, Encinitas, California. See Kizers Filling Station. What kind of rocks to look for on field "FAST-MARK" GEM TEMPLET $1.00 trips and how to determine values through Ideal for laying out and cutting your gem- BEAUTIFUL AUSTRALIAN Opal Cabs, 10x8— tests of weight, hardness, color, luster, trans- stones to accepted shapes. $3.00 to $7.20. 12x10—$4.80 to $9.00. Opal parency and shape was the information given rough for cutting $1.20 and $2.00. Ace Lapi- Ask Your Dealer or Order Direct dary, Box 67, Jamaica, New York. to members of the Santa Monica, California, Gemological society when Geology Prof. 8/TNERS BRAZILIAN AGATE, Specimen pieces, also good for coloring, $1.00 a pound. Pieces run from W. R. B. Osterholt of Santa Monica City (Gemstone and Lapidary Specialties) one to ten pounds each. Black Onyx Blanks, college talked at their August meeting. A P.O. Box 1191-D Santa Monica. Calif. 16x12 and 14x12 size—$2.50 dozen. Mail orders series of instruction periods has been filled promptly. JUCHEM BROTHERS, 315 W. planned for future meetings. Society mem- Fifth St., Los Angeles 13, California. bers will conduct the discussions. FIRE OPAL—We are now specializing in all grades of Australian cutting fire opal. We stock this lovely opal in all price ranges. Also cutting material and specimens. No mail START a Rock Collection: For yourself or shut- orders. West Coast Mineral Co., 1400 Haci- in. No. 1 box for $1.00. No. 2 box for $2.00, enda Blvd. (State Highway 39), La Habra No. 3 box for $5.00. Postage paid in U.S.A. Heights, California. Money refunded if not pleased. F. P. Town- MINERAL SPECIMENS and cutting material of send, Box 849, Twentynine Palms, California. all kinds. Gold and Silver jewelry made to order. Your stones or ours. 5 lbs. good cutting 25 GENUINE OZARK rocks, crystals and fossils material $4.00. J. L. James, Box 117, Carson sent postpaid for $2.00. John Jennings, City, Nevada. Eureka Springs, Arkansas. IF YOU ARE A ROCKHOUND you need the 10 SPECIMEN Assortment of Peacock copper, Lapidary Journal. Tells how to cut and polish all different. Nice size. All colors of the rocks, gives news of all mineral-gem groups. rainbow, $6.00. Also 10 specimen set of fluo- Tells how to make jewelry, carries ads of rescent materials, $6.00. Ask for list of other dealers in supplies, equipment, gems, minerals fine specimens and cutting materials. Jack from all over the world. Well illustrated, The Rockhound, P.O. Box 86, Carbondale, beautifully printed. Subscription $2.00 a year Colorado. —back numbers 50c. Sample Copy 25c if you This Label Stands for Quality have never subscribed or been sampled. GOOD MONTANA AGATE: We just came back We're waitin' for you at ... LELANDE QUICK, Editor, P.O. Box 1228, from Montana with a nice selection of good Hollywood 28, California. Agate. We also have Carnelian from New Town & Country Market also Farmer's Mar- Mexico, Plume from Texas, Pigeon Blood ket. Brazilian Phantom Quartz $1.50 — sand FIFTY MINERAL SPECIMENS, %-in. or over, from Utah, Chrysocolla from Arizona. Make pictures — Indian Jewelry, etc. Will make boxed, identified, described, mounted. Post- your next rock hunting trip in our yard. most anything to your specifications. We paid $4.00. Old Prospector, Box 21B270, Dutch Have tons to select from. Geo. C. Curtis, The have 1 Automatic lapping machine at a bar- Flat, California. Agate Man, 645 1st St., Hermosa Beach, Calif. gain. Address everything: FOUR FLUORESCENT MINERAL Collections FLUORESCENT TURITELLA and other type now ready for shipment to you. The flashiest Paperweights, $2.50 each. Exclusive pattern. CHUCK JORDAN of them all. New discovery of Calcite. These Letter Openers, $2.50 to $3.50. Sawed slab specimens will react under any U.V. light. Fluorescent Turitella, approximately 3x3x%, 350 So. Fairfax Ave., Los Angeles 36, Calif. Order by size, $1.00, $2.00, $3.00, $5.00 sizes. $1.00, plus postage. Will exchange cut and YOrk 0-923 Jack The Rockhound, P.O. Box 86, Carbon- polished articles for good rough onyx. Clay dale, Colorado. Ledbetter, 2126 McKenzie, Waco, Texas.

38 THE DESERT MAGAZINE NOTS ROCKHOUNDS HAVE LOS ANGELES LAPIDARY AMONG THE ACTIVE SIX MONTHS SOCIETY SHOW SUCCESS The NOTS Rockhounds (California) The seventh gem show and picnic spon- ROCK HUNTERS were a busy group during the first six sored by the Los Angeles Lapidary society months of 1949. Two field trips to Lead was held September 24 and 25 at the Monte- Pipe springs were outstanding, with other bello stadium in Montebello, California, with TWO GOOD MEETINGS field trips to Death Valley, Calico, Last the best exhibits ever gotten together by ENJOYED BY GROUP Chance canyon and the King Solomon mine this active group. Gem stones cut from vir- Two outstanding meetings were enjoyed at Johannesburg. tually every type of cutting material in the in July and August by members of the At the NOTS hobby show the Rock- world were on display, and there were repre- Southwest Mineralogists, Los Angeles, Cali- hounds furnished the central exhibit. The sentative displays from almost every lapi- fornia. At the July meeting Victor Arcini- display included cases of local minerals, dary and gem society in southern California. ega, widely known teacher of the earth outstanding specimens and cabochons. Experts conducted discussions and demon- sciences, lectured on how to distinguish Punch was served from the Rockhounds' strations on gem cutting and jewelrycraft. natural gem stones from their close rivals, special punch bowl — a 400-pound geode Modern equipment was shown in operation. the synthetics. Mrs. Al Hake, hostess, served from the Lead Pipe springs area. An old-fashioned picnic topped off the refreshments. The club did well at the National con- friendly show. At the August meeting Albert Hake en- vention in Sacramento. Ralph Dietz won a The big show followed an interesting tertained with colored travel slides and cup for his display of spheres, Ralph Mer- August meeting of the society at which more of his mineral transparencies. He has rill won a cup for his display of miniatures Victor Arciniega, mining engineer and collected minerals for the past 30 years, and the club was awarded a ribbon for its teacher of drystalography in Los Angeles turned to cutting and polishing, now has an recently-produced sound motion picture, public schools, talked on "Locating Gem outstanding collection which has won him "Rock Art." Stones in California." many awards at shows. Recently Mr. Hake At regular meetings during the year out- has turned to mineral transparencies as a standing speakers have been heard on varied hobby, now has 600 patterns in his slides. topics. FIND RADIOACTIVE MINERALS He told members at the meeting that only • • • about one in every five pieces cut is of with a Sniffer Geiger Counter A new mineral society has been organ- $10,000.00 U.S. Govt. Reward sufficient color and transparency to trans- offered. NOW, you can pros- FEATURES mit light. About 95 percent of the material ized in Florida. It is called the Miami Min- pect for uranium and other • Extremely used is of the quartz family minerals, he eral and Gem society. Henry B. Graves is precious minerals at low cost. Sensitive society secretary, invites correspondence. No technical knowledge need- • Lowest said. ed. SNIFFER is supersensi- Price tive. Weighs only 2 pounds. • • • Operates from coat pocket. • Economical The Georgia Mineral society, which holds Uses only 2 ordinary flashlite . Lightest "OVERLOOKED FORTUNES!" batteries—less than lc per weight monthly meetings in Atlanta, is working to hour. Loud noise-free audible • Smallest establish a museum in space offered by Dr. In the Rarer Minerals signal eliminates meters and size Lane Mitchell at Georgia Tech. The club There is other mineral wealth in "them calculations. Liberal factory • Liberal thar hills" besides gold and pretty rocks! guarantee. guarantee already has the start on a good collection of There are "overlooked fortunes" in the many specimens, must set up cases in which to newer and rare minerals, such as Colum- Ruggedly Built — Easy to Carry & Use — display the specimens. bium, Tantalum, Vanadium, Molybdenum, Uranium, Nickel, Cobalt, Bismuth, Didymi- Order Today um, Selenium, Rhodium, Osmium, Rutheni- AT NO EXTRA um, Platinum, etc., to mention just a few of the 35 or more rarer elements and their 4Y0URS COST 300 or more commercial ores which the aver- 123 page illustrat- age prospectors and mineral collectors are ed cloth bound walking over in the hills today and mine book included owners, large and small, are throwing upon with each Sniffer GORDON their waste-dumps unidentified! Many more Geiger Counter. valuable than a gold mine: Cassiterite $600 Contains valuable, up-to- a ton; Columbite or Samarskite $1,000 a ton; the-minute data direct from GEM AND MINERAL SUPPLIES Bismuth ores $2,000 a ton; Tantalite or U.S. Atomic Microlite up to $6,000 a ton, etc. Now you Energy Com- can learn how to find, identify, and start mission and cashing in on them! Send for FREE copy other perti- "Dependable Lapidary Equipment" "Overlooked Fortunes"—it may lead to nent informa- ONLV knowledge which may make you rich! tion. Write for Our Price List $54.50 DUKE'S complete postpaid (All orders shipped same day received.) We RESEARCH LABORATORY ship C.O.D. on $5.00 deposit. 1850 E. PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY LONG BEACH 6, CALIFORNIA Box 666. Dept. B TROUP ENGINEERING CO. HOT SPRINGS. NEW MEXICO 2223-D S. Grand Ave.. Long Beach 4. Calif.

ADD THE Handi-scope REGALITE • New beauty in collections TO YOUR KIT . . • Instant identification A New Gem From Utah • Faster analysis FOR EXAMINING ROCKS. The nearest thing to jade yet dis- Uncover new wealth MINERALS. ORES. GEMS covered. Identified as jadite by Clip the amazing Handi-scope to your pocket on your next field some authorities but it is quartz. SEND trip. Rugged yet precision made, FOR this pocket microscope provides 20 Beautiful shades of green, white power magnification over a wide, BULLETIN undistorted field. Simple button with green veining. pure white. D200 fine-focusing adjustment reveals mineral formations and structures See this superfine new gem material at the MINERAIJGHT does all this with in sharp definition. Excellent for such ores as Scheelite, Uranium, Los Angeles Lapidary Show. Mercury, Zircon, Hydozincite, lapidary work. Finished in perma- Willemite and many other minerals nent instrument black. Order Now! Sent on a money back guarantee and materials. See these com- of satisfaction pletely portable lamps at your HANDI-SCOPE, complete with MINERAMGHT DEALER, 12 pocket clip $4.95 postpaid $2.50 per 1b. or 50c per sq. in. postpaid models from $12.50 up. Send Check or Money Order to Minimum order $2.50 BUHL OPTICAL CO. ROYAL GEM COMPANY Makers of Fine Optical Instruments 1517 Cross Roads of the World Desk C-122,1009 Beech Are., Pittsburgh 12, Pa. HOLLYWOOD. CALIFORNIA

OCTOBER, 1949 39 The Feather River Gem and Mineral so- HUMOROUS TALK PROVES FIELD TRIPS FOR ciety continued its meetings through August, TO BE INFORMATIVE BAY AREA SOCIETY meeting once August 11 and again August 25. A highly amusing but informative lecture The East Bay Mineral society, Inc., Oak- on "Mining Law" was given by Victor J. land, California, started off its new club Hayek, attorney, before members of the year under leadership of Jerry Smith with Pacific Mineral society, Lomita, California, two field trips. The July trip was a visit to at their August meeting. Hayek is secretary the Henry Kaiser company quarry near of the Mining association of the Southwest. Orinda. Forty cars of enthusiastic rock- SyNTHETIC RUTILE He told of early gold rush days in California hounds took advantage of the opportunity More flash than the diamond when laws were made to fit the occasion— to explore the working quarry. Specimens and the territory. In 1872 the mining laws taken were green agate, ferrous iron, cubes Write for prices of gems set in 14K gold rings were revised, very few changes have been of pyrite, quartz crystals, both three-sided We also have the material in the rough made since. and hollow. The attorney told how the gold rush On an August Sunday society members GEIGER COUNTERS brought people pouring into California, and went to the New Almaden quick silver For sale or rent said that in the mining areas gold dust and mines. Members filled their sacks with fine Uranium ore for sale nuggets were used in place of money. specimens of cinnabar, calomel, serpentine Collections made by members on field and eglestonite, plus a few specimens of Our shop is open every day trips were displayed at the meeting. native mercury in place. Excellent weather I. C. FILER & SON • • • made a picnic lunch pleasant. A third field trip was planned for the Loma Linda. California Highway 99 MINERAL GROUPS HELP Labor day weekend. It was to be a two-day STAGE MINING CELEBRATION trip to Engle mine in Plumas county, camp- The Rand District Mineral and Gem asso- ing overnight. Copper minerals, zeolites, ciation, the NOTS Rockhounds and Trona's rose quartz and petrified wood are among Searles Lake Gem & Mineral society all the specimens to be found. MINERAL SPECIMENS helped stage the Rand District Old Time • • e GEM MATERIALS Mining celebration held in Randsburg Aug- A new year began in August for the ust 20 and 21. A mineral and gem display Hollywood, California, Lapidary society, A huge selection of BEAUTIFUL MINERALS, and an old-time rock drilling contest were and these new officers now head the group: RARE MINERALS, COMMON MINERALS big features of the event. It was sponsored Tom Virgin, president; W. A. Stephenson, by Rand post 298, American Legion. The vice president; Mrs. Mary Lovett, corre- and GEM MATERIALS. three gem clubs were co-sponsors of the sponding secretary; Dorothy Van Nostrand, — One Price lo All — topnotch mineral display in the Randsburg recording secretary; Russell Kephart, treas- American Legion hall. Exhibits by members urer; Art Tanner, Raymond Reese, Stuart WE'LL WELCOME YOUR VISIT of the groups and other rockhounds filled Peck, directors. The society is planning its the entire first floor of the building. BURMINCO first show October 16 and 17 at Plummer • • • park. On Sunday, August 29, members en- 128 S. Encinitas Monrovia, California The Searles Lake Gem and Mineral soci- joyed a field trip to Corona del Mar. e • e (In same block with postoffice) ety and the NOTS Rockhounds of California got together for a potluck dinner at Valley A discussion and step-by-step demonstra- Wells for their August meeting. A swim- tion of faceting given by Frank Wilcox of ming pool provided recreation for the more Oakland was feature of the July meeting of ambitious members. A proposed trip to the Castro Valley, California, Mineral and Telescope peak was discussed, and members Gem society. July field trip was to the 'Pine Ofiat -TKexica were told of an active year ahead. Berkeley hills for nodules. • • • 10 small pieces—average Vi"-3/4" $1.00 The heat of Minnesota's summer failed 5 larger—average Vt"-l" 1.00 THE O'BRIEN FACETING HEAD to dampen the enthusiasm of the Minne- 6 still larger—1"-2" or over 2.00 . . will be shown in our new store, apolis Mineral club members. In July, 14 1 small vial clear fire opal 1.50 opening by October 1. carloads of rockhounds made a trip to the 50 rough mixed Mexican Opals, in- gravel pits near Franconia where they cluding honey, cherry, etc.. aver- Drop in and look over our stock of gems, searched for agate, while the August trip age 1" 1.50 gem rough for faceting and cabochons, was to Lake City on Lake Pepin. silver and findings, lapidary and jewelry • • • ALL 5 LOTS POSTPAID—$6.00 equipment and tools. August meeting of the Sequoia, Califor- Although these are sold chiefly as cabinet Custom slabbing, faceting and cabochon nia, Mineral society was a potluck dinner at specimens and have plenty of fire, many cutting. Fowler park, Fresno. of them will work up into new cabochons. O'BRIEN Money Cheerfully Refunded if Not LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT CO. Entirely Satisfactory 1116 N. Wilcox AT*. Hollywood 38. Calif. HAROLD D. MARYOTT & CO. Polished Mexican Opals and other gem GL 3986 Manufacturing Jewelers stone cabochons on approval to responsible persons. Wholesale Exclusively Miami, Arizona DR. RALPH E. MUELLER Ring Mountings and Findings 3701 Valentine Road Kansas City 2. Mo. RING MOUNTINGS: Sterling Stiver, finished, ready to set. Men's from $8.65 to $15.00 per doz. Ladies from $5.65 to $13.80 per doz. Ladies 10K Solid Gold $3 and $4 each. Rock Cutting - Rings Mounted to Order NECK CHAINS: Sterling Silver $3.50 doz. DIAMOND BLADES 1/20 12K Gold Filled $4.50 doz. ROCK and GEM HOBBY SHOP BEZEL OR GALLERY: Sterling Silver $2.00 oz. 1/20 10K Gold Filled $2.90 oz. FELIX BRADDI, Owner CLEVICES: For Pendants, Gold Filled $1.25 Stones Ground and Polished Heavy-Dnty Snper- Standard doz. For Ear Rings, GF or SS $1.20 doz. Uranium Ore Tested - Western lewelry Super-Chgd. Charge Charged PENDANT FRAMES W/CHAIN: Sterling or 6" $ 8.70 $ 7.70 $ 6.75 GF $12.00 doz. Highway 60, Box. 54 Ph. Moreno 338 8" 12.75 9.90 8.95 EXTRA EASY FLOW SILVER SOLDER: V* SUNNYMEAD, CALIFORNIA 10" 15.75 12.95 11.95 oz. 50c; $1.90 per oz. 12" 21.80 18.95 15.75 LOW KARAT GOLD SOLDER: 50c per DWT. 14" 32.30 24.95 21.85 JOINTS, CATCHES AND PINSTEMS: $1.00 16" 36.40 27.85 24.75 per dozen sets. 20" 66.30 44.20 33.95 CUFF LINKS: For large oval stone $8.25 CRYSTALLIZED MINERAL SPECIMENS 24" 79.30 55.90 43.75 per dozen pairs. Cutting Material 30" 127.25 106.95 .Arbor TIE CHAINS: For 12xl6MM Stone $6.00 doz. 36" 192.20 159.95 Size? JUMP RINGS: From 90c to $1.25 per gross. LARGE ASSORTMENT F.O.B. Redlands, Tax in Calif. Ask for Price List No. 2 for Send 3c stamp for MOJAVE DESERT GEM & MINERAL SHOP Lapidary Catalogue. Additional Information O. R. JUNKINS & SON Highway 91, One Mile West of LAPIDARY ENG., Box 1295 Newport. Oregon Yermo, California COMGM REDLANDS. CALIF.

40 THE DESERT MAGAZINE ROCK COLLECTORS — ATTENTION ! I am covering California, Oregon and Washington this summer with the finest variety of rock and mineral specimens in the West, for sale, in the Trailer Rock Store. Send your address—I will notify you when AMATEUR GEM CUTTER in your district. THE ROCKOLOGIST (Chuckawalla Slim) • By LELANDE QUICK, Editor of The Lapidary Journal- 1152 So. Second Avenue, Arcadia, California George Lobdell of Albany, N. Y., writes, opportunity can come to anyone and desert "I have made numerous imitation star sap- adventurers should always be on the look- phires by using asteriated quartz backed out for some new gem material. Almost with thin blue mirror. I have noted lately without exception all the great gem finds in RX-47 that the same stone is made by using blue the world have been made by people who enamel that is baked on. Can you tell me were seeking something else, usually gold. A Complete what this process is and what enamel to use? But there is an increasing horde of gem Lapidary Shop Do you have to put a polish on the back prospectors abroad in the land. in One of the stone?" • • • Compact To answer the last question first you Then there is the story of the new jadeite Machine should put a polish on the back of the stone deposit in Utah. At least it was thought to The most practical if you want to enhance the reflection of be jadeite and there still is much room for ever devised for light from any manner of backing you doubt although when the mineral analysis gem cutting and adopt. There are several commercial pro- is set down on paper and Dana's analysis polishing. cesses on the market where the back of the for jadeite is set down beside it they agree Send for Circular A gem is coated with some substance but no almost exactly. In fact Los Angeles' favorite information is available at this time as to lecturer on mineralogy has given a written Price. Less Motor and Saw Blade the substance used. These stones look more opinion that it is jadeite. However, we per- $157.50 F.O.B. like genuine star sapphires than any mirror sonally gave it the specific gravity test and backed doublets we have seen. This is prob- it is the same as quartz. When we dropped RX LABORATORY ably because the gem is all stone and not it in bromoform it didn't sink. That also in- partly glass, which gives the gem portion dicates it's quartz. 915 E. Washington St. Pasadena 6. Calif. greater depth. But easily 85 percent of all gems in ama- A word might be injected here about the teurs' collections is quartz and in this ma- new synthetic corundum star sapphires and terial we have just about the most beautiful rubies. The method of getting the star phe- quartz that has come along in many a moon. nomenon into these truly beautiful gems It occurs in every color, the rarest being the RADIATION DETECTOR has never been revealed and much conjec- apricot or "pink jade" color so prized by the Designed Especially for Prospectors ture has taken place about it. An accom- Orientals. We defy anyone to mix a white plished lapidary friend of ours tried to "take piece of this with several pieces of mutton one down" recently; to reduce the height fat jadeite and attempt to pick it out again of the cabochon to be more in keeping with solely by feel and appearance. The material a mounting he had. He ground off the top is waxy, heavy and hard and it takes a surface and whoosh! — the star was gone. It beautiful mirror finish polish with ordinary never came back when the surface was newly polishing methods. polished. Can it be that the star is put on Taken from an elevation of more than after the cabochon is ground? We would be 6000 feet the new material can only be glad to receive advice on this matter, or mined a few months in the year and it is about the so-called "enameling processes", costly to get. There's going to be many a from any informed readers. fine looking display cut from this material in next year's shows. The name of this jade- like material is REGALITE. Nothing intrigues us more than the story • • • behind a find of a new gem material. The The swank department stores in Los An- story of Desert Scenic Stone, recently intro- geles are selling ladies' gold rings mounted duced at the Sacramento convention, has with a piece of black jade about the size of brought to light some interesting facts. Re- a quarter and set with a Titania. With ports coming to the company which is matching earrings the set retails at $400, marketing it indicate that the deposit, lo- plus tax. Now then if you set the Titania Engineered By cated just west of Hot Springs, N. M., has in black onyx no one could tell the differ- Pioneer Manufacturers of been known to exist for over 20 years. Dur- ence and it would look just as handsome. Radiation Instruments ing that time it received little attention from "But there is no black onyx" some one will local rockhounds. It was carried to others write. "Black onyx is agate boiled in sugar." by tourists and health seekers taking the That's right, and real black jasper then baths nearby. Its possibilities as a gem and would be just as good as commercial dyed • LIGHT • SENSITIVE its economic value to the area were almost onyx. It would be as hard, as beautiful but • PORTABLE • RELIABLE lost. cheaper than black jade or onyx. A few months ago A. H. Latham, chair- *Well, some rancher has found a deposit Write for Full Details on Model F-4 man of the New Mexico Miners and Pros- of jet black onyx on his acres in Texas TECHNICAL ASSOCIATES pectors Association, in Hot Springs, a firm and we have seen a photostatic analysis to believer in the mining industry and develop- that effect from the Smithsonian Institution. 3730 San Fernando Rd. - Glendale 4. Calif. ment of local resources, located it. He placed If you wish a hard black material for doub- a claim on the property and sought a broad- let backings, mountings for initials or lodge er market knowing that there could not help emblems, etc., you could get nothing better. but be interest in such a varied gem ma- Three new materials from three states URANIUM terial. The convention at Sacramento accept- other than California! Desert Scenic Stone Detecting Instruments, Guaranteed Geiger ed the responsibility of helping find a name from New Mexico, Regalite from Utah and Counters, Mineralights, Mine Locators. for the rock. They appointed three judges black jasper (Negrite?) from Texas. We'll to select the best name from many sugges- tell you where to get all these materials for tions turned in to them. They chose the a stamp — but you might look over the MINERAL PROSPECTING EQUIP. CO. name Desert Scenic Stone, presented by advertisements first. 2200 N. Reese Place. Burbank. Calif. Mamie Cavin of Baker, Oregon. • • • CHarleston 8-4838 Since its introduction many hundreds of October 4 we shall speak at the American Please Send Latest Folder -I people are reported to have purchased the Museum of Natural History in New York material. In the apt hands of the amateur on "The Second Stone Age." Later in the I Name I cutters it is revealing great versatility in month we shall speak at Cleveland, Detroit, design and color and causing wide comment Chicago and Kansas City. If you wish to | Street..... I when shown around. And so again a hard hear us your local mineral and gem society rock miner has brought to light a new ma- should be able to give you information not I Town State I terial that will bring joy to many. Such an available at this writing.

OCTOBER, 1949 41 DESERT MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1948 PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA TWELFTH VOLUME INDEX TO OCTOBER, 1949

Calvin, Sky Determines Nov 48 p47 Bushman, Leo N Dec 48 p32 Abajo mountains, Utah Oct 49 p5 DeRoos, The Thirsty Land Jun49p47 Butterfield stage Jan 49 pl9, Aug 49 p6 Acoma Apr 49 p 10 Dobie, The Voice of the Agathla peak Aug49p38 Coyote Oct 49 p47 Agua Caliente springs, Calif Dec. 48 p4 Douglas and Mitchell, Cabeza Prieta mountains, Arizona Ajo, Ariz May49pl4 Gold in Lode Sep 49 p45 , Sep 49 pll Aleta, Marie Jan 49 pi 1 Dragunas, Creating Jewelry Oct 49 p47 Cactus, Cardon Feb 49 p25 Algodones dunes, Calif Feb49pll Dumke, The Boom Cady mountains, Calif Dec 49 pll Allen, Norton Mar 49 p39, Oct 49 p28 of the 'Eighties July 49 p47 Cahuilla, Lake Oct 49 p23 Alsap, Judge J. T Jan 49 pl7 Dunham, It's a Date Nov 48 p47 Calico mountains, Calif Alverson, C. S Oct 49 p24 Fiske, I Lived Among Feb 49 p32, May 49 p33 Alverson canyon, California Oct49p21 the Apaches Apr 49 p47 Cailland, Elizabeth (letter) Oct 49 p28 Amateur Gem Cutter, Fitzpatrick, This Js New Calico nat. mon. (proposed) Jan 49 p33 by Lelande Quick Each issue Mexico Dec 48 p47 Camels Jun 49 p20 Antelope Feb 49 p37 Forrest and Hill, The Lone War Camel-horse Nov 48 p33, Jan 49 p35 Antelope Springs, Utah Sep49p21 Trail of the Apache Kid Jan 49 p47 Camp cooking Oct49p8 Antolini, Ernest Sep 49 p7 Grieger's, Encyclopedia of the Camp Irwin, Calif Dec48p33 Archeology, Nov 48 pp 31,36, Jul 49 p33, Lapidary and Jewelry Arts Campbell, Bob Dec48pl7 Aug 49 p35, Sep 49 pp26,33,35,37 Jul 49 p44, Oct 49 p37 Canyon de Chelly, Arizona Aug 49 p25 Arches Natl. Mon., Utah Dec 48 p38 Gudde, California Place Capps, Ethel S., Author of— Archuleta, Manuel and Alyce Oct49pl2 Names Jun 49 p47 Saguaro Flowers Won't Pose....Dec 48 p20 Arizona, origin of name Sep 49 p35 Heald, Colton, McKee, The Cargo Muchacho mtns., Calif Feb49pl6 Artifacts Jun 49 pp3O,31, Jul 49 pp33,38 Inverted Mountain Mar 49 p47 Carleton, Major James H Dec 48 pll Artists— » Hendron, Frijoles: A Hidden Valley Carpenter, Jay A Jun 49 p8 Herrera, Joe H Aug49pl5 In the New World. Feb 49 p47 Carpenter, Scott and Edyth Oct 49 p6 Chalee, Pop Aug49p38 Hurlburt, Dana's Minerals and Carrizo creek, Calif Oct 49 p23 Ashfork, Arizona Sep 49 p5 How to Study Them May 49 p47 Carson & Colorado RR Dec 48 p33 Atwood mine, New Mexico Aug 49 p8 Indian Wells Valley Handbook Carson, Kit Dec 48 p26, Apr 49 p35, Aztec Ruins Natl. Mon., N.M Apr 49 p35 Mar 49 p47 May 49 p4,Jun 49 p36 Aztec Indians Oct 49 pl8 Keithley, Buckey O'Neil Aug49p47 Causeway, The, Utah Oct 49 p9 Keyes, The Twilight Trail Sep 49 p45 Cassidy, Butch Jun49pl7 B King, Wranglin' the Past Mar 49 p47 Caves, Providence mtns Aug49p21 King, Mavericks Sep 49 p45 Cave springs, Nevada Aug 49 p29 Banner mine, New Mexico Aug 49 p8 King, Billy King's Tombstone..Oct 47 p47 Cave spring, Utah Oct49plO Barnes, L. S Mar49p5 Lewis, Doorway to Good Cave of the Winding Stairs Oct 49 p25 Barrett canyon, California Oct 49 p23 Living Jun 49 p47 Coconino cavern, Arizona Oct 49 p30 Barringer, Dr. D. M Aug 49 p46 Luhan, Taos and Its Artists....Apr 49 p47 Carlsbad, New Mexico Apr 49 p35 Barringer, D. Moreau Oct 49 pp28,46 Marriott and LeFranc, The Casaldi, Father Cesar Feb 49 p25 Barth, lion (Close-ups) Oct 49 p28 Valley Below Aug 49 p47 Cassell, Richard L., Author of— Barth, lion, Author of— McLeod, Pigtails and Gold Dust Lizard With Spots and Speed..Apr 49 pl4 The Chants of My People Oct49pl3 Jan 49 p47 Cast, Edna Langdon Nov 48 p5 Bassett, Ann Jun 49 pl7 Miller, Great Salt Lake, Chapman, Kenneth M Apr49plO Bassett, Sam and Herbert Jun49pl7 Past and Present Aug 49 p47 Chapman, R. S Oct40pl5 Beal, Mary Dec48pll Nadeau, City Makers Feb 49 p47 Childs, Thomas Oct 49 p27 Beal, Mary, Author of— Pearl, Popular Gemohgy Nov 48 p47 Chronicle, Millard Co., Utah Sep 49 p21 Healing Berries Nov 48 p22 Poldevaart, Black Robed Justice Chuckawalla, photo of Dec48pl5 Dazzling Tulips of the Jun 49 p47 Clark, Addison N. (Close-ups)...Jun 49 p32 Desert Ranges Jan 49 p30 " Putnam, Hickory Shirt Jul 49 p47 Clark, Addison N., Author of— Junipers on the Desert Feb 49 p23 Thorpe, Bowie Knife Sep 49 p45 There's Placer Gold in the Desert Emigrant Flowers that Never Thurston, Wildflowers of Bajadas Jun 49 p8 Fade Jun 49 p27 Southern California Sep 49 p45 Clark Co. Gem Collectors Sep49p31 Dolphin Flower or Cavalier's Utah Historical Society's 15th Clinton, Bruce, Author of— Spur Sep 49 p2 Volume, Exploration of the Colo- Desert Dude Wrangler Jan 49 p5 Bear hills, Arizona Jun 49 p20 rado River Apr 49 p47 Coachella valley, Calif Baker, Maggie and Riley Aug 49 plO Weston, California and Jan 49 p33, Sep 49 p26 Beatty, A. A. (Doc) Aug49p37 Coahuilla Indians Sep 49 p26 Beckwith, Frank Sep 49 p20 the West Sep 49 p45 Wynn, Desert Bonanza <-.._May 49 p47 Cochiti pueblo Aug 49 pl5 Beetle, Psyphophorus yuccae Jul 49 p4 Coconino sandstone Sep 49 p6 Bees, wild Jul49plO Botany— Amaranth family Jun 49 p27 Coffin, Mira Aug49pl9 Begay, Florence Mar49p31 Coffman, Nellie Jul 49 p30 Bekinni, Hosteen Dec 40 p28 Barrel cactus Oct 49 p23 Bell, Louise Price {Close-ups) Jul 49 p32 Boogum tree Nov 48 p23 Colorado river Jan 49 p37, Apr 49 p31, Bell, Louise Price, Author of— Crucifixion thorn..Dec 48 pi 1, Jul 49pl6 Jun 49 pp5,16 Home in the Cactus Forest Jul 49 p4 Elderberries Nov 48 p22 Colorado River commission Bernalillo, New Mexico Aug49pl6 Larkspur Sep 49 p2 Dec 48 p37, Jan 49 p34 Beta-ta-kin ruins Jan 49 p23 Mariposa tulip Jan 49 p30, Oct 49 p7 Colossal canyon, Utah Jul 49 p39 Bighorn sheep Feb 49 p34 Mojave tree yucca Jul 49 p4 Columbus Marsh, Nevada Nov 48 p30 Billy the Kid Nov 48 p26, Feb 49 p36 Sacred Mushroom Oct49pl8 Condors May 49 p28 Black, Roger (Arkansas Black)....Aug 49 p6 Yellow dodder Jul 49 p32 Consolidated Copper mines Sep 49 p34 Blackford, John L Jan 49 p23 Botkin, C. W Oct49pl6 Cooke's spring, New Mexico Jan49pl9 Blake, William P Feb 49 pl6, Oct 49 p23 Bowald, V. T Feb 49 p5 Cooley pass, Utah Oct 49 p7 Blanding Utah Oct 49 p7 Bowers, Dr. Stephen W Oct 49 p23 Cottonwood creek, Utah Oct 49 p9 Blue mountains, Utah Oct 49 p5 Bowlin, Eve Apr 49 p5 Coyote mountain, Calif Oct49p21 Book reviews— Boyce, George A Aug49pl8 Creosote, use of Oct 49 p34 Adams and Britzman, Charles M. Russell, Bradshaw, Bill Mar 49 p5 Crevecoeur, Ben de Jun 49 p35 The Cowboy Artist Jul 49 p47 Bradshaw stage trail Nov 48 p33 Crystal peak, Utah Sep49p21 Ainsworth, California Jubilee..Dec 48 p47 Brewer, Jimmy (Close-ups) May 49 p30 Cutler, V. P. (letter) Oct 49 p27 Western Barbecue Cookbook. Jul 49 p47 Brewer, Jimmy, Author of— Cyclone valley, Utah Oct49pp7,ll Astrov, The Winged Serpent.May 49 p47 Skilled Hands at the Loom May 49 p24 Beebe and Clegg, Virginia & Brown's Hole, Utah Jun49pl7 Truckee Aug 49 p47 Bryce Canyon, Utah Jan 49 p23 Darlington, Tom D Dec 48 p7 Calif. Div. of Mines— Buffalo Apr 49 pp29,37, Aug 49 p29 Dates....Nov 48 p5, Mar 49 p34, May 49 p34 Minerals of California Jan 49 p47 Burbank, Elbridge A Jul 49 p32 Date Festival, Indio Feb 49 p4 Iron Resources of Calif May 49 p47 Burnham, William Dec 48 p47 Daughters of Utah Pioneers Jan 49 p37

42 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Davis, Edward H., as told to John Arizona, Petrified wood Aug49plO Henderson, Randall and Cyria Crippen Jr., We Found the Cave of Arizona, Camino del Diablo....Sep 49 p 12 (Close-ups) May 49 p30 Lost Art Feb49p25 California, Eagle crags Nov48plO Henderson, Randall, Author of— Davis dam May 49 p31, Jun 49 pl6 California, Mojave desert Jan 49 p28 Cabin in the Hot Rocks Mar49plO Davies, Joan F. (Close-ups) Apr49p24 California, Indian pass Feb49pl6 On Hassayampa Trails Jul49pl7 Davies, Joari F., Author of— California, Burkhardt mine....Mar 49 pl3 Stone-Splitters of Ashfork Sep 49 p5 Desert Builder Apr 49 p36 California, Kofa mtns Apr49pl7 19 Days on Utah Trails Oct 49 p5 Davis, Lew E Dec 48 p7 California, Mt. Signal Jul 49 pi 1 Hermit Shale Fossils Dec 48 p22 De Anza, Juan Batista Jul49pll Colorado, Leadville Nov 48 p44 Herrera, Joe H Aug49pl5 Death valley temperatures Nov 48 p34 Lower California Nov 48 p26 Hewes, Marion (Close-ups) Sep 49 p8 Death valley borax routes Nov48plO Gem and mineral collecting, specimens—- Hicks, Roy Mar 49 p28 Death valley centennial Mar 49 pl9, Aragonite Oct 49 p33 Hi Jolly (Hadji Ali) Jun 49 p22 Jul 49 p46, Aug 49 p37, Sep 49 p36 Agate Nov 48 plO, Feb 49 pl6 Hiking, instruction Mar49pl7 Oct 49 p32 Chalcedony Nov 48 plO, Feb 49 pl6, Hill, Frank, Rita and J. Lou Aug 49 p5 Delta, Utah Sep 49 p20 May 49 pl4, Sep 49 pll Hilton, John (Close-ups) Nov 48 p39 Desert Holly May 49 p20 Calcite Nov 48 plO Hilton, John, Author of— Desert Magazine, history Dumortierite Feb 49 pl6 Henry Kaiser Came to the Desert Dec 48 p4, Nov 48 pl7 Garnets Sep 49 pl2 for Iron Mar 49 p5 Desert Rat Scrapbook Nov 48 p34 Geodes Black Magic of the Cahuilla.May 49 plO Desert Scenic stone Oct49p21 Nov 48 plO, Apr 49 pl7, May 49 pl4 Hilton, Philip Mar 49 p5 Devil's Highway Sep 49 plO Jade Oct 49 p41 Devil's Pumpkin patch Aug 49 p27 Historic sites, Calif May 49 p34 Jasper Feb49pl6, Jun 49 p20 Holiday, Helen May 49 p24 Dewey, Keith Jun49pl3 Petrified wood Feb49pl6, Aug49plO Dimmick, Charles Feb 49 p35 Holiday rugs (Navajo) May49p24 Pyrite Nov 48 p44 Hopi Mesas Jul 49 p5, Aug 49 p25 Dinosaur natl. mon Mar 49 p36 Quartz crystals Nov 48 p44 Dipua tree Feb 49 p25 Hopi Snake dances..Nov 48 p31, Aug 49 p26 Regalite Oct 49 p41 Homesteading, 5-acre tracts Dodge, Chee Aug 49 p35 Sandspikes Jul 49 pi 1 Doubtful canyon Aug 49 p6 Mar 49 plO, Jun 49 pll Thenardite crystals Sep49p33 Homesteading, Morongo valley Dove Creek, Colo Sep49pl5 Turquoise Mar 49 pl3 Dude ranches Jan 49 p5 May 49 p27, Jun 49 pll Variscite Jan 49 p26 Homesteading, Yuma mesa Nov48p31 Dunn, Dorothy Aug49pl6 Zircons Nov 48 p26 Dunning, Charles H Aug49pl2 Hostetter, Bill Aug 49 pll Dutchman's spring, Ariz Aug49pl2 Gem and mineral equipment Houserock valley, Arizona Apr 49 p29 Feb 49 p40, Mar 49 p40, Apr 49 p5 Hubbell, James Dec 48 p38 Gem cutting instructions Dec 48 p40 Hubbell, Roman Aug 49 p35 Eagle crags, Calif Nov48plO Gem cutting—Rutile Jan 49 p40 Hubbell's Trading Post Aug 49 pp24,25 Eagle mountains, Calif Mar 49 p5 Gem fluorescence Mar 49 p43 Hudson, Hosteen Mar49p21 Earthquake Feb 49 p33 Gems (women lapidaries) Apr49p40 Hutchison, Ted May 49 p20 Edgerton, Cecil, Author of— Ghost towns— Hydroponics gardening ...Aug 49 pl9 Take It Easy, Hiker! Mar49pl7 Ballarat, California Aug 49 p2 Edom, Calif Dec48p33 Irontown, Utah Aug 49 p39 I El Camino del Diablo, Arizona Sep 49 p9 Promontory, Utah Jul 49 p23 Imperial county (recreation) Apr49p31 Elephant's Feet, Arizona Aug 49 p27 Rhyolite, Nevada Mar 49 p35 Indian creek, Utah Oct49plO Elephant tree Nov48p23 Shakespeare, New Mexico Aug 49 p5 Indians, prehistoric Elks, hunting Oct 49 p30 Tumco, California Feb49pl6 Feb 49 p25, Jul 49 p33, Sep 49 p26 Essex, Calif Aug49p21 Gila monster Indian ceremonials— Evenson, Johnny Aug 49 p6 Nov 48 p31, Jan 49 p39, Feb 49 p32 Cahuilla May 49 plO Gila river dam Jan 49 p32 Hopi Jul 49 p5 Gold Road, Arizona Jan 49 p38 Indian life— ' Fallon, Nevada Apr49p33 Gold Rock ranch, Calif Feb49pl6 Hopi Aug 49 p22 Ferrum, Calif Mar49p5 Goldfield, Nevada Dec 48 pp35,37 Navajo Mar 49 p21, Aug 49 p22 Fish Creek Mtns., Calif Oct 49 p23 Goulding, Harry and Mike Pahvant Utes Sep 49 p22 Five-Acre Homestead Jun49pll Aug 49 p27, Sep 49 p46 Yumas Jul 49 pl4 Flack, Nancy Oct49p6 Grand Canyon Dec 48 p22, Jan 49 p23 Indian dances, Gallup, Apr 49 p36 Flagstone quarries Sep 49 p5 Grand Canyon rapids Indian glyphs Mar 49 p30 Flexon, Elsie Oct 49 p6 Aug 49 p37, Sep 49 p30 Indian mining leases Oct49pl9 Forbes, Anne Aug49pl5 Granite Dells, Arizona Sep 49 p46 Indian of the Year Oct 49 p29 Ford, Walter (Close-ups) Apr49p24 Granite Gap, N.M Aug 49 p6 Indian pottery Apr49plO Ford, Walter, Author of— Great Diamond Hoax Aug 49 p8 Indian schools He Prospects for Invisible Wealth.... Great Salt Lake May 49 p4, Aug 49 p39 ....; Apr 49 p36, Jun 49 p39, Jul 49 p34 Apr 49 p5 Greenriver, Utah Sep 49 p30 Indian traders Jan 49 p31 Fort Bliss, Texas Jan 49 p36 Green river, Utah Oct 49 pll Indian warfare Dec 48 p26, Feb 49 pll Fort Cummings, New Mexico Jan 49 pl9 Greenwood, William Barton Aug49pl8 Indian welfare Dec 48 p26, Feb 49 p21, Fort Tyson, Arizona Jun 49 p20 Grimm, Otto May 49 p35 Mar 49 p34, Apr 49 p29, Ft. Huachuca, Arizona Gringo, definition Jan49p31 May 49 pp8,25, 37, Jun 49 pp33,35,36,40, Apr 49 p29, May 49 p31 Grubstake Sep 49 pl5 July 49 pp9,33,37, Sep 49 p29 Fossils Aug 49 p38, Sep 49 pp21,35,38 Gypsum Jun 49 p38 Ingalls, Don (Close-ups) Jan 49 p22, Fossil mountain, Utah Sep 49 p21 Mar 49 pl3 Fossil plants Dec 48 p22 H Ingalls, Don, Author of— Four corners Aug 49 p22, Sep 49 pl5 Hambaugh, Steve Jul49pl7 Green Rock in the Francis, Gene Jul 49 p20 Hammond, Alex and Wynne Davis Last Chance Range Jan 49 p28 Fremont, John C Jun 49 p5 Apr 49 p24 Turquoise Hunters Have a Fryer, E. R Jan 49 p35 Hanna, G. Dallas Oct 49 p24 Field Day Mar49pl3 Frying Pan canyon, N.M Jan49pl9 Hansen, James G Mar 49 p5 Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial..Aug 49 p22 Funk, Helen Muir Dec48pll Hard Rock Shorty, Death Valley..Each issue Inyo county, Calif Mar49pl3 Harper, Allan G Aug49pl8 Iron, foundry in the desert Jun 49 p35 Harriman, Henry E Mar 49 p5 Ironwood May 49 p20 Gaillard, Capt. D. D Sep49plO Harris, Don Sep 49 p30 Gallup, New Mexico Aug 49 p22 Hart, Walter and Richard Aug 49 p8 I Gambel oak Oct 49 p7 Hassayampa river, Arizona Jul49pl7 Jaeger, Edmund C. (Close-ups)...Jul 49 p32 Ganado mission, Arizona Oct 49 p29 Hat mountain, Arizona May49pl4 Jaeger, Edmund C, Author of— Garden of the Setting Sun, Mecca, Haworth, Al (Close-ups) Jun 49 p32 Why Tree Yucca Wears a Hat.Juti 49 p4 Calif Nov 48 p5 Hayden, Senator Carl Dec 48 p26 When Wild Bees Nest in the Gardner, Earl Stanley Dec 48 p35 Heerman, Dr. A. L Oct 49 p23 Walls of a Desert Canyon....Ju\ 49 plO Garnet canyon, Calif Oct 49 p23 Hellyer, David (Close-ups) Jun 49 p32 James, George Wharton Jul 49 p28 Geiger counters Apr 49 p5 Hellyer, David, Author of— Jemez pueblo Jan 49 pll Gelvin, Ralph M Jan49p31 He Planned to Change the Jenkin, George Sep 49 pp6,7 Gem and mineral collecting, areas— Desert Climate Jun 49 p5 Jenkins, Olaf O Jun 49 p8 Arizona, Papago country May49pl4 Hemenway Archeological Expd...Jan 49 p31 Jepson, Willis Linn Dec 49 pll

OCTOBER, 1949 43 Jerome, Arizona Apr 49 p29 M Morongo, Tom Dec 48 p35 Jerusalem cricket Aug49pl7 Morongo valley, Calif Jun 49 pll Joshua Tree natl. mon Jun 49 p35 MacKenzie, Christine B. (Close-ups).... Moore, Earl Sep 49 p8 Juniper Feb.49 p23 Dec 48 p6 Mudget, Fannie A Feb 49 p34 Justice, Gary Oct 49 p6 MacKenzie, Christine B., Author of— Muir, John Dec 48 pll Artists of Scottsdale Dec 48 p7 Murray, Dr. Elwood Jul 49 p27 E MacSparron, Cozy Aug 49 p25 Murbarger, Nell (Close-ups) Aug49p32 Kaibab forest, Arizona Oct 49 p29 Magdalena, Mexico Dec 48 pll Murbarger, Nell, Author of— Kaibito plateau, Arizona Mar49p21 Maginnis, Edward B Feb 49 p34 They Live in a Ghost Town Aug 49 p5 Kaiser, Henry J Mar 49 p5 Malone, Jim (death) Oct49p31 Museums— Kaiser railroad Nov48p33 Manuelito natl. mon. (proposed) Death Valley, Calif Apr 49 p32 Kamia Indians Feb 49 pl6 Jun 49 p35, Jul 49 p37 Meteor Crater, Arizona Nov 48 p31 Keams canyon, Arizona Aug 49 p25 Marie of San Ildefonso Apr49plO Natural History, Arizona Feb 49 p31 Kearns, Utah Mar 49 p36 Marston, Otis Sep 49 p30 Northern Arizona..Apr 49 p29, Jul 49 p33 Kearsage, Calif Mar49pl3 Maruffo, Tibursio Mar 49 p38 Utah Museum Jun 49 p39 Keetseel ruins Aug 49 p24 Martinson, Leonard Oct 49 p6 Musselman, Ross Oct 49 pp5,6,7,8,9 Keiser, William G Apr 49 pl7, Jun 49 p20 Mastodon petroglyph Jun 49 p39 Kelly, Charles, Author of— McCoy, Barney Feb 49 pll N Cowgirl of Brown's Hole Jun 49 pl7 McKenney, J. Wilson Oct 49 p28 National Mail & Trans. Co Aug 49 p6 Kennison, Walter Jun 49 p38 McKinney, Robert Feb 49 p36 Navajo hospital, Shiprock May 49 p28 Keyhole canyon, Nevada Jun49p31 McLaws, Sophie Feb49p31 Navajo rug Dec 48 p30 Keys, Bill Dec 48 p35 Mecca, Calif Nov 48 p5, Apr 49 p25 Navajo welfare problems Jan49p31 King, Sandy Aug 49 p8 Mendenhall, W. C Oct 49 p22 Naval Ordnance Test Sta Nov 48 plO Kino, Father Eusibio Mesa Verde ruins Dec 48 p25 New, Loyd Henry and Betty Dec 48 p7 Dec 49 pll, May 49 pl4 Mescal Button, or Peyote Oct49pl8 New Mexico Mining Co Aug 49 p7 Kluckhohn, Dr. Clyde Jul 49 p34 Mesilla, New Mexico Aug 49 p6 Nichols, Dr. John T May 49 p8 Kofa Mountains Apr49pl7 Mesquite, Nevada Dec 48 p37 Nichols, Wayne Sep 49 p30 Knowlton, Kent Mar 49 p44 Mesquite tree Mar 49 p30 Nininger, H. H Aug 49 pp2,46 Krouser, Caryl Jan49p33 Meteor Crater, Arizona Dec 48 p32, Nino de la Tierra Aug49pl7 Kuaua pueblo ruins Aug49pl6 Mar 49 p41, Aug 49 pp2,46, Noss, M. E. and Mrs. Ova Jun 49 p37 Oct 49 pp??,46 Meteorite Dec 48 p39 Laguna pueblo, New Mexico Oct49pl3 Meteorite pictographs Nov 48 p26 O'Connor, Charles J Dec 48 p7 Lake Mead, sediment Jan 49 p39 Military ranges Nov48plO Ocotillo, Calif Oct 49 p24 La Milla mining camp, Lower Calif Miller, David E. (Close-ups) May49p30 Ogilby, Calif Feb49pl6 Nov 48 p26 Miller, David E., Author of— Oliver, Harry Lane, Nancy Nov 48 p27 5a// Water Trail on the Desert.May 49 p4 Nov 48 p34, Feb 49 p33, May 49 p33 Lane, Frank Feb 49 p9 Rails Across the Continent—1869.... Ollis, Don and Barbara, Authors of— Langley, Dama, Author of— Jul 49 p22 Randsburg Refuses to Become They Follow Ancient Ways at Mills, Johnny Jan 49 p32 a Ghost Town Feb 49 p5 Old Jemez Jan 48 pll Mine Moratorium Aug 49 p40 O'Neil, Mickey Sep 49 pl6 Rain-Makers of Mishongnovi Jul 49 p5 Minerals, identification Nov 48 p45 Orcutt, Charles R Oct 49 p23 Lapidary tips Nov 48 p40 Cobalt, Idaho Nov 48 p30 Owens valley, Calif Mar 49 pl3 La Sal forest reserve Oct 49 p7 Carnotite, Arizona, Colorado Laudermilk Jerry Dec 48 p22 Aug 49 pll, Sep 49 pl5 Lawbaugh, A. La Vielle (Close-ups).... Euxenite, New Mexico Jun 49 p28 Pageant, Easter at Mecca Apr 49 p25 Sep 49 p8 Flagstone, Arizona Sep 49 p5 Painted Rock dam, Arizona May 49 p33 Lawbaugh, A. La Vielle, Author of— Fluorspar, Nevada .....Jul 49 p26 Paleobotany Dec 48 p22 They Left Their Story in the Gallium, Arizona May 49 p40 Paleontology Aug 49 p35, Sep 49 p33 Desert Sands Sep 49 p26 Gold..Nov 48 p30, Feb 49 p5, Sep 49 p23 Palms, Washingtonia filifera Lay, Eliza Jun49pl7 Iron, Calif Jan 49 p38, Mar 49 pp5,29 Apr 49 pl7, May 49 p20 Leavitt, Val Oct 49 p5 Lead, Calif May 49 p40 Palm canyon, Calif Apr 49 p46 Lechuguilla desert, Arizona Sep49plO Lead-silver, Nevada, Utah Palm Desert Art Gallery Jan49pl7 Lederer, Gus Nov 48 p46 Nov 48 p30, Mar 49 p35, May 49 p40 Palm Springs, Calif Jul 49 p27 Lee, Joe Sep 49 p46 Manganese Aug 49 p34 Papago Indian reservation May49pl4 Lehman cave, Nevada Petroleum, Utah....Dec 48 p30, Sep 49 p23 Park, Cleve H Feb 49 pll Dec 48 p4, Feb 49 p29, Sep 49 p36 Phirestone, Nevada Sep 49 p23 Parry, Dr. Charles C Oct 49 p23 Leitzendorfer's well, New Mexico Placer gold Jun 49 p8 Peanuts in Arizona Dec48p31 Aug 49 p6 Tungsten, Calif Apr 49 p38 Pegleg Trek, Borrego valley Dec 48 p29, Lemley, "Cowboy" Dec 48 p38 Turquoise, Nevada Dec 48 p30 Feb 49 p28, Mar 49 pp 15,28, Apr 49 p32 Leonard creek, Nevada Jan 49 p8 Uranium Nov 48 p30, Dec 48 p30, Pena, Tonita, of San Ildefonso....Aug 49 pl5 LeVineness, W. Thetford (Close-ups).. Jan 49 p38, Mar 49 p29, Apr 49 p5, Petley, Bob Dec 48 pll Aug 49 p32 Jul 49 pp9,26, Aug 49 pplO,34, Sep 49 p23 Petroglyphs Feb 49 pl6, Jun 49 pl3 LeVineness, W. Thetford, Author of— Mishongnovi, Arizona Jul 49 p5 Oct 49 pll Dancing Indians Are His Subjects.... Mitchell, Jack Oct 49 p26 Peyote, or Mescal Button Oct49pl8 Aug 49 pl5 Mitchell, John D., Author of— Phelps Dodge corporation Aug 49 p8 Lewis, Bill Jan 49 p28 The Lost Squaw Hollow Photographs, contest prize winners— Leyve, Felipe Jan49pl3 Gold Ledge Jan 49 pl7 Lewis Jones, Ben Pope, Willard Luce Liebler, Rev. H. Baxter The Pothole Placers Feb 49 p9 Nov 48 p25 Aug 49 p28, Sep 49 p46 Mitchell and Merrick, miners Aug 49 p28 Fred H. Ragsdale, Ellis M. Finkle.... Lippincott, William J Apr 49 p29 Mojave desert region Dec 48 pll Jan 49 pl8 Lizard, leopard Apr49pl4 Monighan, Francis J Jul49p33 Egon Lempart, Lewis M. Jones Lonquist, Jepson and Ann Dec 48 p7 Mono crater, Calif Jan 49 p32 .-. Feb 49 p24 Loper, Bert Jun 49 p39, Sep 49 p30 Monroe, Morgan and Dorothy Don Ollis, R. Van Nostrand Lordsburg, New Mexico Aug 49 p6 (Close-ups) Aug 49 p32 Mar 49 p20 Oct49pl5 Monroe, Morgan, Author of— Burton S. Turney, Clyde H. Lord Los Alamos, New Mexico Nov 48 p26 Indian Country Trek Aug 49 p22 Apr 49 p4 Lost gold Jun 49 p37, Jul 49 pl4 Grubstake That Paid Off Sep49pl5 James D. Hicks, C. R. Ege Lost Mines— Monticello, Utah Oct 49 p5 May 49 p9 Hank's Lost Mine Oct 49 p32 Montoya, Geronima Cruz Aug49pl6 Martha Burleigh, Nell Murbarger Lost Emerald mine, Santa Rosa Monument valley, Utah. Jun 49 p25 Mtns., Calif Dec48pl7 Jan 49 p23, Sep 49 p46 M & M Carothers, Don Ollis Lost Lead-Silver mine, Morgan, L. W., Author of— Jul 49 p24 Nevada Apr 49 pl5 Lost Lead-Silver Mine in Nevada Don Ollis, Martha Burleigh Lost Pegleg Feb 49 p29, Apr 49 p32 Apr 49 pl5 ' Aug 49 p33 Lost Pothole, Utah Feb 49 p9 Morley, Dr. Sylvanus G Nov 48 p37 Hubert A. Lowman, Art Riley Squaw Hollow Gold Ledge Jan49pl7 Mormon Battalion Jan49pl9 Sep 49 p25 Lucerne valley, Calif Mar 49 p34 Mormon emigrants, Arizona Dec 48 p26 Harry D. Gill, Bill Stoughton....Oct 49 p4 Ludlow, Calif Dec 48 pll Mormon Pasture, Utah Oct 49 p9 Pickyavit, Joe and Ted Sep 49 p22

44 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Pictographs, Indian Oct49pll Sanderson, Raymond Phillips Dec 48 p7 Truswell, William J Sep 49 p33 Pillsbury, Dorothy (Close-ups)..Nov 48 p39 San Simon, Arizona Aug 49 p6 Tuba City, Arizona Aug 49 p27 Pillsbury, Dorothy, Author of— Santa Fe, New Mexico Twentynine Palms, Calif Aug49pl9 She Sells the Incense of the Nov 49 p27, Mar 49 pl9, Apr 49 plO Tyson, Charley Jun 49 p20 Pinyon Forest Nov 48 p27 Sauceda Mtns., Arizona May49pl4 'Yucca Gun' May Create an Schwanbeck, Herman and Dorothy u Industry Oct 49 pl5 Sep 49 p7 U.S. Indian school, Santa Fe Aug49pl5 Pinyon incense Nov 48 p27 Scorup, Al Oct49pp9,10 Uranium-Vanadium Corp Sep49pl7 Pinyon nuts Scottsdale, Arizona Dec 48 p7 Dec 48 pl6, Jan 49 p36, Mar 49 p31 Scotty, Death Valley Plomosas mountains, Calif Jun 49 p20 Dec 48 p37, Jan 49 p33, Jul 49 p46 Vanadium Corp. of America Aug49pl4 Poems Each issue Searchlight, Nevada Dec 48 p30 VanCamp, Donald Apr 49 p26 Pony Express Jan 49 p36 Seaton, George Feb 49 pi 1 Vandals Apr 49 p39 Prehistoric ruins, Nevada May 49 p35 Segner, Wes and Joyce Dec 48 p7 Van Dyke, T. S. & John C Dec 48 pll Proctor, Claire Meyer, -Author of— Shakespeare, New Mexico Aug 49 p5 Vaughan, Dr. T. W Oct 49 p24 Sacred Mushroom of the Aztecs Shiva, Ramon Aug49pl6 Vaughn, Rex Jul49p21 ...: Oct 49 pl8 Shumway, Nina Paul, Author of— Ventana cave, Arizona Mar 49 p32 Promontory, Utah Jul 49 p22 Patriarch of Palm Springs Jul 49 p27 Vermillion cliffs, Arizona Aug49plO Providence Mtns., Calif Signal Mtn., Lower Calif Jul49pll Voyce, Ezra May49pl4 Aug 49 p21, Oct 49 p26 Silverbell, Arizona Aug 49 p2 Pushawalla canyon, Calif Sep 49 p26 Simpson, Ruth De Ette Sep 49 p26 w Putnam, George Palmer Nov 48 p34 Sitton, F. A Sep 49 pl5 Wadsworth, Beula M. (Close-ups) Pyramid lake, Nevada Sixshooter peaks, Utah Oct49plO Apr 49 p24 Jan 49 p35, Apr 49 p34 Smith, "Borax" Dec 48 pi 1 Wadsworth, Beula M., Author of— Pyramid spring, New Mexico Aug 49 p6 Smith, Fred Dec 48 p26 He Revived the Art of the Ancients Smith, Peggy and Horace Dec 48 p7 Apr 49 plO Smith, "Shine" Sep 49 p46 Walker, C. S. and Margrete Feb49pl6 Quaking Aspen (Quakies) Oct 49 p8 Smithson, Carma Lee (Close-ups) Walker, Lewis W., Author of— Quartzsite, Arizona..Apr 49 pl7, Jun 49 p20 Sep49p8 Freak Tree of the Peninsula....Nov 48 p23 Quick, Lelande, Author of— Smithson, Carma Lee, Author of— Water-witching Feb 49 p30, Mar 49 p30, Amateur Gem Cutter Each issue He Discovered an Ancient Apr 49 p39, Jun 49 p40 Wonderland Sep 49 p20 Weaver peak, Arizona Jul49pl9 Smithsonian Institution Sep49p21 Wegman, Bert Feb 49 p5 Ragsdale, Desert Steve Apr 49 p32 Smoke tree May49p20 Weight, Harold and Lucile (Close-ups) Rain-Makers of Mishongnovi Jul 49 p5 Smoki Snake dance, Prescott, Ariz Feb 49 p30 Ralston, William G Aug 49 p7 Sep 49 p46 Weight, Harold O., Author of— Randsburg, Calif Snakes, king and rattler Jul49p31 Blue Agate at Eagle Crags Nov48plO Feb 49 p5, Jul 49 p46, Aug 49 p2 Snake Indians Feb 49 p9 Rock Trek in the Colorful Cadys Ransom, Jay Ellis, Author of— Solt, Earl Sep 49 p7 Dec 48 pll Uranium Strike in Petrified Wood.... South, Marshal, Author of— Rockhound Trail to Indian Pass Aug 49 plO Desert Trails Dec48pl7 Feb 49 pl6 Ransom, Capt. Sam Aug 49 p8 South, Marshal, death of Geodes and Palms in the Rattlesnake peak, New Mexico....Jun 49 pl3 Dec 48 pp6,46, Jan 49 p39 Kofa Country Apr 49 pl7 Rattlesnakes South, Tanya, poems Each issue Magic Rocks of the Saucedas..May 49 pl4 Nov 48 p26, Feb 49 p35, Apr 49 p35 South, Tanya, Author of— Rocks by the Roadside Jun 49 p20 Reagles, Vernie G. (Close-ups)..Aug 49 p33 Sequel to Ghost Mountain Apr 49 pl6 We Dug Sandspikes on the Border.... Reagles, Vernie G., Author of— Spang, Clarence and Faune Oct 49 p6 Jul 49 pll Desert Garden Without Soil....Aug 49 pl9 Spencer, Charley Nov 48 p35 Gems on the Devil's Highway....Sep 49 p9 Richardson, Toney (Close-ups)..Mar 49 p39 Squaw Hollow gold ledge Jan49pl7 Fossil Shells from a Richardson, Toney, Author of— Squaw spring, Utah Oct 49 plO Vanished Sea Oct49p21 Pioneer Trader to the Navajo..Dec 48 p26 Starr, Dr. Robert B Sep 49 p33 West, Walter Richard Jul 49 p39 Country of Standing Rocks Mar 49 p21 St. Christopher's mission Aug 49 p28 Wetherill, John and Louisa Feb 49 p31 Rich hill, Arizona Jul49pl9 Stedman, Melissa Branson, Author of— Wheeler, S. M. (Close-ups) Aug49p33 Robertson, Rev. Earle Mar49p31 / Got My Five-Acre Title Jun 49 pll Wheeler, S. M., Author of— " Robison, John L Sep49pl5 Stevens, -Elizabeth Kenny Jan 49 p37 Underground Voyage in the Desert Rockefeller, John D. Jr Apr49plO Stewart, J. M Aug49pl8 Aug 49 p29 Rogers, Marvin Oct 49 p5 Stoddard, Charles May 49 p4 Whipple, Edgar Dec 48 p26 Ropp, Marie J May 49 p29 Stoneman, George Jun 49 p5 White, Cornelia Jul 49 p27 Roy, George M. (Close-ups) May 49 p30 Stone-Splitters of Ashfork Sep 49 p5 White, Mrs. Elizabeth Sep 49 p4 Roy, George M., Author of— Sun Dance, Kiowa Apaches Aug49pl6 White Mtn., Calif Nov 48 p33 He Brings the Desert to Sykes, Godfrey, death of Mar 49 p39 Wickenburg, Arizona Your Garden May 49 p20 Jul 49 pl7, Aug 49 p34 Roy, Lois Elder (Close-ups) Nov 48 p39 Widney, Dr. J. P Jun 49 p5 Roy, Lois Elder, Author of— Taos, New Mexico Feb 49 p35 Widney Sea, Calif Jun 49 p5 La Patrona of the Date Gardens Taylor, John and June May 49 p24 Wild Angora goats Jun 49 p30 Nov 48 p5 The Needles, Utah Oct 49 pp 10,11 Wilde, Larry and Elaine Jul 49 p4 Russian Bill Aug 49 p8 Thomas, Don Oct49p5 Willis, Frank Jun 49 pl7 Thomas, Marjorie H Dec 48 p7 Wilson, Howard Feb 49 p36 Thompson, Robert Dec48pl7 Wilson, Eva Jul 49 pll, Oct 49 p21 Sacred Mushroom Oct49pl8 Thompson, Roberto Feb 49 p25 Winnemucca Mtn. Mines Co Jul 49 p26 Saguaro cactus Thompson, Mrs. Hildegard Aug 49 p 18 Winslow, Sylvia and Slim Nov48plO Dec 48 p20, Jan 49 p23, Jun 49 p30 Thousand Palms, Calif Sep 49 p28 Wolf, Hermann Dec 48 p26 Saguaro natl. mon Jan 49 p32, Jul 49 p4 Tinajas Altas, Arizona Sep 49 p9 Wolf Trading post, Arizona Dec 48 p26 Sahagun, Padre Bernardino de Oct 49 pl8 Tober, Miss Billy Nov 48 p27 Wood, Willard S. (letter) Sep 49 p4 Salsbury, Dr. Clarence O Oct49p29 Toenjes, Capt. H. O. (letter) Sep 49 p4 Woodard, M. L Aug 49 p24, Oct 49 p24 Salt creek, Utah Oct49plO Tombstone, Arizona Woodson, Weldon, Author of— Salton Sea, Calif May 49 p33, Aug 49 p34 Jerusalem Cricket Aug 49 pl7 Jan 49 p46, Feb 49 p29, Jun 49 p5 Tomson, Tommy and family Mar49plO Wright, Frank Lloyd Dec 48 p7 Salton sea, fishing Tonopah & Goldfield RR Nov 48 p36 Feb 49 p32, Mar 49 p33, Apr 49 pp31,32 Tonopah & Tidewater RR Dec 48 pll XYZ Salton sea, proposed park Torres, Joe Mar 49 p5 Yarnell, Kent (letter) Aug 49 p2 Nov 48 p33, May 49 p34, Jul 49 p35 Tortoise, desert Apr49pl7 Yellow Jacket mine, New Mexico San Andres Mtns., New Mexico.Jun 49 p37 Trading posts, Navajo Apr 49 p22 Aug 49 p8 San Baltazar Mtns., Lower Calif Tree Ring dating Nov48p31 Yucca, industry Oct49pl5 Feb 49 p25 Trough creek, Utah Oct 49 p8 Yucca valley, Calif Apr 49 p26 San Jacinto Mtns., Calif May 49plO Trumbo, Theron Marcos, Author of— Zink, Orion M., Author of— San Jacinto tramway Waterhole at the Crossroads....Jan 49 pl9 Mystery Death in the Desert....Teh 49 pll Nov 48 pl5, Jun 49 p34 Ancient Artists Lived on Zuni, Shalako ceremonials Feb 49 p35 San Juan county, Utah Oct 49 p5 Rattlesnake Peak Jun 49 pl3 Zurschmiede, Walter Feb 49 pll

OCTOBER, 1949 45 \u5t Hetuteen l/ou and Ale

V t. ifei s!.r.:..*^» "^n*.

By RANDALL HENDERSON

N THE AUGUST ISSUE of Desert Magazine it was pro- made as between deer and wild burro. The park rangers posed that to preserve Meteor Crater in northern tell me it is nearly always true, that when the wild burros Arizona against mining operations recently started move in the deer move out. there, the property should be acquired by the federal • • • government and administered by the National Park service. During the past year Secretary Krug of the department Since then I have received a long letter from D. Moreau of the interior has established a precedent of far-reaching Barringer of Philadelphia, president of the company which significance to Indian tribesmen. Two tribes, the Saginaw owns the Crater, defending his company's operations. (See Chippewa numbering 540 Indians and the Stockbridge- letters page, this issue.) Munsee with about 500, have been released from the Answering Mr. Barringer, I suggested that while the supervision of the federal government. merits of public or private ownership of such a natural The action in both instances was taken in response to monument might be debatable, there could be no defense tribal resolutions asking the Bureau of Indian affairs to for such destructive operations as are now going on, and relinquish its control over them. that if private owners cannot be trusted to keep this Probably few if any of the tribes in the Southwest are highly significant landmark intact, then the only alternative ready to assume the responsibilities which go with full is public ownership. citizenship, and would not accept it if it were offered to Mr. Barringer states that funds from the sale of silica them. But it is encouraging to note that where circum- mined at the Crater are to be used for further exploration stances warrant it, the federal government is willing to of the meteoric mass believed to lie 1346 feet below the relinquish its guardianship — and that the precedent has south rim. been established. His statement raises an interesting question: For what Some of the tribes in California are approaching the purpose is this exploration work to be done? day when they may be released from reservation status If for purely scientific studies there may be justification without hardship to their members — and the Indian for such research. But if merely to determine whether or bureau is working toward that day — Independence Day not sufficient metal lies buried there to make it a feasible for the American Indian. He hasn't known such a day for mining project, then the ultimate result would-be a bit of more than 300 years. added wealth to the Barringer family fortune, a few more • • • guns and automobile door handles, and a big hole in the One of Desert's readers sent me a newspaper clipping ground having neither scientific nor scenic value — an about a little desert in the State of Maine. Near the town ugly monument to the immaturity of a generation which of Freeport there are 500 acres of shifting sand dunes permitted the destruction of this unique meteorite from surrounded by woodlands and rolling green meadows. the outer world. Various explanations have been advanced for this strange If Uncle Sam was the custodian of Meteor Crater, I geological freak, one being that it was the bed of an would have no misgivings as to its preservation. ancient lake and the sand is in the process of boiling up • • • from below. The owner has fenced it in and collects 60 cents admission from those who want to see what a Inquiries come to my office frequently from readers who desert is like. want to know what laws have been enacted for the pro- That is all right for Maine. For one who never saw a tection of wild burros. The answer: The California Fish desert 60 cents is a small price to pay for the privilege of and Game code reads as follows: "It is unlawful to kill getting acquainted with one. But at the rate of 60 cents or capture any undomesticated burro for the purpose of for 500 acres, I get a view worth a hundred dollars every using the carcass thereof for animal food." So far as I time I look out the window — and up in Monument Valley know other states have enacted no regulations. where Harry Goulding's front yard is visible for 125 miles, Many of us would like to see a more stringent law on no one but an Indian maharaja could afford to pay the the books than California has enacted. And yet it is a price of admission. debatable question. The Park service men in Death Valley Our desert is big and wide and not cluttered up with National Monument hold the view that when the burros too many fences. We like it that way. We hope it will increase to the point where they drive out the deer, their always remain a place where humans can escape from numbers should be reduced — for the reason that the deer the mad merry-go-round of business and social competi- is a native, while the burro is an intruder. tion— where thev may come, rich and poor alike, and There are not many areas yet where the burro has enjoy the sense of space and peace, and release from the become a menace to wildlife, but their numbers are fetters that humans place on each other when they are increasing and sooner or later the choice may have to be crowded too close together in the towns and cities.

46 THE DESERT MAGAZINE CREATE YOUR OWN HAND-MADE JEWELRY "Most of the really great work in metal was produced with simple hand tools." While not deprecating the use of power tools where there is a need for them, Andrew Dragunas in his craft book Creating Jewelry shows a definite sympathy for the hand artisan and be- WISE MR. COYOTE GAINS If you want to know the seamy side lieves that in creating an original style PLACE IN LITERATURE of Tombstone's story, if you want to the craftsman will experience the great- A much-maligned but very Ameri- meet the characters whose names are est personal satisfaction. can character, the coyote — that small, woven through the violent history of His book is a complete introduction wise, tuneful wolf of the prairie and the Old West, that is reason enough to to the craft of handmade jewelry. Al- desert — has been the subject of many read Billy King's Tombstone. though designed for the beginner, it tales, many legends, countless articles Billy King, long-time barkeeper and carries through to advanced techniques, and much persecution. part of the time a deputy sheriff, has provides step-by-step instruction in It has remained for J. Frank Dobie, told his story to C. L. Sonnichsen. jewelry design from the simple to the colorful raconteur of folklore of the Sonnichsen has tapped other sources finely wrought. Southwest, to portray the coyote sym- of information to round out his rois- tering tale. You may or may not like The author supplements his explicit pathetically. In The Voice of the Coy- descriptions of processes with more ote, Dobie passes on to the reader the the book — it makes no pretenses of being anything but what it is. than 50 diagrams which illustrate results of 30 years of study during methods outlined in the text. And he which he rode tnousands of miles, read Published by the Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, Idaho, 1942 and 1946, offers this encouragement to begin- tens of thousands of pages, talked with ners: "There is no reason the average hundreds of men who live in the vary- 33 illustrations, 233 pages. $3.00. • • • beginner cannot produce something ing types of country which the coyote worthwhile after a few hours practice, frequents — and even got the view- The lost gold of Arizona's Supersti- tion mountains continues to lure writ- if ingenuity, imagination and patience point of sheepmen, archenemies of the are placed above activity." coyote. ers as well as prospectors. Latest pub- Added to all this research is Dobie's lished manuscript on the subject is This is of interest: necessary tools own acquaintance of years with the Spanish Gold and The Lost Dutchman, are few and relatively inexpensive, one wild animal which has thrived and a 64-page paper bound booklet written Dragunas says. No special workshop is increased in numbers and extended his by Ludwig G. Rosecrans of Mesa, Ari- required. range as man encroached upon his zona. The author presents in brief form Published by Harper & Brothers, favored haunts. Started as a modest the many versions of the gold which New York, 1947, 143 pps., plus index collection of coyote tales, Dobie's book according to legend was discovered and preface, 51 diagrams, 9 photos. originally by Carlos Peralta and later $3.00. became a real study in natural history yielded a fortune to Jacob Walzer. The — but it is filled with interesting book is illustrated with sketches by stories from the life of the animal. This book may be ordered from John W. Bowers. Published by the Desert Crafts Shop Published by Little, Brown & Com- author at Mesa, Arizona. $1.00. pany, 34 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass., Palm Desert, California 1949, 386 pps., index, biblio. $4.00. This book may be ordered from Desert Crafts Shop Palm Desert, California FRONTIERSMEN OF THE Old WEST • • • Among the sturdy trail-blazers who came into the trail-less desert IT'S NOT REFINED. wilderness in the last century were three whose courage and prowess BUT IT HAPPENED have given them a lasting place in the annals of the frontier country. Tombstone from 1880 to 1905. The The stories of Bill Williams and Jim Bridger, mountain men, and Jacob worst and the best of the wild old Hamblin, Mormon missionary, have been preserved in three books times. Prostitutes, gamblers, drunks, which deserve a place in every library. train robbers and violent death. Bar- OLD BILL WILLIAMS, Mountain Man, By Alpheus H. Favour. rooms, honky-tonks and the frontier Trapper, trader and guide, whose exploits have made his name underworld. Cowboys, dance-hall girls, a legend, Ol' Bill Williams played a leading role in Southwest gunmen, sheriffs and saloonkeepers. history from 1825 to 1849 $3.00 Many old citizens and some writers insist that nine-tenths of the early in- JIM BRIDGER, Mountain Man, by Stanley Vestal. Fur trapper and habitants of famed Tombstone, Ari- Indian fighter, Bridger was one of the great explorers and path- zona, boom mining town, were quiet finders of early American history $3.50 and respectable homebodies. But when a saloonkeeper tells what he knows JACOB HAMBLIN. Buckskin Apostle, by Paul Bailey. To know about a community chances are he Jacob Hamblin is to know the turbulent history of the whole doesn't know much about the quiet, Mormon Southwest. Even the Indians respected his fine character. stay-at-home people. In the Old West $4.50 his friends were the noisy minority Books mailed postpaid. Californians add 3% sales tax who kept the doors swinging all night, the glasses clinking and the chips DESERT CRAFTS SHOP Palm Desert, California changing hands.

OCTOBER, 1949 47 tfetet!

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