Loudness-Dependent Behavioral Responses and Habituation to Sound by the Longfin Squid (Doryteuthis Pealeii)
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Seasonal and Size-Based Predation on Two Species of Squid by Four Fish
605 Abstract-Longfin inshore (Loligo Seasonal and size-based predation on pealeii) and northern shortfin (lllex illecebrosus) squids are considered two species of squid by four fish predators important prey species in the North west Atlantic shelf ecosystem. The on the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf diets of four major squid predators, bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), goose Michelle D. Staudinger fish (Lophius americanus), silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), and summer Department of Natural Resources Conservation flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), were 160 Holdsworth Way examined for seasonal and size-based University of Massachusetts, Amherst changes in feeding habits. Summer Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9285 and winter, two time periods largely Email address: [email protected] absent from previous evaluations, were found to be the most impor tant seasons for predation on squid, and are also the periods when the majority of squid are landed by the regional fishery. Bluefish >450 mm, silver hake >300 mm, and summer Global depletion of marine predators significant predators of squid (Bow flounder >400 mm were all found has had dramatic effects on ecosys man et al., 2000). Squid represented to be significant predators of squid. tem structure and function (May et between 17% and 95% of the total These same size fish correspond to al., 1979; Jackson et al., 2001; Pauly mass consumed by these four finfish age classes currently targeted for et al., 2002). In many systems, the regionally. Dramatic changes in stock biomass expansion by management ramifications of such changes may not abundance and population structure committees. This study highlights be fully realized. Groundfish declines have occurred since specimens for the importance of understanding how have been linked to simultaneous Bowman et al.'s study were collect squid and predator interactions vary increases in cephalopod landings temporally and with changes in com ed 25-45 years ago. -
Evolutionary and Homeostatic Changes in Morphology of Visual Dendrites of Mauthner Cells in Astyanax Blind Cavefish
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.094680; this version posted May 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Research Article 2 Evolutionary and homeostatic changes in morphology of visual dendrites of 3 Mauthner cells in Astyanax blind cavefish 4 5 Zainab Tanvir1, Daihana Rivera1, Kristen E. Severi1, Gal Haspel1, Daphne Soares1* 6 7 1 Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark NJ 8 07102 9 10 11 12 Short Title: Astyanax Mauthner cell ventral dendrites 13 14 15 *Corresponding Author 16 Daphne Soares 17 Biological Sciences 18 New Jersey Institute of Technology 19 100 Summit street 20 Newark, NJ, 07102, USA 21 Tel: 973 596 6421 22 Fax: 23 E-mail: [email protected] 24 Keywords: Evolution, neuron, fish, homeostasis, adaptation 25 26 Abstract bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.094680; this version posted May 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 27 Mauthner cells are the largest neurons in the hindbrain of teleost fish and most amphibians. Each 28 cell has two major dendrites thought to receive segregated streams of sensory input: the lateral 29 dendrite receives mechanosensory input while the ventral dendrite receives visual input. -
Reconstruction of Original Body Size and Estimation of Allometric
101 Reconstruction of original body size tie length in squid) in population and other types of surveys, information and estimation of allometric relationships on total length may not always be for the Iongtin inshore squid <Loligo pealeit1 readily available. Therefore, knowl edge of allometric relationships may and northern shortfin squid (///ex il/ecebrosus> be useful to. accurately assess trophic interactions and predator-prey rela Michelle D. Staudinger' tionships. For the majority of ceph alopod species, there are currently 1 Francis Juanes no predictive equations to estimate Suzanne Carlson2 total length from mantle length and Email address for contact author: [email protected] to account for variability in growth. 1 Department of Natural Resources Conservation To improve descriptions of the feed University of Massachusetts Amherst ing habits of teuthophagous preda Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9285 tors and to increase the number of 2 School of Natural Science evaluations of size-based predation Hampshire CoRege on cephalopod prey we present 1) pre Amherst, Massachusetts, 01002 dictive equations for reconstructing original prey size and 2) allometric relationships of mantle length to total body length for the two most common species of cephalopods in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, L. pealeii Quantification of predator-prey body mammals (Gannon et al., 1997; Wil and I. illecebrosus. size relationships is essential to under liams, 1999). standing trophic dynamics in marine As with the bones and otoliths of ecosystems. Prey lengths recovered prey fish, cephalopod beaks are often Materials and methods from predator stomachs help deter recovered from predator stomachs mine the sizes of prey most influential and may be used for identification of Loligo pealeii were collected by otter in supporting predator growth and prey species and the reconstruction trawl from coastal waters off Mas to ascertain size-specific effects of of original prey body size (Clarke, sachusetts during the months of May natural mortality on prey populations 1986). -
Diet Analysis of Stranded Bottlenose Dolphins (<I>Tursiops Truncatus</I
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Spring 2020 Diet Analysis of Stranded Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Virginia Kristen Marie Volker Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Volker, Kristen M.. "Diet Analysis of Stranded Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Virginia" (2020). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/6bas-rj82 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/113 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIET ANALYSIS OF STRANDED BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) IN VIRGINIA by Kristen Marie Volker B.S. December 2008, University of New England A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY MAY 2020 Approved by: Ian Bartol (Director) Holly Gaff (Member) Kent Carpenter (Member) Damon Gannon (Member) ABSTRACT DIET ANALYSIS OF STRANDED BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) IN VIRGINIA Kristen Marie Volker Old Dominion University, 2020 Director: Dr. Ian Bartol This study describes the diet of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded in Virginia via stomach content analysis and considers factors such as proportion of numerical abundance and reconstructed mass, frequency of occurrence, average reconstructed prey size, prey diversity and quantity, and otolith degradation code. -
A Review of the Diversity in Motor Control, Kinematics and Behaviour Paolo Domenici1,* and Melina E
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2019) 222, jeb166009. doi:10.1242/jeb.166009 REVIEW Escape responses of fish: a review of the diversity in motor control, kinematics and behaviour Paolo Domenici1,* and Melina E. Hale2 ABSTRACT 1978a; Weihs, 1973) and neural control (Eaton et al., 1977; Eaton and The study of fish escape responses has provided important insights Hackett, 1984), and it focused on a small number of species (mainly into the accelerative motions and fast response times of these animals. goldfish, trout and pike). As a result, fish escapes were seen as In addition, the accessibility of the underlying neural circuits has made stereotyped responses (Webb, 1984a). This basic high-acceleration the escape response a fundamental model in neurobiology. Fish escape response was described as occurring in three stages: stage 1 ‘ ’ escape responses were originally viewed as highly stereotypic all-or- (see Glossary), the preparatory stage, in which the body bends none behaviours. However, research on a wide variety of species has rapidly with minimal translation of the centre of mass; stage 2 (see ‘ ’ shown considerable taxon-specific and context-dependent variability Glossary), the propulsive stroke, when the fish accelerates away from in the kinematics and neural control of escape. In addition, escape-like its initial position; and stage 3, in which the fish either continues motions have been reported: these resemble escape responses swimming or starts gliding (Weihs, 1973). The first two stages have kinematically, but occur in situations that do not involve a response to a been the focus of most literature on escape response kinematics threatening stimulus. -
Geographic and Temporal Patterns in Size and Maturity of the Longfin Inshore Squid (Loligo Pealeii) Off the Northeastern United States
Geographic and temporal patterns in size and maturity of the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) off the northeastern United States Item Type article Authors Hatfield, Emma M.C.; Cadrin, Steven X. Download date 04/10/2021 18:55:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31057 200 Abstract–Analysis of 32 years of stan Geographic and temporal patterns dardized survey catches (1967–98) indi cated differential distribution patterns in size and maturity of the longfin inshore squid for the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) over the northwest Atlantic (Loligo pealeii) off the northeastern United States U.S. continental shelf, by geographic region, depth, season, and time of day. Emma M.C. Hatfield Catches were greatest in the Mid- Atlantic Bight, where there were sig Steven X. Cadrin nificantly greater catches in deep water Northeast Fisheries Science Center during winter and spring, and in National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA shallow water during autumn. Body 166 Water Street size generally increased with depth Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 in all seasons. Large catches of juve Present address (for E.M.C. Hatfield): FRS Marine Laboratory niles in shallow waters off southern Victoria Road New England during autumn resulted Aberdeen AB11 9DB from inshore spawning observed during Scotland, United Kingdom late spring and summer; large propor E-mail address (for E. M. C. Hatfield): e.hatfi[email protected] tions of juveniles in the Mid-Atlantic Bight during spring suggest that sub stantial winter spawning also occurs. Few mature squid were caught in sur vey samples in any season; the major ity of these mature squid were cap tured south of Cape Hatteras during The longfin inshore squid, Loligo pea- mers, 1967; 1969; Serchuk and Rathjen, spring. -
Three-Dimensional Observations of Swarms of Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) Made Using a Multi-Beam Echosounder
ARTICLE IN PRESS Deep-Sea Research II 57 (2010) 508–518 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research II journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Three-dimensional observations of swarms of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) made using a multi-beam echosounder Martin J. Cox a,n, Joseph D. Warren b, David A. Demer c, George R. Cutter c, Andrew S. Brierley a a Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK b School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968, USA c Advanced Survey Technology Program, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA article info abstract Article history: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) aggregate in dense swarms. Previous investigations of krill swarms Accepted 30 October 2009 have used conventional single- or split-beam echosounders that, with post-processing, provide a two- Available online 11 November 2009 dimensional (2-D) view of the water column, leaving the third dimension to be inferred. We used a multi-beam echosounder system (SM20, 200 kHz, Kongsberg Mesotech Ltd, Canada) from an inflatable Topical issue on ‘‘Krill Biology and Ecology.’’ boat (length=5.5 m) to sample water-column backscatter, particularly krill swarms, directly in 2-D and, The issue is compiled and guest-edited by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), with post-processing, to provide a three dimensional (3-D) view of entire krill swarms. The study took International Council for the Exploration of the place over six days (2–8 February 2006) in the vicinity of Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Sea (ICES), and Global Ocean Ecosystem Antarctica (62.41S, 60.71W). -
Ink from Longfin Inshore Squid, Doryteuthis Pealeii, As a Chemical and Visual Defense Against Two Predatory Fishes, Summer Floun
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Woods Hole Open Access Server Reference: Biol. Bull. 225: 152–160. (December 2013) © 2013 Marine Biological Laboratory Ink From Longfin Inshore Squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, as a Chemical and Visual Defense Against Two Predatory Fishes, Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and Sea Catfish, Ariopsis felis CHARLES D. DERBY*, MIHIKA TOTTEMPUDI, TIFFANY LOVE-CHEZEM, AND LANNA S. WOLFE Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303; and The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Abstract. Chemical and visual defenses are used by many Introduction organisms to avoid being approached or eaten by predators. Anti-predatory defenses can be found in many forms An example is inking molluscs—including gastropods such throughout the animal kingdom, operating through a variety as sea hares and cephalopods such as squid, cuttlefish, and of sensory systems of predators, including olfactory, visual, octopus—which release a colored ink upon approach or and auditory (Ruxton et al., 2004; Caro, 2005; Eisner et al., attack. Previous work showed that ink can protect molluscs 2007). Some molluscs use ink as a chemical defense against through a combination of chemical, visual, and other ef- predators. Previous work on slow-moving inking mol- fects. In this study, we examined the effects of ink from luscs—sea hares, Aplysia spp.—revealed a variety of mol- longfin inshore squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, on the behavior ecules acting as chemical defenses through a variety of of two species of predatory fishes, summer flounder, mechanisms (Derby, 2007; Derby and Aggio, 2011). One Paralichthys dentatus, and sea catfish, Ariopsis felis. -
Temperament, Reward and Punishment Sensitivity, and Clinical Disorders: Implications for Behavioral Case Formulation and Therapy
International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy Volume 1, No. 1, 2005 Temperament, reward and punishment sensitivity, and clinical disorders: Implications for behavioral case formulation and therapy Richard F. Farmer University of Canterbury Abstract Recent research in psychology, psychiatry and neuroscience has demonstrated reliable associations between temperament and individual differences in sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental cues and behavioral consequences. Temperament–influenced behavior patterns evident in infancy have also been found to predict behavioral tendencies in adulthood. Such observations suggest that neurophysiological structures and physiological events associated with temperament concepts exert a mediating or moderating influence between current environmental events and behavior. This paper summarizes relevant research on individual differences in sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental cues and behavioral consequences with reference to Jeffrey Gray’s neuropsychological theory of temperament. Implications of temperament research for behavioral case formulation and therapy are described. Key words. Temperament, reward sensitivity, punishment sensitivity, behavioral case formulation, behavior therapy The concept of temperament is emerging as a potentially important consideration in behavioral case formulation and therapy. There are at least three reasons why temperament may be important: (a) in a variety of studies temperament constructs have been linked to individual differences in reward and punishment sensitivity (e.g., Gray & McNaughton, 2000), (b) individual differences in temperament have been postulated to affect environments in which they are expressed, and that such environments, in turn, reciprocally affect future displays of temperamentally–influenced behavior (e.g., Rothbart, Ahadi, & Evans, 2000), and (c) temperament has emerged as an influential factor in the form or expression of several varieties of psychopathology (e.g., Claridge & Davis, 2003). -
Mackerel Closure Framework (Framework 12) ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, and BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN
Mackerel Closure Framework (Framework 12) ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, AND BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN Measures to Modify Atlantic Mackerel In-Season Closure Provisions Includes Draft Supplemental Environmental Assessment and Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Prepared by the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (Council) in collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Council Address NMFS Address Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office 800 North State Street, Suite 201 55 Great Republic Drive Dover, DE 19901 Gloucester, MA 01930 Submitted to NOAA: 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND TABLE OF CONTENTS This supplemental environmental assessment (SEA) updates the attached previously approved Environmental Assessment (EA) for: “Specifications and Management Measures For: Atlantic Mackerel (2016-2018, Including River Herring and Shad Cap); Butterfish Mesh Rules; and Longfin Squid Pre- Trip Notification System (PTNS)” (also described in this document as the “2016-2018 Mackerel EA” or “original EA”) that analyzed the catch limits, commercial quotas, recreational harvest limits, and management measures (called specifications) for Atlantic Mackerel for the 2016-2018 fishing years. This document is not a stand-alone document, but rather a supplement and is intended to be utilized in conjunction with the previously approved EA (final rule 4/26/16: https://www.greateratlantic.fisheries.noaa.gov/regs/2016/April/16msb2016specsfr.pdf). Unless otherwise noted, the original EA prepared for this action and attached to this SEA remains applicable. Therefore, sections addressed in this supplement should be considered within the context of the original EA. In this Framework Adjustment to the Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish Fishery Management Plan (MSB FMP) the Council considers measures to modify the in-season closure provisions for the Atlantic mackerel (“mackerel” hereafter) fishery. -
Squid Fishing: from Hook to Plate
FROM HOOK TO PLATE ver the past few years, squid fishing has become less of an oddity and more of a summertime staple on New Hampshire’s coast. Their documented range extends up to Newfoundland, but until recently, the major concentrations of squid stayed south of Cape Cod. Anglers anticipate the arrival of squid in the Piscataqua River in early summer, and they are fished for as far north as mid-coast Maine. Squid jigs can be found in most seacoast New Hampshire tackle shops during the summer. These are as odd looking as the squid themselves, with upward-turned metal pins at the end of the jig in the place of hooks. Squid are fascinating creatures; let’s explore their unique traits and life history a bit before we go fishing. Camouflage, Communication and Courtship The longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) is a fast growing, short lived molluscan inverte- brate. It is a cephalopod (meaning “head foot”), closely related to the octopus and cuttlefish. These creatures all have their feeding and major sensory organs on the part of their bodies to which the tentacles attach. While this peculiar body structure may be the first thing you notice about a squid, the second is likely to be its dazzling ability to camouflage. Squid have “chromatophores,” which are cells dense in pigment. Nerves and muscles control the contraction or dilation of these pigmented sacs, resulting in a change in color or pattern on the creature. This can be done at a very high speed, resulting in what looks like flashing. This behavior serves several purposes, including camouflage, communica- tion and courtship. -
Environmental Effects on Fish Escape Responses
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2015 Environmental effects on fish escape responses: impact of flow on the escape performance of the Hawaiian stream goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni Kelly Diamond Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Diamond, Kelly, "Environmental effects on fish escape responses: impact of flow on the escape performance of the Hawaiian stream goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni" (2015). All Theses. 2232. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2232 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FISH ESCAPE RESPONSES: IMPACT OF FLOW ON THE ESCAPE PERFORMANCE OF THE HAWAIIAN STREAM GOBY, SICYOPTERUS STIMPSONI A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Biological Sciences by Kelly M. Diamond August 2015 Accepted by: Dr. Richard W. Blob, Committee Chair Dr. Heiko L. Schoenfuss Dr. Michael J. Childress Dr. Michael W. Sears ABSTRACT The ability of fish to escape from predators is a critical behavior for their survival. Experimental measurements of escape performance in fishes have typically been based on trials conducted in still water; however, such environmental conditions are rare in nature due to waves and currents that expose fishes to unsteady and/or directional flow. I examined the effects of water flow and predator attack direction on the escape behavior of fish, using juveniles of the amphidromous Hawaiian goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni as a model system.