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Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland Aidan McGarry Paul Hainsworth Chris Gilligan Project part financed by the European Union Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements 2 Abbreviations 3 Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction: Context and Content 5 2. Contact and Interaction 10 3. Issues and Concerns 14 4. Parties: Organisation and Practice 24 Conclusion 33 Appendices 35 Bibliography 41 University of Ulster Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed to the research project in a number of ways, and we are grateful to them. The staff at INCORE offered invaluable advice and support. In particular here we would like to thank Ann Marie Dorrity, Professor Gillian Robinson who was also Chair of the project’s Management Board and Roisin O’Hagan. Thanks also to Professor Mairead NicCraith, Professor Brice Dickson, and Elly Odhiambo who comprised our Management Board. Carmel Roulston was supportive as Head of the School of Economics and Politics at the University of Ulster. We also acknowledge the help of Teresa Rios in organising the final conference. The data input and analysis from the project’s questionnaire was carried out by Dr. Gary Adamson (University of Ulster), and his painstaking work is much appreciated. We would also like to acknowledge the expertise and patience of Philip Burch who designed the reports for the project. Chris Gilligan would like to acknowledge the support of the School of Languages and Social Sciences at Aston University and in particular the support of Professor Gargi Bhattacharyya. The project was made possible through the financial support received from the EU Programme for Peace and Reconciliation within Measure 2:1, Reconciliation for Sustainable Peace. The funding was administered through the Community Relations Council of Northern Ireland. We would like to acknowledge this support. Finally, we would like to thank those individuals who participated in the research and interviews including elected representatives, political party staff and officers, local council officers, minority ethnic community representatives and advocates. The questionnaire was refined through a pilot study and thanks go to those individuals who made helpful comments. Also, our gratitude goes to those elected representatives who responded to the questionnaire. We appreciate the effort made by all those who made time to contribute to the research, and the project would not have been possible without them. We hope that the research will contribute to debate on how political parties and elected representatives address the concerns and interests of minority ethnic communities in Northern Ireland. The authors are solely responsible for the content and research presented in this report. Aidan McGarry, Paul Hainsworth and Chris Gilligan June 2008 2 University of Ulster Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland ABBREVIATIONS BME Black and Minority Ethnic ALL Alliance Party Animate Action Now to Integrate Minority Access To Equality CWA Chinese Welfare Association DUP Democratic Unionist Party GP Green Party EU European Union INCORE International Conflict Research MCRC Multi-Cultural Resource Centre MLA Member of the Legislative Assembly NCCRI National Consultative Committee on Racism and Interculturalism NI Northern Ireland NICEM Northern Ireland Council for Ethnic Minorities NILT Northern Ireland Life and Times OFMDFM Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister PSNI Police Service of Northern Ireland PUP Progressive Unionist Party RES Racial Equality Strategy SDLP Social Democratic and Labour Party SEEDS Solidarity Equality Education Diversity Support SF Sinn Féin STEP South Tyrone Empowerment Programme UUP Ulster Unionist Party University of Ulster 3 Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of the project is to examine the attitudes of elected representatives and political parties in Northern Ireland towards minority ethnic communities. It also explores the extent and nature of political parties’ and elected representatives’ engagement with minority ethnic communities. The research began on March 1st 2007 and ended on June 30th 2008. Northern Ireland is becoming a more diverse society in the twenty first century. In this respect, minority ethnic communities have made, and will continue to make, a valuable contribution to the richness and diversity of society. However, these communities have also faced problems such as racism, of a direct or institutional nature, and de facto exclusion from political and other spheres in Northern Ireland. In many ways, Northern Ireland politics is at a new crossroads of opportunities as regards intercultural and community relations. One aim of the project is to examine perceptions within the main political parties and assess how elected representatives and parties have engaged with and mainstreamed minority ethnic interests in their manifestos, structures and practices. The project utilises a rigorous methodological approach in order to ascertain to what extent elected representatives/political parties are engaged with individuals from minority ethnic backgrounds, and their concerns, in Northern Ireland. We triangulated our research by using three different sources of information which provide indicators of this engagement. Firstly, we conducted a review of the political party election manifestos from 1994-2007 (Democratic Unionist Party (DUP); Sinn Féin (SF); Ulster Unionist Party (UUP); Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP); the Alliance Party (ALL); and the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP)). Secondly, in September/October 2007, a questionnaire was sent out to 643 elected representatives (all Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and local councillors in Northern Ireland), and 201 completed questionnaires were returned. This gave a response rate of 32%, which is very respectable for a postal survey. The questionnaire attracted a good response from all the political parties and thus reflects Nationalist, Unionist, and other perspectives, as well as different geographic localities. Thirdly, the project included semi-structured interviews with 46 individuals (28 elected representatives and 18 minority ethnic community representatives and/or advocates) conducted between October 2007 and April 2008. Finally, several events were organised as part of the project in order to gain feedback. A seminar was held in February 2008 at the Magee campus of the University of Ulster in collaboration with INCORE’s ‘Diversity in Action’ project which brought together elected representatives and minority ethnic community representatives and advocates. The initial research findings were also presented in December 2007 and March 2008 in Enniskillen and Newry respectively to local councillors who provided constructive critical engagement and insights. In addition, a workshop at the ‘Racism: Moving Beyond Denial’ conference, which was organised by Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council in April 2008, provided an opportunity for further constructive debate and valuable input. The results of the research were presented to elected representatives and minority ethnic community representatives and advocates at a conference on May 7th 2008 which was held at the Belfast campus of the University of Ulster. The event brought together relevant stakeholders, under Chatham House rules, to discuss the key issues which the research addressed. An interim report was produced and sent to all local councillors and MLAs in March 2008, as well as to minority ethnic community representatives and advocates. The interim report served as the springboard for discussions at the conference. The Research Associate for this project, Dr. Aidan McGarry, presented the findings of the completed research to the approximately 35 invited participants who attended. Anna Lo (MLA) from the Alliance Party then responded to the research findings. A panel discussion involving political party representatives followed. Each of the main political parties in Northern Ireland was represented as follows: Robin Newton (DUP); Jennifer McCann (SF); Richard Watson (UUP); Dolores Kelly (SDLP); and Ian Parsley (ALL). Finally, there was a panel discussion led by representatives from minority ethnic communities: Eva Grosman (Polish community); Eileen Chan-Hu (Chinese community); and Derek Hanway (Traveller community). Conference participants acknowledged the findings of the research and provided useful feedback which has been incorporated into this final report. 4 University of Ulster Elected Representatives/Political Parties and Minority Ethnic Communities in Northern Ireland 1. INTRODUCTION: CONTEXT AND CONTENT Since the commencement of the peace process in the 1990s space has opened up in Northern Ireland for society to recognise, examine and explore ‘other’ questions, that - due to the all-encompassing nature of the ‘Troubles’ - have not received much attention in the past. Opportunities have become available to focus on issues of societal importance that hitherto have been ignored, sidelined or even denied. The concerns of minority ethnic communities in Northern Ireland constitute one of the issues that have taken on greater prominence since the 1990s. As a result, there has been a lot of
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