SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD RALEIGH RELAYS March 30-31 // Raleigh, N.C. IN THE BLOCKS BIG TEN OUTDOOR TRACK & FIELD CHAMPIONSHIPS NTS Michigan State track & field will head to Blooming- ton, Indiana, for the 2018 Big Ten Championships SPARTAN INVITATIONAL at the Robert C. Haugh Track & Field Complex April 6-7 // East Lansing, Mich. May 11-13. This will be Indiana’s sixth time hosting NTS the Big Ten Outdoor Championships. The Robert C. Haugh Track & Field Complex last hosted a con- ference championship in 2010. ACC/B1G CHALLENGE April 13 // Louisville, Ky. Men - 2nd (175) Women - 3rd (148.50) FOLLOWING THE MEET Live results will be available at MSUSpartans.com. Championships Central is available JESSE OWENS CLASSIC April 20-21 // Columbus, Ohio at http://bit.ly/B1GTrack18. Recaps of Michigan State’s performances and results will NTS posted at MSUSpartans.com. // Live Coverage // Follow the B1G Championship via FloTrack - http://bit.ly/B1GFlo and VIRGINIA CHALLENGE April 20-21 // Charlottesville, Va. BTN Plus - http://bit.ly/BTN2GOTF NTS Michigan State track & field resumes action, heading to Bloomington, Indiana for the 2018 Big Ten Outdoor Track & Field Championships Friday, May 11, to Sunday, May HILLSDALE GINA RELAYS 13. The three-day meet will take place at Robert C. Haugh Track & Field on the campus April 27-28 // Hillsdale, Mich. NTS of Indiana University. Last year, Purdue women and Penn State’s men captured the team titles, as 13 Big Ten schools participate in .

“For the elite athletes, it’s really good preparation for the Nationals, because they’re go- B1G OTF CHAMPIONSHIPS ing to line up with so many people that they’re going to see in two weeks, and then two May 11-13 // Bloomington, Ind. weeks after that in the NCAA final, so I think it’s good preparation for that. For most of us, we’re not warm weather teams until now, so having the opportunity to be in better, consistent weather, I think you’ll see some outstanding performances. For the develop- NCAA EAST PRELIMS mental kids, it gives them a real good sense of where the bar is and how much better May 24-26 // Tampa, Fla. they have to get. Hopefully, that translates into something that starts in September,” said Director of Track & Field and Cross Country Walt Drenth.

The meet opens at noon on Friday with the , as well as the women’s hammer. NCAA CHAMPIONSHIPS The decathlon kicks off with the 100 meters, while the follows at 12:15 p.m. June 6-8 // Eugene, Ore. with the 100-meter hurdles. Friday features finals of the men’s and women’s hammer throw, women’s , men and women’s javelin and the men and women’s 10,000 meters.

Saturday’s slate begins at 10:30 a.m. with the decathlon’s 110-meter hurdle competition. Finals of the men and women’s long jump, men and women’s shot put, women’s and men and women’s steeplechase will be contested on Saturday.

// SOCIAL CORNER // The third and final day of action will commence at 11 a.m. with the finals of the men’s @MSUTrackFieldXC triple jump and the women’s discus, and will conclude with the 4x400-meter relays at approximately 3:45 p.m. facebook.com/MSUTF

SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES

QUICK FACTS MSU TRACK & FIELD in 5...4...3...2...1 Men’s Location...... East Lansing, Michigan 1 | SENIOR STANDOUTS Program Founded...... 1938 Michigan State heads to Bloomington with a very experienced team led by several Spar- Conference...... Big Ten tans competing in their final Big Ten Championship. Redshirt seniors Tim Ehrhardt Enrollment...... 50,085 and Katelyn Daniels join seniors Noah Gary and Jade Madison among the experienced Nickname...... Spartans Colors...... Green (1C453B) & White leaders for Michigan State. Five-time All-American Ehrhardt broke the MSU record Twitter Handle...... @MSUTrackFieldXC in the decathlon with 8,044 points at the Virginia Challenge on April 21. The previous Facebook URL...... https://www.facebook.com/MSUTF record was 8,041 points held by Paul Terek in 2002. Gary finished third in the Virginia Interim President...... John Engler Challenge with a season-best pole vault of 5.10m. Interim Director of Athletics...... Bill Beekman Senior Women’s Administrator...... Shelley Appelbaum Daniels has MSU’s top throws in the shot put (16.19m), discus (57.11m) and the ham- Head Coach, Year...... Walt Drenth, 12th mer (54.26m). She is the Michigan State record holder in the shot put (16.40m, 2017) Associate Head Coach...... Lisa Senakiewich and the discus (60.54m, 2015). Jade Madison has a solid history in the Big Ten Champi- Assistant Coaches...... Ceith Creekmur, ons with a then-personal best throw of 48.30m in the B1G Championship in 2017. She ...... Yolanda Johnson, Lonnie Pugh, Aaron Simoneau topped that with a heave of 49.20m at the NCAA Championship in 2017. 2017 Big Ten Finish...... 11th, 28 pts. All-Big Ten...... Kiprotich (First Team) “We just want to make sure they stay who they’ve been, don’t make any big changes. Women’s I think that striving for consistency is important for KD (Katelyn Daniels), Tim (Eh- Location...... East Lansing, Michigan rhardt) and Noah (Gary). We have some outstanding seniors, so there’s a bunch of them Program Founded...... 1974 that we’ll look to but really, I don’t want them to be something that they haven’t been all Conference...... Big Ten year. Mostly we want them to come out and just be at their best and have fun. If they’re Enrollment...... 50,085 fully engaged and embrace the weekend, it’ll be a lot of fun for them.” Drenth said. Nickname...... Spartans Colors...... Green (1C453B) & White 2 | THE DISTANCE SQUAD Twitter Handle...... @MSUTrackFieldXC On the women’s side, the Spartans hold three of the top eight spots in the Big Ten in the Facebook URL...... https://www.facebook.com/MSUTF Interim President...... John Engler 10,000m led by sophomore Lynsie Gram (34.05.55), sophomore Amber Way (34:52.45) Interim Director of Athletics...... Bill Beekman and junior Jessica Goethals (35.34.95). Gram has the second-fastest time in the B1G Senior Women’s Administrator...... Shelley Appelbaum this season, while Way has the sixth and Goethals has the eighth-fastest time this out- Head Coach, Year...... Walt Drenth, 12th door season. On the men’s side, senior Clark Ruiz has the sixth-fastest time in the Big Associate Head Coach...... Lisa Senakiewich Ten in the 10,000m (29:9.30). Ruiz also has the eighth-fastest time in the league in the Assistant Coaches...... Ceith Creekmur, 5,000m (14:02.03)...... Yolanda Johnson, Lonnie Pugh, Aaron Simoneau 2017 Big Ten Finish...... 10th, 34 pts. 3 | WHAT TO WATCH FOR All-Big Ten...... Daniels (Second Team) The 2018 Michigan State squad is a diverse group with strengths in many events. MSU will be counting on the mix of veterans and newcomers at this year’s Big Ten Outdoor Championship. On the women’s side, freshman Sophia Franklin is tied for fifth in the pole vault (4.11m), standing tied with Penn State’s Katie Jones. On the men’s side, senior Clark Ruiz is sixth in the Big Ten this season in the 10,000m with a time of 29:39.30 at the Raleigh Relays on March 30. Redshirt-sophomore Jonathan Fife has had a solid campaign, holding the seventh-fastest time in the B1G in the 200m (20.89) and 16th- fastest in the 100m (10.62).

Follow the Spartans on Twitter @msutrack- “We’ll see breakthroughs from a few people. Are we expecting anyone to come out fieldxc. To get the latest on all of Michigan State’s and do something we haven’t seen all year? Not necessarily. We’ll see incremental im- athletic teams, be sure to follow @MSU_Athletics. provements. We’ll see people rise to opportunity. Some of them may do something they haven’t done all year, but it won’t be a surprise. I believe they’re probably won’t be a ‘Oh The Spartans are on Facebook as well! Like the man, did that just happen?’ moment.” Drenth added. Michigan State Track & Field and Cross Coun- try page. 4 | DEFENDING CHAMPION Justine Kiprotich looks to defend his title 1,500m was the only Spartan to capture gold All results and press releases about the Spartans last season when he won his first Big Ten title with a time of 3:48.72. This season, he will be posted to MSUSpartans.com. To have has the third-best time in the Big Ten, clocking 3:44.17 at the Virginia Challenge on releases emailed to you, send requests to cross April 20. country contact, Kara Fisher at [email protected]. edu. 5 | STEEPLE STARS Michigan State continues to have a strong tradition in the 3,000m steeplechase. Senior All interview requests for student-athletes and Max Benoit is currently third in the conference with a season-best time of 8:53.55 at coaches should be directed toward Kara Fisher the Virginia Challenge on April 20. At the same meet, sophomore Winter Romeyn at [email protected] or by phone (517) 896- clocked in at 8:55.58 which is the fourth-best time in the league this season and also a 0724. personal best.

2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES

WALT DRENTH DIRECTOR OF TRACK FIELD AND CROSS COUNTRY (12TH SEASON) // COACHING HONORS // • Two-time Pac-10 Women’s Coach of the Year (1999, 2000, Cross Country) • West Region Women’s Coach of the Year (2000, Cross Country) • Two-time MAC Coach of the Year (1988, 1989, Cross Country) • Three-time Central Collegiate Coach of the Year (1987, 1988, 1989, Cross Coun- try) • Five-time CAA Coach of the Year (1990, 1992-95, Cross Country) • Two-time District II Coach of the Year (1990, 1995, Cross Country) • District IV Coach of the Year (1989, Cross Country) • Five-time Great Lakes Coach of the Year (2006, 2007, 2010, 2014 Women’s Cross Country, 2017 Men’s Cross Country) • Five-time Big Ten Coach of the Year (2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 Women’s Cross Country, 2015 Outdoor Track & Field) • 2014 USTFCCCA Women’s National Coach of the Year

// ATHLETE HONORS // • 483 Academic All-Big Ten honorees (Cross Country, Track) • 153 All-Americans (Cross Country, Track) • 49 NCAA Championships Berths (Cross Country, Track) • 80 Academic All-Americans (Cross Country, Track) • 73 Big Ten Distinguished Scholar honorees • 34 Conference Championships (Cross Country, Track) • 38 NCAA Top-20 Finishes (Cross Country, Track) • 14 Academic All-American Teams (Cross Country, Track) • Five Great Lakes Regional Championships (Cross Country) • Four Great Lakes Regional Athlete of the Year (Cross Country) • One District IV Title (1989, Cross Country)

// The Spartan Staff //

Lisa Senakiewich Yolanda Johnson Associate Head Coach Assistant Coach - Sprints & Horizontal Jumps Eighth Season at MSU Second Season at MSU

Ceith Creekmur Lonnie Pugh Assistant Coach - Vertical Jumps & Multi’s Assistant Coach - throws Fifth Season at MSU Second Season at MSU

Aaron Simoneau Assistant Coach - Distance Fourth Season at MSU

2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES 3,000-METER STEEPLE Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Bridget Blake Louisville Invitational ...... 1st ...... 10:42.55 Karrigan Smith Virginia Challenge ...... 4th ..... 10:14.05 (pr) Mackenzie Weiler Virginia Challenge ...... 12th .... 10:39.87 (pr) 5,000-METER RUN 2018 Women’s Outdoor Season Bests Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Maggie Farrell Virginia Challenge ...... 21st ...... 16:35.72 Date Meet Location (Result/Points) Jessica Goethals Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 14th ...... 17:01.43 3/30-31 Raleigh Relays NTS Samantha Hanson Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 13th .... 16:59.65 (pr) 4/6-7 Spartan Invitational NTS Bailey Johnson Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .22nd ...... 17:29.76 4/13-14 Louisville Invitational (ACC/B1G Challenge) 3rd/146.50 India Johnson Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 6th .....16:47.14 (ua) 4/20-21 Jesse Owens Classic/Virginia Challenge NTS Sarah Kettel Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 11th .... 16:57.66 (pr) 4/27-28 GINA Relays NTS Jenna Magness Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 3rd .....16:44.37 (ua) 5/11-13 Big Ten Championships Erin McDonald Raleigh Relays ...... 13th .... 16:18.20 (pr) 5/24-26 NCAA East Regional Jeralyn Poe Raleigh Relays ...... 17th .... 16:22.42 (pr) 6/6-6/8 NCAA Championships Jenny Rogers Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 17th .... 17:08.74 (pr) NTS - No Team Score 10,000-METER RUN Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark 100-METER DASH Jessica Goethals Raleigh Relays ...... 31st ...... 35:34.95 Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Lynsie Gram Raleigh Relays ...... 3rd ..... 34:05.55 (pr) Autumn Robinson Raleigh Relays ...... 47th ...... 12.68 Amber Way Raleigh Relays ...... 20th ...... 34:52.45 100-METER HURDLES 4X100-METER RELAY Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Sophia Franklin Raleigh Relays ...... 39th ...... 15.42 (pr) D. Coleman, B. Bogan, Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ....2nd ...... 46.90 Andrea Pangori Raleigh Relays ...... 26th ...... 15.12 D. Spann, T. Mullins B. Bogan, T. Mullins, Spartan Invitational ...... 1st ...... 48.30 200-METER DASH D. Spann, A. Robinson Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Taylor Mullins Virginia Challenge ...... 25th ...... 24.94 (pr) 4X400-METER RELAY Brooke Bogan Jesse Owens Classic ...... 43rd ...... 26.68 Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark T. Mullins, D. McClintock, Louisville Invitational ...... 3rd ...... 3:49.36 400-METER DASH K. Kavulich, B. Bogan Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark B. Bogan, A. Pangori, Raleigh Relays ...... 2nd ...... 3:59.18 Brooke Bogan Raleigh Relays ...... 39th ...... 58.86 D. Coleman, D. Spann Denise Spann Jesse Owens Classic ...... 16th ...... 57.49 4X800-METER RELAY 400-METER HURDLES Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark K. Kavulich, D. McClintock, Raleigh Relays ...... 1st ...... 8:44.98 Taylor Mullins Virginia Challenge ...... 4th ...... 59.35 (pr) L. Rudden, C. Arteaga Drew Coleman Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 6th ...... 1:05.32 (pr) 4X1500-METER RELAY 800-METER RUN Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark C. Arteaga, B. Blake, Raleigh Relays ...... 1st ...... 18:10.94 Carlyn Arteaga Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 4th ...... 2:12.18 L. Rudden, K. Kavulich Claire Brouwer Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 20th ...... 2:20.29 (pr) Patricia Girardot Spartan Invitational ...... 24th ...... 2:33.26 (pr) HIGH JUMP Kayla Kavulich Louisville Invitational ...... 4th ...... 2:11.77 Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jenna Magness Spartan Invitational ...... 6th ...... 2:24.31 (ua) Ellen DiPietro Louisville Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 1.79m Dillon McClintock Louisville Invitational ...... 1st ...... 2:07.62 Andrea Pangori Raleigh Relays ...... 6th ...... 1.60m Lindsey Rudden Spartan Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 2:18.95 (pr) Denise Spann Spartan Invitational ...... 28th ...... 2:35.14 (pr) POLE VAULT Kayla Wiitala Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 23rd ...... 2:21.03 (pr) Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Aubrey Wilberding Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 1st ...... 2:12.18 Sophia Franklin Virginia Challenge ...... 3rd ...... 4.11m Kayla Janevski Raleigh Relays ...... 13th ...... 3.35m 1500-METER RUN Kamie Powell Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 1st ...... 3.57m (pr) Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Carlyn Arteaga Virginia Challenge ...... 12th ...... 4:24.21 (pr) LONG JUMP Bridget Blake Raleigh Relays ...... 13th ...... 4:23.29 Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Maggie Farrell Louisville Invitational ...... 12th ...... 4:35.06 (pr) Morgan Johnson Raleigh Relays ...... 42nd ...... 4.57m Patricia Girardot Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 42nd ...... 5:05.17 (pr) Andrea Pangori Louisville Invitational ...... 8th ...... 5.58m (pr) Jessica Goethals Jesse Owens Classic ...... 32nd ...... 4:45.71 (pr) Autumn Robinson Raleigh Relays ...... 33rd ...... 4.95m Nicole Hanson Jesse Owens Classic ...... 24th ...... 4:41.87 (pr) Samantha Hanson Jesse Owens Classic ...... 18th ...... 4:39.22 (pr) Bailey Johnson Spartan Invitational ...... 17th ...... 4:58.26 TRIPLE JUMP India Johnson Spartan Invitational ...... 5th ...... 4:44.80 (ua) Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Kayla Kavulich Virginia Challenge ...... 17th ...... 4:24.93 (pr) Shelby Allen Louisville Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 12.35m (pr) Sarah Kettel Jesse Owens Classic ...... 14th ...... 4:37.32 (pr) Morgan Johnson Jesse Owens Classic ..... 17th ...... 10.78m Jenna Magness Spartan Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 4:40.68 (ua) Dillon McClintock Raleigh Relays ...... 1st ..14:13.82 (pr) (mr) SHOT PUT Jeralyn Poe Louisville Invitational ...... 5th ...... 4:30.98 (pr) Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jenny Rogers Jesse Owens Classic ...... 25th ...... 4:42.76 (pr) Katelyn Daniels Raleigh Relays ...... 1st ...... 16.19m Lindsey Rudden Virginia Challenge ...... 19th ...... 4:25.41 (pr) Kayli Johnson Louisville Invitational ...... 8th ...... 13.96m Karrigan Smith Louisville Invitational ...... 4th ...... 4:29.87 Rebecca Mammel Spartan Invitational ...... 8th ...... 12.51m (ua) Stephanie Vanis Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 33rd ...... 4:58.71 (pr) Sarah Roethlisberger Louisville Invitational ...... 9th ...... 13.75m (pr) Mackenzie Weiler Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 23rd ...... 4:40.76 (pr) Nikole Sargent Ashland Alumni Open ...... 1st ...... 14.57m (pr) Kayla Wiitala Spartan Invitational ...... 23rd ...... 5:04.10 (pr) Heather Smallegan Louisville Invitational ...... 11th ...... 12.92m 2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES

DISCUS THROW Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Katelyn Daniels Ashland Alumni Open ...... 1st ...... 57.11m Kayli Johnson Ashland Alumni Open ...... 3rd ...... 45.54m (pr) Rebecca Mammel Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 7th ...... 39.85m (ua) Nikole Sargent Louisville Invitational ...... 5th ...... 49.04m (pr) HAMMER THROW Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Katelyn Daniels Spartan Invitational...... 2nd ...... 54.26m (pr) Kayli Johnson Louisville Invitational ...... 3rd ...... 50.70m (pr) Rebecca Mammel Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 11th ...... 46.26m (ua) Stephanie Pajot Jesse Owens Classic ...... 8th ...... 52.72m (pr) Sarah Roethlisberger Louisville Invitational ...... 8th ...... 41.91m (pr) Nikole Sargent Ashland Alumni Open ...... 4th ...... 50.10m (pr) JAVELIN Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jade Madison Louisville Invitational ...... 1st ...... 47.51m (ua) - unattached (pr) - personal record (sr) - school record (mr) - meet record (p) - preliminary event (D) - Decathlon event (sr) - school record

2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES

1500-METER RUN Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Morgan Beadlescomb Virginia Challenge ...... 14th ...... 3:46.00 Luke Beauchamp Jesse Owens Classic ..... 14th ...... 3:58.45 (pr) Max Benoit Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 12th ...... 3:57.95 Bobby Crowley Louisville Invitational ...... 7th ...... 3:56.28 (pr) Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 2nd (D) ... 4:30.04 (pr) 2018 Men’s Outdoor Season Bests Avery Felty Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ....33rd ...... 4:15.09 (pr) Nick Guerrant Virginia Challenge ...... 5th (D) ...... 4:41.98 (pr) Brian Kettle Louisville Invitational ...... 3rd ...... 3:55.10 (pr) Date Meet Location (Result/Points) Justine Kiprotich Virginia Challenge ...... 5th ...... 3:44.71 3/30-31 Raleigh Relays NTS Brayden Law Jesse Owens Classic ...... 29th ...... 4:03.13 (pr) 4/6-7 Spartan Invitational NTS Andrew Middleton Virginia Challenge ...... 26th ...... 3:49.58 (pr) Luke Noah Spartan Invitational...... 24th ...... 4:15.21 (ua) 4/13-14 Louisville Invitational (ACC/B1G Challenge) 2nd/172 Andrew O’Connor Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ....13th ...... 3:58.57 4/20-21 Jesse Owens Classic/Virginia Challenge NTS Tommy Osika Jesse Owens Classic ...... 27th ...... 4:02.13 4/27-28 GINA Relays NTS Lance Rambo Jesse Owens Classic ...... 15th ...... 3:58.85 (pr) Joe Riordan Spartan Invitational...... 18th ...... 4:09.61 (ua) 5/11-13 Big Ten Championships Ryan Robinson Jesse Owens Classic ..... 31st ...... 4:03.25 (pr) 5/24-26 NCAA East Regional Winter Romeyn Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 4th ...... 3:53.65 6/6-6/8 NCAA Championships Daniel Sims Raleigh Relays ...... 51st ...... 3:52.80 Steven Stine Spartan Invitational ...... 23rd ...... 4:14.03 (ua) Matthew Thomas Spartan Invitational...... 2nd ...... 4:02.45 (pr) NTS - No Team Score Zac Wright-Fisher Jesse Owens Classic ...... 34th ...... 4:04.86 (pr)

100-METER DASH 3,000-METER STEEPLECHASE Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Earvin DaSilva Raleigh Relays ...... 15th ...... 10.81 (pr) Max Benoit Virginia Challenge ...... 7th ...... 8:53.55 Jon Edwards Raleigh Relays ...... 39th ...... 11.19 Winter Romeyn Virginia Challenge ...... 9th ...... 8:55.58 (pr) Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 1st (D) ...... 10.67 (pr) Jonathan Fife Virginia Challenge ...... 5th ...... 10.73 (pr) 5,000-METER RUN Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark 110-METER HURDLES Luke Beauchamp Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 7th ..... 14:47.78 (pr) Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Max Benoit Raleigh Relays ...... 36th ...... 14:31.63 Will Agodu Jesse Owens Classic ...... 3rd ...... 14.32 Brayden Law Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 11th .... 14:58.02 (pr) Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 4th (D) ...... 15.80 Ryan Robinson Louisville Invitational ...... 2nd .... 15:03.28 (pr) Nick Guerrant Raleigh Relays ...... 14th ...... 15.10 (pr) Clark Ruiz Virginia Challenge ...... 13th .... 14:02.03 (pr) Devin McKinney Spartan Invitational ...... 1st ...... 14.59 Matthew Thomas Raleigh Relays ...... 13th ...... 14:41.17 Nicholas Moore Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 11th ...... 15.28 (pr) Zacary Wright-Fisher Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 4th ..... 14:47.02 (pr) Savalas Morgan Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 2nd ...... 14.38 (pr) 10,000-METER RUN 200-METER DASH Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jesse Hersha Raleigh Relays ...... 32nd ... 29:52.76 (pr) Antonio Clarke Louisville Invitational ...... 5th ...... 21.37 (pr) Joe Riordan Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 1st ..... 30:09.14 (pr) Earvin DaSilva Louisville Invitational ...... 9th ...... 21.87 (pr) Clark Ruiz Raleigh Relays ...... 22nd ...... 29:39.30 Jonathan Fife Louisville Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 20.89 (pr) Noah Zalapi Jesse Owens Classic ...... 17th ...... 22.02 (pr) 4X100-METER RELAY Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark 400-METER DASH A. Clarke, J. Fife, Louisville Invitational ...... 1st ...... 40.95 Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark E. DaSilva, S. Morgan Antonio Clarke Raleigh Relays ...... 4th ...... 47.95 (pr) W. Agodu, J. Fife, Spartan Invitational ...... 1st ...... 42.42 Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 1st (D) ...... 47.57 (pr) E. DaSilva, S. Morgan John Gove Spartan Invitational ...... 7th ...... 51.91 (pr) J. Fife, E. DaSilva, Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ..2nd ...... 42.69 Nick Guerrant Virginia Challenge ...... 5th (D) ...... 50.42 A. Clarke, D. McKinney Alec Wiater Louisville Invitational ...... 8th ...... 49.75 Noah Zalapi Louisville Invitational ...... 10th ...... 50.32 (pr) 4X400-METER RELAY Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark 400-METER HURDLES N. Guerrant, A. Clarke, Spartan Invitational ...... 1st ...... 3:19.36 Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark T. Ehrhardt, A. Wiater Nicholas Moore Golden Grizzlies Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 57.56 (pr) N. Guerrant, N. Zalapi, Louisville Invitational ...... 3rd ...... 3:19.43 T. Ehrhardt, A. Wiater 800-METER RUN S. Morgan, D. McKinney, Spartan Invitational ...... 4th ...... 3:38.04 Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark N. Whitting, W. Agodu Ben Cady Louisville Invitational ...... 9th ...... 1:57.43 (pr) Bobby Crowley Spartan Invitational ...... 4th ...... 1:57.42 4X800-METER RELAY John Gove Louisville Invitational ...... 3rd ...... 1:55.08 (pr) Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Justine Kiprotich Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 1st ...... 1:51.97 A. O’Connor, J. Gove, Raleigh Relays ...... 8th ...... 7:45.39 Brian Kettle Spartan Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 1:57.05 (pr) B. Crowley, A. Wiater Daniel Kroth Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ...... 9th ...... 1:56.50 Andrew Middleton Louisville Invitational ...... 5th ...... 1:55.99 4X1500-METER RELAY Andrew O’Connor Louisville Invitational ...... 7th ...... 1:56.28 Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Tommy Osika Louisville Invitational ...... 13th ...... 1:59.36 J. Kiprotich, B. Crowley, Raleigh Relays ...... 3rd ...... 16:04.32 John Petruno Spartan Invitational ...... 13th ...... 2:03.63 (ua) A. Middleton, M. Beadlescomb Lance Rambo Golden Grizzlies Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 1:57.65 (pr) D. Sims, W. Romeyn, Raleigh Relays ...... 7th ...... 16:21.29 Winter Romeyn Spartan Invitational ...... 1st ...... 1:56.84 A. O’Connor, L. Beauchamp Alec Wiater Spartan Invitational ...... 8th ...... 2:00.44 (pr)

2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES SPRINT MEDLEY RELAY Athletes Meet ...... Place ...... Mark E. DaSilva, J. Fife, Raleigh Relays ...... 3rd ...... 3:26.64 A. Wiater, J. Gove POLE VAULT Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Tim Ehrhardt Louisville Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 5.40m Noah Gary Louisville Invitational ...... 3rd ...... 5.10m Nick Guerrant Raleigh Relays ...... 4th ...... 4.57m Kyle Nouhan Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 9th ...... 4.20m (ua) HIGH JUMP Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 3rd (D) ...... 1.93m Nick Guerrant Virginia Challenge ...... 2nd (D) ...... 1.99m LONG JUMP Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jon Edwards Louisville Invitational ...... 6th ...... 7.01m (pr) Tim Ehrhardt Raleigh Relays ...... 1st ...... 7.38m Nick Guerrant Louisville Invitational ...... 7th ...... 6.97m Sean O’Hare Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 16th ...... 5.97m (ua) TRIPLE JUMP Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jon Edwards Raleigh Relays ...... 9th ...... 12.73m SHOT PUT Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 1st (D) ...... 14.49 (pr) Jerimiah Evans Spartan Invitational ...... 1st ...... 17.12m Nick Guerrant Virginia Challenge ...... 3rd (D) ...... 13.20m Dan Stone Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 4th ...... 15.34m (ua) Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Tim Ehrhardt Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 7th ...... 43.57m (pr) Jerimiah Evans Raleigh Relays ...... 2nd ...... 54.00m (pr) Nick Guerrant Hillsdale “GINA” Relays . 10th ...... 42.82m Nick Kramer Louisville Invitational ...... 4th ...... 50.01m (pr) Dan Stone Hillsdale “GINA” Relays ..2nd ...... 49.24m (ua) HAMMER THROW Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Jerimiah Evans Spartan Invitational ...... 12th ...... 42.58m (pr) Nick Kramer Ashland Alumni Open ..... 1st ...... 59.68m (pr) Evan Litch Spartan Invitational ...... 7th ...... 47.80m (pr) Dan Stone Hillsdale “GINA” Relays .. 6th ...... 50.77m (ua) JAVELIN Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark James Durkin Spartan Invitational...... 2nd ...... 45.21m Max Knoblock Virginia Challenge ...... 5th ...... 63.82m Paul Monteleone Spartan Invitational...... 5th ...... 43.09m (ua) Nathan Whitting Louisville Invitational ...... 2nd ...... 52.01m (pr) DECATHLON Athlete Meet ...... Place ...... Mark Tim Ehrhardt Virginia Challenge ...... 1st ...8,044 (pr) (mr) (sr) Nick Guerrant Virginia Challenge ...... 2nd ...... 7,549 (pr) (ua) - unattached (pr) - personal record (mr) - meet record (sr) - school record (p) - preliminary event (D) - Decathlon event

2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES MICHIGAN STATE TRACK & FIELD Women’s Outdoor School Records Event Athlete Time/Mark Year 100 Yards (+) Marjorie Grimmett 10.70 1997 100 Meters Sevatheda Fynes 11.04 1997 100 Meter Hurdles Leslie Aririguzo 13.37 2012 200 Meters Sevatheda Fynes 22.60 1997 400 Meters Chandra Burns 51.89 1996 400 Meter Hurdles Judi Brown 56.03 1983 800 Meters Sue Latter 2:03.00 1977 1,500 Meters Leah O’Connor 4:11.04 2015 Mile (+) Kelly Spatz 4:49.56 1981 3,000 Meters (+) Anne Pewe 9:08.07 1982 5,000 Meters Rachele Schulist 15:36.33 2015 10,000 Meters Jamie Krzyminski 32:52.81 2004 3,000 Meter Steeplechase Leah O’Connor 9:33.38 2015 440 Yard Relay (+) D. Williams, C. Charles, K. Miller, C. Gilliam 46.51 1980 4x100 Meter Relay T. Williams, T. Franklin, A. Evans, J. Westney 44.81 2015 4x200 Meter Relay M. Kendall, C. Burnett, J. Childress, O. Smalls 1:37.58 1984 4x400 Meter Relay Westney, Wilberding*, Evans, Franklin 3:34.63 2015 4x800 Meter Relay B. Douglas, A. Pewe, P. Sedwick, J. Sedwick 8:45.65 1982 4x1,500 Meter Relay Fuller*, Beazley*, McDonald*, McClintock* 18:28.87 2017 Distance Medley Relay Hayes, Fynes, Kurtz, Dueringer 11:33.35 1997 Shot Put Katelyn Daniels* 16.40m 2017 Discus Throw Katelyn Daniels* 60.54m 2016 Hammer Throw Cynthia Watt* 65.17m 2015 Javelin Throw Lynlee Phillips 51.10m 2002 Pole Vault Lauren Chorny 4.25m 2016 Long Jump Ashley Stacey 6.33m 2011 Triple Jump Tori Franklin 13.41m 2013 High Jump Becca Buchholtz 1.83m 2012 Heptathlon Asya Reynolds* 5,211 pts. 2016

(+) - Events no longer contested * - Current Spartans 2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES MICHIGAN STATE TRACK & FIELD Men’s Outdoor School Records Event Athlete Time/Mark Year 100 Yards (+) Herb Washington 9.20 1974 Marshall Dill 9.20 1974 100 Meters Marshall Dill 10.28 1972 Eliot Tabron 10.28 1982 110 Meter Hurdles Gene Washington 13.82 1966 Tony Gilbert 13.82 1981 200 Meters Marshall Dill 20.54 1973 Eliot Tabron 20.54 1982 400 Meters Eliot Tabron 45.00 1982 400 Meter Hurdles Rob Cassleman 49.64 1972 660 Yards (+) John Spain 1:16.70 1967 800 Meters Ken Popejoy 1:47.44 1973 1,500 Meters Tim Simpson 3:41.06 1987 Mile Ken Popejoy 3:57.00 1973 5,000 Meters Caleb Rhynard 13:49.60 2014 10,000 Meters Steve Schell 28:39.74 1999 3,000 Meter Steeplechase Max Benoit* 8:44.46 2015 4x100 Meter Relay D. Leonard, A. Mahone, L. Jackson, D. Hallums 40.16 1985 4x200 Meter Relay C. Wilkins, K. Scott, M. Sanders, E. Tabron 1:22.53 1983 4x400 Meter Relay C. Wilkins, K. Scott, M. Sanders, E. Tabron 3:02.52 1983 4x800 Meter Relay B. Castle, R. Lake, D. Lean, W. Atterbury 7:21.64 1958 4x1,600 Meter Relay J. Neal, M. Williamson, M. Kavulich, T. Simpson 16:21.24 1985 Distance Medley Relay K. Moore, C. Byrd, S. Mavis, H. Lindsay 9:39.64 1977 Shot Put Steve Manz 19.80m 2004 Discus Throw Antonio James 60.99m 2015 Hammer Throw Vinny Gjokaj 66.29m 2015 Javelin Throw Max Knoblock* 65.16m 2017 Pole Vault Paul Terek 5.50m 2002 Long Jump Philmore Morris 7.80m 1988 Triple Jump Kyron Foster 15.88m 2009 High Jump Paul Piwinski 2.21m 1983 Daryl Dismond 2.21m 1983 Decathlon Tim Ehrhardt* 8,044 pts. 2018

(+) - Events no longer contested * - Current Spartans 2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES 2018 Women’s Track & Field Roster Name Year Event(s) Hometown/High School Shelby Allen RS JR Jumps Oak Park, Mich./Berkley Charley Andrews FR Multi Battle Creek, Mich./Harper Creek Courtney Arbic FR Distance Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Carlyn Arteaga RS SO Distance Spring Lake, Mich./Spring Lake Kennedy Beazley RS JR Distance Ypsilanti, Mich./Saline Alaias Bertrand FR Throws Strongsville, Ohio/Strongsville Bridget Blake RS SR Distance Orlando, Fla./Dr. Phillips Brooke Bogan FR Sprints/Hurdles Ann Arbor, Mich./Ann Arbor Huron Claire Brouwer SO Distance Grand Rapids, Mich./Grand Rapids Christian Holly Bullough SO Distance Traverse City, Mich./Traverse City St. Francis Drew Coleman FR Sprints/Hurdles Southfield, Mich./Oak Park Katelyn Daniels RS SR Throws Lewis Center, Ohio/Olentangy Orange Ellen DiPietro JR High Jump Marshfield, Mass./Marshfield Maggie Farrell FR Distance Battle Creek, Mich./Battle Creek Lakeview Morgan Fleischmann SR Distance Munger, Mich./Reese Sophia Franklin FR Hurdles/Pole Vault Okemos, Mich./Okemos Annie Fuller RS SO Distance Manistee, Mich./Manistee Patricia Girardot RS FR Distance Birmingham, Mich./Seaholm Jessica Goethals JR Distance Rochester, Mich./Rochester Lynsie Gram RS FR Distance Clarkston, Mich./Clarkston Nicole Hanson RS FR Distance Clarkston, Mich./Clarkston Samantha Hanson RS FR Distance Sterling Heights, Mich./Sterling Heights Stevenston Andrea Jagielski FR Distance Hillsdale, Mich./Hillsdale Academy Kayla Janevski RS SO Distance Plymouth, Mich./Salem Libby Jefferson FR Pole Vault Hatfield, Pa./Springside Chestnut Hill Academy Lauren Jenkins SR Distance Saugatuck, Mich./Saugatuck Bailey Johnson JR Distance Grandville, Mich./Jenison India Johnson FR Distance Hilliard, Ohio/Hilliard Davidson Kayli Johnson SO Throws Detroit, Mich./Grosse Pointe South Morgan Johnson SR Throws Hayward, Wis./Hayward Lauren Kaliszewski FR Distance Rochester Hills, Mich./Rochester Kayla Kavulich RS SO Distance Plymouth, Mich./Salem Sarah Kettel RS FR Distance Brighton, Mich./Capitol Homeschool Faith Kiprotich FR Distance Kentwood, Mich./East Kentwood Gabriella LeRoux FR Pole Vault Muskegon, Mich./Spring Lake Jade Madison SR Throws New Buffalo, Mich./New Buffalo Jenna Magness FR Distance Grand Ledge, Mich./Grand Ledge Rebecca Mammel FR Throws Tecumseh, Mich./Tecumseh Carlie Martella FR Distance Gaylord, Mich./Gaylord Dillon McClintock JR Distance Owosso, Mich./Owosso Erin McDonald RS JR Distance Midland, Mich./Dow Casey Mossholder SO Distance DeWitt, Mich./DeWitt Taylor Mullins JR Sprints/Hurdles Clarkston, Mich./Clarkston Stephanie Pajot RS JR Throws Auburn, Mich./Kawkawlin Andrea Pangori RS SO Multi Clarkston, Mich./Notre Dame Prep Jeralyn Poe RS SO Distance Lincoln, Neb./Lincoln North Star Kamie Powell RS JR Pole Vault Ann Arbor, Mich./Dexter Autumn Robinson JR Jumps Washington, D.C./Elizabeth Seton Sarah Roethlisberger JR Throws Shepherd, Mich./Shepherd Jenny Rogers RS JR Distance Farmington, Mich./Farmington Lindsey Rudden RS FR Distance Marquette, Mich./Marquette Julia Rustmann RS JR Distance Grosse Pointe, Mich./Grosse Pointe North Sarah Rustmann RS JR Distance Grosse Pointe, Mich./Grosse Pointe North Nikole Sargent SO Throws Fenton, Mich./Flint Power Catholic Kelsie Schwartz SR Distance Grosse Pointe, Mich./Grosse Pointe South Heather Smallegan RS SR Throws Holland, Mich./Zeeland East Karrigan Smith RS SO Distance St. Johns, Mich./St. Johns Denise Spann JR Sprints Coconut Creek, Fla./Boyd Anderson Rachel Spreng SR Pole Vault Lansing, Mich./Okemos Emily Steffke RS SO Distance Beal City, Mich./Beal City Stephanie Vanis SO Distance East Lansing, Mich./East Lansing Amber Way RS SO Distance Charlevoix, Mich./Charlevoix Mackenzie Weiler RS SO Distance Cedar Springs, Mich./Cedar Springs Kayla Wiitala RS FR Distance Colorado Springs, Colo./Air Academy Aubrey Wilberding RS SR Mid-Distance Birmingham, Mich./Seaholm 2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TRACK & FIELD NOTES 2018 Men’s Track & Field Roster Name Year Event(s) Hometown/High School Will Agodu JR Sprints/Hurdles Taylor, Mich./Taylor Harry S. Truman Morgan Beadlescomb RS FR Distance Algonac, Mich./Algonac Luke Beauchamp RS FR Distance Bellevue, Wash./Interlake Max Benoit RS SR Distance Royal Oak, Mich./Royal Oak Ty Buckley FR Distance B righton, Mich./Detroit Catholic Central Noah Burton SO Sprints/Hurdles Bloomfield Hills, Mich./Avondale Benjamin Cady JR Mid-Distance Okemos, Mich./Okemos Antonio Clarke RS SR Sprints Lansing, Mich./East Lansing Robert Crowley FR Distance Carlow, Ireland/Knochbeg College Earvin DaSilva FR Sprints/Hurdles Morgan Hill, Calif./Bellarmine Prep James Durkin RS JR Throws Oakland, Mich./Notre Dame Prep Jon Edwards SO Sprints/Jumps Milan, Mich./Lincoln Senior Tim Ehrhardt RS SR Multi/Pole Vault Addison, Ill./Lake Park Jerimiah Evans RS FR Throws Auburn Hills, Mich./Avondale Avery Felty RS FR Distance Novi, Mich./Detroit Catholic Central Jonathan Fife RS SO Sprints Flint, Mich./Flint Southwestern Academy Noah Gary SR Pole Vault Dexter, Mich./Dexter John Gove FR Mid-Distance Leominster, Mass./Leominster Nick Guerrant RS SO Multi Portage, Mich./Portage Northern Kharon Hall SO Jumps Parker, Colo./Lutheran Jesse Hersha RS SO Distance Concord, Mich./Concord Nicholas Hirschenberger RS FR Distance Traverse City, Mich./Traverse City West Ryan Homik JR Sprints/Hurdles West Olive, Mich./West Ottawa Brian Kettle RS JR Distance Milford, Mich./Milford Justine Kiprotich RS JR Distance Kentwood, Mich./East Kentwood Max Knoblock SR Throws Traverse City, Mich./Traverse City Central Nick Kramer RS FR Throws Fruitport, Mich./Fruitport Daniel Kroth SR Distance Okemos, Mich./Okemos Brayden Law RS FR Distance Fort Wayne, Ind./Homestead Devin McKinney SR Sprints/Hurdles Kentwood, Mich./East Kentwood Andrew Middleton RS SR Mid-Distance Holt, Mich./Holt Paul Monteleone FR Throws New York, N.Y./John Jay Nicholas Moore SO Sprints/Hurdles Beverly Hills, Mich./Birmingham Groves Savalas Morgan SO Sprints/Hurdles Detroit, Mich./Cass Tech Luke Noah FR Distance Middleville, Mich./Thornapple Kellogg Kyle Nouhan FR Pole Vault Saline, Mich./Saline Andrew O’Connor RS JR Distance Croswell, Mich./Croswell-Lexington Xzavier Odom FR Sprints/Hurdles East Lansing, Mich. Tommy Osika RS SO Distance Waterford, Mich./Waterford Mott John Petruno FR Distance Wixom, Mich./Walled Lake Western Lance Rambo SO Distance Marquette, Mich./Marquette Joseph Riordan FR Distance Solon, Ohio/Solon Ryan Robinson RS SO Distance West Bloomfield, Mich./Waterford Mott Winter Romeyn RS SO Distance Ellsworth, Mich./Ellsworth Community Clark Ruiz RS SR Distance Big Rapids, Mich./Big Rapids Matt Schram FR Distance Rochester Hills, Mich./Rochester Adams Dan Sims RS JR Distance Northville, Mich./Northville Cody Stemple JR High Jump White Lake, Mich./Lakeland Steven Stine FR Distance Sterling Heights, Mich./Fraser Cameron Stintzi FR Mid-Distance Adrian, Mich./Adrian Dan Stone FR Throws Frankenmuth, Mich./Frankenmuth Matthew Thomas RS SO Distance Portage, Mich./Port Huron Northern Danny Wallace RS SO Throws Milford, Mich./Milford Andre Welch FR Sprints/Jumps East Kentwood, Mich./East Kentwood Nathan Whitting SO High Jump Freeland, Mich./Freeland Alec Wiater RS JR Sprints/Hurdles New Baltimore, Mich./Anchor Bay Zacary Wright-Fisher FR Distance Muskegon, Mich./Mason County Central Noah Zalapi FR Sprints Farmington Hills, Mich./North Farmington

2018 BIG TEN CHAMPIONSHIPS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: SPARTAN TRACK & FIELD :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::