ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY (O&M) Carolina G. Martinez Orientation and Mobility Specialist (COMS) Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, 1100 W. 45 th St., Austin, TX 78756
[email protected] u (512)206 -9304 What is O&M? Orientation is knowing who you are (body image), where you are, where you want to go and planning how to get there. Mobility is the action of moving from place to place. What is an O&M Specialist? The Orientation and Mob ility Specialist (COMS) is a certified professional who teaches children and adults with visual impairments how to travel safely and independently in familiar and unfamiliar environments. What skills does an O&M Specialist teach? • Sensory awareness: lear ning about the world through the senses (vision, touch, smell, hearing and taste.) • Body image: awareness and understanding of body parts and how they move. • Object permanence: knowing that objects exist even when they are not felt, heard or seen. • Spatial concepts: understanding the relationship between objects in the environment and one’s body (in front of/behind, etc.); awareness of both near and distance space (close/far); awareness of distances between objects. • Searching skills: locating items in all dire ctions, within arm’s reach and beyond. • Independent movement: rolling, scooting, crawling and walking. • Sighted guide: using a sighted person as a primary means of travel. • Protective techniques: using one’s arms for protection while moving through open space. • Cane skills: using specific techniques with a cane or adaptive mobility device for more independent and safer travel. • Trailing: using one or two hands to follow along a surface (wall, furniture) to locate a specific objective and/or maintain a straight line of travel.