TECHNICAL PROGRAM 90Th ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium June 5-8, 2016
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From Real World Catalysis to Surface Science and Back
FROM REAL WORLD CATALYSIS TO SURFACESCIENCE AND BACK: CAN NANOSCIENCEHELP TO BRIDGEmE GAP? H.-J. FREUND,G~ RUPPRECHTER,M. BAUMER, TH. RISSE, N. ERNST, J. LInUDA Fritz-Haber-Institutder Max-P/anck-Gesel/schaft Faradayweg4-6, D-14195 Ber/in, Germany Abstract We review the possibilities in using model s~tems to explore~eterogeneous catalytic reactions under ultrahigh-vacuumand in-situ conditions. We discuss metal nano particles deposited on thin oxide films allowing to study hydrogenation and dehydrogenationreactions, while applyinga variety of surfacesensitive techniques. A secondclass of systems,where homogeneouscatalysts were heterogenized,has been studiedunder in-situ conditionsusing ESR spectroscopy. Introduction One prominentexample where heterogeneous catalysis affects our daily life is pollution control via exhaustcatalysis in everybody'scar. Figure 1 shows a schematicdiagram with a typical exhaustcatalyst in its housing[1]. The catalystconsists of a monolithic backbonecovered internally with a wash coat made of mainly alumina but also ceria and zirconia, which itself is mesoporousand holds the small metal particles, often platinum or rhodium. An electronmicroscope allows us to take a close look at the morphology of the catalyst at the nanometerscale. In order to be active, the metal particles have to be of a few nanometerin diameterand also the support has to be treated in the right way. To a certainextent the preparationis an art, some call it even "black magic". A full understandingof the microscopic processesoccurring at the surface of the particles or at the interface betweenparticle and support, however, is unfortunatelylacking. We have to realize that catalysis in connectionwith pollution control -the specific example chosenhere -does only utilize a small fraction of the world market for solid catalysts. -
Surface Crystallography
Modern Methods in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research Surface crystallography Dirk Rosenthal Department of Inorganic Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG Faradayweg 4-6, DE 14195 Berlin Part of the lecture is taken from Wolfgang Rankes LEED-Script Literature: G. Ertl, J. Küppers, Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim (1985). M. Henzler, W. Göpel, Oberflächenphysik des Festkörpers, Teubner, Stuttgart (1991). M.A. Van Hove, W.H. Weinberg, C.-M. Chan, Low-Energy Electron Diffraction, Experiment, Theory and Surface Structure Determination, Springer Series in Surface Sciences 6, G. Ertl, R. Gomer eds., Springer, Berlin (1986). M. Horn-von Hoegen, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 214 (1999) 1-75. FHI-Berlin, 21.11..2008 Dirk Rosenthal, Dept. AC, Fritz Haber Institute der MPG, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany Content 1. Bravais lattices 2. Structure examples: Overlayers 3. Method: LEED, low energy electron diffraction 4. LEED principle in one and two dimensions 5. Reciprocal lattice 6. Ewald sphere construction 7. LEED and symmetry: glide lines 8. Astonishing example 9. LEED and defects 10. Comparison with other methods 11. LEED I-V measurement 12. Reality – an example from heterogeneous catalysis Bravais lattices or International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography, N. F. M. Henry and K. Lonsdale, Eds. (The Kynoch Press, Birmingham, 1969) ,chap. 1. Bravais lattices Structure examples: Overlayers Overlayer structures Ertl/Küppers fig. 9.2, p.204 p(2x2) c(2x2) (√3x√3)R30° on square lattice on hex. lattice Superstructure nomenclature Wood: Simplest in most cases Matrix notation (Park and Madden) p or c(n×m)Rϑ° more general unit cell vector lengths m11 m12 b1 = m11 a1 + m12 a2 b1 = n a1 b2 = m a2 m21 m22 b2 = m21 a1 + m22 a2 rotation ϑ p=primitive, c=centered Wood (2×2) [ϑ=0 is omitted] (√3×√3)R30° Matrix 2 0 1 1 0 2 2 -1 Three possible arrangements yielding c(2x2) structures. -
Canadian Chemical News 33 Cscsection Bulletin Head SCC Materials Have Been Reported in the Globe of University Faculty Associations Award Worked with F
CSCSection Bulletin head SCC the journal Nature involved tailored multi- valency in the design of a high avidity ligand that blocks the action of the Shiga like toxin responsible for the disease that result from pathogenic E. coli O157:H7. Bundle was the recipient of the Whistler Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry, awarded by the International Carbohy- drate Organization and the CSC’s R.U. Lemieux Award. Bundle currently serves on the editorial boards of Advances in Carbohydrate Chem- istry and Biochemistry, and Glycobiology Journal. He is a member of the advisory board of the Complex Carbohydrate Research Centre. He is the author of some and Ian Manners, FCIC. He moved on to has achieved broad international acclaim. 200+ scientific papers, book chapters and the University of British Columbia for Kumacheva’s reports on confinement- reviews, and patents. graduate studies in the lab of Stephen induced phase transitions in thin liquid Withers, FCIC. His PhD work, supported films was published in Science. Her work The Boehringer Ingelheim by NSERC and Killam Fellowships, focused on the new mechanism of lubrication by Award for Organic or on the mechanisms and engineering of a polymer brushes was published in Nature- class of enzymes called glycosidases. Kumacheva’s studies of supramolecular Bioorganic Chemistry / After obtaining his PhD in 2001, he con- assemblyof rigid-rod polymers shed light Le Prix de chimie organique ducted postdoctoral research in X-ray on the mechanisms of fibrogenesis of ou bio-organique Boehringer crystallography with Gideon Davies ofYork proteins. Her studies of forces acting Ingelheim Structural Biology Laboratory, U.K. -
Nanostructure of Biogenic Versus Abiogenic Calcium Carbonate Crystals
Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals JAROSŁAW STOLARSKI and MACIEJ MAZUR Stolarski, J. and Mazur, M. 2005. Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals. Acta Palae− ontologica Polonica 50 (4): 847–865. The mineral phase of the aragonite skeletal fibers of extant scleractinians (Favia, Goniastrea) examined with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) consists entirely of grains ca. 50–100 nm in diameter separated from each other by spaces of a few nanometers. A similar pattern of nanograin arrangement was observed in basal calcite skeleton of extant calcareous sponges (Petrobiona) and aragonitic extant stylasterid coralla (Adelopora). Aragonite fibers of the fossil scleractinians: Neogene Paracyathus (Korytnica, Poland), Cretaceous Rennensismilia (Gosau, Austria), Trochocyathus (Black Hills, South Dakota, USA), Jurassic Isastraea (Ostromice, Poland), and unidentified Triassic tropiastraeid (Alpe di Specie, It− aly) are also nanogranular, though boundaries between individual grains occasionally are not well resolved. On the other hand, in diagenetically altered coralla (fibrous skeleton beside aragonite bears distinct calcite signals) of the Triassic cor− als from Alakir Cay, Turkey (Pachysolenia), a typical nanogranular pattern is not recognizable. Also aragonite crystals produced synthetically in sterile environment did not exhibit a nanogranular pattern. Unexpectedly, nanograins were rec− ognized in some crystals of sparry calcite regarded as abiotically precipitated. Our findings support the idea that nanogranular organization of calcium carbonate fibers is not, per se, evidence of their biogenic versus abiogenic origin or their aragonitic versus calcitic composition but rather, a feature of CaCO3 formed in an aqueous solution in the presence of organic molecules that control nanograin formation. Consistent orientation of crystalographic axes of polycrystalline skeletal fibers in extant or fossil coralla, suggests that nanograins are monocrystalline and crystallographically ordered (at least after deposition). -
Integration of Surface Science, Nanoscience, and Catalysis*
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 243–252, 2011. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-10-11-04 © 2010 IUPAC, Publication date (Web): 6 December 2010 Integration of surface science, nanoscience, and catalysis* Cun Wen, Yi Liu, and Franklin (Feng) Tao‡ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA Abstract: This article briefly reviews the development of surface science and its close rele- vance to nanoscience and heterogeneous catalysis. The focus of this article is to highlight the importance of nanoscale surface science for understanding heterogeneous catalysis perform- ing at solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces. Surface science has built a foundation for the understanding of catalysis based on the studies of well-defined single-crystal catalysts in the past several decades. Studies of catalysis on well-defined nanoparticles (NPs) significantly promoted the understanding of catalytic mechanisms to an unprecedented level in the last decade. To understand reactions performed on catalytic active sites at nano or atomic scales and thus reach the goal of catalysis by design, studies of the surface of nanocatalysts are cru- cial. The challenges in such studies are discussed. Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis; interfaces; nanoparticles; nanoscience; surface science. INTRODUCTION Heterogeneous catalysis is in fact the foundation of industrial production [1–3]. More than one-third of the production processes in all industries involve heterogeneous catalysis in their production chains [4,5]. Particularly, it has been the core technology of the chemical industry, oil refineries, conversion of sustainable energy sources, and environmental remediation for several decades. The application of heterogeneous catalysis to industrial production was realized without under- standing of catalytic mechanisms at the microscopic level several decades ago. -
The Contribution of Surface Analysis and Surface Science to Technology*
Aust. J. Phys., 1982,35,769-75 The Contribution of Surface Analysis and Surface Science to Technology* C. J. Powell Surface Science Division, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234, U.S.A. Abstract Surface science is a rapidly growing field offering many scientific and technological challenges. New experimental and theoretical tools have been developed which can be used to probe, at a fundamental atomic and molecular level, the physics and chemistry of complex processes at solid surfaces. Surface characterization, particularly surface analysis, is now an integral part of many technologies and industries (e.g., catalysis, coatings, corrosion, semiconductor devices, computer, automobile and communications) for many different applications (e.g., failure analysis, quality control, process and device development). Characterization of surface properties and processes is similarly important in many areas of public concern (e.g., energy and environment). The concepts apd techniques found useful for surface characterization are currently being extended to the character ization of solid-solid, solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces. It is therefore expected that there will be significant developments in interface science and additional opportunities for technological applications in the coming decade. 1. Introduction Over the past two decades there has been considerable growth in surface science and in the application of surface-characterization methods, particularly surface analysis, to a wide range of problems of technological interest (Powell 1978). This growth is evident in the large number of local, national and international meetings sponsored by major professional societies and many other groups; the growth is also evident in journal and book publications. The purpose of this paper is to summarize key features of recent developments and to point out the impact of surface science and surface analysis in technological developments and problems. -
Decline of Giant Impacts on Mars by 4.48 Billion Years Ago and an Early Opportunity for Habitability
ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0380-0 Decline of giant impacts on Mars by 4.48 billion years ago and an early opportunity for habitability D. E. Moser 1*, G. A. Arcuri1, D. A. Reinhard2, L. F. White 3, J. R. Darling 4, I. R. Barker1, D. J. Larson2, A. J. Irving5, F. M. McCubbin6, K. T. Tait3, J. Roszjar7, A. Wittmann8 and C. Davis1 The timing of the wane in heavy meteorite bombardment of the inner planets is debated. Its timing determines the onset of crustal conditions consistently below the thermal and shock pressure limits for microbiota survival, and so bounds the occur- rence of conditions that allow planets to be habitable. Here we determine this timing for Mars by examining the metamor- phic histories of the oldest known Martian minerals, 4.476–4.429-Gyr-old zircon and baddeleyite grains in meteorites derived from the southern highlands. We use electron microscopy and atom probe tomography to show that none of these grains were exposed to the life-limiting shock pressure of 78 GPa. 97% of the grains exhibit weak-to-no shock metamorphic features and no thermal overprints from shock-induced melting. By contrast, about 80% of the studied grains from bombarded crust on Earth and the Moon show such features. The giant impact proposed to have created Mars’ hemispheric dichotomy must, therefore, have taken place more than 4.48 Gyr ago, with no later cataclysmic bombardments. Considering thermal habitability models, we conclude that portions of Mars’ crust reached habitable pressures and temperatures by 4.2 Gyr ago, the onset of the Martian ‘wet’ period, about 0.5 Gyr earlier than the earliest known record of life on Earth. -
Smutty Alchemy
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-18 Smutty Alchemy Smith, Mallory E. Land Smith, M. E. L. (2021). Smutty Alchemy (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113019 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Smutty Alchemy by Mallory E. Land Smith A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Mallory E. Land Smith 2021 MELS ii Abstract Sina Queyras, in the essay “Lyric Conceptualism: A Manifesto in Progress,” describes the Lyric Conceptualist as a poet capable of recognizing the effects of disparate movements and employing a variety of lyric, conceptual, and language poetry techniques to continue to innovate in poetry without dismissing the work of other schools of poetic thought. Queyras sees the lyric conceptualist as an artistic curator who collects, modifies, selects, synthesizes, and adapts, to create verse that is both conceptual and accessible, using relevant materials and techniques from the past and present. This dissertation responds to Queyras’s idea with a collection of original poems in the lyric conceptualist mode, supported by a critical exegesis of that work. -
(Bio) Particle Analysis Using Droplet Microfluidic Platform
Strategic design of flow structures for single (bio) particle analysis using droplet microfluidic platform by Thu Hoang Anh Nguyen A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering (Nanotechnology) Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2019 © Thu Hoang Anh Nguyen 2019 Examining Committee Membership The following served on the Examining Committee for this thesis. The decision of the Examining Committee is by majority vote. External Examiner: Associate Professor Carlos Escobedo Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Professor Carolyn L. Ren Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Internal Member: Professor David Johnson Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Internal/External Member: Professor Shirley Tang Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Internal/External Member: Associate Professor Shawn Wettig School of Pharmacy University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ii AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Abstract Over the past two decades, a growing body of literature has recognized the importance of droplet-based microfluidics. This advanced technology shows promise in enabling large scale interdisciplinary studies that require high throughput and accurate manipulation of reagents. Each droplet acts as a micro-sized reactor where complex reactions can be carried out on the micro-scale by splitting, mixing, sorting and merging droplets. -
Microfluidic Studies of Biological and Chemical Processes
Microfluidic Studies of Biological and Chemical Processes by Ethan Tumarkin A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Toronto © Copyright by Ethan Tumarkin, 2012 Microfluidic Studies of Biological and Chemical Processes Ethan Tumarkin Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 2012 Abstract This thesis describes the development of microfluidic (MF) platforms for the study of biological and chemical processes. In particular the thesis is divided into two distinct parts: (i) development of a MF methodology to generate tunable cell-laden microenvironments for detailed studies of cell behavior, and (ii) the design and fabrication of MF reactors for studies of chemical reactions. First, this thesis presented the generation of biopolymer microenvironments for cell studies. In the first project we demonstrated a high-throughput MF system for generating cell-laden agarose microgels with a controllable ratio of two different types of cells. The MF co-encapsulation system was shown to be a robust method for identifying autocrine and/or paracrine dependence of specific cell subpopulations. In the second project we studied the effect of the mechanical properties on the behavior of acute myeloid leukemia (AML2) cancer cells. Cell-laden macroscopic agarose gels were prepared at varying agarose concentrations. A modest range of the elastic modulus of the agarose gels were achieved, ranging from 0.62 kPa to 20.21 kPa at room temperature. We observed a pronounced decrease in cell proliferation in stiffer gels when compared to the gels with lower elastic moduli. The second part of the thesis focuses on the development of MF platforms for studying chemical reactions. -
CV__Wei Li-Che-TTU-July 2019
Wei Li Assistant Professor Phone: 806-834-2209 Department of Chemical Engineering Fax: 806-742-3552 Texas Tech University E-mail: [email protected] Lubbock, TX 79409 Website: http://www.depts.ttu.edu/che/groups/ligroup/index.htm Education • Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada. Sept.2005– June 2010 Advisor: Prof. Eugenia Kumacheva • Master of Applied Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada. Sept. 2003- June 2005 Advisor: Prof. Yu-Ling Cheng • Master of Science, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, China, Sept.1999-June 2002 Advisor: Prof. Renxi Zhuo • Bachelor of Science, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, China, Sept 1995- June1999 Appointments Jan. 2014-Present Assistant Professor Institute: Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA Research Areas: Responsive LbL nanofilms, Cell capture and release, Polyelectrolyte hydrogels, Exosomes, Cell microenvironments, Biomedical microdevices Nov. 2010- Oct. 2013 NSERC Postdoctoral Research Fellow Institute: Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA Research Areas: LbL nanofilms, microfluidic devices for capture and release of cancer cells, 3D cell microenvironments, Advisor: Prof. Paula T. Hammond 1 Honors and Awards • WCOE Whitacre Research Award (2017) • NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship (2010) • Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Students Abroad (2009) • Ontario Graduate Scholarships in Science and Technology (2008) • Edwin Walter Warren Graduate Student Awards (2007, 2008) • Xerox Research Centre of Canada Graduate Award (2007) • Ontario Centers of Excellence Professional Outreach Award (2007) • Graduate Travel Award, University of Toronto (2009) • Open Fellowship, University of Toronto (2003-2007) • Outstanding Graduate Student, Wuhan University, (2000-2002) Sponsored Projects External • Utilizing glycoside hydrolases to degrade biofilms in wounds. -
Biological Surface Science
Surface Science 500 (2002) 656–677 www.elsevier.com/locate/susc Biological surface science Bengt Kasemo * Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Go€teborg University, S-41296 G o€teborg, Sweden Received 13 December 2000; accepted for publication 5 July 2001 Abstract Biological surface science (BioSS), as defined here is the broad interdisciplinary area where properties and processes at interfaces between synthetic materials and biological environments are investigated and biofunctional surfaces are fabricated. Six examples are used to introduce and discuss the subject: Medical implants in the human body, biosensors and biochips for diagnostics, tissue engineering, bioelectronics, artificial photosynthesis, and biomimetic materials. They are areas of varying maturity, together constituting a strong driving force for the current rapid development of BioSS. The second driving force is the purely scientific challenges and opportunities to explore the mutual interaction between biological components and surfaces. Model systems range from the unique water structures at solid surfaces and water shells around proteins and biomembranes, via amino and nucleic acids, proteins, DNA, phospholipid membranes, to cells and living tissue at surfaces. At one end of the spectrum the scientific challenge is to map out the structures, bonding, dynamics and ki- netics of biomolecules at surfaces in a similar way as has been done for simple molecules during the past three decades in surface science. At the other end of the complexity spectrum one addresses how biofunctional surfaces participate in and can be designed to constructively participate in the total communication system of cells and tissue. Biofunctional surfaces call for advanced design and preparation in order to match the sophisticated (bio) recognition ability of biological systems.