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Contrat D'étude Ifremer 2013 N° 5210063 Contrôle De Surveillance

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Contrat D'étude Ifremer 2013 N° 5210063 Contrôle De Surveillance Contrat d’étude Ifremer 2013 n° 5210063 Contrôle de surveillance 2013 de la masse d’eau côtière FRGC53 et de la masse d’eau de transition FRGT30 Partie 1 : invertébrés SAURIAU P.-G. 1, AUBERT F. 1, LEGUAY D. 2, MASSE A. 1, SAURIAU M. 1 1 LIENSs, CNRS, Université de la Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle 2 IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP 5, 17137 Avril 2014 Sommaire 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1 2. MATERIEL & METHODES .................................................................................... 4 2.1. STATIONS DU CONTROLE DE SURVEILLANCE INVERTEBRES BENTHIQUES ................ 4 2.1.1 Arcay et La Flotte............................................................................................ 4 2.1.2 Plage de la Charge Neuve............................................................................... 5 2.2. CALENDRIER DE REALISATION DES OPERATIONS A LA MER...................................... 6 2.3. CONTROLE DE QUALITE SUR LES PRELEVEMENTS .................................................... 8 2.3.1 Arcay................................................................................................................ 8 2.3.2 La Flotte .......................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Plage de la Charge Neuve............................................................................... 9 2.4. ANALYSE DES SEDIMENTS ..................................................................................... 10 2.5. ANALYSE DES ECHANTILLONS FAUNISTIQUES ....................................................... 13 2.6. DETERMINATION DES ESPECES .............................................................................. 15 2.7. ANALYSE DE LA QUALITE ECOLOGIQUE : INDICE M-AMBI................................... 16 3. RESULTATS............................................................................................................. 20 3.1. PLAGE CHARGE NEUVE......................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Analyse des sédiments ................................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Analyse faunistique........................................................................................ 21 3.1.3 Analyse statut écologique selon le M-AMBI.................................................. 26 3.2. LA FLOTTE ............................................................................................................ 27 3.2.1 Analyse des sédiments ................................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Analyse faunistique........................................................................................ 28 3.2.3 Analyse statut écologique selon le M-AMBI.................................................. 36 3.3. ARCAY .................................................................................................................. 37 3.3.1 Analyse des sédiments ................................................................................... 37 3.3.2 Analyse faunistique........................................................................................ 38 3.3.3 Analyse statut écologique selon le M-AMBI.................................................. 43 3.3.4 Bilan du statut écologique selon le M-AMBI................................................. 44 4. BILAN DU TEMPS PASSE AUX PRELEVEMENTS ET ANALYSES ............ 45 5. BIBLIOGRAPHIE.................................................................................................... 46 Contrat de prestation 2013 5210063 : invertébrés benthiques 1. Introduction La Directive Cadre sur l’Eau 2000/60/CE établit un nouveau cadre pour une politique communautaire dans le domaine de l’eau. Elle fixe comme objectif général d’atteindre, à l’horizon 2015, un bon état écologique et chimique des masses d’eaux souterraines et de surface, ces dernières incluant les eaux côtières (MEC) et les eaux de transition (MET) (http://envlit.ifremer.fr/surveillance/directive_cadre_sur_l_eau_dce). Le contrôle de surveillance de l’état écologique s’effectue entre autres éléments biologiques sur les macrophytes, les macroinvertébrés et les phanérogames marines. Dans le district Loire-Bretagne (Figure 1), les masses d’eau côtière et de transition les plus méridionales retenues pour le contrôle de surveillance sont la masse d’eau côtière « Pertuis breton » FRGC53 et la masse d’eau de transition « Estuaire du Lay » FRGT31. Figure 1 : Masse d’eau côtière « Pertuis breton » FRGC53 dans le district Loire-Bretagne. Source http://envlit.ifremer.fr/surveillance/directive_cadre_sur_l_eau_dce - 1 - Contrat de prestation 2013 5210063 : invertébrés benthiques Les opérations de surveillance retenues en 2013 pour la masse d’eau côtière Pertuis breton FRGC53 (Figure 2) étaient : o échantillonnage stationnel des invertébrés benthiques de substrat meuble en avril 2013 sur les stations subtidales La Flotte et Arcay selon le protocole DCE (Anonymes, 2005) de cinq réplicats (0,1 m²) par station ; o échantillonnage stationnel des invertébrés benthiques de substrat meuble en avril 2013 sur la station intertidale de la plage de la Charge Neuve selon le protocole DCE (Anonymes, 2005) de cinq réplicats (0,1 m²) par station ; o échantillonnage stationnel sur une grille de 30 points des herbiers de la zostère naine Zostera noltei Hornemann en septembre 2013 sur les stations Plage de la Charge Neuve et Fiers d’Ars selon le protocole DCE (Auby et al., 2012). Figure 2 : Masse d’eau côtière « Pertuis breton » FRGC53. Source http://envlit.ifremer.fr/surveillance/directive_cadre_sur_l_eau_dce. La station herbier Plage de la Charge Neuve est identique à la station faune des invertébrés et la station herbier Fier d’Ars n’est pas encore visible sur la carte. - 2 - Contrat de prestation 2013 5210063 : invertébrés benthiques Les opérations de surveillance retenues en 2013 pour la masse d’eau de transition « Estuaire du Lay » FRGT30 (Figure 3) étaient : o échantillonnage stationnel sur une grille de 30 points des herbiers de la zostère naine Zostera noltei Hornemann en septembre 2013 sur la station Lay crochon 1982 selon le protocole DCE (Auby et al., 2012). Figure 3 : Masse d’Eau de Transition « Estuaire du Lay » FRGT30. Source http://envlit.ifremer.fr/surveillance/directive_cadre_sur_l_eau_dce. La station herbier Lay crochon 1982 n’est pas encore visible sur la carte. L’objet de ce document est d’exposer les résultats de l’échantillonnage stationnel des invertébrés benthiques subtidaux et intertidaux dans la masse d’eau côtière FRGC53 Pertuis Breton. Deux précédents documents ont fait l’objet des rendus de résultats du contrôle de surveillance 2013 pour : - les macroalgues intertidales (Sauriau & Bréret, 2014) ; - les herbier de Zostera (Zosterella) noltei (Sauriau et al., 2014). - 3 - Contrat de prestation 2013 5210063 : invertébrés benthiques 2. Matériel & méthodes 2.1. Stations du contrôle de surveillance invertébrés benthiques 2.1.1 Arcay et La Flotte o Stations échantillonnées pour la faune des sables fins à vases sableuses ; o Stations échantillonnées depuis 2007 (Tableau 1 et Tableau 2) ; o Echantillonnage stationnel et quantitatif de cinq réplicats à la benne Van Veen de 0,1 m² de la macrofaune invertébrée benthique de substrat meuble subtidal selon protocole DCE (Anonymes, 2005). Tableau 1 : Caractéristiques des suivis sur la station échantillonnée. Station Arcay Regroupement La Flotte Moyens à la mer Embarcation côtière avec treuil (bateau de location) Paramètres Macrofaune benthique (détermination) 1 granulométrie + 1 matière organique Fréquence mars-avril, tous les 3 ans du plan de gestion Opérateur prélèvement CNRS CREMA (2006-2007) Opérateur tri et détermination CNRS CRELA (2008-2009) Opérateur mesure CNRS LIENSs (2010-2013) granulométrie Opérateur mesure matière organique Début prélèvements 2006 (prospection) et 2007-2013 (surveillance) Tableau 2 : Caractéristiques des suivis sur la station échantillonnée. Station La Flotte Regroupement Arcay Moyens à la mer Embarcation côtière avec treuil (bateau de location) Paramètres Macrofaune benthique (détermination) 1 granulométrie + 1 matière organique Fréquence mars-avril, tous les 3 ans du plan de gestion Opérateur prélèvement CNRS CREMA (2006-2007) Opérateur tri et détermination CNRS CRELA (2008-2009) Opérateur mesure CNRS LIENSs (2010-2013) granulométrie Opérateur mesure matière organique - 4 - Contrat de prestation 2013 5210063 : invertébrés benthiques Début prélèvements 2006 (prospection) et 2007-2013 (surveillance) 2.1.2 Plage de la Charge Neuve o Station échantillonnée pour la faune des sables fins à vases sableuses ; o Station échantillonnée depuis 2007 (Tableau 3) ; o Echantillonnage stationnel et quantitatif de cinq réplicats avec un quadrat de 0,1 m² de la macrofaune invertébrée benthique de substrat meuble intertidal selon protocole DCE (Anonymes, 2005). Tableau 3 : Caractéristiques des suivis sur la station échantillonnée. Station Plage de la Charge Neuve Regroupement Non Moyens à la mer Accès pédestre à deux personnes Paramètres Macrofaune benthique (détermination) 1 granulométrie + 1 matière organique Fréquence mars-avril, tous les 3 ans du plan de gestion Opérateur prélèvement CNRS CREMA (2006-2007) Opérateur tri et détermination CNRS CRELA (2008-2009) Opérateur mesure CNRS LIENSs (2010-2013) granulométrie Opérateur mesure matière organique Début prélèvements 2006 (prospection)
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