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Antibody Seroprevalence to Hantaviruses in Rodents from Reserva De La Biosfera Sierra De Huatla, Morelos

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Antibody Seroprevalence to Hantaviruses in Rodents from Reserva De La Biosfera Sierra De Huatla, Morelos Western North American Naturalist Volume 72 Number 1 Article 14 4-5-2012 Antibody seroprevalence to hantaviruses in rodents from Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huatla, Morelos Elizabeth Arellano Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, [email protected] Iván Castro-Arellano University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, [email protected] Gerardo Suzán Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Francisco X. González-Cózatl Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan Recommended Citation Arellano, Elizabeth; Castro-Arellano, Iván; Suzán, Gerardo; and González-Cózatl, Francisco X. (2012) "Antibody seroprevalence to hantaviruses in rodents from Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huatla, Morelos," Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 72 : No. 1 , Article 14. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss1/14 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Western North American Naturalist 72(1), © 2012, pp. 105–109 ANTIBODY SEROPREVALENCE TO HANTAVIRUSES IN RODENTS FROM RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA DE HUAUTLA, MORELOS Elizabeth Arellano1,6, Iván Castro-Arellano2,5, Gerardo Suzán3, Francisco X. González-Cózatl1, and Ricardo Morales Jiménez4 ABSTRACT.—Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare disease with a high mortality rate, caused by New World viral species of the genus Hantavirus. The presence of hantaviruses both north and south of Mexico suggests an extended presence through the country. Our objective was to conduct serologic tests to detect antibodies against hantaviruses in wild rodents of the tropical deciduous forest in Morelos, Mexico, and to report information about the distribution and prevalence of these viruses. Blood samples from 153 cricetid and heteromyid rodents were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti- bodies. One individual of Liomys irroratus was seropositive for a Hantavirus antigen. Our results suggest that hantaviruses occur in rodents from southern Morelos in central Mexico. Given the possibility of a false positive result, it is important that this finding be validated with further research. RESUMEN.—El Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus es una enfermedad rara con alta tasa de mortandad, causada por una especie viral del género Hantavirus del Nuevo Mundo. La presencia de hantavirus al norte y sur de México sugiere una presencia extendida a través del país. Nuestro objetivo fue llevar a cabo pruebas serológicas para detectar anticuerpos contra hantavirus en roedores del bosque tropical deciduo en Morelos, México y reportar información acerca de la distribución y prevalencia de estos virus. Muestras de sangre de 152 roedores cricétidos y heterómidos fueron puestas a prueba con antic- uerpos inmunoglobulina G (IgG). Un individuo de Liomys irroratus fue seropositivo para un antígeno de Hantavirus. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los hantavirus ocurren en la parte central de México en roedores del sur de Morelos. Dada la posibilidad de un falso resultado positivo, es importante que estos resultados sean validados con estudios adicionales. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a subfamily Neotominae (Schmaljohn and Hjelle rare disease caused by New World viral species 1997). Although rodents with antibodies to han- of the genus Hantavirus (Family Buyaviridae). taviruses have been detected in Mexico, HPS It has a high mortality rate (close to 40%; Ramos has not been documented in this country (Yates 2008) and has been detected in countries in et al. 2002, Vado-Solís et al. 2003, Milazzo et al. North America (United States and Canada), 2006). Central America (Costa Rica, Honduras, and Fourteen cricetid rodent species with anti- Panama), and South America (Argentina, Bolivia, body-positive individuals have been reported in Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay), where Mexico: Baiomys musculus, Habromys simula- most cases have been caused by the Sin Nombre tus, Habromys sp., Oryzomys couesi, Peromyscus and Andes viruses (Hjelle et al. 1995, Vincent et aztecus, P. beatae, P. hylocetes, P. levipes, P. mani - al. 2000, Yates et al. 2002, Milazzo et al. 2006). culatus, P. melanotis, Reithrodontomys fulves - More than 20 viral types of Hantavirus have cens, R. megalotis, R. sumichrasti, and Sigmodon been described for the New World, and almost mascotensis (Hjelle et al. 1995, Mantooth et al. 50% of them are related to HPS. Hantaviruses 2001, Suzán et al. 2001, Chu et al. 2007, Ramos are highly species specific and typically have a 2008, Castro-Arellano et al. 2009). However, single primary host and a small number of sec- the identity of the hosted virus is unknown for ondary host species. In the Americas, the pri- most of these species. At present, the only mary hosts are usually rodents from the family identified viral types are the Moro Canyon Cricetidae, most of which are species of the virus in R. mega lotis (Mantooth et al. 2001) and 1Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62209, México. 2Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. 3Departamento de Etología y Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, C.P. 04510, México. 4Departamento de Enfermedades Emergentes, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaria de Salud, Prol. de Carpio 470, Distrito Federal, C.P. 11340, México. 5Present address: Department of Biology, Texas State University–San Marcos, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA. 6E-mail: [email protected] 105 106 WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST [Volume 72 Fig. 1. Location of collecting sites at Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, Mexico. Site codes correspond to time of abandonment shown in Table 1. Distances between sites ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 km. the Playa de Oro virus found in O. couesi and 49 species of the genus Peromyscus (Musser and S. mascotensis (Chu et al. 2007), neither of which Carleton 2005) and that several peromyscine- is known to be pathogenic to humans. Risk for borne hantaviruses are known from North Amer- hantavirus infection to humans is distributed ica, many of these rodents species in Mexico heterogeneously with higher probabilities, probably harbor hantaviruses (Suzán et al. 2001, either for Hantavirus or other rodent-borne Castro-Arellano 2009). Hantavirus-infected indi - pathogens, occurring in rural or suburban areas viduals from 12 rodent species have been found where natural habitats have been altered by in Texas, and their ranges extend south to human activities (Patz et al. 2004). This risk Mexico (Mantooth et al. 2001). Similarly, there distribution is likely due to the ubiquitous pres- are records of the Catacama virus in Oryzomys ence of invasive and generalist rodent species couesi from Honduras (Milazzo et al. 2006) after habitat transformation, especially in areas and reports of seropositive individuals of Rei- with a high degree of fragmentation (Vado- throdontomys mexicanus from Costa Rica (Hjelle Solís et al. 2003, Suzán et al. 2008). et al. 1995) and Oligoryzomys fulvescens from Mexico has one of the highest diversities of Panama (Vincent et al. 2000), all neotropical mammals in the world, with 525 species, 235 of species with a wide distribution in Mexico. which (44.8%) belong to the order Rodentia Detection of hantaviruses both north and south (Ceballos and Oliva 2005). These values could of Mexico suggests that hantaviruses should be be underestimated if we consider those cryptic present throughout the country. Therefore it is species detected only by molecular markers with necessary to investigate their distribution and high genetic divergence (González-Cózatl et al. prevalence in Mexican rodents. We performed 2009). In addition, the high turnover rate (beta serologic tests to detect Hantavirus antibodies diversity) present in Mexico creates a mosaic in wild rodents from the dry forest of the state of species with restricted distribution and a of Morelos, Mexico, and we provide information high probability of being potential reservoirs for about the distribution and prevalence of these pathogens such as hantaviruses. viruses in the Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Peromyscus maniculatus is the primary res - Huautla (RBSH), a protected area located in the ervoir of the Sin Nombre virus (SNV), how- southernmost part of the state of Morelos. ever it has been confirmed that SNV-like hanta - Fieldwork was done on the outskirts of the viruses are widely distributed in North America. town El Limon, located in the RBSH, Morelos, There are also other peromyscine-borne han- Mexico (Fig. 1). Dominant vegetation corre- taviruses that are associated with HPS, such as sponded to tropical deciduous forest. The region the New York and Monongahela viruses (Mon- is characterized by, among other things, a high roe et al. 1999). Considering that Mexico has human emigration rate that has caused the 2012] NOTES 107 abandonment of areas previously used as crop - deviation of the cut-off positive control. Sero- land. Sampling formed part of a larger project logic tests detect the presence of an
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