Glutamate Addiction
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
GLUTAMATE and A DDICTION EDITED BY BARBARA H. HERMAN, PhD CO-EDITED BY JERRY FRANKENHEIM, PhD RAYE Z. LITTEN, PhD PHILIP H. SHERIDAN, MD FORREST F. W EIGHT, MD STEVEN R. ZUKIN, MD HUMANA PRESS GLUTAMATE AND ADDICTION C ontemporary C linical Series Editors: Ralph Lydic and N euroscience Helen A. Baghdoyan Genetics and Genomics of Neurobehavioral Disorders, edited by Gene S. Fisch, 2003 Sedation and Analgesia for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures, edited by Shobha Malviya, Norah N. Naughton, and Kevin K. Tremper, 2003 Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia, edited by Joseph F. Antognini, Earl E. Carstens, and Douglas E. Raines, 2002 Glutamate and Addiction edited by Barbara Herman, 2002 Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases edited by Marie-Françoise Chesselet, 2000 Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience GLUTAMATE AND ADDICTION Edited by BARBARA H. HERMAN, PhD Clinical Medical Branch, Division of Treatment Research and Development National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD Coeditors Jerry Frankenheim, PhD Pharmacology, Integrative & Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch (PICNRB) Division of Neuroscience & Behavioral Research (DNBR), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD Raye Z. Litten, PhD Treatment Research Branch, Division of Clinical and Prevention Research National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD Philip H. Sheridan, MD Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Drug Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Forrest F. Weight, MD Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIAAA) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD Steven R. Zukin, MD Division of Treatment Research and Development, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD HUMANA PRESS TOTOWA, NEW JERSEY © 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208 Totowa, New Jersey 07512 www.humanapress.com All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher. The content and opinions expressed in this book are the sole work of the authors and editors, who have warranted due diligence in the creation and issuance of their work. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences arising from the information or opinions presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to its contents. Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of the information published and to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contrain- dications. This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug. It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients. Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application of the information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication. Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary. For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.: 973-256-1699;Fax: 973-256-8341; E-mail: [email protected] or visit our website: http://humanapress.com The opinions expressed herein are the views of the authors and may not necessarily reflect the official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other parts of the US Department of Health and Human Services. The US Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ ANSI Z39.48-1984 (American National Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Humana Press Inc., provided that the base fee of US $8.00 per copy, plus US $00.25 per page, is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Humana Press Inc. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: [0-89603-879-3/03 $10.00 + $00.25]. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glutamate and addiction / edited by Barbara H. Herman; coeditors, Jerry Frankenheim...[et al.]. p.;cm.–(Contemporary clinical neuroscience) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89603-879-3 (alk. paper) 1. Substance abuse–Pathophysiology. 2. Glutamic acid–Physiological effect. I. Herman, Barbara H. II. Frankenheim, Jerry. III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Substance-Related Disorders–physiopathology. 2. Glutamates–pharmacology. 3. Receptors, Glutamates–physiology. WM 270 G567 2002] RC564.G585 2002 616.86–dc21 2002190242 Acknowledgments This book is dedicated to our families and collaborators who contributed and sup- ported this effort to characterize the role of glutamatergic systems in addiction disorders and to develop new technologies for the treatment of these brain disorders. This book is also dedicated to Dr. Marian Fischman who died on October 23, 2001 during the final review phase of this book. Dr. Fischman’s contributions to the medications development of cocaine and opiate addiction were an outstanding influence in understanding the biology and treatment of addiction disorders. Finally, this book is dedicated to the phy- sicians Lawrence Kelley, MD, Jacqueline R. Honig, MD, Marc S. Myerson, MD, and the countless other valued medical personnel who brought one of us back from a near death experience during its creation. To Alexandra Samantha Herman, Robert H. Herman, Anita S. Herman And our families BHH, JF, RL, FW, SZ Preface Assembling Glutamate and Addiction was a two-and-a-half year labor of love. As editors, we all had the same goal in mind and pursued this with a fierce dedication. We felt that it was now time for a volume clarifying for the first time the relationship between glutamatergic systems and addiction. The past decade has seen a steady and escalating progression of scientific advances that have implicated a pivotal role of glutamatergic systems in cocaine, opiate, and alcohol dependence––both the etiology of these disorders and their treatment. As editors, we met as a group several times a year to discuss the progress and the ever emerging direction of the book. As senior editor, I am personally indebted to the superb job of the coeditors attracting the very best scientists in this field to contribute their important papers to this book. To Philip H. Sheridan, MD of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for his mar- velous ability to attract internationally known scientists to contribute to the first section of the book on the basic physiology and pharmacology of glutamate. The five stellar chapters in this section include ones by Borges and Dingledine; Witkin, Kaminski and Rogawski; Choi and Snider; Sanchez and Jensen; and Kaul and Lipton. A special thank you to Michael A. Rogawski, MD, PhD, Epilepsy Research Section, NINDS, NIH for being an early and avid supporter of this effort and bringing to our attention valuable contribu- tors to this book. It is our hope that these five introductory chapters will provide a level playing field for all readers of this book to upgrade their basic understanding of glutamate before proceeding to the other research chapters focused on the relationship between glutamate and various addictive disorders. To Jerry Frankenheim, PhD of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for his wonderful role, as senior editor of Section II, in illus- trating the role of glutamatergic systems in stimulant drugs of abuse including cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. Dr. Frankenheim displayed considerable care in editing this section. In addition, I am personally indebted to Dr. Frankenheim for his seamless job in serving as Acting Senior Editor of