61 Subpart G—Gums, Chewing Gum Bases and Related Substances

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

61 Subpart G—Gums, Chewing Gum Bases and Related Substances Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 172.615 Uses Limitations used in food in accordance with the fol- lowing prescribed conditions: In carbonated bev- Not to exceed 83 parts per million, as (a) The additive is produced by par- erages as a flavor. quinine. Label shall bear a promi- nent declaration of the presence of tial hydrolysis of yeast extract (de- quinine either by the use of the rived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, word ``quinine'' in the name of the Saccharomyces fragilis, or Candida utilis) article or through a separate dec- laration. using the sprout portion of malt barley as the source of enzymes. The additive contains a maximum of 6 percent 5′ nu- § 172.580 Safrole-free extract of sas- cleotides by weight. safras. (b) The additive may be used as a fla- The food additive safrole-free extract vor enhancer in food at a level not in of sassafras may be safely used in ac- excess of that reasonably required to cordance with the following prescribed produce the intended effect. conditions: (a) The additive is the aqueous ex- Subpart GÐGums, Chewing Gum tract obtained from the root bark of Bases and Related Substances the plant Sassafras albidum (Nuttall) Nees (Fam. Lauraceae). § 172.610 Arabinogalactan. (b) It is obtained by extracting the Arabinogalactan may be safely used bark with dilute alcohol, first concen- in food in accordance with the fol- trating the alcoholic solution by vacu- lowing conditions: um distillation, then diluting the con- (a) Arabinogalactan is a poly- centrate with water and discarding the saccharide extracted by water from oily fraction. Western larch wood, having galactose (c) The purified aqueous extract is units and arabinose units in the ap- safrole-free. proximate ratio of six to one. (d) It is used as a flavoring in food. (b) It is used in the following foods in the minimum quantity required to § 172.585 Sugar beet extract flavor base. produce its intended effect as an emul- sifier, stabilizer, binder, or bodying Sugar beet extract flavor base may agent: Essential oils, nonnutritive be safely used in food in accordance sweeteners, flavor bases, nonstandard- with the provisions of this section. ized dressings, and pudding mixes. (a) Sugar beet extract flavor base is the concentrated residue of soluble § 172.615 Chewing gum base. sugar beet extractives from which The food additive chewing gum base sugar and glutamic acid have been re- may be safely used in the manufacture covered, and which has been subjected of chewing gum in accordance with the to ion exchange to minimize the con- following prescribed conditions: centration of naturally occurring trace (a) The food additive consists of one minerals. or more of the following substances (b) It is used as a flavor in food. that meet the specifications and limi- tations prescribed in this paragraph, § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. used in amounts not to exceed those re- Yeast-malt sprout extract, as de- quired to produce the intended physical scribed in this section, may be safely or other technical effect. MASTICATORY SUBSTANCES NATURAL (COAGULATED OR CONCENTRATED LATICES) OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN Family Genus and species Sapotaceae: Chicle ............................................................ Manilkara zapotilla Gilly and Manilkara chicle Gilly. Chiquibul ....................................................... Manilkara zapotilla Gilly. Crown gum .................................................... Manilkara zapotilla Gilly and Manilkara chicle Gilly. Gutta hang kang ........................................... Palaquium leiocarpum Boerl. and Palaquium oblongifolium Burck. Massaranduba balata (and the solvent-free Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier. resin extract of Massaranduba balata). Massaranduba chocolate .............................. Manilkara solimoesensis Gilly. 61 VerDate 27<APR>2000 14:28 May 10, 2000 Jkt 190063 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\190063T.XXX pfrm02 PsN: 190063T.
Recommended publications
  • International Journal of Modern Pharmaceutical
    IJMPR 2021, 5(4), 39-46 ISSN: 2319-5878 IJMPR Amandeep et al. International Journal International of Journal Modern of Modern Pharmaceutical Research 39 Review Article Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor: 5.273 www.ijmpronline.com REVIEW ARTICLE ON MANILKARA HEXANDRA (KHIRNI) Amandeep Kaur* and Dr. Naresh Singh Gill Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra. Received on: 25/05/2021 ABSTRACT Revised on: 15/06/2021 Manilkara hexandra commonly known as Rayan and Khirni is an evergreen tree Accepted on: 05/07/2021 species with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in South Asia chiefly in western and central India, belongs to family Sapotaceae. The genus Manilkara includes *Corresponding Author 135 plants that are distributed Worldwide. Sapotaceae family consists of 58 genus and Amandeep Kaur just about 1250 species with morphological variation, ranging from shrubs to medium and giant trees. Brazil comprises of 11 genera, and 231 species, covering 1 endemic Department of genus, and 104 endemic species. The plant has been famous for its curative properties Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and has been put to use for treatment of various ailments suchlike ulcer, bronchitis, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, jaundice, fever, hyper dyspepsia, arthritis and alimentary disorders. A record of the Railmajra. literature show extracts and metabolites from this plant having pharmacological properties such as anti–inflammatory, antiulcer, aphrodisiac, alexipharmic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and free radical scavenging activity. Apart from medicinal uses, plant has high scale value because of its edible and nutritive fruit, useful wood, latex and bark and contributes substantial livelihood support to local inhabitants. KEYWORDS: Khirni, Manilkara hexandra, Sapotaceae, Rayan, Pharmacological properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento
    [Show full text]
  • Ingenious Inventions
    Inventions Ingenious Prehistoric men and women In 1848, the Curtis brothers chewed on lumps of tree resin for pure made chewing gum from pure spruce enjoyment. For centuries the ancient tree resin. Later, adding paraffi n and Greeks chewed mastic gum derived from fl avoring to their already popular OST of us have enjoyed chewing the resin of the mastic tree. The word concoction, the brothers opened the gum at some point in our life. In M “mastic” in Greek means “to chew”. This fi rst major gum manufacturing plant, fact, people have enjoyed chewing gum- is the resin obtained from the bark of the Curtis Chewing Gum Factory. like substances in many lands and from the mastic tree, a shrub-like tree found very early times. The materials may mainly in Greece and Turkey. Grecian have been different – sometimes they women especially favored chewing were thickened resin and latex from Thomas Adams mastic gum to clean their teeth and certain kinds of trees, or various sweet sweeten their breath. grasses, leaves, grains and waxes. First fi nding relating to gum has been traced to 5000-year-old human settlements in Finland. In those distant times, many old cultures (Aztecs, Ancient Greeks and Egyptians) used several types of chewing gum as a mouth freshener and medicinal accessory. Thomas Adams was a photographer, he tried his hand at the gum business, boiling down chicle (natural gum collected from several species of Mesoamerican trees including M. zapota, M. chicle, M. staminodella, and M. bidentata) in his home. SCIENCE REPORTER, MARCH 2013 56 Ingenious Inventions Susan Montgomery Williams of Fresno, California established the Guinness World Record for the largest bubblegum bubble in 1996, blowing a bubble that measured 23 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Accounting for Variation of Substitution Rates Through Time in Bayesian Phylogeny Reconstruction of Sapotoideae (Sapotaceae)
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2006) 706–721 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Accounting for variation of substitution rates through time in Bayesian phylogeny reconstruction of Sapotoideae (Sapotaceae) Jenny E.E. Smedmark ¤, Ulf Swenson, Arne A. Anderberg Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Received 9 September 2005; revised 4 January 2006; accepted 12 January 2006 Available online 21 February 2006 Abstract We used Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 5 kb of chloroplast DNA data from 68 Sapotaceae species to clarify phylogenetic relation- ships within Sapotoideae, one of the two major clades within Sapotaceae. Variation in substitution rates through time was shown to be a very important aspect of molecular evolution for this data set. Relative rates tests indicated that changes in overall rate have taken place in several lineages during the history of the group and Bayes factors strongly supported a covarion model, which allows the rate of a site to vary over time, over commonly used models that only allow rates to vary across sites. Rate variation over time was actually found to be a more important model component than rate variation across sites. The covarion model was originally developed for coding gene sequences and has so far only been tested for this type of data. The fact that it performed so well with the present data set, consisting mainly of data from noncoding spacer regions, suggests that it deserves a wider consideration in model based phylogenetic inference. Repeatability of phylogenetic results was very diYcult to obtain with the more parameter rich models, and analyses with identical settings often supported diVerent topologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Copiopteryx Jehovah and Its Immature Stages (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Arsenurinae)
    Vol. 8 No. 2 1997 WOLFE and BENELUZ: Copiopteryx Jehovah Biology 67 TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 8(2): 67-70 COPIOPTERYX JEHOVAH AND ITS IMMATURE STAGES (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE: ARSENURINAE) KIRBY L. WOLFE1 and FREDERIC BENELUZ2 '3090 Cordrey Drive, Escondido, California 92029 USA Universal Butterfly, Post Box #6, F-97311 Roura, French Guiana ABSTRACT.- The adult and immature stages of Copiopteryx jehovah are described and illustrated in color. Larvae fed upon Chrysophyllum caimito and Manilkara zapota (Sapotaceae). RESUME.- Description et illustration en coulour, de I'oef a I'adulte, de Copiopteryx jehovah. Elevage sur Chrysophyllum caimito et Manilkara zapota. RESUMEN.- Se describen e ilustran a color los adultos y los estadios inmaduros de Copiopteryx jehovah. Las larvas se alimentaron de Chrysophyllum caimito y Manilkara zapota (Sapotaceae). KEY WORDS: Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, eggs, Guatemala, hostplants, larvae, larval behavior, Mexico, Neotropical, pupae, Sapotaceae, South America. The Neotropical genus Copiopteryx, occurring from southern guyanensis A. de Candolle (Sapotaceae), but were subsequently Mexico to Argentina (Lemaire, 1980), contains 5 species of long- moved to other species of Sapotaceae. Larvae were removed from tailed moths with dead-leaf mimicry. Although the adult moths sleeves to pots of loose soil for pupation, and emergence of adults are spectacular and well known, little has been published about began less than two months later. their habits and immature stages. Otero (1965) described the Adults emerged about 1-3 hours after dark in the laboratory. immature stages of Copiopteryx sonthonnaxi Em. Andre, closely Females remained at rest and one was seen to call from 1900h related to C. jehovah (Walker), but did not disclose its foodplant.
    [Show full text]
  • EL JARDÍN FORESTAL MAYA Ocho Milenios De Cultivo Sostenible De Los Bosques Tropicales
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348834135 EL JARDÍN FORESTAL MAYA Ocho milenios de cultivo sostenible de los bosques tropicales Book · January 2021 CITATIONS READS 0 55 2 authors, including: Anabel Ford University of California, Santa Barbara 62 PUBLICATIONS 750 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: E Pilar ~ Belize Guatemala: Archaeology, Community, Conservation View project All content following this page was uploaded by Anabel Ford on 28 January 2021. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. EL JARDÍN FORESTAL MAYA EL JARDÍN FORESTAL MAYA Ocho milenios de cultivo sostenible de los bosques tropicales Ronald Nigh Anabel Ford CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES Y ESTUDIOS Exploring Solutions Past SUPERIORES EN ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL The Maya Forest Alliance Primera publicación 2015 por Left Coast Press, Inc. en Inglés Segunda publicación 2016 por Routledge en Inglés 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, Nueva York, NY 10017, EEUU The Publishers revert the Spanish language rights granted to Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group) to the Authors. Routlege es una imprenta del Grupo Taylor & Francis, una empresa de información. Copyright © 2015 Taylor & Francis en Inglés Derechos reservados. Ninguna parte de este libro puede ser reimpresa, reproducida o utilizada de ninguna forma o por cualquier medio electrónico, mecánico u otro medio, ahora conocido o inventado en el futuro, incluida la fotocopia y grabación, o en cualquier sistema de almacenamiento o recuperación de información, sin per- miso por escrito de las editoriales. Aviso: los nombres de productos o corporativos pueden ser marcas comerciales o nombres corporativos pueden ser marcas comerciales o marcas comerciales regis- tradas, y se usan solo para identificación y explicación sin intención de infringir.
    [Show full text]
  • Chewing Gum Base. Sugar Beet Extract Flavor Base May Be Safely Used in Food in Accordance the Food Additive Chewing Gum Base with the Provisions of This Section
    § 172.575 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–13 Edition) than 0.5 percent. The additive is added § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. to the wort before or during cooking in Yeast-malt sprout extract, as de- the manufacture of beer. scribed in this section, may be safely § 172.575 Quinine. used in food in accordance with the fol- lowing prescribed conditions: Quinine, as the hydrochloride salt or sulfate salt, may be safely used in food (a) The additive is produced by par- in accordance with the following condi- tial hydrolysis of yeast extract (de- tions: rived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, Saccharomyces fragilis, or Candida utilis) Uses Limitations using the sprout portion of malt barley as the source of enzymes. The additive In carbonated bev- Not to exceed 83 parts per million, as erages as a flavor. quinine. Label shall bear a promi- contains a maximum of 6 percent 5′ nu- nent declaration of the presence of cleotides by weight. quinine either by the use of the (b) The additive may be used as a fla- word ‘‘quinine’’ in the name of the article or through a separate dec- vor enhancer in food at a level not in laration. excess of that reasonably required to produce the intended effect. § 172.580 Safrole-free extract of sas- safras. Subpart G—Gums, Chewing Gum The food additive safrole-free extract Bases and Related Substances of sassafras may be safely used in ac- cordance with the following prescribed § 172.610 Arabinogalactan. conditions: Arabinogalactan may be safely used (a) The additive is the aqueous ex- in food in accordance with the fol- tract obtained from the root bark of lowing conditions: the plant Sassafras albidum (Nuttall) (a) Arabinogalactan is a poly- Nees (Fam.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Diversification Amongst Tropical Regions
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 03 December 2014 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00362 Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae Kate E. Armstrong 1,2,3*, Graham N. Stone 2, James A. Nicholls 2, Eugenio Valderrama 2,3, Arne A. Anderberg 4, Jenny Smedmark 5, Laurent Gautier 6, Yamama Naciri 6, Richard Milne 7 and James E. Richardson 3,8 1 The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA 2 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland 4 Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden 5 University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 6 Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Genève, Switzerland 7 Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland 8 Laboratorio de Botánica y Sistemática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia Edited by: Species diversity is unequally distributed across the globe, with the greatest concentration Marshall Abrams, University of occurring in the tropics. Even within the tropics, there are significant differences in the Alabama at Birmingham, USA numbers of taxa found in each continental region. Manilkara is a pantropical genus of Reviewed by: trees in the Sapotaceae comprising c. 78 species. Its distribution allows for biogeographic Marcial Escudero, Doñana Biological Station - Consejo Superior de investigation and testing of whether rates of diversification differ amongst tropical Investigaciones Científicas, Spain regions. The age and geographical origin of Manilkara are inferred to determine whether Ze-Long Nie, Chinese Academy of Gondwanan break-up, boreotropical migration or long distance dispersal have shaped Sciences, China its current disjunct distribution. Diversification rates through time are also analyzed to *Correspondence: determine whether the timing and tempo of speciation on each continent coincides with Kate E.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing the Veracity of Paleoethnobotanical Macroremain Data: a Case Study from the Cerén Site, El Salvador
    Testing the Veracity of Paleoethnobotanical Macroremain Data: A Case Study from the Cerén Site, El Salvador A thesis submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies and Research of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Anthropology of the McMicken College of Arts and Sciences 2012 Angela N. Hood B.A., Ohio University 2006 Committee: Vernon L. Scarborough, Chair Sarah E. Jackson David L. Lentz Abstract Archaeological research conducted in 2009 at the Cerén site, a Late Classic Maya village in El Salvador rapidly buried in volcanic ash from the Loma Caldera eruption in A.D. 600, identified intensively cultivated outfields planted in manioc (Manihot esculenta) and maize (Zea mays) 200 meters south of the habitation area. Ash from Loma Caldera encased plants growing in the outfields when the volcano erupted, and the spaces once occupied by these plants were cast in plaster to reveal an unusually detailed view of an ancient agricultural landscape. A midden comprised of abundant charred paleoethnobotanical macroremains and artifacts was found among these fields. Manioc and maize stems cast in plaster were found to be growing from the midden at the time of the eruption. This thesis hypothesizes that manioc plant parts would be identified in the midden’s assemblage of charred macroremains since the plant’s stems grew from the midden. A paleoethnobotanical analysis conducted with the midden assemblage did not identify any manioc plant parts, however. To address
    [Show full text]
  • 68 Subpart G—Gums, Chewing Gum Bases and Related Substances
    § 172.575 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–13 Edition) than 0.5 percent. The additive is added § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. to the wort before or during cooking in Yeast-malt sprout extract, as de- the manufacture of beer. scribed in this section, may be safely § 172.575 Quinine. used in food in accordance with the fol- lowing prescribed conditions: Quinine, as the hydrochloride salt or sulfate salt, may be safely used in food (a) The additive is produced by par- in accordance with the following condi- tial hydrolysis of yeast extract (de- tions: rived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, Saccharomyces fragilis, or Candida utilis) Uses Limitations using the sprout portion of malt barley as the source of enzymes. The additive In carbonated bev- Not to exceed 83 parts per million, as erages as a flavor. quinine. Label shall bear a promi- contains a maximum of 6 percent 5′ nu- nent declaration of the presence of cleotides by weight. quinine either by the use of the (b) The additive may be used as a fla- word ‘‘quinine’’ in the name of the article or through a separate dec- vor enhancer in food at a level not in laration. excess of that reasonably required to produce the intended effect. § 172.580 Safrole-free extract of sas- safras. Subpart G—Gums, Chewing Gum The food additive safrole-free extract Bases and Related Substances of sassafras may be safely used in ac- cordance with the following prescribed § 172.610 Arabinogalactan. conditions: Arabinogalactan may be safely used (a) The additive is the aqueous ex- in food in accordance with the fol- tract obtained from the root bark of lowing conditions: the plant Sassafras albidum (Nuttall) (a) Arabinogalactan is a poly- Nees (Fam.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Metabolites 1
    What are the ingredients of Plants? A was wrong to 99.9 % biomass Conclusion from Helmont’s experiment Î most of the mass of plants is made up by water! 90 % What are the ingredients of Plants? How do plants and animals differ as food for humans? Î Î Î The role of plants changed with time from emphasis shifting from minerals to vitamins to fiber to necessary supplements of our intake. Why are plants the masters in biosynthesis? The major reason is that plants have chloroplasts. CHLOROPLASTS: -are domesticated former cyanobacteria that have been swallowed and accommodated inside the cells of the ancestors of green alga and plants -Photosynthesis allows algae and plants to produce a nearly limitless supply of sugars and other organic compounds that they use to bribe or repel other organism, e.g. bacteria around their root, insects for protection & pollination -retained their own DNA and also ribosomes to synthetize amino acids and proteins/enzymes that add to the biochemical potential of the host cell. Their biochemical abilities make plants the primary producers of biomass on the planet. They also give them the ability to attract (sugar, smells, pheromones) or repel (poison) other forms of life. Plants are masters in symbioses and networking. The endosymbiont Theory of Evolution (1) 1883 Botanist Andreas Schimper observed that the division of chloroplasts in plants closely resembled that of free-living cyanobacteria, (2) 1905 endosymbiotic theory was first articulated by the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowsky (3) 1920s Ivan Wallin
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Ecological Assessment Aguacaliente Wildlife Sanctuary
    RAPID ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AGUACALIENTE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Jan C. Meerman Augustin Howe, Steven Choco, Adriano Ack, Elam Choc, Santos Kok & Alberto Muku This report was prepared for: Aguacaliente Management Team under grants provided by PACT with additional assistance from Belize Tropical Forest Studies. December, 2006 RAPID ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AGUACALIENTE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY J an C. Meerman Augustin Howe, Steven Choco, Adriano Ack, Elam Choc, Santos Kok & Alberto Muku Page: 1. Introduction 1 1.1. General Introduction 1 1.2. History of Research 4 1.3. Climate 5 1.4. Socio-economic Context 7 1.5. Socio-economic characteristics influenced by the site 10 1.5.1. Past use 10 1.5.2. Present use 11 2. Geology 14 3. Hydrology 15 4. Vegetation/Ecosystems 18 4.1. Ecosystems 18 4.2. Flora 30 5. Fauna 5.1. Invertebrates 38 5.2. Fish 39 5.3. Amphibians 40 5.4. Reptiles 41 5.5. Birds 42 5.6. Mammals 50 6. Threats 51 7. Zonation 52 8. Next steps 53 8.1. Conservation Targets 53 8.2. Compatible uses 53 8.3. Monitoring 54 9. Literature 55 10. Appendices 56 Transect data Swamp forest: Aguacaliente Variant 0 Species list: Plants 1 Species list: Butterflies 12 Species list: Fishes 14 Species list: Amphibians and Reptiles 15 Species list: Birds 16 Species list: Mammals 24 This report was prepared for: Aguacaliente Management Team under a grant provided by PACT with additional assistance from Belize Tropical Forest Studies: DECEMBER 2006 Figures: Page Figure 1. Location within Belize 1 Figure 2. Map of Aguacaliente Wildlife Sanctuary plus surrounding 2 communities, roads, rivers and streams Figure 3.
    [Show full text]