DOCSLIB.ORG

Primus Inter Pares?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Primus Inter Pares? PRIMUS INTER PARES? AN INSTITUTIONAL COMPARISON OF THE OFFICE OF PRIME MINISTER Britain, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden and Denmark Fredrik Holm Thesis for the degree of Ph.D. Department of Government 1997 London School of Economics and Political Science UMI Number: U10B541 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U10B541 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 S°\L>L± 2£ For Marlies Cruse, Wisdom not lost in knowledge. Primus inter pares? - Table of Contents - Summary Table of Contents I. Summary page Chapter 1. Primus inter Pares? - An Introduction...........................................................1 Chapter 2. The Office of Prime Minister Compared: The Methodological Aspects . 17 The Systems-Intemal Setting................................................................................. 26 The Systems-Extemal Setting ............................................................................... 38 Chapter 3. The Prime Minister and The Constitution.................................................... 60 The Constitutions: A Brief Background.................................................................64 The Constitution: Prime Ministerial Property or Problem?.................................. 71 Chapter 4. The Prime Minister and the Party ................................................................... 116 The Macroperspective: The Dominant Parties r ........................................... 118 The Microperspective: Dependency on the Party?...................................................125 The Selection of the Party Leader........................................................................... 130 Assessing the Leadership: An Autonomous or Dependent Party Leader?...............154 The Party Leadership Contract: Towards Conclusions............................................ 163 Chapter 5. The Prime Minister and The Cabinet: The Internal Dimension................... 171 The Cabinet: The Internal Dimension..................................................................... 188 The Recomposition of Cabinets: Four System...................................................... s 209 Chapter 6. The Prime Minister and The Cabinet: The External Dimension...................225 The Prime Minister and Parliament .........................................................................227 The Prime Minister and International Politics.........................................................241 The Cabinet-Dimensions in Perspective: Reasons for Termination....................... 248 The External Dimension: Some Conclusions.......................................................... 258 Chapter 7. The Prime Ministership: Towards a General Assessment............................. 266 Appendix 1. Post-1945 Prime Ministers ............................................................................... 299 Appendix 2. Post-1945 Party Leaders ................................................................................... 301 Appendix 3. The Cabinet Recomposition Magnitudes...........................................................304 Bibliography 305 Primus inter pares? Table of Contents Table of Contents II. Contents in Detail page Preface...................................................................................................................................... i Abbreviations and Terminology .................................................................................................ii Nota B ene................................................................................................................................. iii 1. PRIMUS INTER PARES? - AN INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Objective of the Study: A Comparison of the Institutional Framework............... 1 1.2 Why a Study of the Office of Prime Minister?................................................................ 5 1.3 The Structure of the Study ............................................................................................... 8 1.4 The Office of Prime Minister: A Short Background..................................................... 9 1.4.1 The Prime Minister in the Political System...................................................... 9 1.4.2 A Primus Inter Pares? ....................................................................................... 11 1.4.3 On Terminology: ’Prime Minister’ and ’Executive’ ........................................ 15 2. THE OFFICE OF PRIME MINISTER COMPARED: THE METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS 2.1 Towards a Theoretical Framework for A nalysis............................................................. 17 2.1.1 The Core Problem and the Undertaking ........................................................... 17 2.1.2 An Institutional Point of Departure .................................................................. 19 2.1.3 Does the Institutional Framework Matter? ...................................................... 24 2.1.4 Defining a Comparative Point of Departure .................................................... 25 2.2 The Systems-Intemal Setting ............................................................................................ 26 2.2.1 The Office of Prime Minister: The Dependent V ariable ................................. 26 2.2.2 Affecting the Office: The Independent Variables ............................................. 29 2.2.3 Towards an Institutional Typology of Prime Ministerial Leadership.............. 33 2.3. The Systems-Extemal S etting ......................................................................................... 38 2.3.1 A Synthesis: A Model for the Institutional Leadership Profile........................ 38 2.3.2 Properties and Problems of the M o d e l............................................................. 40 2.3.3 Comparison and Its Methodology .................................................................... 42 2.3.3.1 An Introduction: Towards a Definition ............................................. 42 2.3.3.2 Maximising the Relevance of Variables through D esign................. 44 A Most-Similar or Most-Dissimilar Design?...................................... 44 continues Primus inter pares? Table of Contents The Comparison of Systems................................................................ 47 How Many Systems Should Be Compared?...................................... 48 Selecting Systems: The Minimisation of System-Context Variation ................................................................................................ 49 Comparing the Selected Systems: AMatching-Pairs Approach .... 53 2.3.4 Some Problems and Delimitations.................................................................... 55 2.3.5 The M aterial ....................................................................................................... 56 2.3.6 A Concluding Outline ....................................................................................... 58 3. THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CONSTITUTION 3.1 Initial Definitions and Classifications .............................................................................. 60 3.2 The Constitutions: A Brief Background........................................................................... 64 3.2.1 Westminster Systems: Britain and the Republic of Ireland ............................ 64 3.2.2 Nordic Constitutionalism: Sweden and Denm ark ............................................. 68 3.3 The Constitution: Prime Ministerial Property or Problem? ........................................... 71 3.3.1 The Procedures of Government Appointment .................................................. 71 3.3.1.1 The Cases of Britain and the Irish Republic ...................................... 71 3.3.1.2 The Cases of Sweden and Denmark .................................................. 75 3.3.2 The Procedures of Parliament Dissolution......................................................... 81 3.3.2.1 The Cases of Britain and Ireland ...................................................... 81 3.3.2.2 The Cases of Sweden and Denmark .................................................. 85 3.3.3 Termination: Dismissal and Resignation of Ministers...................................... 89 3.3.3.1 The Dismissal of Cabinet Ministers.................................................... 90 3.3.3.1.1 The Cases of Britain and Ireland ........................................ 90 3.3.3.1.2 The Cases of Sweden and Denmark.................................... 91 3.3.3.2 Resignation: A Four-System Comparison ........................................ 93 3.3.4 Other Constitutional Capacities......................................................................... 95 3.4 Towards Constitutional Profiles of the Premierships...................................................... 97 3.4.1 The Processes of Appointment and Cabinet Formation.................................... 98 3.4.2 The Dissolution of Parliament........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Charter Evidence in Criminal Law
    Indiana Law Journal Volume 3 Issue 9 Article 2 6-1928 Charter Evidence in Criminal Law Joseph Cripe Wills & Cripe Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the Evidence Commons Recommended Citation Cripe, Joseph (1928) "Charter Evidence in Criminal Law," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 3 : Iss. 9 , Article 2. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol3/iss9/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTER EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CAUSES Joseph Cripe When the defendant in a criminal case takes the witness stand, his general moral character may be attacked for the pur- pose of affecting his credibility. Section 2272 of Burns' Stat- utes, 1926 Revision, provides that: "In all questions affecting the credibility of a witness, his general moral character may be given in evidence." This originally was Section 1803 of the Revised Statutes of 1881, and has been in force ever since the 19th of September, 1881. It must be understood that the char- acter of the accused in a criminal case is not in issue unless he chooses to bring it into question by himself first offering evi- dence in support of his good character but it has become the rule ever since Fletcher v State,' that if he avails himself of the privilege of testifying, he testifies under the same rules and 2 may be impeached in the same manner as other witnesses.
    [Show full text]
  • CONSTITUTION of MICHIGAN of 1963 ARTICLE V EXECUTIVE BRANCH § 1 Executive Power
    STATE CONSTITUTION (EXCERPT) CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 ARTICLE V EXECUTIVE BRANCH § 1 Executive power. Sec. 1. Except to the extent limited or abrogated by article V, section 2, or article IV, section 6, the executive power is vested in the governor. History: Const. 1963, Art. V, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964;Am. Init., approved Nov. 6, 2018, Eff. Dec. 22, 2018. Compiler's note: The constitutional amendment set out above was submitted to, and approved by, the electors as Proposal 18-2 at the November 6, 2018 general election. This amendment to the Constitution of Michigan of 1963 became effective December 22, 2018. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 2. § 2 Principal departments. Sec. 2. All executive and administrative offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the executive branch of state government and their respective functions, powers and duties, except for the office of governor and lieutenant governor, and the governing bodies of institutions of higher education provided for in this constitution, shall be allocated by law among and within not more than 20 principal departments. They shall be grouped as far as practicable according to major purposes. Organization of executive branch; assignment of functions; submission to legislature. Subsequent to the initial allocation, the governor may make changes in the organization of the executive branch or in the assignment of functions among its units which he considers necessary for efficient administration. Where these changes require the force of law, they shall be set forth in executive orders and submitted to the legislature. Thereafter the legislature shall have 60 calendar days of a regular session, or a full regular session if of shorter duration, to disapprove each executive order.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download Magna Carta FAQ Answers .PDF
    Magna Carta FAQ: Answers Produced with the support of the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEX) Answers provided by: Professor Nigel Saul Magna Carta FAQ: Answers Q1) WHAT’S MAGNA CARTA DONE FOR ME? Quite simple - it’s because of Magna Carta that we well whatever he liked – and did. After the making of the live in a free country today. Magna Carta affirmed the Charter he was subject to the law like everyone else. In vital principle of freedom under the law. Clause 39 of the mid thirteenth century the lawyer Henry Bracton was the Charter said: ‘no free man shall be imprisoned or to write, ‘in England the king is below God and below the deprived of his lands except by judgement of his peers or law’. by the law of the land’. Clause 40 said: ‘To no one shall we sell, delay or deny right or justice’. Before the making of Magna Carta the king had been able to do pretty Q2) HOW MUCH OF MAGNA CARTA IS STILL ON THE STATUTE BOOK? Very little, in fact. To be precise, just four clauses of the matters? Most definitely not. All great documents are the original 1215 version of the Charter. These are: clause product of specific historical circumstances and lose their 1, guaranteeing the liberties of the Church; clause 13, immediate relevance over time. But that does not mean guaranteeing the liberties of the City of London; and that they can be forgotten or consigned to the historical the famous clauses 39 and 40, guaranteeing due legal waste paper bin.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Dissertation
    VU Research Portal Gambling with lives for political survival Kuijpers, D. 2018 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Kuijpers, D. (2018). Gambling with lives for political survival: How democratic governments respond to casualties during military interventions. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Gambling with lives for political survival How democratic governments respond to casualties during military interventions ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor of Philosophy aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen op 5 oktober om 11:45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Dieuwertje Kuijpers geboren te Beverwijk promotor: prof.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • City Charter
    City of Portland Charter Code of Ordinances Article I Rev. 12-6-12 PART I CHARTER* ---------- *Editor's note--Historical references are cited in parentheses at the end of each section. Such references cite only the various amendments adopted by referenda conducted pursuant to home rule powers granted by P.L. 1970, c. 563 (30 M.R.S.A. § 1911 et seq.). Prior to 1970 and home rule the charter and its various amendments were enacted by the Maine Legislature and such are not cited in said parentheses. A history of the charter and amendments is attached as Appendix A. State law reference(s)--Home rule, 30 M.R.S.A. § 2101 et seq. ---------- Preamble Art. I. Grant of Powers to the City, §§ 1, 2 Art. II. City Council; Mayor, Ranked Choice Voting §§ 1--11 Art. III. Board of Public Education, §§ 1--6 Art. IV. Elections, §§ 1--11 Art. V. Recall, §§ 1--7 Art. VI. Administrative Officers, §§ 1--8 Art. VII. Business and Financial Provisions, §§ 1--16 Art. VIII.Miscellaneous Provisions, §§ 1--5 PREAMBLE We, the People of Portland, Maine, establish this Charter to secure the benefits of local governance and to provide for the general health, safety and welfare of our community. In so doing, we build a government that meets the needs of the people it serves and whose character it reflects. Our government shall further cooperation, encourage leadership, solicit our input and support the active participation of our residents in their governance. Our government shall be effective and accountable and shall promote equal rights and representative democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative North Americas: What Canada and The
    ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS What Canada and the United States Can Learn from Each Other David T. Jones ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 20004 Copyright © 2014 by David T. Jones All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of author’s rights. Published online. ISBN: 978-1-938027-36-9 DEDICATION Once more for Teresa The be and end of it all A Journey of Ten Thousand Years Begins with a Single Day (Forever Tandem) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Borders—Open Borders and Closing Threats .......................................... 12 Chapter 2 Unsettled Boundaries—That Not Yet Settled Border ................................ 24 Chapter 3 Arctic Sovereignty—Arctic Antics ............................................................. 45 Chapter 4 Immigrants and Refugees .........................................................................54 Chapter 5 Crime and (Lack of) Punishment .............................................................. 78 Chapter 6 Human Rights and Wrongs .................................................................... 102 Chapter 7 Language and Discord ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vigilante Groups and Policing in a Democratizing Nigeria: Navigating the Context and Issues
    Brazilian Journal of African Studies | Porto Alegre | v. 4, n. 8, Jul./Dec. 2019 | p. 179-199 179 VIGILANTE GROUPS AND POLICING IN A DEMOCRATIZING NIGERIA: NAVIGATING THE CONTEXT AND ISSUES Adeniyi S. Basiru1 Olusesan A. Osunkoya2 Introduction Before the advent of colonialism in Nigeria, the various indigenous communities, like elsewhere in Africa, had evolved various self-help institu- tions (vigilante groups in modern sense) for maintaining public order. But, with the emergence of the colonial state and all its coercive paraphernalia, these traditional institutions of public order management, that had for cen- turies served the people, were relegated to the background, as the modern police force, the precursor of the present day Nigerian Police, under the direction of the colonial authorities, became the primus inter pares, in the internal security architecture of the colony (Ahire, 1991, 18). With this deve- lopment, the communal/collectivist-oriented frameworks of policing that had for centuries been part of people’s social existence now constituted the informal models of policing rendering subsidiary roles. For decades, this was the arrangement for policing the vast Nigerian territory. Although, there were documented cases of police re-organizations, by the colonial authorities, in Lagos, in 1930 and 1954 (Akuul, 2011, 18), these, however, neither reversed the western-dominated order of policing nor re-organized the indigenous informal models of policing. Put differently, the indigenous police institutions, in differently parts of the country, continued to play subsidiary roles in public order management. Instructively, at inde- pendence, the colonial arrangement rather than being transformed to reflect 1 Department of Political Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Executive Orders: the Bureaucracy, Congress, and the Courts
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2017 Presidential Executive Orders: The Bureaucracy, Congress, and the Courts Michael Edward Thunberg Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Thunberg, Michael Edward, "Presidential Executive Orders: The Bureaucracy, Congress, and the Courts" (2017). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6808. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6808 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Presidential Executive Orders: The Bureaucracy, Congress, and the Courts Michael Edward Thunberg Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Jeff Worsham, Ph.D., Co-Chair John Kilwein, Ph.D., Co-Chair Matthew Jacobsmeier, Ph.D. Dave Hauser, Ph.D. Patrick Hickey, Ph.D. Warren Eller, Ph.D. Department of Political Science Morgantown, West Virginia 2017 Keywords: President, executive order, unilateral power, institutions, bureaucratic controls, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 5 (B) Executive
    Parliamentary Democracy in India UNIT 5 (B) EXECUTIVE INTRODUCTION A basic feature that characterizes the Parliamentary model is the presence of dual executives. The President of India is the constitutional head of the state whereas the Prime Minister (PM) and his/her Cabinet are the real executive. The PM and Council of Ministers are chosen from the majority party in the Parliament and are responsible to it for their policies and actions. They remain in office, as long as, they enjoy the confidence of the latter. At the head of the central executive is the President of India. Article 53 of the Constitution formally vests in the President the executive powers of the Union, which are exercised by him/her either directly or through officers subordinate to him/her, in accordance with the Constitution. In practice, he/she is aided and advised by the Cabinet which is headed by the PM. Therefore, the executive at the centre consists of the President, the PM, and Cabinet. In this Unit, we will discuss about political executive at the central level in detail. To begin with, is a discussion on President of India. PRESIDENT The President is a Constitutional head of the State in the sense that he/she represents the nation. All actions of the Government are carried out in his name but he is not the ultimate deciding, directing, or determining factor. Article 52 of the Indian Constitution states ‘there shall be a President of India,’ and, as per Article 53(1) in him/her shall be vested the executive powers of the Union, which are exercised by him/her either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution.’ In practice he/she is aided and advised by the Council of Ministers headed by the PM.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple International Judicial Forums: a Reflection of the Growing Strength of International Law Or Its Fragmentation?
    Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 25 Issue 4 2004 Multiple International Judicial Forums: A Reflection of the Growing Strength of International Law or its Fragmentation? Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao International Law Commission Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the International Law Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation Pemmaraju S. Rao, Multiple International Judicial Forums: A Reflection of the Growing Strength of International Law or its Fragmentation?, 25 MICH. J. INT'L L. 929 (2004). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol25/iss4/9 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MULTIPLE INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL FORUMS: A REFLECTION OF THE GROWING STRENGTH OF INTERNATIONAL LAW OR ITS FRAGMENTATION? Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao* I. THE PROBLEM OF FRAGMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW .............................................................. 929 II. THE EXPANDING CHARACTER OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: EMERGENCE OF AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL COMMUNITY ...... 939 III. FUNCTIONAL NEED FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS FOR A NEW AGE ......................... 944 IV. THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA... 946 V. THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ........................................ 950 VI. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS ................................... 955 VII. MULTIPLICITY OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS: A SIGN OF MATURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM .......... 958 VIII. DIVERSITY OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS: A REFLECTION OF THE GROWING STRENGTH OF THE UNITY AND INTEGRITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
    18.12.2000EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 364/1 CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2000/C 364/01) 18.12.2000EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 364/3 PROCLAMACIÓN SOLEMNE HØJTIDELIG PROKLAMATION FEIERLICHE PROKLAMATION —`˝˙ˆÕÑÉ˚˙ ˜É`˚˙ÑÕ˛˙ SOLEMN PROCLAMATION PROCLAMATION SOLENNELLE FORÓGRA SOLLÚNTA PROCLAMAZIONE SOLENNE PLECHTIGE AFKONDIGING PROCLAMA˙ˆO SOLENE JUHLALLINEN JULISTUS HÖGTIDLIG PROKLAMATION 18.12.2000EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 364/5 El Parlamento Europeo, el Consejo y la Comisión proclaman solemnemente en tanto que Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea el texto que figura a continuación. Europa-Parlamentet, Rådet og Kommissionen proklamerer hłjtideligt den tekst, der fłlger nedenfor, som Den Europæiske Unions charter om grundlæggende rettigheder. Das Europäische Parlament, der Rat und die Kommission proklamieren feierlich den nachstehenden Text als Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union. Ôï ¯ıæøðÆœŒü ˚ïØíïâïýºØï, ôï ÓıìâïýºØï ŒÆØ ç ¯ðØôæïðÞ äØÆŒçæýóóïıí ðÆíçªıæØŒÜ, øò ×Üæôç ¨åìåºØøäþí ˜ØŒÆØøìÜôøí ôçò ¯ıæøðÆœŒÞò ‚íøóçò, ôï Œåßìåíï ðïı ÆŒïºïıŁåß. The European Parliament, the Council and the Commission solemnly proclaim the text below as the Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union. Le Parlement europØen, le Conseil et la Commission proclament solennellement en tant que Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union europØenne le texte repris ci-aprŁs. Forógraíonn Parlaimint na hEorpa, an Chomhairle agus an Coimisiœn go sollœnta an tØacs thíos mar an Chairt um Chearta Bunœsacha den Aontas Eorpach. Il Parlamento europeo, il Consiglio e la Commissione proclamano solennemente quale Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea il testo riportato in appresso. Het Europees Parlement, de Raad en de Commissie kondigen plechtig als Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie de hierna opgenomen tekst af.
    [Show full text]
  • Accession No. 1986/428
    -1- Liberal Party of Canada MG 28 IV 3 Finding Aid No. 655 ACCESSION NO. 1986/428 Box No. File Description Dates Research Bureau 1567 Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - British Columbia, Vol. I July 1981 Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - Saskatchewan, Vol. I and Sept. 1981 II Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - Alberta, Vol. II May 20, 1981 1568 Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - Manitoba, Vols. II and III 1981 Liberal caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - British Columbia, Vol. IV 1981 Elections & Executive Minutes 1569 Minutes of LPC National Executive Meetings Apr. 29, 1979 to Apr. 13, 1980 Poll by poll results of October 1978 By-Elections Candidates' Lists, General Elections May 22, 1979 and Feb. 18, 1980 Minutes of LPC National Executive Meetings June-Dec. 1981 1984 General Election: Positions on issues plus questions and answers (statements by John N. Turner, Leader). 1570 Women's Issues - 1979 General Election 1979 Nova Scotia Constituency Manual Mar. 1984 Analysis of Election Contribution - PEI & Quebec 1980 Liberal Government Anti-Inflation Controls and Post-Controls Anti-Inflation Program 2 LIBERAL PARTY OF CANADA MG 28, IV 3 Box No. File Description Dates Correspondence from Senator Al Graham, President of LPC to key Liberals 1978 - May 1979 LPC National Office Meetings Jan. 1976 to April 1977 1571 Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador St. John's West (Nfld) Riding Profiles St. John's East (Nfld) Riding Profiles Burin St. George's (Nfld) Riding Profiles Humber Port-au-Port-St.
    [Show full text]