Rug" by Being Fixed to the Floor Surface and Extending Wall to Wall
Background Carpet is a textile floor covering that is distinguished from the more general t erm "rug" by being fixed to the floor surface and extending wall to wall. The ea rliest peoples covered the floors of their dwellings with animal skins, grass, o r, later, woven reed mats. When people learned how to spin cotton and wool, wove n mats of these materials largely replaced earlier coverings. Around 3000 B.C. E gyptians sewed brightly colored pieces of woolen cloth onto linen and placed it on their floors. The first carpets of note were woven by nomads. The thick carpets were easy to t ransport and were placed over the sand floor of tent dwellings. Early looms were similarly easy to transport. Two forked branches were joined by a crosspiece ho lding the suspended warp, and a wooden bar was used to flatten binding weft thre ads, while the loose warp ends formed the carpet's pile. The Pazyryk carpet has been documented as the earliest hand loom carpet, dating back from 500 B.C. and discovered in a tomb located in the Alti Mountains in Central Asia. From these early beginnings, carpet weaving rose to its highest art form in Turk ey, Iran, India, and China. Using cotton, linen, or hemp as the foundation, and wool or silk as the luxurious pile, weavers would make a knot out of the pile th read, then form a row of knots that was tightly beaten down. The process was tim e-consuming: some of the finest handmade carpets have as many as 2,400 knots per square inch (372 knots per sq cm).
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