Memorandum on the Proposed Protocol Amending the Agreement
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Turkmen of Iraq
Turkmen of Iraq By Mofak Salman Kerkuklu 1 Mofak Salman Kerkuklu Turkmen of Iraq Dublin –Ireland- 2007 2 The Author Mofak Salman Kerkuklu graduated in England with a BSc Honours in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Oxford Brookes University and completed MSc’s in both Medical Electronic and Physics at London University and a MSc in Computing Science and Information Technology at South Bank University. He is also a qualified Charter Engineer from the Institution of Engineers of Ireland. Mr. Mofak Salman is an author of a book “ Brief History of Iraqi Turkmen”. He is the Turkmeneli Party representative for both Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. He has written a large number of articles that were published in various newspapers. 3 Purpose and Scope This book was written with two clear objectives. Firstly, to make an assessment of the current position of Turkmen in Iraq, and secondly, to draw the world’s attention to the situation of the Turkmen. This book would not have been written without the support of Turkmen all over the world. I wish to reveal to the world the political situation and suffering of the Iraqi Turkmen under the Iraqi regime, and to expose Iraqi Kurdish bandits and reveal their premeditated plan to change the demography of the Turkmen-populated area. I would like to dedicate this book to every Turkmen who has been detained in Iraqi prisons; to Turkmen who died under torture in Iraqi prisons; to all Turkmen whose sons and daughters were executed by the Iraqi regime; to all Turkmen who fought and died without seeing a free Turkmen homeland; and to the Turkmen City of Kerkuk, which is a bastion of cultural and political life for the Turkmen resisting the Kurdish occupation. -
Iraq's 2014 National Elections
APRIL 2014 AHMED ALI MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 20 IRAQ’S 2014 NATIONAL ELECTIONS Cover: A traffic police officer directs vehicles near election campaign posters in Baghdad April 3, 2014. Iraq’s parliamentary election is scheduled for later this month. REUTERS/Ahmed Saad Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ©2014 by the Institute for the Study of War. Published in 2014 in the United States of America by the Institute for the Study of War. 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 515 | Washington, DC 20036 www.understandingwar.org AHMED ALI MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 20 IRAQ’S 2014 NATIONAL ELECTIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MiddLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 20 | IRAq’s 2014 NaTIONAL ELECTIONS | AHMED ALI | APRIL 2014 Iraq’s 2014 national elections are taking place at a difficult time. The country is at a crossroads, presented with the possibility of widely different futures. Deteriorating security conditions frame political thought in ways that harken back to Iraq’s first national elections in 2005. The Iraqi state does not hold control of territory in some of Iraq’s key political provinces, such as Anbar, Ninewa, and Diyala. The disenfranchisement of Iraq’s Arab Sunnis; the rising threat of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS); and the activation of Ba‘athist groups collectively discourage electoral participation. Shi‘a militias that threatened Iraq’s security in 2004 have reactivated in 2014. -
Iraq's Evolving Insurgency
CSIS _______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775 -3270 Access: Web: CSIS.ORG Contact the Author: [email protected] Iraq’s Evolving Insurgency Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies With the Assistance of Patrick Baetjer Working Draft: Updated as of August 5, 2005 Please not e that this is part of a rough working draft of a CSIS book that will be published by Praeger in the fall of 2005. It is being circulated to solicit comments and additional data, and will be steadily revised and updated over time. Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. All further dissemination and reproduction must be done with the written permission of the CSIS Cordesman: Iraq’s Evolving Insurgency 8/5/05 Page ii I. INTR ODUCTION ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1 SADDAM HUSSEIN ’S “P OWDER KEG ” ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 1 AMERICA ’S STRATEGIC MISTAKES ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 2 AMERICA ’S STRATEGIC MISTAKES ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 6 II. THE GROWTH AND C HARACTER OF THE INSURGENT THREA T ................................ ........ 9 DENIAL AS A METHOD OF COUNTER -INSURGENCY WARFARE ............................... -
UNHCR's ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES for ASSESSING THE
UNHCR’s ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS This report has been produced by UNHCR on the basis of information obtained from a variety of publicly available sources, analyses and comments, as well as from information received by UNHCR staff or staff of implementing partners in Iraq. The report is primarily intended for those involved in the asylum determination process, and concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum claims lodged in various jurisdictions. The information contained does not purport to be either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed nor conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The inclusion of third party information or views in this report does not constitute an endorsement by UNHCR of this information or views. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Geneva August 2007 1 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................9 A. Current Situation in Iraq....................................................................................... 9 B. Summary of Main Groups Perpetrating Violence and Groups at Risk ............ 9 1. Main Groups Practicing Violence............................................................................... 9 2. Main Groups at Risk ................................................................................................ -
London School of Economics and Political Science FROM
London School of Economics and Political Science FROM REBELLION TO DE FACTO STATEHOOD: INTERNATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL SOURCES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE KURDISH NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT IN IRAQ INTO THE KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT Yaniv Voller A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, June 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 93,566 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Mrs Jennifer Abel. Abstract In 1991, following its defeat in the first Gulf War and out of fear of a humanitarian catastrophe, the Iraqi army and state-apparatus were forced to withdraw from the three Kurdish-population governorates in Northern Iraq. This left an administrative vacuum that was filled by the leadership of the Kurdish fragmented guerrilla movement – now a de facto Kurdish state in Northern Iraq, known as the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). -
Turkish Foreign Policy Towards the Kurdistan Regional Government (2003-2013) a Globalist Analysis
This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights and duplication or sale of all or part is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for research, private study, criticism/review or educational purposes. Electronic or print copies are for your own personal, non- commercial use and shall not be passed to any other individual. No quotation may be published without proper acknowledgement. For any other use, or to quote extensively from the work, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder/s. TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT (2003-2013) A GLOBALIST ANALYSIS by Mustafa Demir A Thesis Submitted in accordence with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Relations July 2015 2 3 ABSTRACT Despite the shadows cast by their history, Turkey has developed relations with the Kurdish government to the level of a strategic partnership within the last decade, following the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This thesis contextualizes this unexpected rapprochement from a globalist perspective. To do so, the research first identifies and analyses important developments taking place during 2003- 2013, then it seeks the motives that led to the emergence of this strategic partnership between these two regional actors, first at regional, then at global level. In conclusion, it argues that it was mainly the power shift in global political system that led Turkey to abandon its traditional policy towards the Kurdish Region of Iraq. 4 Table of -
GWOT Reconstruction Report Here! (Photo by Linda Bartlett, Center for Disease Control) the Page 2 GWOT Reconstruction Report July 2, 2007
Vol. 1 Issue 2 July 2, 2007 The GWOTGWOT ReconstructionReconstruction ReportReport Supporting the Global War On Terror Through Construction & Sustainment Iraq: Construction Continues at PROJECT UPDATE: Gulf Region Division Children’s Hospital Project Totals…As of June 23, 2,942 Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund projects have been completed out of the 3,393 planned. Under the Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP), there have been 6,363 projects completed out of the 7,534 planned. CERP is designed to enable local commanders in Iraq and Afghanistan to respond to urgent humanitarian relief and reconstruction requirements within their areas of responsibility by carrying out programs that will immediately assist the local population. About GRD: Erbil Water Treatment…The Erbil - Ifraz Water Treatment Project is now operating The Gulf Region Division was activated on Jan. 25, at current full capacity of 6,000 m3/hour. 2004. It operates with three On June 3, permanent city power was district offices located completed and energized allowing the plant throughout Iraq and a to operate at full capacity. division headquarters office in Baghdad. The Road Project Completed…A Iraqi GRD provides quality, The courtyard area of the Basrah Children’s Hospital is currently company completed the Suq Al-Shoyokh under construction. When the Basrah Children's Hospital is responsive, full spectrum Road Maintenance project ($875,000) in engineering in Iraq in complete, it will provide a state-of-the-art training program for Thi Qar Province on June 12. A majority of Iraq's medical students and doctors. It also will provide urgent support of military and care to the country's most critically ill children. -
Geopolitics of Kirkuk and It's Impact on the Future of Iraq
Hacettepe University Graduate School Of Social Sciences Department of International Relations Geopolitics of Kirkuk and it’s Impact on the Future of Iraq Weldan ABDULWAHAB Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2017 Geopolitics of Kirkuk and it’s Impact on the Future of Iraq Weldan ABDULWAHAB Hacettepe University Graduate School Of Social Sciences Department of International Relations Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2017 v Dedicated to my beloved family vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude, thanks and praise to God for surrounding me with valuable, precious and appreciative people who supported me throughout my thesis. This academic achievement would have not come into reality without the contributions and support of Assist. Prof. Dr. Özlen ÇELEBİ who has been my academic mentor for a decade. Her input and comments were always beneficial and to the point. Her input always helped me solve the technical difficulties, in research, in a simple way. I deeply appreciate her immense patience, kindness and continuous encouragement. As well as, the dissertation committee members: Prof. Dr. Haydar ÇAKMAK, and Assist. Prof. Dr. Emel Gülden OKTAY, for their valuable technical input and comments. I would also like to thank my friends for their wonderful brotherhood and continuous support and inspiration throughout my master studies. I will seal this set of acknowledgments by a nice adorable flower as I want to express my special thanks to my beloved parents, my sister and brother as well as my beloved fiancé for their prayers, sincere wishes, love, encouragement and the values they instilled in me. vii ABSTRACT Abdulwahab, Weldan. Geopolitics of Kirkuk and it’s Impact on the Future of Iraq, Master’s Thesis, Ankara, 2017. -
Iraq's Evolving Insurgency
CSIS _______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775 -3270 Access: Web: CSIS.ORG Contact the Author: [email protected] Iraq’s Evolving Insurgency Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies With the Assistance of Patrick Baetjer Working Draft: Updated as of June 23, 2005 Please note that this is part of a rough working draft of a CSIS book that will be published by Praeger in the fall of 2005. It is being circulated to solicit comments and additional data, and will be steadily revised and updated over time. Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. All further dissemination and reproduction must be done with the written permission of the CSIS Cordesman: Iraq’s Evolving I nsurgency 6/23 /05 Page ii I. INTRO DUCTION ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1 SADDAM HUSSEIN ’S “P OWDER KEG ” ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 1 AMERICA ’S STRATEGIC MISTAKES ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 2 AMERICA ’S STRATEGIC MISTAKES ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 6 II. THE GROWTH AND C HARACTER OF THE INSURGENT THREAT ................................ ...... 10 DENIAL AS A METHOD OF COUNTER -INSURGENCY WARFARE ............................... -
The Halabja Genocide Table of Contents
THE HALABJA GENOCIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: Pre‐Attack Prologue Section Summary Item 1 ………………………………… Memo: Authorization to Stockpile and Utilize Chemical Weapons Item 2 …………………………………………………. Memo: Instructions to Avoid Using Chemical Weapons Item 3 ……………………………………. Memo: Circulation of Rumors About a Halabja Chemical Attack SECTION 2: The Attack Prologue Section Summary Item 4 ……………………………………………………………… Memo: Instructions on How to Attack Halabja Item 5 ………………………………………………………………………….... Memo: Results of the Halabja Battle Item 6 ……………………………………………………………………………. Memo: Instructions for the 1st Corps Item 7 ……………............................................... Memo: Instructions for the 1st Corps (Complete) Item 8 ………………………………………………………… Memo: Instructions to Use "Special Ammunition" Item 9 …………………………… Telegram: Informant Intelligence on Enemy Intentions and Casualties Item 10 ………………………………… Memo: Troop Morale and Halabja Battle Successes and Failures Item 11 ……………………………………………. Memo: Approval Received to Use "Special Ammunition" Item 12 ……………………………………………. Memo: Approval Received to Use "Special Ammunition" Item 13 …………………………………………….. Memo: Approval Received to Use "Special Ammunition" Item 14 ………………………………………………….. Memo: Suggested Targets for "Special Ammunition" Item 15 ……………………………………………. Memo: Suggested Targets for Conventional Ammunition Item 16 ……………………………………………………… Memo: Informant Intelligence on Enemy Positions THE HALABJA GENOCIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 3: Post‐ Attack Prologue Section Summary Item 17 ………………………………………………….... Memo: -
Iraqi Constitution
Iraqi Constitution Article 125: This Constitution shall guarantee the administrative, political, cultural, and educational rights of the various nationalities, such as Turkomen, Chaldeans, Assyrians, and all other constituents, and this shall be regulated by law. -------- o 0 o -------- Article 140: First: The executive authority shall undertake the necessary steps to complete the implementation of the requirements of all subparagraphs of Article 58 of the Transitional Administrative Law. Second: The responsibility placed upon the executive branch of the Iraqi Transitional Government stipulated in Article 58 of the Transitional Administrative Law shall extend and continue to the executive authority elected in accordance with this Constitution, provided that it accomplishes completely (normalization and census and concludes with a referendum in Kirkuk and other Constitutional disputed territories to determine the will of their citizens), by a date not to exceed the 31st of December 2007. -------- o 0 o -------- Articles 1 Article 58 of the Transitional Administrative Law for Iraq states: (A) The Iraqi Transitional Government, and especially the Iraqi Property Claims Commission and other relevant bodies, shall act expeditiously to take measures to remedy the injustice caused by the previous regime’s practices in altering the demographic character of certain regions, including Kerkuk, by deporting and expelling individuals from their places of residence, forcing migration in and out of the region, settling individuals alien to the region, depriving the inhabitants of work, and correcting nationality. To remedy this injustice, the Iraqi Transitional Government shall take the following steps: (1) With regard to residents who were deported, expelled, or who emigrated; it shall, in accordance with the statute of the Iraqi Property Claims Commission and other measures within the law, within a reasonable period of time, restore the residents to their homes and property, or, where this is unfeasible, shall provide just compensation. -
Ctc Sentinel 092020
OBJECTIVE ·· RELEVANT ·· RIGOROUS || JUNE/JULYSEPTEMBER 2018 2020 · VOLUME· VOLUME 11, 13, ISSUE ISSUE 6 9 FEATURE ARTICLE A VIEWFEATURE FROM COMMENTARYTHE CT FOXHOLE The Jihadi Threat The Future The al-Mawla Files LTC(R)Role ofBryan the U.S. Price Danielto Milton Indonesia and Muhammad al-`Ubaydi Armed Forces in With further insights from Cole Bunzel, Counterterrorism Former Director, Haroro ingram,Kirsten Gina Ligon, E. Schulze and Craig Whiteside CombatingBrian Michael Terrorism Jenkins Center FEATURE ARTICLE Editor in Chief 1 Stepping Out from the Shadows: The Interrogation of the Islamic State's Future Caliph Paul Cruickshank Daniel Milton and Muhammad al-`Ubaydi Managing Editor Kristina Hummel DISCUSSION 14 The al-Mawla TIRs: An Analytical Discussion with Cole Bunzel, EDITORIAL BOARD Haroro Ingram, Gina Ligon, and Craig Whiteside Colonel Suzanne Nielsen, Ph.D. Daniel Milton Department Head Dept. of Social Sciences (West Point) FEATURE COMMENTARY Brian Dodwell 24 The Future Role of the U.S. Armed Forces in Counterterrorism Director, CTC Brian Michael Jenkins Don Rassler ANALYSIS Director of Strategic Initiatives, CTC 40 The Crisis Within Jihadism: The Islamic State's Puritanism vs. al-Qa`ida's Populism CONTACT Mohammed Hafez Combating Terrorism Center U.S. Military Academy In the September issue, it is revealed for the first time that the Islamic 607 Cullum Road, Lincoln Hall State’s new leader, publicly identified by the U.S. government as Amir Mu- West Point, NY 10996 hammad Sa’id ‘Abd-al-Rahman al-Mawla, was detained by U.S. forces in Iraq in 2008 and interrogated. The Combating Terrorism Center has made available on its website Phone: (845) 938-8495 three of his declassified interrogation reports, and these are analyzed in a feature article by Daniel Email: [email protected] Milton and Muhammad al-`Ubaydi, who caution that claims made by al-Mawla while in custody are Web: www.ctc.usma.edu/sentinel/ very difficult to verify.