5.9 1917 Scenario
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Tom Gilmour HIST480 Dissertation.Pdf
University of Canterbury Propaganda in Prose A Comparative Analysis of Language in British Blue Book Reports on Atrocities and Genocide in Early Twentieth-Century Britain This dissertation is submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. Honours in History at the University of Canterbury. This dissertation is the result of my own work. Material from the published or unpublished work of other historians used in the dissertation is credited to the author in the footnote references. The dissertation is approximately 9964 words in length. Thomas Gilmour Supervisor: Dr. David Monger Category One HIST480 2016 1 Abstract This paper examines three British Blue Book reports published in early twentieth-century Britain during the war period. The first report examines the invasion of Belgium by the German army and their maltreatment of Belgian people. The second report discusses the Committee of Union and Progress’ acts of cruelty against Armenian Christians. Both of these reports were authored, compiled and then distributed by the British Government in Britain and other Western countries. The third report discusses German colonial rule in South-West Africa and their abuse of ‘native’ Herero. This report was compiled and authored in South- West Africa, but published for a British audience. This dissertation engages in a comparative analysis of these three Blue Book reports. It examines how they are structurally different, but thematically and qualitatively similar. Investigation begins with discussion of the reports’ authors and how they validate claims made in the respective prefaces. Subsequently, there is examination of thematic similarities between each report’s historical narratives. -
Contrasting Portrayals of Women in WW1 British Propaganda
University of Hawai‘i at Hilo HOHONU 2015 Vol. 13 of history, propaganda has been aimed at patriarchal Victims or Vital: Contrasting societies and thus, has primarily targeted men. This Portrayals of Women in WWI remained true throughout WWI, where propaganda came into its own as a form of public information and British Propaganda manipulation. However, women were always part of Stacey Reed those societies, and were an increasingly active part History 385 of the conversations about the war. They began to be Fall 2014 targeted by propagandists as well. In war, propaganda served a variety of More than any other war before it, World War I purposes: recruitment of soldiers, encouraging social invaded the every day life of citizens at home. It was the responsibility, advertising government agendas and first large-scale war that employed popular mass media programs, vilifying the enemy and arousing patriotism.5 in the transmission and distribution of information from Various governments throughout WWI found that the the front lines to the Home Front. It was also the first image of someone pointing out of a poster was a very to merit an organized propaganda effort targeted at the effective recruiting tool for soldiers. Posters presented general public by the government.1 The vast majority of British men with both the glory of war and the shame this propaganda was directed at an assumed masculine of shirkers. Women were often placed in the role of audience, but the female population engaged with the encouraging their men to go to war. Many propaganda messages as well. -
Chapter Three
Bridging the Gap between 'War' and 'Peace': The Case of Belgian Refugees in Britain Item Type Book chapter Authors Ewence, Hannah Citation Ewence, H. (2017). Bridging the Gap between 'War' and 'Peace': The Case of Belgian Refugees in Britain. In H. Ewence & T. Grady (Eds.), Minorities and the First World War: From War to Peace. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. Publisher Palgrave Macmillan Download date 29/09/2021 08:39:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620569 Chapter Three Bridging the Gap between ‘War’ and ‘Peace’: The Case of Belgian Refugees in Britain Hannah Ewence August 2014 marked the beginning of a four-year long period of international commemorative activities to honour the centenary of the First World War. The magnified significance awarded to the conflict has brought with it a vigorous national appetite in Britain to locate examples of sacrifice, heroism, and the force of the human spirit. The experience of refugees from Belgium, given shelter in Britain from the earliest days of the conflict, has provided just such a ready-made narrative for a ‘useable past’ which has allowed British politicians to claim moral cache for the historical treatment of immigrants.1 Similarly, within the retelling of that history, the British public have been encouraged to accept the hugely simplistic and yet comforting narrative of their nation as a bulwark of long-entrenched liberal values.2 In reality, whilst the estimated 250,000 so-called ‘Belgian refugees’ who found their way to Britain, largely between August 1914 and the end of 1915 (for exiles from other beleaguered continental nations who had arrived via Belgium also found themselves inaccurately characterised thus), were the recipients of an unprecedented outpouring of localised philanthropy, labour initiatives and an (initially) warm welcome, their treatment fell far from the model of amiable relations often claimed. -
Overview Paths of Glory Is a Corps/Army Game Covering All of WWI in Europe and the Near East from August 1914
n June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Habsburg crowns of Austria and Hungary, was assassinated by Serb nationalists in Sarajevo, then the capitol of Austrian controlled Bosnia-Herzogovina. The murder of Franz Ferdinand provided an excuse for the Austrian Army's chief of staff, Conrad von Hotzendorff, to "settle accounts" with the upstart Serbs, and on July 23 Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum with a 48 hour time limit. The Serbs appealed to their traditional protector, Russia, for help. When Russia mobilized, Germany, Austria's ally, declared war on Russia on August 1. Having no plans for a war against Russia alone, Germany soon declared war on Russia's ally, France, and demanded the neutral Belgian government allow German troops passage through Belgium in order to execute the infamous Schlieffen Plan. This demand was refused, and the invasion of Belgium brought Britain into the war against Germany on August 4. In little more than a month the murder at Sarejevo had led to the First World War. Over four years later the war ended on November 11, 1918. The three great dynasties that had begun the war, Habsburg, Romanov, and Hohenzollern, had been destroyed. Lenin was waging a civil war for control of Russia, while Austria-Hungary had dissolved into its various ethnic components. The victors, France and Britain, were in scarcely better shape than the vanquished. The United States of America, which entered the war in April 1917, was disillusioned by the peace that followed and withdrew into isolationism. The Second World War was the result of the First. -
'Something Is Wrong with Our Army…' Command, Leadership & Italian
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies ‘Something is wrong with our army…’ Command, Leadership & Italian Military Failure in the First Libyan Campaign, 1940-41. Dr. Craig Stockings There is no question that the First Libyan Campaign of 1940-41 was an Italian military disaster of the highest order. Within hours of Mussolini’s declaration of war British troops began launching a series of very successful raids by air, sea and land in the North African theatre. Despite such early setbacks a long-anticipated Italian invasion of Egypt began on 13 September 1940. After three days of ponderous and costly advance, elements of the Italian 10th Army halted 95 kilometres into Egyptian territory and dug into a series of fortified camps southwest of the small coastal village of Sidi Barrani. From 9-11 December, these camps were attacked by Western Desert Force (WDF) in the opening stages of Operation Compass – the British counter-offensive against the Italian invasion. Italian troops not killed or captured in the rout that followed began a desperate and disjointed withdrawal back over the Libyan border, with the British in pursuit. The next significant engagement of the campaign was at the port-village Bardia, 30 kilometres inside Libya, in the first week of 1941. There the Australian 6 Division, having recently replaced 4 Indian Division as the infantry component of WDF (now renamed 13 Corps), broke the Italian fortress and its 40,000 defenders with few casualties. The feat was repeated at the port of Tobruk, deeper into Libya, when another 27,000 Italian prisoners were taken. -
National Narratives of the First World War
NATIONAL NARRATIVES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR AUTHOR(S) Aleksandra Pawliczek COLLABORATOR(S) THEMES World War I PERIOD 1914-2014 Veteran’s of Australia http://www.anzacportal.dva.gov.au/ CENDARI is funded by the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme for Research 3 CONTENTS 6 NATIONAL NARRATIVES OF 35 THE RAPE OF BELGIUM THE FIRST WORLD WAR – MEMORY AND COMMEMORATION 38 HUNGARY’S LOST TERRITORIES Abstract Introduction 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY 8 THE “GREAT WAR” IN THE UK 12 “LA GRANDE GUERRE” IN FRANCE 16 GERMANY AND WAR GUILT 19 AUSTRIA AND THE END OF THE EMPIRE 21 ANZAC DAY IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA 25 POLAND AND THE WARS AFTER THE WAR 27 REVOLUTIONS AND CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA 29 SERBIA’S “RED HARVEST” 31 THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 33 UKRAINE’S FIRST ATTEMPT OF INDEPENDENCE 34 OCCUPATION OF BELARUS 4 5 National Narratives of the First World War – Memory and Commemoration CENDARI Archival Research Guide NATIONAL NARRATIVES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR – MEMORY Here is not the place to reflect on the ambivalences of public and private memories in AND COMMEMORATION depth (but see also the ARG on Private Memories). It is rather the place to address the strongest current trends and their alteration over time, pointing at the still prevalent nar- ratives in their national contexts, which show huge differences across (European) borders Abstract and manifest themselves in the policy of cultural agents and stakeholders. According to the official memories of the First World War, cultural heritage institutions have varying How is the First World War remembered in different regions and countries? Is there a roles around the Centenary, exposing many different sources and resources on the war “European memory”, a “mémoire partagée”, or do nations and other collective groups and thus also the perceptions of the war in individual countries. -
Russian Army, 4 June 1916
Russian Army 4 June 1916 Northwest Front: Finland Garrison: XLII Corps: 106th Infantry Division 421st Tsarskoe Selo Infantry Regiment 422nd Kolpino Infantry Regiment 423rd Luga Infantry Regiment 424th Chut Infantry Regiment 107th Infantry Division 425th Kargopol Infantry Regiment 426th Posinets Infantry Regiment 427th Pudozh Infantry Regiment 428th Lodeyinpol Infantry Regiment Sveaborg Border Brigade 1st Sveaborg Border Regiment 2nd Sveaborg Border Regiment Estonia Coast Defense: 108th Infantry Division 429th Riizhsk Infantry Regiment 430th Balksy Infantry Regiment 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment 432nd Baldaia Infantry Regiment Revel Border Brigade 1st Revel Border Regiments 2nd Revel Border Regiments Livonia Coast Defense: I Corps 22nd Novgorod Infantry Division 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment 86th Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment 87th Neschlot Infantry Regiment 88th Petrov Infantry Regiment 24th Pskov Infantry Division 93rd Irkhtsk Infantry Regiment 94th Yenisei Infantry Regiment 95th Krasnoyarsk Infantry Regiment 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment III Corps 73rd Orel Infantry Division 289th Korotoyav Infantry Regiment 290th Valuiisk Infantry Regiment 291st Trubchev Infantry Regiment 292nd New Archangel Infantry Regiment 5th Rifle Division (Suwalki) 17th Rifle Regiment 18th Rifle Regiment 19th Rifle Regiment 20th Rifle Regiment V Siberian Corps 1 50th St. Petersburg Infantry Division 197th Lesnot Infantry Regiment 198th Alexander Nevsky Infantry Regiment 199th Kronstadt Infantry Regiment 200th Kronshlot Infantry Regiment 6th (Khabarovsk) Siberian -
Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle Dr. Jacob W. Kipp Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. 1989 The issues surrounding the German attack upon the Soviet Union in June 1941 continue to attract the attention of historians and military analysts. The nature of the Soviet response to that attack has, as recent articles in Air University Review suggest, set off heated polemics. The appearance of Bryan Fugate's Operation Barbarossa with its assertion that the Soviet High Command did, indeed, have a "realistic plan or operative concept for coping with the situation" marked a major departure from conventional Western scholarly interpretation of the events leading up to the invasion.1 The response by Williamson t1urray and Barry G. Watts that Fugate was "inventing history" to find an unsuspected Soviet military genius where there was none confirms the controversial nature of the issue.2 These authors underscore the impact of surprise and tend to treat it as systemic and general. The Soviet Union, they argue, did not expect the blow and was unprepared for it. Soviet military doctrine and field regulations spoke of the offensive, while neglecting the defense.3 In assessing Soviet perception of the German threat, the authors are at odds not -
High Treason: Essays on the History of the Red Army 1918-1938, Volume II
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE : HIG H TREASON: ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF TH E RED ARMY 1918-193 8 VOLUME I I AUTHOR . VITALY RAPOPOR T YURI ALEXEE V CONTRACTOR : CENTER FOR PLANNING AND RESEARCH, .INC . R . K . LAURINO, PROJECT DIRECTO R PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : VLADIMIR TREML, CHIEF EDITO R BRUCE ADAMS, TRANSLATOR - EDITO R COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 626- 3 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or i n part from funds provided by the National Council for Sovie t and East European Research . HIGH TREASO N Essays in the History of the Red Army 1918-1938 Volume I I Authors : Vitaly N . Rapopor t an d Yuri Alexeev (pseudonym ) Chief Editor : Vladimir Trem l Translator and Co-Editor : Bruce Adam s June 11, 198 4 Integrative Analysis Project o f The Center for Planning and Research, Inc . Work on this Project supported by : Tte Defense Intelligence Agency (Contract DNA001-80-C-0333 ) an d The National Council for Soviet and East European Studies (Contract 626-3) PART FOU R CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE RKK A Up to now we have spoken of Caligula as a princeps . It remains to discuss him as a monster . Suetoniu s There is a commandment to forgive our enemies , but there is no commandment to forgive our friends . L . Medic i Some comrades think that repression is the main thing in th e advance of socialism, and if repression does not Increase , there is no advance . Is that so? Of course it is not so . -
German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2018 German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941 David Sutton University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Sutton, David, German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, University of Wollongong, 2018. -
“The Germans Had Set the Goal to Destroy Everyone”
“the Germans had set the goal to destroy everyone” Ozarichi in German-occupied Belarus through the eyes of survivors University of Amsterdam Master thesis in History, German Studies Anne-Lise Bobeldijk [email protected] March 2016 Supervisor: dr. K.C. Berkhoff Second reader: dr. M.J. Föllmer Contents Introduction 3 1. Towards an oral history of the Ozarichi camps 9 2. The round-ups 20 2.1 The cities of Bobruisk and Zhlobin 20 2.2 Villages and hamlets 24 3. Transport to the camps as virtual death marches 28 3.1 Deportation methods 28 3.2 Arbitrariness, torment and violence 33 4. The transit camps 39 4.1 The numerous transit camps 39 4.2 Treatment in the camps and social interaction 45 5. The Ozarichi camps 51 5.1 Ozarichi, Dert and Semonovich 51 5.2 Liberation and aftermath 53 Conclusion 56 Bibliography 61 Appendix I 64 Appendix II 65 Appendix III 73 Acknowledgements 74 2 Introduction ‘The regime in the camps – a regime of hunger, cold, illness and the immense insults of the Soviet people – gave me the firm belief that the Germans had set the goal to destroy everyone; all children, elderly people, women, disabled people and inmates.’1 This quote from Vasilli Murashkin seems to refer to one of the well-known national socialist concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, Dachau or Majdanek. However, he refers to the Ozarichi camps in Belarus, near the villages Ozarichi, Dert and Semonovich. Murashkin was one of the approximately 40,000 people who ended up in these camps because they were seen as “useless eaters”.2 After the Battle of Stalingrad, Hitler ordered that nothing useful was to fall into the hands of the Soviets. -
Soviet Vehicle Guide Page 3
- ,.rF Workshop Contents The Soviet Army.......................................................................... 2 Order of Battle.............................................................................. 2 Strategic Reserve ..................................................................... 2 Western TVD ............................................................................ 2 Northwestern TVD ................................................................... 3 Southwestern TVD .................................................................. 3 Southern TVD ........................................................................... 3 Far Eastern TVD ....................................................................... 3 Pacific TVD ................................................................................ 4 Unit History and Current Status ............................................... 4 Tank Divisions ........................................................................... 4 Motorized Rifle Divisions ........................................................ 7 Airborne Units.........................................................................19 Color Plates ................................................................................21 Separate Regiments and Brigades .......................................29 Organization.................................................................................31 Authorized Levels of Weapons and Vehicles....................31 Motorized Rifle Battalion (BTR)............................................31