Background and Introduction
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Visualizing Civil Society through Mapping NGOs May 3rd, 2007 Prepared by: Mai-Lan Ha, Christy Helbing, Tomoko Inagaki, Rahul Lahoti of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University for The Institute for a New Reflection on Governance Table of Contents List of Abbreviations......................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................2 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Project Rationale .................................................................................................................4 1.2 Context of Research............................................................................................................5 1.3 Report Contents ..................................................................................................................7 1.4 Key Terms ...........................................................................................................................7 2. Background to Field Study......................................................................................................10 2.1 Development of Project Objectives and Deliverables .......................................................10 2.2 Methodology......................................................................................................................12 2.3 Initial Typology and Map ...................................................................................................15 2.4 Preliminary Questionnaire and Findings ...........................................................................16 3. Initiatives Exploring Civil Society ............................................................................................18 3.1 Survey of Relevant Global Projects...................................................................................18 3.2 Indian Projects to Catalogue NGOs ..................................................................................20 4. Field Findings and Analysis ....................................................................................................24 4.1 Networking ........................................................................................................................25 4.2 NGO Responses to Typology and Map.............................................................................30 4.3 Revising the Typology .......................................................................................................34 4.4 Additional Analysis—Stakeholder or Potential Users’ Interests ........................................35 5. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................38 6. Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................42 Appendices .................................................................................................................................43 Appendix 1: Bibliography.........................................................................................................44 Appendix 2: The Literature on NGO Taxonomy ......................................................................47 Appendix 3: Major NGO Listings and Guides..........................................................................50 Appendix 4: Preliminary Survey and Results ..........................................................................53 (1) Preliminary Survey Questionnaire..................................................................................53 (2) Preliminary Survey Results ............................................................................................61 Appendix 5: Transfer of Typology to Map ...............................................................................77 Appendix 6: Maps....................................................................................................................78 Appendix 7: List of Organizations............................................................................................82 Appendix 8: Itineraries.............................................................................................................88 Appendix 9: Field Visit Packet.................................................................................................89 (1) Introductory Letter (Field Visit Packet 1) ........................................................................89 (2) Presentation to NGOs in India (Field Visit Packet 2)......................................................91 (3) Typology Explanation (Field Visit Packet 3) ...................................................................96 Appendix 10: Revised Typology............................................................................................101 Appendix 11: Stakeholder Analysis.......................................................................................103 Appendix 12: Table of Recommendations for Stakeholders .................................................104 Appendix 13: Sample Tools from Existed Resources ...........................................................105 (1) Example for Researchers.............................................................................................105 (2) Example for Donors......................................................................................................107 Appendix 14: Dossiers ..........................................................................................................108 (1) “Global Connectedness: The Structure of Transnational NGO Networks”...................109 (2) Transnational Advocacy Networks ...............................................................................111 (3) INGOs and the Organization of World Culture .............................................................115 (4) NGO Landscape—Feast and Famine in State Aid to NGOs........................................118 (5) NGOs and Accountability: Measuring the “Magic Bullet” .............................................120 (5) The Relationship of NGOs and the State in India ........................................................123 (6) Some Aspect of State-NGO Relationships in India in the Post-Independence Era......125 List of Abbreviations ARTH Action, Research, Training for Health CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation CRY Child Rights and You CSR Corporate Social Responsibility IFI International Financial Institutions IMF International Monetary Fund IRG Institute for a New Reflection on Governance NGO Non Governmental Organizations PRIA Participatory Research in Asia SIPA School of International and Public Affairs UIA Union of International Associations UN United Nations VO Voluntary Organization WANGO World Association of Nongovernmental Organizations 1 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following people and institutions whose assistance and guidance made this project possible. Columbia University: School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) Faculty and Staff: Dr. Maxine Weisgrau, Dr. Jacqueline Klopp, Dr. Rebecca Dahele, Dr. Toni J Sethi, Dr. Ananya Vajpeyi Institute for a New Reflection on Governance: Michel Sauquet, Martin Vielajus Ford Foundation: Lisa Jordan NGOs in Mumbai: Indian NGOs.com: Mr Sanjay Bapat, Dignity Foundation: Dr. Sheilu Sreenivasan, Janvi Charitable Trust: Mr. Ashley Pereira, PUKAR: Dr. Anita Patil, CRY: Ms Melissa Walavalkar, Stree Mukti Sanghatana: Ms Jyoti Mhapsekar NGOs in Pune: Prayas: Mr. Girish Saant, Seva Vardhini: Mr. Pramod Kulkami, Door Step School: Ms Ranjit Gadgil, Ms Anjali Bapat, Vigyan Ashram: Mr. Yogesh Kulkami, Gangotri: Mr. Santosh Gondhalekar, MASUM: Mr. Ramesh Awasthi, Maitree: Ms Anil Shidore Maharastra Knowledge Foundation: Dr. Ram Tawale NGOs in New Delhi: The Planning Commision: Dr. Lalit Kumar, Udyogini: Dr. Vanita Viswanath, The National Trust: Dr. Poonam Natarajan, America India Foundation: Rita Soni, Sampradaan Indian Centre for Philanthropy: Dr. Sandeep Deshmukh, Population Foundation for India: A R Nanda, Grassroots India Trust: Hassrat Arjumend, Labor League Foundation: Arif Clinton, India Alliance for Child Rights: J.B. Oli NGOs in Udaipur: ARTH: Dr. Kirti Iyengar, Seva Mandir: Neelima Khetan, ASTHA Sanathan: Ginny Srivastava, Mahan Seva Sansthan: Mahua Banerjee, Alert Sansthan: Jilendra Mehta, Kalyani Samagra Vikas Parishad: N. S. Bhandari Other Organizations: WANGO, Question Pro Other Friends: Jessica Gillota, Prabal Chaterjee, Onkar Singh, Manish Kumar 2 Executive Summary The following report summarizes the research, findings and recommendations of a six-month project commissioned by the Institute for a New Reflection on Governance (IRG), in Paris, France for students at the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University in New York. The project’s purpose was to study NGO linkages in order to develop a framework for a longer-term IRG project—the creation of a mapping tool that visually represents these linkages. To fulfill this purpose, the team and IRG identified the following objectives: