DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of Rights of the Child of National Law University Odisha

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal of Rights of the Child of National Law University Odisha JOURNAL OF RIGHTS OF THE CHILD OF NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY ODISHA VOLUME II ISSUE I NOVEMBER 2017 Message from the Vice Chancellor Editorial Note ARTICLES Child Labour and Education in India: An Overview of Issues and Directions A Study On Child Labor In Ms. Sarojitha Arokiaraj Bangladesh: Causes and Consequences Mr. Md. Salehakram Children Caught In Confusion Mr. Saema Jamil India’s Ratification of ILO Core Conventions 138 & 182- A way Child Labour: Better Control and forward to Eliminate Child Labour More Efficiency Dr. A. Aruna Sri Lakshmi Mr. Saurabh Kumar Labour Laws: Review of Recent Child Labour – A Violation Amendment Banning Child Labour To A Child’s Right Mr. Jai Shankar Bajpai Ms. Dimple Garg Child Labour - A Curse For Humanity Accountability issues in Child Dr. Chandan Kumari Sahu Sponsorship programs: Ethics of Generosity Public Interest Litigation As A Mr. Akash Kumar Judicial Response To Child Labour In India: A Perspective BOOK REVIEW Dr. Nabamita Paul Ray Let’s call him Vasu : With the Child Labour: The Constitutional Maoists in Chhattisgarh Court Perspective and Interpretations by Shubhranshu Choudhary Ms. N.Bhagya Lakshmi Mr. Saji Mathew An Assessment of The Nigerian Legal Framework on Child Labor Within Existing Cultural Regimes Mr. Aderonke Adegbite National Law Univrsity Odisha, Cuttack (Established by Act 4 of 2008) JOURNAL OF RIGHTS OF THE CHILD OF NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY ODISHA Special issue on “Child Labour” Volume II Issue I November 2017 PATRON-IN-CHIEF Prof. (Dr) Srikrishna Deva Rao Vice Chancellor, NLUO PATRON Dr. Dolly Jabbal Registrar(I/c), NLUO EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MANAGING CUM EXECUTIVE EDITOR Mr. Ramakrishna Das P.R Prof. Sheela Rai Assistant Professor, NLUO Professor, NLUO SENIOR ARTICLE EDITOR Prof. B. Hydervali, Professor, NLUO Dr. Aruna Sri Lakshmi, Associate Professor, NLUO Dr. Kondaiah Jonnalagadda, Associate Professor, NLUO Mr. Laxminarayan Nanda. Child Protection Specialist, UNICEF SUBMISSION EDITOR Ms. Snigdha Singh, Teaching Cum Research Associate. NLUO Ms. Eluckiaa A, Research Associate,NLUO EDITORIAL ADVISOTY BOARD Ms. Swagata Raha Sr. Research Assistant-(Consultant) Centre for Child and the Law, NLSIU, Bangalore Ms. Enakshi Ganguly Founder Director, HAQ, Delhi PRODUCTION EDITOR Mr.S. Kanniyaram Senior Programme Coordinator Centre for Child Rights, NLUO Mr. Promod Kishore Acharya Senior Research Associate Centre for Child Rights, NLUO JOURNAL OF RIGHTS OF THE CHILD OF NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY ODISHA Journal of Rights of the Child of National Law University Odisha is a double peer reviewed journal published biannually by the Centre for Child Rights, NLUO Centre for Child Rights and National Law University Odisha assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by the contributors. Disclaimer: Copyright over all the articles published in the journal, including the cover and reader photographs and designs, are held by National Law University Odisha, Cuttack. Any Type of commercial use of any of the protected materials is strictly prohibited. The articles can be used for non-commercial academic purpose by citing proper reference of this journal. National Law University Odisha, Cuttack All enquiries regarding the journal should be addressed to: The Editor, Journal of Rights of the Child of National Law University Odisha National Law University Odisha Kathjodi Campus, Sector-13, CDA Cuttack- 753015, Odisha ( India) Published by: The Registrar, National Law University Odisha Kathjodi Campus, Sector-13, CDA Cuttack- 753015, Odisha ( India) Contact Number – 0671-2338018 Email: [email protected] Website – www.nluo.ac.in NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY ODISHA CENTRE FOR CHILD RIGHTS ABOUT THE CENTRE Centre for Child Rights (CCR) began its journey from 12th April 2015 with an aim to improve access to justice for children through various purposive activities targeted to ensure protection of the rights of the children in various areas like child labour, gender justice, children’s education, child trafficking etc. CCR has undertaken a number of programmes for the research and documentation on the juvenile justice system in Odisha, capacity building of different stakeholders of child protection structures, and for the introduction of clinical legal education on child rights and juvenile justice in the NLUO curriculum. NLU Odisha has entered into a partnership with United Nations’ Children Fund (UNCEF, Odisha) for a period of three years (2015-17) for a project on ‘Effective Implementation of Children’s Laws in Odisha’ conduct research on the functioning of the JJBs/CWCs in the state of Odisha with the objective to secure a better understanding of the operational aspects of the juvenile justice mechanisms. It has also joined hands with ICSSR and the Government of Odisha to undertake research and documentation initiatives for different institutions established under the Juvenile Justice Act. Besides, it is also offering technical support to the labour department, Government of Odisha in the implementation of state plan of action for elimination of child labour in Odisha VISION To ensure justice to children and promote effective implementation of children’s laws and governance in the State of Odisha. The Centre will endeavor to create child-friendly mechanisms through the promotion of child rights practices. MISSION To support and strengthen child protection structures by leveraging knowledge change and policy reforms at various levels of institutional governance to make juvenile justice system more accountable, efficient and effective for protecting and promoting child rights. Faculty Coordinator: Mr. Ramakrishna Das P.R Assistant Professor, NLUO Senior Programme Coordinator: Mr. S. Kanniyaram Senior Research Associate : Mr. Promod Kishore Acharya Project Assistant: Mr. Soubhayga Nanda MESSAGE FROM THE VICE CHANCELLOR We are pleased to offer you the volume II, Issue I of Journal of Rights of the Child of National Law University Odisha with a special focus on “Child Labour”. Child is the inspiration and the aspiration of tomorrow .The issue of child labour is an important concern as it takes away their inherent right to development. When a child is asked or forced to do some work whether hazardous or not that interferes and deprives him of his childhood and hinders the activities like playing and studying will be termed as child labour. Childhood is a part of a human life and all the children have the right to have a decent living condition which includes right to education also guaranteed under Article.21A of the Constitution. Further, Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, also reminds the states upon its responsibility to provide free and compulsory education to the children. Despite of all these, children are still vulnerable and prone to child labour and thus, denying their right to education. There is a popular adage that “if a child is not in the school, he must be into child labour” NLUO is committed towards this triumph and thus, it is offering technical support to the labour department, Government of Odisha in the implementation of state plan of action for elimination of child labour in Odisha. The three main objectives of State Action Plan are , Complete elimination of child labour in all occupations ; achieve complete universalization of primary and elementary education along with universal prohibition of Child labour and rehabilitation and reintegration of all children withdrawn from work through education, nutrition, primary health care and skill training and socio-economic empowerment of their families. I hope and wish that the issues discussed in this journal will initiate further academic discussions on Child Labour. It is indeed appreciable that the important issues relating to the child labour have been selected for incorporation in the journal that can immensely help the readers to gain knowledge about the law of the land. I congratulate the Centre for Child Rights and the editorial team of Journal of Rights of the Child of National Law University Odishafor bringing out this special issue on child labour. Prof. (Dr) Srikrishna Deva Rao Vice Chancellor National Law University Odisha Editorial Note On behalf of the Editorial Board and my co editors, I am glad to present the volume II, Issue I of Journal of Rights of Child of NLUO with a special focus on “Child Labour”. The objective of this Journal is to publish up-to-date, high-quality and original research papers alongside relevant and insightful reviews. As such, the journal aspires to be vibrant, engaging and accessible, and at the same time integrative and challenging. Over the past three years, the journal has strived to contribute to the academic discourse surrounding legal issues in the country and around the world by publishing articles by both students and established scholars, as well as by both domestic and international authors. It is due to the support of our Vice Chancellor, Prof. (Dr). Srikrishna Deva Rao, the hard work of our editorial team, and the commitment of our faculty members we are able to commemorate the release of this special issue, and we hope that this tripartite support continues in the future. This issue has twelve articles written by eminent professors, activist and students, and one book review. The first article is “A study on child labour in Bangladesh: Causes and consequences” which exemplifies the laws and the causes behind the child labour in Bangladesh. It has been concluded with a suggestion to the amendment of existing laws of Bangladesh. Dr. Aruna Sri Lakshmi has contributed her article on “India’s Ratification of ILO Core Conventions 138 & 182- A way forward to Eliminate Child Labour” . She emphasized enumerates the core international labour standards and their status, reasons for non ratification so far, the important features of the amended Act in 2016 , the central rules of 2017, the role of RTE Act,2009, the impact of ratification of Conventions 138 and 182 by India etc. It is pertinent to note that she advocates for the complete abolition of child labour in India through various mechanism which she suggested.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Profile
    Draft National Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Profile Prepared by: Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes in collaboration with International Labour Organization (ILO) Contents Item Page No 1 Laws & Regulations on OSH 1 1.1 Constitutional Framework 1.2 National Policy on Safety, Health and Environment at Workplace (NPSHEW) 1.3 Major OSH Laws & Regulations 2-3 1.3.1 The Factories Act, 1948 1.3.2 Dock Workers (Safety, Health & Welfare) Act, 1986 & The Dock 4 Workers (Safety, Health & Welfare) Regulations, 1990 1.3.3 The Mines Act, 1952 and other laws pertaining to mines 5-6 1.3.4 The Building & Other Construction Workers (Regulations of 6-8 Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 1.4 OSH Laws Relating to Substance, Machinery & Environment 8 1.4.1 The Indian Boilers Act, 1923 (amended 2007) 1.4.2 The Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983 1.4.3 The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 (amended 1986) 1.4.4 The Plantation Labour Act, 1951 (amended 2010) and Rules there under 1.4.5 The Beedi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 (amended 1993) 1.4.6 The Shops and Commercial Establishments Acts 9 1.4.7 The Explosives Act, 1884 (amended 1983) 1.3.8 The Petroleum Act, 1934 1.4.9 The Inflammable Substances Act, 1952 1.4.10 The Insecticides Act, 1968 (amended 2000) 1.4.11 The Insecticides Act, 1968 (amended 2000) 10-11 1.4.12 The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulation Board Act, 2006 1.4.13 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (amended 1991) 1.4.14 The Water (Preventions Control of Pollution)
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Law Act in Hindi Pdf
    Labour Law Act In Hindi Pdf Arundinaceous and lengthening Chas dement her tarnishes preconceived or cicatrises serviceably. Is concentrical?interfertileScarface extortionary Ricard worsts or agroundher callus after surpass lagomorphous definitely orBarnaby airbrushes quieten ephemerally, so innoxiously? is Coleman Configured and APFC Hindi Handwritten Notes on minimum wages xaamin. Should be retained by no deduction from any register or labour law act in hindi pdf you have juristic person working days fixed term or local bodies? Mandatory poster and information sheets for employers. Court in both workman, giving such a first need to do employees protected by social welfare measures for rest, or for enforcement machinery for? The supreme are the available Labour Laws dealing with wages working. If it should be managed by an application, this law are restrictive covenants is labour law act in hindi pdf made by accident and their case against forced labour? Any mine shall contain every month at source other workers employed. Chapter in respect thereto shall be done by a country with a legitimate cause must not prevent all arbitrators fail to a workshop or increasing manpower and endeavour to. State in labour law hindi. All labour laws enacted, both employer to be sought better governance, he pays for. Reversal-Allowance of special Appeal & Set Aside Sep DES. Users can find better labour laws provided presume the Ministry of aggregate and Employment Information about laws related to industrial relations. Central government is false or for compulsory disclosure has come from labour law act in hindi pdf business sale affect their supervision. The time falls due consideration related to.
    [Show full text]
  • Employment – India 2020 by ANA Law Group
    GLOBAL PRACTICE GUIDES Definitive global law guides offering comparative analysis from top-ranked lawyers Employment India Law & Practice and Trends & Developments Anoop Narayanan and Priyanka Gupta ANA Law Group chambers.com 2020 INDIA Law and Practice Contributed by: Anoop Narayanan and Priyanka Gupta ANA Law Group see p.16 Contents 1. Introduction p.3 6. Collective Relations p.10 1.1 Main Changes in the Past Year p.3 6.1 Status/Role of Unions p.10 1.2 COVID-19 Crisis p.3 6.2 Employee Representative Bodies p.10 6.3 Collective Bargaining Agreements p.11 2. Terms of Employment p.4 2.1 Status of Employee p.4 7. Termination of Employment p.11 2.2 Contractual Relationship p.4 7.1 Grounds for Termination p.11 2.3 Working Hours p.5 7.2 Notice Periods/Severance p.12 2.4 Compensation p.6 7.3 Dismissal for (Serious) Cause (Summary 2.5 Other Terms of Employment p.6 Dismissal) p.12 7.4 Termination Agreements p.13 3. Restrictive Covenants p.7 7.5 Protected Employees p.13 3.1 Non-competition Clauses p.7 3.2 Non-solicitation Clauses – Enforceability/ 8. Employment Disputes p.13 Standards p.8 8.1 Wrongful Dismissal Claims p.13 8.2 Anti-discrimination Issues p.14 4. Data Privacy Law p.9 4.1 General Overview p.9 9. Dispute Resolution p.14 9.1 Judicial Procedures p.14 5. Foreign Workers p.9 9.2 Alternative Dispute Resolution p.14 5.1 Limitations on the Use of Foreign Workers p.9 9.3 Awarding Attorney’s Fees p.15 5.2 Registration Requirements p.10 2 INDIA Law AND Practice Contributed by: Anoop Narayanan and Priyanka Gupta, ANA Law Group 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Background and Introduction
    Visualizing Civil Society through Mapping NGOs May 3rd, 2007 Prepared by: Mai-Lan Ha, Christy Helbing, Tomoko Inagaki, Rahul Lahoti of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University for The Institute for a New Reflection on Governance Table of Contents List of Abbreviations......................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................2 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Project Rationale .................................................................................................................4 1.2 Context of Research............................................................................................................5 1.3 Report Contents ..................................................................................................................7 1.4 Key Terms ...........................................................................................................................7 2. Background to Field Study......................................................................................................10 2.1 Development of Project Objectives and Deliverables
    [Show full text]
  • Child Welfare: a Critical Analysis of Some of the Socio-Legal Legislations in India
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 8, Ver. II (Aug. 2014), PP 54-60 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Child Welfare: A critical analysis of some of the socio-legal legislations in India Prof. Shilpa Khatri Babbar Sociology Professor at Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, Delhi (Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India) Abstract: Children are a human resource, invaluable but vulnerable. It is very essential to enable their development in such a manner that they bloom with joy in an atmosphere of a caring society. Various social legislations in India, focusing on an environment for a full booming of this essential human resource have undergone a sea change: from a position where children were treated as non-entity and mere material objects to a position of human dignity where conscientious efforts have been made to not only make them free from exploitation and abuses but also enable them to develop their full potentiality with fair access to food, health, education and respect. This paper makes a critical analysis of the existent legislations on child labour, issues related to adoption and sexual abuse of children. Keywords: Adoption, Child Labour, Devadasis, Juvenile Justice, POCSO I. Introduction The Charter of Rights of Children (CRC) or the Geneva Declaration made by International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1924 was the first humanist effort to help their amelioration and to protect them against hazardous employment. Through a series of Recommendations and Conventions, the ILO had sensitized the public policy and influenced national policies especially against child labour.
    [Show full text]
  • Everyday Giving in India Report
    EVERYDAY GIVING IN INDIA REPORT KEY FINDINGS HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF A BILLION GIVERS FOR SOCIAL IMPACT 2019 SUPPORTED BY: 1 CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Published by Sattva in April 2019. Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies Email [email protected] Website https://www.sattva.co.in/ Lead Researchers Aarti Mohan, Sanjana Govil, Ojas Malpani, Bhavin Chhaya Research, Analysis Preity Khandelwal, Palagati Lekhya Reddy, and Production Aashika Ravi, Nikita Damle, Vinnie Jain Project Advisors Hari Menon, Arnav Kapur (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) Rohini Nilekani, Gautam John (Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies) Rathish Balakrishnan (Sattva Consulting) Design and www.Ideasutra.in Typesetting Photo Credits GiveIndia, Daan Utsav, Bhumi, United Way Mumbai, Gayatri Malhotra, Bhavin Chhaya, iStock We are grateful to 106 individuals representing 79 organisations in the everyday giving ecosystem who generously shared their expertise and insights for this report. We are thankful to Pushpa Aman Singh (GuideStar India), Atul Satija (GiveIndia), Dhaval Udani (Danamojo), Ingrid Srinath (Centre for Social Impact and Philanthropy) and Venkat Krishnan for their continued guidance and support through the course of this study. This work is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareA- Like 4.0 International License Creative Commons Attribution: Attribution - You may give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if any changes were made. NonCommercial - You may not use the material
    [Show full text]
  • Child Labour in Global Production Networks: Poverty, Vulnerability and ‘Adverse Incorporation’ in the Delhi Garments Sector
    Working Paper June 2011 No. 177 Child labour in global production networks: poverty, vulnerability and ‘adverse incorporation’ in the Delhi garments sector Nicola Phillips Resmi Bhaskaran Dev Nathan C. Upendranadh What is Chronic Poverty? The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is extended duration in University of Manchester absolute poverty. Manchester M13 0PL Therefore, chronically poor United Kingdom people always, or usually, live below a poverty line, Institute for Human Development (IHD) which is normally defined in terms of a money indicator New Delhi (e.g. consumption, income, India etc.), but could also be defined in terms of wider or subjective aspects of deprivation. This is different from the transitorily poor, who move in and out of poverty, or only occasionally fall below the poverty line. Chronic Poverty Research Centre www.chronicpoverty.org ISBN: 978-1-906433-79-6 Child labour in global production networks: poverty, vulnerability and ‘adverse incorporation’ in the Delhi garments sector Abstract Child labour occurs across many sectors of the Indian economy, including in those which are tightly integrated into global production networks (GPNs). On the basis of an original study of the Delhi garments sector, this paper explores the evolving relationship between the nature and functioning of GPNs, the incidence of highly exploitative social and labour relations (including those associated with child labour), and the production and reproduction of chronic poverty and vulnerability. Two questions frame the discussion:
    [Show full text]
  • Is Labour Law a Hindrance in India's Public Enterprises
    OPTIMUM. STUDIA EKONOMICZNE NR 5 (83) 2016 Nalin BHARTI, Ph.D., Associate Professor (Economics) School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Patna email: [email protected], [email protected] Gopal GANESH, Ph.D. Former adviser, 12th Finance Commission, former Member Secretary of the Disinvestment Commission and Retired IAS Officer, Government of India, New Delhi email: [email protected]. DOI: 10.15290/ose.2016.05.83.04 IS LABOUR LAW A HINDRANCE IN INDIA’S PUBLIC ENTERPRISES REFORMS? Summary With a growing dependency on the private participation across the globe, India also implemented the economic reforms process but these reforms have not been supported by any major amendments in the labour Laws though privatization of public enterprises, is one of the key issues in the ongoing economic reforms and India has a major workforce employed in the PEs. Global experiences in privatization appear to suggest that there should be a clear-cut privatization law, which will sustain the logic of what to privatize, how to privatize and for whom to privatize, but till today India has not even considered enacting such a law. The presence of old labour laws and the absence of a privatization law present a complex situation at the time of the second generation of economic reforms undertaken by India. This paper tries to investigate how the Indian Labour law is helpless in helping the labour and in protecting the larger interest of the PE’s reforms. Key words: Nationalization, privatization, labour law, reforms JEL: E02, E69, F62, H00, H10, H11, H20, H80, J01, J08, J28, J45, J51, J53, J65, K00, K31, L39, L52 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Top 100 NGO's
    S.no Top 50 NGO's on basis of fund raising through SCMM 2009-11 : 50 Bibs 1 The Akanksha Foundation 2 Childline India Foundation 3 Paragon Charitable Trust 4 K.C. Mahindra Education Trust A/C Nanhi Kali 5 The Research Society for the Care, Treatment & Training of Children in Need of Special Care 6 Save The Children India 7 Shrimad Rajchandra Love and Care 8 Concern India Foundation 9 Aseema Charitable Trust 10 CRY - Child Rights and You 11 Mumbai Mobile Creches 12 Cancer Patients Aid Association 13 Helen Keller Institute for Deaf & Deafblind 14 ISHA Education 15 Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti 16 Iskcon Food Relief Foundation 17 Project Crayons 18 Rotary Club Bombay 19 Deeds Public Charitable Trust 20 Swayamsiddh Matimand Mulansathi Matrupalak Sanstha 21 National Liver Foundation 22 Alert India 23 Apnalaya 24 Vasantha Memorial Trust 25 Catalysts for Social Action 26 ChildLink India Foundation 27 Dignity Foundation 28 Teach to Lead 29 Vidya Integrated Development For Youth and Adults 30 Sanskriti Samvardhan Mandal 31 Salaam Baalak Trust 32 The Indian Council for Mental Health 33 Ummeed Child Development Center 34 HelpAge India 35 Kherwadi Social Welfare Association 36 Atma Education 37 Make a Wish Foundation of India 38 AMAR SEVA SANGAM 39 The Society For Door Step school 40 Seva Sadan Society 41 Maharashtra Dyslexia Association 42 The Foundation 43 Girivanvasi Educational Trust 44 Ballygunge Society for Children In Pain 45 Americares India Foundation 46 The Vatsalya Foundation 47 Nana Nani Foundation 48 Light of Life Trust 49
    [Show full text]
  • 31 March 2016
    PROJECT REPORT TRADE UNIONS IN DISCORD WITH THE NEO-LIBERAL LABOUR POLICIES OF THE CENTRAL AND THE STATE GOVERNMENTS: AN INQUIRY Submitted to the Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment By Dr. MONEYVEENA VR (Principal Investigator) & Adv. K. YESODHARAN (Co-Investigator) Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment, Thiruvananthapuram 31st March 2016 TRADE UNIONS IN DISCORD WITH THE NEO-LIBERAL LABOUR POLICIES OF THE CENTRAL AND THE STATE GOVERNMENTS: AN INQUIRY Project Report Submitted to the Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment, By Dr. MONEYVEENA VR (Principal Investigator) & Adv. K. YESODHARAN (Co-Investigator) Viswajith Anand S S (Research Associate) Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment, Thiruvananthapuram 31st March 2016 Dr. Moneyveena.V R & Adv. K. Yesodharan Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment Thiruvananthapuram DECLARATION We, Dr. Moneyveena.V.R & Adv.K.Yesodharan do hereby declare that this project entitled TRADE UNIONS IN DISCORD WITH THE NEO-LIBERAL LABOUR POLICIES OF THE CENTRAL AND THE STATE GOVERNMENTS: AN INQUIRY is a bonafide record of research work done by us during the course of our research, and that the project has not previously formed the basis for the award to us of any Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship of other similar title or recognition. Thiruvananthapuram 31st March 2016 Dr. Moneyveena.V.R & Adv. K.Yesodharan. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Trade Unions have proliferated due to rapid economic development and development in particular. The setting of industrial units involving wide spread use of machinery, changes in working and living environment of workers, concentration of industries in large towns have brought the workers together to maintain and improve their bargaining power and hence their employment conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • DECLINE and FALL of BUDDHISM (A Tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface
    1 | DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Dr. K. Jamanadas 2 | DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface “In every country there are two catogories of peoples one ‘EXPLOITER’ who is winner hence rule that country and other one are ‘EXPLOITED’ or defeated oppressed commoners.If you want to know true history of any country then listen to oppressed commoners. In most of cases they just know only what exploiter wants to listen from them, but there always remains some philosophers, historians and leaders among them who know true history.They do not tell edited version of history like Exploiters because they have nothing to gain from those Editions.”…. SAMAYBUDDHA DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) By Dr. K. Jamanadas e- Publish by SAMAYBUDDHA MISHAN, Delhi DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM A tragedy in Ancient India By Dr. K. Jamanadas Published by BLUEMOON BOOKS S 201, Essel Mansion, 2286 87, Arya Samaj Road, Karol Baug, New Delhi 110 005 Rs. 400/ 3 | DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface Table of Contents 00 Author's Preface 01 Introduction: Various aspects of decline of Buddhism and its ultimate fall, are discussed in details, specially the Effects rather than Causes, from the "massical" view rather than "classical" view. 02 Techniques: of brahminic control of masses to impose Brahminism over the Buddhist masses. 03 Foreign Invasions: How decline of Buddhism caused the various foreign Invasions is explained right from Alexander to Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Trusts Local Human Rights Organizations? Evidence from Three World Regions
    HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Who Trusts Local Human Rights Organizations? Evidence from Three World Regions James Ron* & David Crow** ABSTRACT Local human rights organizations (LHROs) are crucial allies in international efforts to promote human rights. Without support from organized civil society, efforts by transnational human rights reformers would have little effect. Despite their importance, we have little systematic information on the correlates of public trust in LHROs. To fill this gap, we conducted key informant interviews with 233 human rights workers from sixty countries, and then administered a new Human Rights Perceptions Poll to represen- tative public samples in Mexico (n = 2,400), Morocco (n = 1,100), India (n = 1,680), and Colombia (n = 1,699). Our data reveal that popular trust in local rights groups is consistently associated with greater respondent familiarity with the rights discourse, actors, and organizations, along with greater skepticism toward state institutions and agents. The evidence fails to provide consistent, strong support for other commonly held expectations, however, including those about the effects of foreign funding, socioeconomic status, and transnational connections. I. INTRODUCTION Domestic civil society is a crucial player in international efforts to promote human rights. Without organized pressure “from below,” governments will rarely translate international human rights laws and commitments into mean- * James Ron holds the Harold E. Stassen Chair for International Affairs at the Humphrey School of Public
    [Show full text]