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Topic list for exam revision - VCE History (Revolutions)

American Revolution Russian Revolution Chinese Revolution AOS1 1763-1776 AOS1 1781-1789 AOS1 1905-1917 AOS1 1898-1949

Thirteen Colonies Imperial Background: geography, Background: geography, Population / demographics * geography, demography demography, people social and ethnic groups. Colonial society Absolutist monarchy Russian social hierarchy Confucianism * agrarian with few cities Divine right to rule Nature of the peasantry Social hierarchy * diversity of origins Louis XVI Industrialisation of 1800s Political institutions * African slaves Marie-Antoinette Urbanisation, social change Emperor, Forbidden City, * Native Americans * political pornography Tsarism under Romanovs mandarins, Banner Armies Colonial government Enlightenment ideas Divine right to rule Foreign imperialism * Colonial assemblies * Rousseau, Diderot, Russian Orthodox Church The ‘Scramble’ for China * Royal governors , Autocratic government Self-Strengthening Imperial context Seigneurial feudalism Role of ministers Dowager Empress Cixi * Role of colonial trade First Estate Role of bureaucracy Emperor Guangxu * Mercantilism Role of church in France Role of imperial military Hundred Days of Reform * Smuggling Criticisms, e.g Voltaire The Okhrana Kang Youwei History of frontier rebellions Estate Alexander III Boxer Uprising, 1899-1900 French and Indian War Privileges of nobility Nicholas II Boxer Protocol, 1901 Royal Proclamation 1763 Third Estate Alexandra Late Qing reforms 1901-9 Sugar Act 1764 * bourgeoisie, urban Russo-Japan. War 1904-5 Railways Protection Stamp Act 1765 workers, peasantry Putilov strikes Sun Yat-sen Opposition to Stamp Act Social mobility, venality Georgi Gapon’s petition Tongmenghui Loyal Nine Taxation ‘Bloody Sunday’ shootings Three Principles of People Sons of Liberty * taille, gabelle, capitation 1905 revolution Wuchang Uprising Declaratory Act 1766 * ‘tax farmers’ parties: Xinhai Revolution 1911 Townshend duties 1767 * exemptions * Marxist SDs, split 1903 President Yuan Shikai Enlightenment ideas Fiscal crisis * Mensheviks under Martov Song Jiaoren murdered * representation (act/virtual) * involvement in wars * Bolsheviks under Lenin Guomindang formed * natural rights (Locke) * American Revolution * Social Japan’s ‘21 Demands’ * popular sovereignty * royal spending * Kadets (liberals) Warlord era 1916-28 * republicanism (Paine) * foreign loans * Octobrists (conservatives) New Culture Movement Boston Massacre 1770 Necker’s Compte Rendu October Manifesto May Fourth Movement Tea Act 1773 Attempts at fiscal reform State Duma Marxism and Comintern Boston Tea Party 1773 * Calonne, Brienne, Necker Fundamental Laws Founding of CCP 1920 Coercive Acts 1774 Paris Stolypin and his reforms First United Front 1923 * Mass. Govt. Act Assembly of Notables Tsarist attitude to Dumas Whampao Academy * Boston Port Act Estates-General Lena River massacre Chiang Kai-shek * Admin. of Justice Act Cahiers de doleances World War I Wang Jingwei * Quebec Act 1774 Abbe Sieyes Disastrous war effort Northern Expedition Committees of Correspond. What is the Third Estate? Tsar takes command 1915 Shanghai Massacre and Committees of Safety Voting by head or order Tsarina left to govern White Terror, 1927 Patrick Henry Seance Royale Influence of Rasputin Nanjing Decade George Washington Economic collapse Mao Zedong formed February Revolution Jiangxi Soviet 1929-34 Samuel Adams Sacking of Necker Provisional Government Encirclement Campaigns Unrest in Paris Petrograd Soviet Long March * harvest failures Lenin returns to Russia Yenan Soviet 1st Continental Congress * food prices April Theses Rectification campaign Declaration & Resolves * Reveillon riot Alexander Kerensky Japanese aggression Continental militias and * sacking of Necker June Offensive Xian Incident Minutemen * mobilisation of troops July Days Second United Front Powder Alarms Fall of the Bastille Kornilov Revolt War with Japan 1937-45 Lexington-Concord formed Leon Trotsky Dixie Mission, 1944 2nd Continental Congress Paris Commune formed Red Guards & MRC Chinese Civil War 1946-49 ‘Olive branch’ petition The October Revolution CCP victory Dec. of Independence August 4th decrees Storming the Winter Palace Founding of CCP 1949

© Alpha History 2013. Distribution restrictions apply. Topic list for exam revision - VCE History (Revolutions)

American Revolution French Revolution Russian Revolution Chinese Revolution AOS2 1776-1789 AOS2 1789-1795 AOS2 1917-1924 AOS2 1949-1976

Washington’s leadership Declaration of the Rights of October Revolution Formation of the PRC Continental Army Man and Citizen Early Bolshevik decrees New government structure * Formation October March - Versailles Government structure: * ‘Democratic Dictatorship’ * Composition Practical reforms * Sovnarkom Korean War 1950-52 * Problems * Metric * Congress of Soviets Social reforms * Early defeats * weights and measures * Politburo / Orgburo * Marriage Law 1950 Battle of Trenton * Decimalised calendar * CHEKA * footbinding banned * Currency reform Constituent Assembly * concubinage, arranged Alliance with France Civil Constution of Clergy * Dec. 1917 elections marriages banned, etc. Marquis de Lafayette * juring / non-juring priests * Jan 1918 dissolution Eradicating dissent The war in the south * seizure of church lands Social reforms * Three Antis 1951 Battle of Yorktown of 1791 * womens’ rights * Five Antis, 1952 Reasons for victory * issue of royal veto * workers’ rights * Hundred Flowers, 1957 Treaty of Paris * active and passive voters * literacy programmes Economic reforms Articles of Confederation * education * Agrarian Reform 1950 Problems with the Articles Political clubs Socialist propaganda * ‘Speak Bitterness’ * state sovereignty * Feulliants Formation of Red Army * First Five-Year Plan 1953 * inter-state tensions * Role of Leon Trotsky Great Leap Forward * multiple currencies * Treaty of Brest-Litovsk * People’s Communes * borders, customs duties Champ-de-Mars massacre * negotiations * Lysenkoism National economic crisis Legislative Assembly * outcomes of treaty * Backyard furnaces War veterans unpaid Growing radicalism * internal party dissent * Famine of 1959-61 National and domestic debt Russian Civil War Lushan Plenum 1959 Shays’ Rebellion 1786 * Czech Legion Removal of Peng Dehaui * slump in grain prices Revolutionary war declared * White Armies Liu Shaoqi * high state taxes Paris Commune replaced * Green / nationalist armies Deng Xiaoping * high levels of debt Attack on Tuileries * Foreign intervention Lin Biao * farm foreclosures * War communism ‘Learn from Lei Feng’ * debtors courts Radical journalists: The Red Terror Cultural Revolution 1966 * courthouses closed * Jean-Paul Marat * The CHEKA * Wu Han and ‘Hai Rui Annapolis Convention 1786 * * Felix Dzerzhinsky dismissed from office’ Philadelphia convention Sans culottes * Left SR uprising * Jiang Qing United States Constitution * Attempt to kill Lenin * May 16th circular * executive presidency * Jacobins and * Execution of Romanovs * Cult of Mao * bicameral congress * Louis XVI tried, executed * Declaration of the Terror * Mao’s ‘Little Red Book’ * national judiciary Counter-revolution: * Targeting of kulaks * Red Guards * separation of powers * The Vendee, Lyons Formation of Comintern * The Four Olds * checks and balances Anti-Bolshevik sentiment * Mao’s ‘Good Swim’ * federalism (state/national) * Russo-Polish War * ‘Bombard Headquarters’ * 3/5ths clause (slavery) Committee of Public Safety * Tambov peasant rebellion * Shanghai Commune * sunset clause (slavery) Assassination of Marat * Workers’ Opposition * Ninth Party Congress Ratification debate 1787-88 Arrest of Girondins * Alexandra Kollontai ‘Down to the Countryside’ Federalists begins * Kronstadt rebellion Fall of Chen Boda 1970 * Alexander * Great Famine of 1921-2 Lin Biao affair 1971 * James Madison * Revolutionary Tribunals Tenth Party Congress Sino-Soviet split Anti-Federalists * Law of the Maximum * New Economic Policy Visit of Richard Nixon 1972 * Patrick Henry * * Decree on party unity The Gang of Four State conventions * execution of Danton The ‘Scissors Crisis’ Return of Deng Xiaoping Calls for a Bill of Rights * execution of Hebertists Lenin’s declining health Death of Zhou Enlai Ratification achieved Fall of Robespierre Rise of Stalin Death of Mao Zedong Washington elected Death of Lenin Jan. 1924 Leadership of Hua Guofeng Outcomes White Terror Lenin’s ‘political testament’ Arrest of the Gang of Four

© Alpha History 2013. Distribution restrictions apply.