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Xerox University Microfilms 75-11,302 AL-THAKEB, Fahad T., 1941- THE KUWAITI FAMILY: TODAY AND YESTERDAY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D. 1974 Sociology, family Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Michigan 48io6 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE KUWAITI FAMILY: TODAY AND YESTERDAY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Fahad T, Al-Thakeb, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1974 Reading Committee: Approved by Professor Alfred C, Clarke Professor John P. Cuber Professor Simon Dinitz / Adviser Department of Sociology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude and appreciation to Kuwait University which supported my study in the United States and made this project possible. A special thanks to Mr. Anwar Al-Norri Secretary General of Kuwait Uni­ versity, for his support and encouragement. To Mr. Ja­ mil M. Dawood, lab assistant at Kuwait University, a special thanks for being my senior research assistant. I am also indebted to the staff of the Planning Board and the Central Statistical Office for their help in selecting the regions for this study, recruiting the interviewers, and using their census tracts to select a random sample. My thanks are also due to the inter­ viewers. I am especially grateful to the girls from the Sociology Department who showed great interest and en­ thusiasm in conducting the interviews. The field research would never have succeeded with­ out the cooperation of the respondents. To all respon­ dents who gave generously of their time and were cour­ teous and cooperative I owe sincere thanks. I owe a special debt of gratitude to my adviser. Professor Alfred C, Clarke, for his continuous support ii and encouragement. To Professors John P. Cuber and Simon Dinitz, my reading committee, a special thanks for their helpful suggestions. Finally, to Dr. Wen Li and my colleague. Dr. Brian O ’Connell, I am grateful for their useful help and suggestions in data processing and analysis. iii October 18, 1941. ...Born - Kuwait 1966 B.A., Beirut Arab University 1970........................... M.A., University of Louis­ ville FIELDS OF GRADUATE STUDY Major Field: Sociology Special Areas of Interest: Studies in Family: Advisers: Professor Alfred C. Clarke Professor John F. Cuber Studies in Criminlogy: Adviser : Professor Simon Dinitz Studies in Social Organization; Social Stratifi­ cation : Advisers: Professor Alfred C. Clarke Professor Russell R. Dynes Studies in Work and Leisure : Adviser : Professor Alfred C. Clarke TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................... ii VITA......................................... iv LIST OF TABLES..................................... v^ii CHAPTER I Introduction....... 1 The Need for Research in Non-Western Societies.............................. 9 Family and Kin in the Arab Coun^ tries.......................... 12 The Aim of the Study.................. 18 II The Country and Its People............. 20 Kuwait City............................ 21 The Economy............................ 23 The Labor Force....................... 26 Public Health.......................... 30 Education........ 32 Population............................. 37 Marriage............................... 40 Geographic Distribution............... 41 Religion............................... 42 Social Welfare and Housing........... 43 III The Study Design......................... 46 The Sample............................. 46 The Location of Families............. 47 The Selection of Families............ 49 The Socio-Economic Status of Res­ pondents......................... 52 Occupation and Education of Res­ pondents.............. 56 Age and Sex of Respondents........... 59 Definitions............................ 60 Table of Contents, cont. Chapter Page III, cont. The Questionnaire................... 61 The Field Work........................ 62 IV Family Size and Composition............ 63 Family Size........................ 63 Census Data............................ 65 Survey Data.................. 69 Family Composition ....... 72 V Attitudes Toward Family Size and Composition.............................. 85 Family Size....................... 85 Family Type...... 89 Preference of Family Type According to Family Background. ............ 89 Education as Related to Choice of Family Type............................ 95 SES as Related to Preference of Family Type............................ 96 Sex as Related to Preference of Family Type............................ 100 Age as Related to Preference of Family Type............................ 103 Reasons for Choosing Family Types.... 107 Reasons for Choosing Nuclear Fam­ ily or Patrilocal Extended Family.... 107 Reasons for Married Sons Living with Parents and Married Brothers Living at the Same Household................. 110 Reasons for Preferring that Widowers Live with Married Sons or in Sep­ arate Households...................... 110 VI Family-Kin Relationships................ 113 Contact between Family and Kin..... 113 Family-Kin Assistance in Times of Need. ...... 123 Family-Kin as Business Partners...... 131 Family-Kin as Leisure Partners....... 139 Marriage Among Relatives............. 152 Conflict Among Relatives............. 161 Vi Table of Contents, cont. Chapter Page VII Changing Marriage Customs and Norms.... 168 Age at Marriage....................... 168 Role of Parents in Marriage.......... 179 Polygyny and Dowry. ................ 193 Engagement and Other Aspects of Marriage............................... 202 VIII The Status of Women...................... 223 IX Summary and Conclusions................. 247 APPENDICES A Tables 58-172............................. 271 B A Note on Field Work.................... 387 C Questionnaire............................. 392 BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................... 412 vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 The Importance of Oil Revenues, 1967- 1972...................................... 25 2 Ratio of Labor Force to Total Popula­ tion by Nationality and Sex, 1965- 1970...................................... 27 3 Government Hospitals and Health Cen­ ters— 1972 Compared with 1953 and 1963...................................... 31 4 School Enrollment and Teachers in Government Schools: 1945/46-1972/73.• 34 5 Area, Population, and Density by Locality (1970 Census).................. 41 6 Population According to Religion and Nationality (1970 Census)........... 43 7 Families Interviewed by Sex and Area of Residence.............................. 51 8 Correlates of Income...................... 54 9 Respondents by Income..................... 55 10 Respondents by Occupation................. 57 11 Respondents by Level of Education 58 12 Percent of Number of Individuals in Household by Region (1965 & 1970 Censuses).................... 66 13 Percent of Number of Individuals in Households by Educational Attainment (1965 & 1970 Censuses)................... 68 14 Type of Family by Number of Individuals. 70 viii t a b l e PAGE 15 Number of Individuals by Educational Attainment................................. 71 16 Number of Individuals by SES............. 73 17 Distribution of the Survey Sample According to Household Composition...... 74 18 Family Type by Family of Orientation.... 77 19 Family Type by SES................. 79 20 Preferred Family Size by SES........... 87 21 Preference of Family Type by Family Background..... ............... 91 22 Preference of Family Type by Family Background................................. 94 23 Preference of Family Type by Educational Attainment..................

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