CONCERNS IN EUROPE July - December 2000 FOREWORD This bulletin contains information about Amnesty International’s main concerns in Europe between July and December 2000. Not every country in Europe is reported on: only those where there were significant developments in the period covered by the bulletin. The five Central Asian republics of Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in the Europe Region because of their membership of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). This bulletin contains an index on pages 99 and 100 about cases and incidents investigated by Amnesty International affecting women and children. They are not an exhaustive summary of the organization’s concerns, but a reflection of the range of violations suffered by women, children and juveniles in Europe. A number of individual country reports have been issued on the concerns featured in this bulletin. References to these are made under the relevant country entry. In addition, more detailed information about particular incidents or concerns may be found in Urgent Actions and News Service Items issued by Amnesty International. This bulletin is published by Amnesty International every six months. References to previous bulletins in the text are: AI Index: EUR 01/03/00 Concerns in Europe: January - June 2000 AI Index: EUR 01/01/00 Concerns in Europe: July - December 1999 AI Index: EUR 01/02/99 Concerns in Europe: January - June 1999 AI Index: EUR 01/01/99 Concerns in Europe: July - December 1998 AI Index: EUR 01/02/98 Concerns in Europe: January - June 1998 AI Index: EUR 01/01/98 Concerns in Europe: July - December 1997 Amnesty International March 2001 AI Index: EUR 01/001/2001 they had stolen some money. Ferit Çepi, who suffers A L B A N I A from hearing and speech defects, was tortured so badly by police that he reportedly lost sight in one Background eye, and his two companions were also said to have suffered injuries. In the lead-up to municipal elections in October, and Opposition supporters afterwards, political tensions between the ruling Socialist Party (SP) and the main opposition, the A number of DP demonstrators detained in Democratic Party (DP) increased. The latter claimed November on suspicion of organizing the that the elections had been rigged, and staged daily demonstrations (which did not have official protest demonstrations from November on, during authorisation), or of throwing stones or other violent which public buildings and police officers were acts were reportedly ill-treated. Besnik Papa, who sometimes attacked. At the end of November a DP had shouted slogans over a megaphone, was beaten rally in the town of Bajram Curri ended in clashes so severely at a police station in Tirana that he between armed men and police in which one man required hospital treatment for broken teeth, injuries died and others were wounded. to his jaw and bruising. Alleged torture and ill-treatment Minors of detainees by police Local human rights organizations reported that the Scores of people, including both criminal suspects ill-treatment of children in police stations was and opposition supporters, were reportedly tortured common. At least 20 minors detained during the and ill-treated in police stations, but it was rare for demonstrations in Tirana in November were reported police officers guilty of ill-treatment to be brought to to have been ill-treated; three of them when brought justice (see Albania: “A disturbing pattern of to court claimed that police had ill-treated them to disregard for basic human rights” AI Index: EUR force them to name the people who had allegedly incited them to throw stones. 11/02/00). In July a police officer in Saranda beat and Criminal suspects burned with a cigarette a 10-year old orphan boy, Ergest Shele, whom he wrongly suspected of stealing In September police in Elbasan arrested Naim Pulaku a bag. The officer was later dismissed from his post. on suspicion of stealing car tyres and beat him so brutally that he was admitted to hospital for surgery Delay in executing sentence imposed on police to his damaged sexual organs. Investigation officers convicted of ill-treating a Rom proceedings on charges of “abuse of position” were started against two police officers. Other incidents of In July the Court of Appeal in Tirana sentenced three grave ill-treatment by police in Elbasan were reported police officers to two years’ suspension from their in the press, and some five cases were said to be under duties and a suspended prison sentence of 18 months investigation, but by the end of the year none had for ill-treating and injuring Rushit Korteshi, a Rom, gone to trial.Following intervention by the People’s in August 1999. However, several weeks later this Advocate (Ombudsman) several officers were sentence had still not been carried out and the officers dismissed or suspended from their duties. reportedly continued to persecute him. In November police in Vlora arrested Ferit Çepi, Detention of political opponents Veli Mona and Ilir Mona, wrongly suspecting that Over 1,000 opposition demonstrators were arrested in a journalist and spokesman for the DP. He was November; most were released within 24 hours, but detained on 29 November and held for nine days on between 10 and 20 were detained in custody for up to charges of organizing and taking part in illegal several weeks for investigation on charges of demonstrations, and offering violent resistance to damaging public property or organizing illegal police; he denied both charges. He was released demonstrations. A few were still under house arrest pending trial. by the end of the year. Some were possible prisoners of conscience. Among those arrested was Edi Paloka, Ratification of Protocol No. 6 to the Concerns in Europe: July - December 2000 3 European Convention on Human Rights were living at home, but required to report regularly to the police. All those imprisoned had expressed a In December 1999 the Constitutional Court ruled that willingness to perform an alternative, civilian the death penalty was incompatible with the service. Constitution of Albania. In September Albania Four of the men imprisoned in December were ratified Protocol No.6 to the European Convention on awaiting trial. Most of the remaining 20 had been Human Rights concerning the abolition of the death tried and sentenced for refusing their call-up papers penalty, but by the end of 2000 the Criminal Code (Article 75 of the Criminal Code). Four, however, had not been correspondingly amended. had been sentenced under the military section of the criminal code: two for refusing to perform military duties and two for desertion. Such prosecutions have A R M E N I A usually resulted after the young man in question, having refused to respond to his call-up papers, is Accession to the Council of Europe forcibly conscripted into the army. At the military unit the young man then continues to refuse to In June the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council perform military service, for example by donning a of Europe (PACE) had voted to approve applications uniform or carrying a weapon, and may eventually by Armenia and Azerbaijan for full membership of seek to desert as the only way of escaping the ensuing that body (see AI Index: EUR 01/03/00). However, intolerable - and insoluble - conflict with their the Committee of Ministers - the Council’s executive deeply-held religious beliefs. body - decided to postpone formal admission until after parliamentary elections on 5 November in Azerbaijan. On 9 November the Committee of Ministers issued invitations to both countries to join simultaneously. A formal accession date was expected in January 2001, following the repeat elections in Azerbaijan (see Azerbaijan entry). Prisoners of conscience Armenia’s commitments on acceding to the Council of Europe include introducing a law on alternative service, and pardoning imprisoned conscientious objectors to compulsory military service. At the end of the period under review, however, AI knew of at least 24 young men, all Jehovah’s Witnesses, imprisoned for refusing on grounds of conscience to perform military service. This is twice the number reported in June, when PACE voted to approve Armenia’s application to join the Council of Europe. There were also a further 14 young men in December who had been released early, but conditionally, from their imprisonment as conscientious objectors. They Several of those imprisoned reported that they 28 August, when he voluntarily presented himself at had been beaten in detention, because of their beliefs the District Department of Internal Affairs in the city and refusal to perform military service. One such was of Martuni. There Rafik Tononian was reportedly Rafik Tonoian, from the village of Vardenik in the verbally abused and beaten by police officers, and Gegharkunik Region of Armenia. He was arrested on subsequently suffered severe pain in his knee joints. Amnesty International March 2001 AI Index: EUR 01/001/2001 4 Concerns in Europe: July - December 2000 He was then transferred to Sovetashen pre-trial prison Witness, contacted AI in August to report increased in Yerevan. Rafik Tononian was sentenced to two efforts by military authorities to find, detain and years’ imprisonment on 1 November by a court of forcibly conscript him. He feared that these efforts first instance in Martuni, for refusing his call-up were increasing as he would turn 27 in October, and papers, and is currently serving this term in a thereby be beyond the maximum age of conscription. corrective labour colony in Kosh. Nairi Ugurlian, Yervand Pogosian described how his brother, Vahan sentenced to the same term in November, reports that Pogosian, was detained on 17 August by police from guards verbally abused him, and tore up religious the Arabkir district of Yerevan city.