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Fishes of the Indo-Pacific Genus Eviota with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

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Fishes of the Indo-Pacific Genus Eviota with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) Fishes of the Indo-Pacific Genus Eviota with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) ERNEST A. LACHNER and SUSAN J. KARNELLA SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 315 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropo/ogy Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 315 Fishes of the Indo-Pacific Genus Eviota with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) Ernest A. Lachner and Susan J. Karnella SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1980 ABSTRACT Lachner, Ernest A., and Susan J. Karnella. Fishes of the Indo-Pacific Genus Eviota with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Smithson- ian Contributions to Zoology, number 315, 127 pages, 66 figures, 12 tables, 1980.— Thirty-one species of the widely distributed and speciose genus Eviota Jenkins of the tropical Indo-West Pacific are treated, including 23 nominal and 8 new species. Important specific characters are: presence of certain cephalic sensory pores; presence and number of branched pectoral fin rays; presence and length of fifth pelvic fin ray; number of primary branches on fourth pelvic fin ray and number of segments between branches; shape of male genital papilla; number of dorsal and anal fin rays; and body coloration. Diagnostic characters of the genus are reviewed. An artificial key to the 31 species is provided. Relationships of 6 major natural or artificial species groups are discussed. Data for important meristic characters are tabulated. The species, and details of certain characters, are illustrated by photographs and drawings. A diagnosis, list of material examined, and description are provided for each species, and geographic distributions are plotted on maps for 30 species. Nominal species of Eviota placed in the synonymy of other Eviota are: E. viridis (Waite) and E. verna J.L.B. Smith in E. prasina (Klunzinger); E. stigmapteron J.L.B. Smith in E. distigma Jordan and Seale; and E. gymnocephalus Weber in E. zonura Jordan and Seale. The nominal species E. pruinosa Jordan and Seale, E. grammistes Tomiyama, E. macrophthalmus Tomiyama, E. caesiura okinawae Aoyagi, E. wollacottae Whitley, and E. personata Jordan and Thompson are not Eviota. The eight new species and their distributions are: E. melasma, Indo-Pacific Archipelago; E. nigripinna, insular Indian Ocean localities; E. pseudostigma, from two disjunct areas, the Indian Ocean and Oceania; E. spilota, Vietnam to the Bismarck Archipelago; E. indica, the Seychelles and St. Brandon Shoals; E. variola, southern Great Barrier Reef; E. bimaculata, Western and South Australia; and E. bifasciata, Philippine Islands, Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Palau Islands. Fourteen of the 31 species are endemic or have restricted distributions. Five species are widespread, E. distigma, E. sebreei, and E. prasina from the Red Sea to Oceania, and E. nebulosa and E. infulata from Africa or insular Indian Ocean sites to eastern Oceania. Of these, E. distigma and E. infulata have discontinuous distributions, not occurring in the Indonesian-Philippine-New Guinea area. Other geographic distribution patterns are noted. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lachner, Ernest A. Fishes of the Indo-Pacific genus Eviota, with descriptions of eight new species (Teleostei, Gobiidae) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 315) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. No.: SI 1.27:315 1. Eviota—Classification. 2. Fishes—Classification. I. Karnella, Susan J., joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology no 315. sr QL1.S54 no. 315 [QL638.G7] 591'.08s [597'.58] 79-607799 Contents Page Introduction 1 Methods 3 Analysis of Characters 10 Genus Eviota Jenkins 12 Key to the Species of Eviota 13 Eviota abax (Jordan and Snyder) 19 Eviota inutilis Whitley 21 Eviota smaragdus Jordan and Seale 23 Eviota melasma, new species 27 Eviota epiphanes Jenkins 29 Eviota guttata Lachner and Karnella 31 Eviota pardalota Lachner and Karnella 33 Eviota nebulosa Smith 34 Eviota nigripinna, new species 37 Eviota monostigma Fourmanoir 39 Eviota pseudostigma, new species 41 Eviota distigma Jordan and Seale 44 Eviota herrei Jordan and Seale 48 Eviota zebrina Lachner and Karnella 51 Eviota spilota, new species 54 Eviota storthynx Rofen 57 Eviota prasites Jordan and Seale 61 Eviota pellucida Larson 63 Eviota indica, new species 65 Eviota saipanensis Fowler 68 Eviota zonura Jordan and Seale 70 Eviota variola, new species 76 Eviota prasina (Klunzinger) 80 Eviota queenslandica Whitley 86 Eviota bimaculata, new species 91 Eviota afelei Jordan and Seale 95 Eviota infulata (Smith) 99 Eviota sebreei Jordan and Seale 101 Eviota lachdeberei Giltay 105 Eviota bifasciata, new species 108 Eviota mgriventris Giltay Ill Relationships 113 Biogeography 114 Appendix: Tables 116 Literature Cited 126 iii Fishes of the Indo-Pacific Genus Eviota with Descriptions of Eight New Species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) Ernest A. Lachner and Susan J. Karnella Introduction and otherwise in a poor state of preservation. Also the descriptive accounts of the nominal species The genus Eviota was described by Jenkins were incomplete and inaccurate, due in part to (1903:501) with E. epiphanes Jenkins representing the small size of these fishes. Counts of the num- the type-species that was taken at Honolulu. At ber of pelvic fin rays were inaccurately recorded, that time there were species described as Eleotris the small fifth ray often overlooked. The cephalic prasina Klunzinger (1871) from the Red Sea and sensory pore system, an important species-group Asterropteryx abax Jordan and Snyder (1901) from characteristic, was omitted from the reported Misaki, Japan, that are now relegated to the data, as well as many other characters that we genus Eviota. Jordan and Seale (1906) described have found to be critical for the interpretation of the largest number of new species in their Samoa the species. Analysis of the type material became report, of which seven of the eight are recognized a major task, often involving careful comparison by us. The first writer began a study of what was of minute patches of faded chromatophores on thought to be a new species of Eviota from the the body of the types with that pattern of fresh Marshall Islands about 20 years ago, with only a collections from or near the type-locality, when- few specimens for study. It was this introduction ever such collections were available. As an ex- to Eviota that led him to believe that the genus ample of the problem in the analysis of type was a relatively discrete group of gobies and not material, we carefully evaluated every specimen particularly speciose. It was soon learned that of the 31 syntypes of Eviota gymnocephalus (Weber there was no adequate set of characters to distin- 1913:452, fig. 87). We found at least five species guish the nominal forms. The National Museum of Eviota and another species of Gobiidae other of Natural History types of Jordan's and Seale's than the genus Eviota (see "Remarks" under E. species were of no special value because they were zonura) in this series, and Weber's specific name greatly faded, the fins were frayed or broken off had to be relegated to the synonymy of E. zonura. In recent years we have acquired great numbers Ernest A. Lachner and Susan J. Karnella, Department of Vertebrate of these tiny fishes, ranging from the Red Sea to Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington, D.C. 20560. the Hawaiian Islands, which facilitated our inter- 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY pretation of the nominal species.
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