Four New Species of Glyphidocera Walsingham, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Autostichidae) from a Primary Dry Forest in Western Mexico
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Four New Species of Glyphidocera Walsingham, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Autostichidae) from a Primary Dry Forest in Western Mexico Author: Adamski, David Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122(3) : 537-546 Published By: Entomological Society of Washington URL: https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.122.3.537 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 122(3), 2020, pp. 537–546 FOUR NEW SPECIES OF GLYPHIDOCERA WALSINGHAM, 1892 (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIOIDEA: AUTOSTICHIDAE) FROM A PRIMARY DRY FOREST IN WESTERN MEXICO DAVID ADAMSKI Department of Entomology; National Museum of Natural History; P.O. Box 37012, MRC–168, NHB-E526; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C. 20013–7012, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.—Four new species of Glyphidocera, Walsingham, 1892, (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Autostichidae) from a primary dry forest in western Mexico are de- scribed and include: G. chamela, new species, G. unam, new species, G. jalisco, new species, and G. occidentalis, new species. Color images of the imagos and illus- trations of the male and female genitalia are provided. Key Words: Adult morphology, New World, taxonomy DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.122.3.537 Species in the genus Glyphidocera characters: male fourth flagellomere Walsingham [1892] are generally small notched; male abdomen usually with moths that vary in forewing ground color squamiform sex scales on intersegmen- from yellowish brown to brown. Only one tal membrane between terga 2–3 and/or species, G. lactiflosella (Chambers, 1878) terga 3–4; sacculus elongate and con- differs by having a white ground color. stricted near midlength of valva, dilated Forewing markings usually include a se- apically forming the cucullus; juxta ries of 1–5 similarly sized spots restricted spatulate; vesica of phallus with at least primarily to the discal cell, but some spe- one large cornutus; a coiled ductus cies lack these spots entirely. Species of ejaculatoris; posterior end of antrum Glyphidocera are known only from the wide, with anterior end constricted; New World (Hodges 1983, Becker, 1984), ductus seminalis coiled from posterior and are more diverse in the Neotropics. end, usually with a coiled and sclero- Eleven species of Glyphidocera occur tized core; corpus bursae with a sclero- from Canada south through the continental tized plate opposite side of inception of United States whereas Costa Rica alone ductus seminalis; and internal wall of harbors at least 90 species (Adamski corpus bursae spinulate on anterior end. 2005). Biology is unknown for all species Hypotheses on relationships of Glyph- except Glyphidocera juniperella Adamski, idocera with other gelechioid taxa have which was described from nursery stock of been varied and a subject of controversy Juniperus horizontalis Moench (Cu- since the genus first was recognized pressaceae) (Adamski and Brown 1987). (Walsingham [1892]). Originally placed Species of Glyphidocera can be rec- in the Gelechiidae (Walsingham [1892]), ognized by the following combination of Glyphidocera later was transferred by Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 1–4. Glyphidocera spp. (holotypes). 1, G. chamela new species. 2, G. unam new species. 3, G. jalisco new species. 4, G. occidentalis new species. Hodges (1978), along with several other (2004) disagree with the placement of orphan genera, to the Symmocinae within Glyphidocera in their respective phyloge- the Blastobasidae. Hodges later (1998) netic classifications. Later Kaila et al. transferred the Symmocinae to the Autos- (2011) and Heikkila¨ et al. (2014) proposed tichidae, except for Glyphidocera, which he phylogenetic classifications that included elevated to family status, as a sister group to Glyphidocera within the Autostichidae, the clade of Chimabachidae, Xyloryctidae, where they currently remain. And Sohn and Elachistidae. Becker (1999) followed et al. (2015) did not include Glyphidocera the classification of Hodges (1998) and in their study, consequently, no collabora- synonomyized Ptilostonychia Walsingham, tive evidence for the above hypotheses was 1911 and Stibarenches Meyrick, 1930 with provided. Glyphidocera. Hodges included Harpa- The purpose of this study is to de- gandra Meyrick, 1918 as a synonym of scribe four new species of Glyphidocera Glyphidocera in 1983, which Becker fol- from western Mexico and to make their lowed in 1984. Kaila (2004) proposed names available in the scientific litera- an alternative phylogenetic classification to ture. Hodges (1998) concluding that Glyph- idocera is part of a monophyly of several MATERIALS AND METHODS taxa within the “Autostichid assemblage,” All specimens for this study were sister to the Xyloryctid assemblage.” Con- collected in 2006 using a sheet and sequently, both Hodges (1998) and Kaila blacklight at sites within the Biological Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington VOLUME 122, NUMBER 3 539 Station of Chamela, a protected, primary along apical margin, inner surface pale dry forest in western Mexico. brown; terminal palpomere brown in- Morphological observations and mea- termixed with a few pale-brown scales, surements of the wings were made us- pale brown apically. Scape of antenna ing a Leitz RS dissecting microscope and several basal flagellomeres beyond a with a calibrated ocular micrometer. notched fourth flagellomere pale brown, Genitalia were dissected as described distal flagellomeres alternating with by Clarke (1941), except Mercurochrome brown and pale brown. Haustellum pale and Chlorazol Black were used as stains. brown. Thorax: Tegula brown inter- The Methuen Handbook of Colour mixed with pale-brown scales. Meso- (Kornerup and Wanscher, 1978) was notum pale brown. Forewing (Fig. 1): used as a color standard. Terminology Length 6.0 mm (n = 1), pale orange in- for the genitalia follows Klots (1970) termixed with sparsely spaced brown and Kristensen (2003), modified by the scales; a faint, pale-brown spot near author. All type specimens are deposited basal 1/3 of cell; fringe pale brown. in the National Museum of Natural His- Undersurface brown with pale brown tory (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, along costa and area between CuP and Washington, DC. posterior margin. Hindwings translucent pale brown. Forecoxa brown, pale brown apically; tibia brown intermixed with a RESULTS few pale-brown scales; basal tarsomeres Glyphidocera chamela Adamski, brown, distal tarsomeres gradually new species brightening to pale brown; midleg and hindleg brown intermixed with pale- http://zoobank.org/456A2034-C287- brown scales; basal tarsomeres brown, 46B0-A217-C229C116670E distal tarsomeres gradually brightening (Figs. 1, 5–7) to pale brown. Abdomen (Fig. 5): Male intersegmental membrane between terga Diagnosis.—Glyphidocera chamela is 2–3 bearing 4 irregular rows of sex most similar to G. unam by sharing; an scales and intersegmental membrane uncus with an acuminate apex, a trun- between terga 3–4 bearing 3 irregular cated apex of the gnathos, a falcate apex rows of sex scales. Male Genitalia (Figs. of the valval costa, and a spinulate vesica 6–7): Uncus wide basally, gradually bearing a large conical cornutus. How- narrowed distally, parallel-sided through- ever, Glyphidocera chamela differs from out most of length, gradually narrowing to G. unam by having sex scales on the an acuminate apex. Gnathos wide, curved intersegmental membrane between terga posteriorly, apically truncate. Dorsal strut 2–3 and 3–4 in the male, a dorsal strut of tegumen elongate, with short arms ex- that extends to the base of the uncus, a tending to base of uncus, longer arms narrower uncus, a broader and longer forming dorsoanterior margins of genital gnathos, and an apically wider costa. capsule. Valva with base of costa bearing a Description.—Adult. Head: Vertex digitate process, gradually widening to a brown intermixed with a few brown falcate apex; costal and saccular part of scales tipped with pale brown. Fronto- valva connected by a narrow membra- clypeus pale brown. Outer surface of nous area; sacculus elongate, broadly second