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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication A preliminary report on butterfly fauna (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, China
Yik Fui Philip Lo & Zheng Bi
12 September 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 11 | Pages: 14452–14470 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4443.11.11.14452-14470 Monograph
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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14452–14470
A preliminary report on butterfly fauna
Communication (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Tengchong Section of
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, China ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Yik Fui Philip Lo 1 & Zheng Bi 2 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1 Kadoorie Conservaton China, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China. 2 Yunnan Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau), 157 Laifeng Avenue, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected]
Abstract: The buterfy fauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, western Yunnan, China was investgated during a series of feld surveys conducted between April 2014 and May 2018. A total of 216 buterfy species were recorded (Hesperiidae 41, Papilionidae 20, Pieridae 21, Lycaenidae 45, and Nymphalidae 89), of which 179 represent new records for Tengchong. Signifcant fndings include paratype materials of a recently described genus and a subspecies, respectvely, as well as three natonal and fve provincial new records. Several obscure species were rediscovered during the survey, including two taxa that have not been recorded since their descriptons, Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949 and Thoressa pedla pedla (Evans, 1956). The result of the survey is presented herein with notes on some litle-known species. Additonally, past records on Tengchong buterfy fauna were reviewed and a name is treated as nomen nudum.
Keywords: Eastern Himalaya, Hengduan Mountains, Kachin, Myanmar, natonal new records, western Yunnan.
DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4443.11.11.14452-14470 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6140D363-33DC-43B9-AC6C-A39D2E343214
Editors: Adam Coton & Shao-ji Hu (Pierce), Yunnan University, Kunming, China. Date of publicaton: 12 September 2019 (online & print)
Manuscript details: #4443 | Received 27 July 2018 | Final received 09 July 2019 | Finally accepted 16 July 2019
Citaton: Lo, Y.F.P. & Z. Bi (2019). A preliminary report on buterfy fauna (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(11): 14452–14470. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4443.11.11.14452-14470
Copyright: © Lo & Bi 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.
Funding: This study is funded by Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden.
Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.
Author details: Yik Fui Philip Lo: Senior Conservaton Ofcer, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; Fellow, Royal Entomological Society. Zheng Bi: Director, Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau)
Author contributon: YFLP conceived, designed and performed the analysis, and wrote the paper. Both authors collected and contributed data.
Acknowledgements: We thank Yu-Feng Hsu (Natonal Taiwan Normal University, Taipei), Li-Wei Wu (Natonal Taiwan University, Nantou) and Zhihua Zhang (Dongfang Forestry Department, Hainan) for taking part in some surveys. Xiang-Yuan Huang, Xing-Chao Zhang (TC-GLGS), Fei Li, Gang Lu, Chi Fung Mak and Bosco Chan (KFBG) provided their photo records. Motoki Saito (The Buterfy Society of Japan, Tokyo) provided reprints of Kachin survey reports. We are also grateful to the management of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve for grantng permission to conduct the survey and providing essental assistance on our feld works.
14452 Buterfy fauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Lo & Bi
INTRODUCTION & Duan (2016) described a new Lethe species from Tengchong. A further seven satyrid buterfy species Gaoligongshan (hereafer GLGS) is a mountain range from the subtribe Lethina were reported in Tengchong that runs north-south along the border between Kachin by Lang (2017). By 2017, 51 species of buterfy were State (Myanmar) and western Yunnan (China). GLGS documented for Tengchong, which likely underestmated part of the Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China, the rich biodiversity of this area. To update this and is well known for rich and unique biodiversity. The informaton, a series of joint biodiversity surveys were southern part of GLGS was designated a nature reserve organized by Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) in 1986 and recognized as a biosphere reserve in 2000 and the Tengchong Bureau of Gaoligongshan Natonal (UNESCO 2007), and the Tengchong secton is located on Nature Reserve during 2014–2018. The survey results the western slope of the reserve. For administratve and for buterfy fauna are presented herein, with a checklist geographic details see Chan et al. (2019, this issue). and notes on selected species of special interest. Tengchong was the frst area in GLGS to be explored by western zoologists, when Britsh zoologist John Anderson made a collectng expediton in Daying River METHODS and Tengchong of western Yunnan in 1868. One-hundred- and-eighteen buterfy species were collected during the Study areas expediton, including three new species described by Surveys were conducted primarily in the Tengchong Atkinson (1871) (Anderson 1878). Since detailed locality Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve informaton was not provided in Anderson’s report, (hereafer TC-GLGS) including all six management it is not possible to distnguish Tengchong material sectons (from south to north: Zhengding, Dahaoping, from the rest of his collecton. Following Anderson’s Qushi, Jietou, Datang and Zizhi). In additon, lower- exploraton, a number of naturalists visited GLGS in the elevaton forests of Laifengshan Natonal Forest Park early 20th Century, but their works contributed litle to and the protected riparian forest along Longchuan the knowledge of buterfy fauna of the region. River were also surveyed. Fieldwork covered elevatons Startng from the 1970s, GLGS has been frequently between 1,300m and 2,800m and was conducted during visited by Chinese and Japanese entomologists. The March to October, which is expected to cover the fight exceptonally high species richness of buterfies was periods of most buterfy species in the region. A total gradually revealed with the descripton of a number of 57.5 man-days were spent from April 2014 to May of new taxa (e.g., Yoshino 1995, 1997, 1999, 2008; 2018; survey details are shown in Table 1. For detail Huang 2001, 2002, 2003). Most eforts were focused informaton on geography, vegetaton and habitat of the on the Nujiang (Salween River) Valley on the eastern study area, please refer to Chan et al. (2019, this issue). slope of the mountain range, and the buterfy fauna of Tengchong on the western slope of GLGS received less Survey methods atenton and was not comprehensively documented. Daytme surveys were conducted in a variety of It was only briefy investgated during the Yunnan habitats when weather conditons were favourable forest pest survey from 1979 to 1982 organized by the for buterfy actvity (non-rainy, temperature >20°C) Yunnan Provincial Department of Forestry, which listed along roads and major forest trails throughout the 482 buterfy species for Yunnan Province, of which 32 study areas, using standard 42cm diameter insect nets were recorded from Tengchong (Lee & Cao 1987). The to collect adult buterfies (superfamily Papilionoidea), discovery of Neorina neosinica Lee, 1985, an astonishing partcular atenton was paid at mud-puddling sites and satyrid buterfy, was perhaps the most notable fnding spots of nectar source. Some individuals were retained in Tengchong from that study. Lee (1995) & Xue (1995) as voucher materials or for identfcaton purpose. basically adopted the informaton in Lee & Cao (1987). Duplicate material that could be readily identfed in the Since 2000, several more buterfy species were feld was released immediately afer recording. Larvae added to the Tengchong list following taxonomic works were also recorded opportunistcally by examinaton on partcular groups. Three skipper species of the genus of potental host plants. Verifed photo records of Thoressa were reported in Tengchong in a study of the important species taken by other members of KFBG and tribe Aeromachini from China (Huang 2009). Meanwhile, TC-GLGS were also included in the list. Xue (2009) listed four additonal skipper species from the same area in a study of Chinese Hesperiidae. Lang
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Table 1. Survey sites and dates of this study (southern Tengchong Regarding species richness at genus level, the most includes Zhengding, Dahaoping and Qushi sectons of TC-GLGS; speciose genus was Lethe (Nymphalidae) with 16 species northern Tengchong includes Jietou, Datang and Zizhi sectons of TC- GLGS). recorded in the study area. Papilio (Papilionidae) and
Date Survey sites Man-day Nepts (Nymphalidae) were the second and third richest genera represented by nine and eight species, April 2014 Southern Tengchong, northern 4.5 Tengchong, Laifengshan respectvely. In additon, 10 genera in which at least September 2014 Southern Tengchong, northern 6.0 four species each were recorded in the present survey Tengchong (Table 2). May 2015 Southern Tengchong, northern 10.0 Tengchong July–August 2015 Southern Tengchong, northern 18.0 Conservaton status Tengchong, Laifengshan Two species, Troides aeacus and Bhutanits lidderdalii March 2016 Northern Tengchong 1.0 (Papilionidae), are listed on Appendix II of the Conventon May 2016 Northern Tengchong, Longchuan River 4.0 on Internatonal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild June 2017 Southern Tengchong, northern 11.0 Tengchong, Laifengshan, Longchuan Fauna and Flora (CITES), meaning that internatonal River trade is regulated. The global conservaton status of May 2018 Northern Tengchong 3.0 most Tengchong species have not been evaluated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2017) except Troides aeacus (Papilionidae), Ancema ctesia, and Dodona eugenes (Lycaenidae), which are listed as Near Identfcaton Threatened (NT). Meanwhile, seven and 20 species have Voucher materials were pinned and mounted in been evaluated as Vulnerable (VU) and Near Threatened laboratory and a temporary catalogue number was (NT), respectvely, by the China Species Red List (Wang & assigned for each pinned specimen. A variety of Xie 2005). None of the buterfy species from Tengchong references were used for identfcaton (e.g., Evans are included in the Lists of Wildlife under Special State 1949; Eliot & Kawazoe 1983; Chiba & Tsukiyama 1996; Protecton (conventonally known as China State Key Koiwaya 2007; Huang 2009; Lang 2012, 2017; Wu & Protected Animal List in literature, e.g., Smith & Xie Hsu 2017). Higher classifcaton arrangement follows 2008), which is in need of revision. Hsu et al. (2017). For species groups that are difcult to identfy superfcially, such as members of the family Notable fndings Hesperiidae and the genus Ypthima, male genitalia were One-hundred-and-seventy-nine species are new also examined by dissecton following the protocol of records for Tengchong. Many of these species are Hsu (2015). known from adjacent areas and their occurrence in Tengchong was expected. Nevertheless, substantal range extensions of some taxa were observed, including RESULTS three natonal and six provincial new records, and several rare and obscure species were rediscovered. Detailed Buterfy species richness informaton of these, and notes on other species of A total of 216 buterfy species were recorded in special interest, are provided in the following species the survey, and these species belong to fve families: accounts. Hesperiidae (41 species); Papilionidae (20 species); Pieridae (21 species); Lycaenidae (45 species); and Selected species accounts Nymphalidae (89 species). Of the recorded species, 179 Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949 (Image 1) species were hitherto undocumented for Tengchong New species record for China County. Some of the materials collected from the This is an obscure species that has not been recorded present study have been illustrated in Wu & Hsu (2017), since its original descripton. The records in Igarashi & and live adult photographs of selected species are Fukuda (2000) and Gogoi (2013) were misidentfcatons illustrated by Lo (2016). A list of the buterfy species of other species, probably C. leucocera (Kollar, [1844]). collected in the present survey is provided in Appendix The male genital structure of the Tengchong materials 1. For reference purpose, a list of buterfies that were agrees with the descripton and illustraton in Evans recorded in Tengchong in earlier studies but absent in (1949). This species was previously only known from the present survey is listed in Appendix 2. India’s Naga Hills, Manipur, and Sikkim (Evans 1949);
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Table 2. The 13 most speciose buterfy genera and their associated habitat preference in Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China.
Number of % of total Habitat Higher classifcaton Genus species recorded species associaton
Nymphalidae: Satyrinae Lethe 16 7.41% Forest
Papilionidae: Papilioninae Papilio 9 4.17% Forest
Nymphalidae: Limenitdinae Nepts 8 3.70% Forest
Nymphalidae: Satyrinae Ypthima 7 3.24% Forest
Lycaenidae: Riodininae Dodona 6 2.78% Forest
Nymphalidae: Satyrinae Neope 5 2.31% Forest
Pieridae: Pierinae Pieris 5 2.31% Open
Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae Thoressa 5 2.31% Forest
Lycaenidae: Lycaeninae Chrysozephyrus 4 1.85% Forest
Nymphalidae: Satyrinae Mycalesis 4 1.85% Forest
Nymphalidae: Limenitdinae Euthalia 4 1.85% Forest
Lycaenidae: Lycaeninae Heliophorus 4 1.85% Open
Papilionidae: Papilioninae Byasa 4 1.85% Forest
the present discovery suggests that C. morena may sunlight, ofen fy swifly close to the ground and gather also occur in similar habitat of northern Myanmar. A at puddles. univoltne species was recorded only in July and August. Adults have typical behavior of the genus and ofen Polytremis gotama Sugiyama, 1999 (Image 5) occur concurrently with C. ratna nujiangensis Huang, This is a poorly known skipper species that was 2001. thought to be confned to the east of the upper Mekong River (also known as Lancangjiang in China) in Ochlodes brahma (Moore, 1878) (Image 2) northwestern Yunnan (Sugiyama 1999; Fan 2006; Xue New species record for China 2009; Zhu 2012). The result of this study extends the This is primarily a Himalayan species with a disjunct range of this rare species to the Irrawaddy Basin on the populaton in northern Thailand (Chiba & Tsukiyama western slopes of GLGS. Males fy close to the ground 1996). The present discovery flls the distributon gap of and frequently perch on blades of tall grasses. the species. Graphium mandarinus stlwelli Coton & Hu, 2018 Thoressa pedla pedla (Evans, 1956) (Image 3) (Image 6) This taxon was described based on a unique male A recently described taxon from western Yunnan collected in Yunnan by well-known Britsh botanist and northern Myanmar (Hu et al. 2018). Two of the George Forrest in 1918 without detailed locality males collected in the present survey in Tengchong were informaton (Evans 1956). This mysterious skipper was designated as part of the paratypes. It is a univoltne rediscovered recently in Tengchong by two diferent species occurring in May. groups (Huang & Wang 2016; Lo 2016). A univoltne species which only occurs in May. Males are swif fyers Dodona kaolinkon Yoshino, 1999 (Image 7) and ofen gather at puddles with other congeneric Another poorly known species confned to GLGS. All species. previous records were restricted to the Nujiang Valley on the eastern slope (Yoshino 1999) and the materials Tsukiyamaia albimacula Zhu, Chiba & Wu, 2016 (Image collected in the present study represent the frst record 4) on the western slope of GLGS in the Irrawaddy Basin. It A species of a recently established monotypic genus, is a bivoltne species with adults being recorded in May described by materials from northern Myanmar, GLGS and September. Males ofen fy with congeneric species and northern Vietnam (Zhu et al. 2016). One of the along forest paths, setling on ground for long periods or males collected from the present survey in TC-GLGS was puddling on moist surfaces in groups. designated as a paratype. Males are actve under strong
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Image 1. Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949. © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Image 2. Ochlodes brahma (Moore, 1878). © Yik Fui Philip Lo.
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Image 3. Thoressa pedla pedla (Evans, 1956). © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Image 4. Tsukiyamaia albimacula Zhu, Chiba & Wu, 2016. © Yik Fui Philip Lo.
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Image 5. Polytremis gotama Sugiyama, 1999. © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Image 6. Graphium mandarinus stlwelli Coton & Hu, 2018. © Yik Fui Philip Lo.
1cm 1cm Image 8. Oreolyce vardhana nepalica (Forster, 1980). © Yik Fui Philip Image 7. Dodona kaolinkon Yoshino, 1999. © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Lo.
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Oreolyce vardhana nepalica (Forster, 1980) (Image 8) has only been recorded twice in Laos (D’ Abrera 1985: This taxon was once considered a Nepal endemic two males) and Vietnam (Monastyrskii 2005: 1 male). (Eliot & Kawazoe 1983) untl Huang (2003) reported its No specimen was collected in the present survey and presence in China, based on a single female collected the record is based on an unequivocal photograph taken on the eastern slope of GLGS. Three males collected in in southern Tengchong at an elevaton of 1,900m in June northern Tengchong in this study represent the second 2018. record in China and an adult of Chinese material is illustrated here for the frst tme. Neorina hilda Westwood, [1850] (Image 13) New species record for Yunnan Province Heliophorus tamu kala Tytler, 1912 (Image 9) An eastern Himalayan species, recorded in New species record for Yunnan Province southeastern Tibet (Motuo area) by Evans (1915). It A Himalayan species distributed from Nepal to was also found in Kachin State of northern Myanmar northern Myanmar (Yago 2002). The presence of this recently (Shizuya et al. 2005a). The males collected in species in China was frst reported by Evans (1915) the present study are the frst record of this species in from southeastern Tibet (Motuo area). Three males Yunnan Province. A univoltne species which occurs in collected in this study represent the easternmost global summer, and is rare throughout its range. distributon and the frst record of the species in Yunnan Province of China. Symbrenthia doni Tytler, 1940 (Image 14) New species record for Yunnan Province Chrysozephyrus vitatus phoopan Koiwaya, 2002 This Himalayan species was formerly regarded (Image 10) as a subspecies of S. brabira, a widespread Oriental New subspecies record for China species, and all previous Chinese records were confned The single male from Tengchong agrees well with to southeastern Tibet (Motuo area) (Huang 1998: as ssp. phoopan, a taxon previously only known from S. dalailama; Lang, 2012). The material collected in northern Laos (Koiwaya 2007). The other subspecies this study represents the frst record of this species in known to occur in China, originally described as ssp. Yunnan Province and the easternmost distributon of the yamanakai Fujioka, 2003 upon materials from Sichuan, species. was synonymized with akikoae Morita, 2002 by Koiwaya (2007). Kallima knyveti de Nicéville, 1886 (Image 15) New species record for Yunnan Province Lethe brisanda de Nicéville, 1886 (Image 11) There was confusion on the true identty of the New species record for Yunnan Province Kallima with blue bands on wings in China and two All previous records of this species in China were names, knyveti de Nicéville, 1886 and alompra restricted to the Motuo area of southeastern Tibet Moore, 1879 have been adopted in earlier studies (e.g., (Evans 1915; Huang 2000; Lang 2017; Wu 2017). The Huang 2000; Lang 2012) with all records restricted male collected in the present survey was the frst reliable to southeastern Tibet (Motuo area). Küppers (2015) record of this species in Yunnan. The Yunnan material clarifed that the “blue” Kallima in southeastern Tibet illustrated in Chou (1994) (as L. insana brisanda) was should be called K. knyveti, while K. alompra is a junior actually a misidentfcaton of another undetermined synonym of K. horsfeldii (Kollar, 1844) which has not taxon. been recorded in China. The male collected in present study is the frst Chinese record outside Tibet. Lethe tengchongensis Lang, 2016 (Image 12) This is a recently described species endemic to Tengchong (Lang & Duan 2016, present study). A DISCUSSION univoltne species which occurs only from August to September. They ofen fy near understorey bamboo The primary purpose of the present study is to assess growth and have typical behavior of the genus. the species richness of buterfy fauna in TG-GLGS. Survey efort was uneven at diferent sites which prevents Neorina neosinica Lee, 1985 (Image 16) rigorous comparison of species assemblages or relatve With Tengchong as the type locality, this obscure species diversity along lattude and alttude. In general, species, apart from its original descripton (Lee 1985), the survey sites along the main ridge of GLGS support
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1cm 1cm Image 10. Chrysozephyrus vitatus phoopan Koiwaya, 2002. © Yik Fui Image 9. Heliophorus tamu kala Tytler, 1912. © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Philip Lo.
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Image 11. Lethe brisanda de Nicéville, 1886. © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Image 12. Lethe tengchongensis Lang, 2016. © Yik Fui Philip Lo.
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Image 13. Neorina hilda Westwood, [1850]. © Yik Fui Philip Lo. Image 14. Symbrenthia doni Tytler, 1940. © Yik Fui Philip Lo.
more buterfy species than the enclaves, probably due to have univoltne populatons in Tengchong that can to diferences in habitat quality and alttude range. only be observed in well-defned, usually short, periods Although the results of this survey have expanded the of a year. With succession of buterfy assemblages species list of Tengchong buterfies by over three-fold, it throughout the warmer seasons, many species may should not be treated as a comprehensive inventory of have been overlooked in this survey. Such actvity the buterfy fauna of the area. The fight period of adult patern increases the difculty to assess the true species buterfies in TG-GLGS is characterized by pronounced richness of GLGS because considerable survey efort seasonality which complicates survey efciency. In fact, will be needed in order to cover the fight seasons of more than one-third of the recorded species appear all buterfy species. Another limitaton of the present
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Table 3. Examples of TC-GLGS buterfy taxa confned to the western slope of GLGS and eastern Himalaya.
Scientfc name Sources Hesperiidae Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949 Evans 1949 Sebastonyma dolopia medoensis Lee, 1979 Huang 2009 Lycaenidae Huang 2000; Yago Heliophorus tamu (Kollar, 1844) 2002 Nymphalidae Lethe brisanda de Nicéville, 1886 Lang 2016 Neorina hilda Westwood, [1850] Huang 2000 Huang 1998; Lang Symbrenthia doni Tytler, 1940 2012 Image 15. Kallima knyveti de Nicéville, 1886. © Yu Feng Hsu. Lang 2012; Kallima knyveti de Nicéville, 1886 Küppers 2015
eastern extension of the Himalaya and its western slope is categorized as part of the Himalayan southern slope region (Zhao 1986). Although majority of Tengchong buterfies are typical northern Indochina-southwestern China fauna, the present study reveals that it supports a number of taxa that are confned to the western slope of GLGS and eastern Himalaya, but absent in the rest of China (Table 3). Tengchong therefore represents the eastern distributon limit for many species of their global ranges. TC-GLGS supports a large number of forest-associated Image 16. Neorina neosinica Lee, 1985. © Zheng Bi. and shade-loving species (Table 2), indicatng the area supports intact forest habitat. Many areas with old- growth forest in TC-GLGS have extensive understorey of dwarf bamboo, mainly in the genus Fargesia (Xue, 1995). survey was that habitats at higher alttude (>2,800m) Exceptonally high diversity of the subfamily Satyrinae were not covered because of accessibility constraints. is noteworthy, especially the genus Lethe, which is To improve the completeness of the buterfy inventory, bamboo-associated and the most speciose genus of future feldwork should be conducted during periods the area (16 species, Table 2), including the Tengchong not covered by this survey, and sampling of the buterfy endemic L. tengchongensis. A similar patern was also communites in sub-alpine habitats is necessary. observed in neighbouring Kachin State of northern Given its high elevaton, Tengchong has a more Myanmar (Shizuya et al. 2005a,b). The tribe Aeromachini temperate climatc patern than subtropical lowland of the Hesperiidae family is another bamboo-associated at similar lattude. Species assemblage of Tengchong group that has high species richness in the study areas, buterfies also show similar tendency as it is dominated comprising fve genera and 11 species, including one by Oriental montane species intermixed with some endemic subspecies (Thoressa pedla pedla), which is not Palearctc representatves. Meanwhile, a few tropical unexpected as the Hengduan Mountains is recognized species also penetrate into the area; they are either as one of the centers of speciaton for the tribe (Huang restricted to lower elevatons at the protected riparian 2009). Tengchong is also home to many rare and forest along Longchuan River, or are well-known obscure species, some are already mentoned in the migrants (e.g., Appias spp. & Catopsilia pomona) which species account in the present paper, which further probably stray from the Irrawaddy lowlands. demonstrated the importance of TC-GLGS in conserving Geographically, GLGS can be considered as an the unique biodiversity of the region.
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With only 29 of the Tengchong species evaluated, Eliot, J.N. & A. Kawazoe (1983). Blue buterfies of the Lycaenopsis existng internatonal and natonal conservaton group. Britsh Museum (Natural History), London, 309pp. Fan, X.L. (2006). Taxonomy of Hesperiinae and Molecular Phylogeny assessments (Wang & Xie 2005; The IUCN Red List of of the tribe Gegenini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from China. PhD Threatened Species 2017) are insufcient to refect the Thesis. South China Agricultural University, 213pp. Gogoi, M.J. (2013). Notes on some skipper buterfies (Lepidoptera: current conservaton status of buterfies in Tengchong. Hesperiidae) from Panbari Forest and its adjoining areas, Kaziranga- To identfy special conservaton needs for Tengchong Karbi Anglong, upper Assam, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa buterfies, especially those with highly restricted 5(13): 4759–4768. htps://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3340.4759-68 Hsu, Y.F. (2015). A new species of Shaanxiana (Lepidoptera: distributon range, it is recommended to invest targeted Lycaenidae) from southern China. Zootaxa 4027(1): 130–134. eforts to assess their current status. It should be noted htps://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4027.1.6 that there have been considerable taxonomic changes Hsu, Y.F., J.Q. Zhu & Y. F.P. Lo (2017). The Checklist of Chinese Buterfies. The Straits Publishing House, Fuzhou, 30pp. on those evaluated species since the last assessment of Hu, S.H., A.M. Coton, F.L. Condamine, K. Duan, R.J, Wang, Y.F. the China Species Red List in 2005, assessment updates Hsu, X. Zhang & J. Cao. (2018). Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: following these taxonomic changes are necessary. the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) group, with treatments of known taxa and descriptons of new species and new Meanwhile, according to the defniton proposed by subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Zootaxa 4441(3): 401–446. Collins & Morris (1985), Bhutanits lidderdalii and Huang, H. (1998). Research on the buterfies of the Namjagbarwa several other members of Papilionidae occurring in Region, S.E. Tibet. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 41: 207–263. Huang, H. (2000). A list of buterfies collected from Tibet During Tengchong are potental targets of “low volume/ high 1993–1996 with new descriptons, revisional notes and discussion value” trade. These large and showy buterfies are on zoogeography (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) (part 1). Lambillionea 100(1): 141–158. popular items among collectors and over-collectng Huang, H. (2001). Report of H. Huang’s 2000 Expediton to SE. Tibet for is a potental threat. Although no sign of commercial Rhopalocera. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 51: 65–151. harvestng was detected in the study areas during the Huang, H. (2002). Some new nymphalids from the valleys of Nujiang and Dulongjiang, China. Atalanta 33(3/4): 339–360. survey, any unauthorized collectng actvity should be Huang, H. (2003). A list of buterfies collected from Nujiang (Lou Tse closely monitored and regulated by the authority. Kiang) and Dulongjiang, China with descriptons of new species, new subspecies, and revisional notes. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 55: 3–114. Huang, H. (2009). Systematc and Taxonomic Study on the Tribe REFERENCES Aeromachini Tut (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from China. MPhil Thesis. Shanghai Normal University, 175pp. Anderson, J. (1878). Anatomical and zoological researches: comprising Huang, H. & C.H. Wang (2016). Rediscovery of Thoressa pedla (Evans, an account of the zoological results of the two expeditons to 1957) and Thoressa yingqii Huang, 2011 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a monograph of the two Atalanta 47: 211–215. cetacean genera, Platanista and Orcella. B. Quaritch, London. 2 Igarashi, S. & H. Fukuda (2000). The Life Histories of Asian Buterfies. vols., xxv-l-985pp., xi-I-84pp. Vol. 2. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. 711pp. Atkinson, W.S. (1871). Descripton of three new species of diurnal The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2017). Version 2017-3. Lepidoptera from western Yunnan collected by Dr. Anderson in
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on buterfies of Kachin State, Myanmar (Part 2). Buterlfes 39: Xue, J.R. (1995). Gaoligong Mountain Natonal Natural Reserve. China 29–39. Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. Shizuya, H., Y. Watanabe, M. Saito & T. Soe (2005b). Basic informaton Yago, M. (2002). Comparatve morphology and identfcaton of the on buterfies of Kachin State, Myanmar (Part 3). Buterlfes 40: subgenus Kulua, with descripton of a new species from Vietnam 38–46. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Heliophorus). Tijdschrif Voor Entomologie Smith, T. & Y. Xie (2008). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton 145: 145–171. University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 544pp. Yoshino, K. (1995). New Buterfies from China. Neo Lepidoptera 1: Sugiyama, H. (1999). New buterfies from western China (VI). Pallarge 1–4. 7: 1–14. Yoshino, K. (1997). New Buterfies from China 2. Neo Lepidoptera 2: UNESCO (2007). The MAB Programme, UNESCO – MAB Biosphere 1–8. Reserves Directory, Biosphere Reserve Informaton, China, Yoshino, K. (1999). New Buterfies from China 5. Neo Lepidoptera 4: Gaoligong Mountain. Downloaded from htp://www.unesco.org/ 1–10. mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=CPR+18&mode=all on Yoshino, K. (2008). New species and new subspecies of Lethe from 19 June 2018. Myanmar, China and Vietnam. Futao 54: 9–14. Wang, S. & Y. Xie (eds) (2005). China Species Red List, Vol. III Zhao, S.Q. (1986). Physical Geography of China. Science Press and Invertebrates. Higher Educaton Press, Beijing, 891pp. John Wiley, Beijing and New York, 221pp. Wu, C.H. & Y.F. Hsu (eds) (2017). Buterfies of China. The Straits Zhu, J.Q. (2012). A Taxonomy Study on the tribe Baorini Doherty, 1886 Publishing House, Fuzhou, 2036pp. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) of China. MPhil Thesis. Wu, Z.J. (2017). Lethe, pp. 441–493. In: Wu, C.H. & Y.F. Hsu (eds), Shanghai Normal University, 132pp. Buterfies of China. The Straits Publishing House, Fuzhou, 2036pp. Zhu, J.Q., H. Chiba & L.W. Wu (2016). Tsukiyamaia, a new genus of the Xue, G.X. (2009). Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Hesperiidae tribe Baorini (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Zookeys 555: (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidae) from China. PhD Thesis. Northwest 37–55. htps://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6144 Agriculture and Forestry University, 529pp.
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p.1309, fg.18 p.1401, fg.11-12 Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.1318, fg.15 p.1318, fg.14 p.1327, fg.05 New to China to New Notes cNT New to China to New
X
√ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ √ √ √ √ IV
√ III
OS
RPF
√ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC Huang, 2001 Felder 1862 Felder (Murray, 1875) (Murray, (Moore, 1865) (Moore, Moore, 1878 Moore, (Oberthur, 1891) (Oberthur, Lee, 1962 Fruhstorfer, 1911 Fruhstorfer, (Evans,1949) Evans, 1949 Evans, Oberthur, 1921 Oberthur, (Moore, 1884) (Moore, de Nicéville, 1889 de Nicéville, (Mabille, 1876) (Moore, 1878) (Moore, (Oberthür, 1896) (Oberthür, Carterocephalus alcinoides Carterocephalus Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Coeliadinae 1932 Evans, indica Hasora vita 1896 Oberthür, Coladenia maeniata bicolor Barca Ochlodes brahma (Oberthür, 1886) (Oberthür, Ochlodes thibetana Capila pieridoides Hesperiinae Ochlodes bouddha Notocrypta feisthamelii alysos feisthamelii Notocrypta HESPERIIDAE Hasora taminatus bhavara Hasora taminatus Hasora anura Notocrypta curvifascia curvifascia curvifascia curvifascia Notocrypta Gerosis sinica narada Gerosis sinica Evans, 1949 Evans, Gerosis phisara rex Pyrgus maculatus thibetanus Celaenorrhinus ratna nujiangensis Celaenorrhinus morena (Mabille, 1876) Celaenorrhinus tbetana ouvrardi zulla Satarupa Pseudocoladenia dan fabia Pseudocoladenia 1949) (Evans, festa Pseudocoladenia Choaspes benjaminii japonicus Pyrginae Heteropterinae Appendix 1. Buterfies recorded during the present survey in Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve. Nature Natonal Secton of Gaoligongshan in Tengchong survey during the present recorded Appendix 1. Buterfies Locatons: STC = Zhengding, Dahaoping and Qushi sectons of TC-GLGS; NTC = Jietou, Datang and Zizhi sectons of TC-GLGS; LFS = Laifengshan Natonal Forest Park; RPF = Protected riparian OS = Other sites. River; Longchuan forest along Vulnerable = cVU List, Red Species China in Concern Least = cLC status: Conservaton 2017; Lang, = 6 2009, Xue = 5 2009, Huang = 4 1995, Xue = 3 1995, Lee = 2 1987, Cao & Lee = 1 records: Historical Notes: Appendix II. and Flora, Species of Wild Fauna in Endangered Trade on Internatonal II = The Conventon CITES List; Concern in IUCN Red = Least LC List; in China Species Red
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Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.1358, fg.13 p.1358, fg.09 p.1354, fg.03 p.1365, fg.03 p.54, fg.07 p.1361, fg.15 p.60, fg.20 p.66, fg.05 p.1356, fg.59 p.1428, fg.05 p.1433, fg.12 p.69, fg.12 p.80, fg.07 p.125, fg.22; p.126, fg.23-24 cVU, CITES II CITES cVU, II ,CITES LC cNT, Notes cVU 4 4 4 5 5 cVU
X
√ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ √ √ √ IV
III
OS
√ √ √ RPF
√ √ √ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC Huang, 2003
Lee, 1979 Stchel, 1907 Huang, 2003 Huang, 2003 (Oberthur, 1920) (Oberthur, Zhu, Chiba & Wu, 2016 Zhu, Chiba & Wu, Linnaeus, 1758 (Hewitson, 1869) (Hewitson, Tytler, 1939 Tytler, (Evans, 1932) (Evans, (C. & R. Felder, 1860) (C. & R. Felder, (Evans, 1956) (Evans, (South, 1914) (Moore, 1878) (Moore, Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Parnassiinae lidderdalii spinosa Bhutanits aeacus Troides Papilioninae 1923 tytleri Evans, plutonius Byasa Evans, 1941 Evans, torus Erionota Halpe sp. 1 Halpe sp. 2 Sovia separata magna separata Sovia grahami miliaohuae Sovia Aeromachus catocyanea amplifascia Aeromachus catocyanea Thoressa pedla Thoressa gupta nujiangensis Thoressa gupta (Doubleday, 1842) (Doubleday, polyeuctes polyeuctes Byasa (de Niceville, 1885) (de Niceville, Thoressa pandita (Evans, 1937) Thoressa serena (Evans, Byasa dasarada ouvrardi Byasa (Tytler, 1939) (Tytler, latreillei tcona Byasa Sebastonyma dolopia medoensis Sebastonyma Thoressa baileyi Tsukiyamaia albimacula Tsukiyamaia (Evans, 1914) trachala tytleri (Evans, Potanthus micropunctata Huang, 2003 micropunctata cf. Polytremis Sugiyama, 1999 Sugiyama, gotama Polytremis Polytremis eltola eltola eltola Polytremis Evans, 1949 Evans, bata Parnara bada Parnara PAPILIONIDAE Gray, 1831 Gray, agestor agestor Papilio Papilio bootes mindoni bootes Papilio Papilio helenus Papilio
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Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.343, fg.15-16 p.161, fg.05 p.136, fg.09-10; p.137, fg.11 p.395, fg.09-10 p.163, fg.09 p.185, fg.09 p.212, fg.03 p.230, fg.12 p.390, fg.11 p.362, fg.08 1 2 3 Notes 1 2 3 cNT 1 2 3 1 2 3 cNT cNT 1 2 3 1 2 3
√ X
√ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IV
√ √ III
√ √ OS
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ RPF
√ √ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC Coton & Hu, 2018 Coton Linnaeus, 1758 (Fruhstorfer, 1909) (Fruhstorfer, (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, (Doubleday, 1842) (Doubleday, Jordan, 1925 Jordan, Gray, 1846 Gray, Tytler, 1939 Tytler, Westwood, 1842 Westwood, Fruhstorfer, 1910 Fruhstorfer, Fruhstorfer, 1910 Fruhstorfer, (Moore, [1879]) (Moore, Talbot, 1939 Talbot, Mell, 1943 (Tytler, 1912) (Tytler, indistncta Fruhstorfer, 1907 verityi Fruhstorfer, Linnaeus, 1767 (Wallace, 1867) (Wallace, (Wallace, 1867) (Wallace, blanda silhetana Eurema Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Pierinae Delias belladonna hedybia pomona Catopsilia Cramer, 1775 Cramer, protenor protenor Papilio xuthus Papilio Papilio arcturus Papilio Tytler, 1939 Tytler, Delias berinda cooperi perspicua Delias sanaca Fruhstorfer, [1902] Fruhstorfer, bianor gladiator Papilio Tytler, 1939 Tytler, Aporia agathon bifurcata Papilio krishna thawgawa Papilio (de Nicéville, 1900) paracraea (de Nicéville, Aporia harrietae Papilio machaon Papilio Graphium sarpedon Graphium mandarinus stlwelli Lamproptera meges Lamproptera 1841 Westwood, cloanthus Graphium cloanthus Meandrusa lachinus aribbas PIERIDAE (Oberthur, 1886) (Oberthur, Aporia goutellei thestylis Prioneris thestylis Pieris brassicae nepalensis Pieris brassicae Pieris rapae yunnana Evans, 1926 Evans, indica Pieris canidia Pieris extansa bhutya Pieris extansa Ménétriés, 1857 Ménétriés, melete Pieris melete Appias pandione lagela Pontna edusa praeclara Pontna Appias galba Coliadinae
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Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.301, fg.15 p.1034, fg.19-20 p.1033, fg.12-13 p.1024, fg.02-03 p.1244, fg.11 p.1250, fg.03-04 ) 1 2 3 Notes 1 2 3 (as bulis 3 LC 1 2 3 cNT 1 2 3 cNT cNT
√ X
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IV
√ III
√ √ OS
√ √ √ √ √ √ RPF
√ √ √ √ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC (Swinhoe, 1910) (Swinhoe, Butler, 1876 Butler, Eliot & Kawazoé, 1983 Eliot & Kawazoé, (Cramer, [1780]) (Cramer, Doubleday, 1842 Doubleday, Sugiyama, 1992 Sugiyama, (Moore, 1879) (Moore, (Moore, 1877) (Moore, (Moore,1865) (Moore, 1906) (Moore, Moore, 1865 Moore, (Kollar,[1844]) Evans, 1954 Evans, Ménétriés, 1855 Ménétriés, Hewitson, 1861 Hewitson, ssp. Hewitson, 1866 Hewitson, (Westwood, 1851) (Westwood, Dercas lycorias lycorias lycorias lycorias Dercas Calias feldii Dodona ouida Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Riodininae fegyas Zemeros naga acuta Curets 1885) (Poujade, Zizina emelina thibetensis Eurema laeta sikkima laeta Eurema Zizeeria maha Zizeeria Lycaeninae huegelii dipora Everes Bates, 1867 Dodona eugenes Bates, Lampides boetcus (Linnaeus, 1767) Lampides boetcus LYCAENIDAE Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) hecabe Eurema Westwood, 1851 Dodona egeon Westwood, Udara dilectus Dodona dipoea Dodona adonira (Moore, 1879) (Moore, albocaerulea Udara albocaerulea Yoshino, 1999 Yoshino, Dodona kaolinkon Abisara freda daliensis Stboges nymphidia nymphidia nymphidia Stboges nymphidia Abisara fylla Abisara neophron Curetnae (de Nicéville, [1884]) (de Nicéville, marginata marginata Celatoxia Monodontdes musina musinoides Monodontdes (de Nicéville, 1884) (de Nicéville, argiolus iynteana Celastrina Celastrina lavendularis Celastrina Celastrina oreas yunnana Celastrina
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Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.434, fg.04 p.443, fg.11 p.456, fg.20 p.1213, fg.30 p.1119, fg.50 p.1182, fg. 14-15 Notes 2, cNT 6 3 New to Yunnan to New New to China to New LC
X
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ √ √ √ √ √ IV
√ III
OS
√ √ √ √ RPF
√ √ √ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC (Koiwaya, (Koiwaya, Koiwaya, 2002 Koiwaya, (Tytler, 1915) (Tytler, Moore, 1883 Moore, (Cramer, [1777]) (Cramer, de Nicéville, 1887 de Nicéville, (Stoll, [1782]) (Stoll, Tytler, 1912 Tytler, (Hewitson, 1869) (Hewitson, Talbot, 1947 Talbot, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hewitson, 1869) (Hewitson, (Elwes, 1887) (Elwes, sp. Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Danainae [1844]) (Kollar, sita sita Parantca Melanits leda (Fruhstorfer, 1910) (Fruhstorfer, puspa gisca Acytolepis (Forster, 1980) (Forster, vardhana nepalica Oreolyce 1918) (Fruhstorfer, rovorea Orthomiella ponts 1793) (Fabricius, strabo strabo Catochrysops (Doubleday, [1849]) sura (Doubleday, Lethe Lethe goalpara gana Lethe Jamides bochus Parantca aglea melanoides Parantca mulciber Euploea sp. Prosotas (Evans, [1925]) (Evans, dubiosa indica Prosotas 1918 Fruhstorfer, Heliophorus eventa Satyrinae Evans, 1932 Evans, Heliophorus brahma mogoka Heliophorus ila pseudonexus Eliot, 1963 Heliophorus ila pseudonexus Heliophorus tamu kala kala Heliophorus tamu kirbariensis machimurai Chrysozephyrus 2002) Chrysozephyrus paona Chrysozephyrus Chrysozephyrus vitatus phoopan vitatus Chrysozephyrus Chrysozephyrus duma Chrysozephyrus Cheritrella truncipennis Sinthusa virgo Sinthusa Riley, 1939 Riley, rayata Sinthusa Chliaria kina Rapala 1865) (Hewitson, ctesia ctesia Ancema (Moore, 1884) (Moore, bhotea bhotea Maneca NYMPHALIDAE
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Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.517, fg.01 p.515, fg.05 p.493, fg.08 p.541, fg.05 p.489, fg.05-06 Notes Yunnan to New cNT cVU 6, cVU 2, cNT 6 Yunnan to New cNT 6, cVU 6 1 2 3, cNT cNT cNT 1 2 3 6 cNT 1 2 3 1 2 3 X √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight √ √ √ IV III
√ OS √ RPF √ √ √ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC Watkins, 1927 Watkins, Tytler, 1939 Tytler, (C. & R. Felder, 1862) (C. & R. Felder, Uemura & Koiwaya, & Koiwaya, Uemura Tytler, 1939 Tytler, Tytler, 1939 Tytler, Gray, 1846 Gray, Moore, 1881 Moore, Lee, 1962 Tytler, 1939 Tytler, (Hewitson, 1863) (Hewitson, Lang, 2016 Tytler, 1939 Tytler, (Poujade, 1885) (Poujade, serica Leech, [1892] serica (Atkinson, 1871) (Atkinson, de Nicéville, 1886 de Nicéville, Leech, 1890 Westwood, [1850] Westwood, (Hewitson, 1863) (Hewitson, Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Callerebia polyphemus annadina (Poujade, 1885) (Poujade, ocellata ocellata Lethe Orinoma damaris Lethe neofaciata Lee, 1985 neofaciata Lethe sidonis Lethe (Tytler, 1939) (Tytler, kabrua satrica Rhaphicera Moore, 1857 Moore, sanatana francisca Mycalesis Lethe maitryaLethe thawgawa Lethe kanjupkula burmana kanjupkula Lethe 1863 Hewitson, nicetas Lethe 1911 Fruhstorfer, verma sintca Lethe dinarbas hyrania Lethe Moore, 1874 Moore, charaka gotama Mycalesis misenus Mycalesis Lethe brisanda Lethe oculatssima Lethe serbonis pallida Lethe Lethe tengchongensis tengchongensis Lethe Mycalesis suaveolens konglua suaveolens konglua Mycalesis (Poujade, 1884) (Poujade, luteofasciata Lethe Lethe andersoni Lethe Ypthima conjuncta montcola montcola conjuncta Ypthima 2000 Chonala praeusta burmana Chonala praeusta (Moore, 1893) (Moore, sakra austeni Ypthima Neope muirheadii Neope armandii khasiana Neope yama kinpingensis Neope oberthueri qiqia Huang, 2002 Neope ramosa Neorina neosinica Lee, 1985 Neorina neosinica Neorina hilda
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14452–14470 14467 Buterfy fauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Lo & Bi
p.682, fg.08 Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.591, fg.12 p.805, fg.01 1 2 Notes 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Yunnan to New 1 2 3 1 2 3
√ √ √ √ X
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IV
√ √ III
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ OS
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ RPF
√ √ √ √ LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC Moore, 1872 Moore, (Blanchard, 1871) (Blanchard, Boisduval, 1846 Boisduval, (Linnaeus, 1763) Oberthür, 1920 Oberthür, (Drury, [1773]) (Drury, Moore, 1872 Moore, 1999 (Hewitson, 1864) (Hewitson, (Leech, 1892) (Gray, 1846) (Gray, Hübner, [1819] Hübner, (Linnaeus, 1763) (Rothschild, 1899) (Rothschild, (Drury, [1773]) (Drury, (Gray, 1831) (Gray, Elwes & Edwards, 1893 & Edwards, Elwes Tytler, 1940 Tytler, Shirôzu & Shima, 1977 Shirôzu (Linnaeus, 1758) Butler, 1871 Butler, Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc Calinaga davidis buphonas 1940) thawgawa (Tytler, narcaea Polyura thyodamas thyodamas Cyrests 1914) (Fruhstorfer, Acraea issoria sordice cardui Vanessa Charaxinae Heliconiinae Polyura dolon grandis Polyura Ypthima menpae Huang, Ypthima Ypthima persimilis Ypthima (Herbst, 1794) (Herbst, indica indica Vanessa Polyura athamas Polyura Cyrestnae Ypthima confusa confusa Ypthima Cethosia biblis Cethosia Cirrochroa tyche mithila Uémura & Monastyrskii, 2000 & Monastyrskii, Uémura fronterii Ypthima Childrena childreni Kaniska canace canace canace Kaniska (Moore, [1858]) rudra (Moore, Argyronome laodice Nymphalinae Issoria lathonia isaaea Argyreus hyperbius hyperbius Argyreus hyperbius Ypthima zodia zodia Ypthima Calinaginae Symbrenthia doni Symbrenthia lilaea Symbrenthia Symbrenthia niphanda Symbrenthia Junonia orithya ocyale Junonia orithya Aglais urtcae chinensis Aglais urtcae Araschnia prorsoides
14468 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14452–14470 Buterfy fauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Lo & Bi
Illustratons in Illustratons & Hsu (2017) Wu p.947, fg.09 p.881, fg.06 p.919, fg.26 cNT 2 Notes New to Yunnan to New cNT cNT cVU 1 2 3 cNT
√ √ √ √ √ √ X
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IX
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VII VIII
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ VI
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ V Flight period (Month) Flight
√ IV
III
√ √ √ √ √ √ OS
√ √ √ RPF
LFS Locaton
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ NTC
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ STC Westwood, 1850 Westwood, Doyere, 1840 Doyere, (Moore, [1858]) (Moore, (Kollar, [1844]) (Kollar, Oberthür, 1906 Oberthür, (Doubleday, [1848]) (Doubleday, (C. & R. Felder, 1859) (C. & R. Felder, Moore, 1872 Moore, Doubleday, 1844 Doubleday, Oberthür, 1907 Oberthür, Evans, 1924 Evans, (Moore, 1859) (Moore, ssp. Moore, [1858] Moore, Westwood, 1850 Westwood, (Doubleday, [1848]) (Doubleday, Oberthür, 1894 Oberthür, Dilipa morgiana Libytheinae Scientfc name and higher classifcaton Scientfc opalina Athyma nama Hestna [1858] Moore, lepita Libythea lepita Hestna persimilis Hestna de Nicéville, 1886 de Nicéville, knyveti Kallima Kallima inachus Kallima (Kollar, 1848) Pseudergolis wedah (Kollar, Athyma jina Athyma Auzakia danava Auzakia Parasarpa zayla zayla Parasarpa Parasarpa dudu Parasarpa (Gray, 1846) (Gray, nicea Stbochiona nicea (Doubleday, [1848]) (Doubleday, daraxa Sumalia daraxa Limenitnae Nepts soma shania Nepts Evans, 1924 Evans, ochracea ananta Nepts Moore, 1872 Moore, cartca cartca Nepts Nepts sappho astola sappho astola Nepts armandia Nepts Nepts dejeani Nepts Oberthür, 1906 nemorum Oberthür, Nepts themis theodora Nepts 1913 Fruhstorfer, sakota Euthalia Euthalia dubernardi Euthalia Euthalia nara Euthalia Euthalia franciae raja Euthalia Apaturinae
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14452–14470 14469 Buterfy fauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Lo & Bi
Appendix 2. Buterfy fauna of Tengchong County reported by earlier workers that were not found in the present study.
The buterfy fauna of Tengchong County has also been briefy investgated by diferent researchers and some of the species reported in their works were not detected during the present survey. These species are listed below with reference source and notes on selected taxa. 1. Potanthus lydius (Evans, 1934) — Xue 2009. 2. Parnara gutata gutata (Bremer & Grey, 1853) — Xue 2009. 3. Byasa nevilli (Wood-Mason, 1882) — Lee & Cao 1987; Xue 1995. 4. Papilio paris paris Linnaeus, 1758 — Xue 1995. 5. Delias subnubila Leech, 1893 — Lee & Cao 1987; Lee 1995; Xue 1995. 6. Delias patrua Leech, 1890 — Lee & Cao (1987); Xue (1995). Delias lepida Lee, 1995, nomen nudum The name Delias lepida Lee in Lee (1995) very likely referred to the record of this species because D. patrua was the only Tengchong species listed in Lee & Cao (1987) but absent in Lee (1995), and both records had identcal feld informaton (Tengchong, 1,780m). Perhaps the author intended to publish lepida formally, but no acton was taken eventually. Since there was no descripton, reference nor indicaton accompanying the name lepida, it should be treated as a nomen nudum. 7. Aporia larraldei (Oberthür, 1876) — Lee & Cao (1987); Lee (1995); Xue (1995) 8. Lethe siderea Marshall, 1881 — Lang (2017). 9. Lethe lanaris Butler, 1877 — Lee & Cao (1987); Lee (1995); Xue (1995). 10. Callarge sagita (Leech, 1890) — Wu & Hsu (2017) Although most of the Tengchong records in Wu & Hsu (2017) originated from the present study, this species was an excepton. 11. Ypthima beautei Oberthür, 1884 — Lee & Cao (1987); Lee (1995); Xue (1995); It is likely that the records of Y. beautei in Tengchong were actually Y. fronterii Uémura & Monastyrskii, 2000, a recently described species, which is quite common in Tengchong. 12. Ypthima chinensis Leech, 1892 — Xue (1995). 13. Nepts hylas (Linnaeus, 1758) — Xue (1995).
Threatened Taxa
14470 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14452–14470
PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
September 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 11 | Pages: 14391–14470 Date of Publicaton: 12 September 2019 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2019.11.11.14391-14470
Monograph
Communicatons
Introducton to a four-year biodiversity survey of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, in the footsteps of pioneering naturalists in western Yunnan, China – Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Zeng Bi & Shao-Zhong Duan, Pp. 14391–14401
Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China – Fei Li, Xiang-Yuan Huang, Xing-Chao Zhang, Xing-Xi Zhao, Jian-Huan Yang & Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Pp. 14402–14414
Current status of birds in Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China – Xi Zheng, Fei Li, Zheng Bi, Xing-Chao Zhang, Ji-Guo Han & Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Pp. 14415–14433
A report on the herpetofauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China – Jian-Huan Yang, Xiang-Yuan Huang, Jian-Fang Ye, Shen-Pin Yang, Xing-Chao Zhang & Bosco Pui-Lok Chan, Pp. 14434–14451
A preliminary report on buterfy fauna (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China – Yik Fui Philip Lo & Zheng Bi, Pp. 14452–14470
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