DOCSLIB.ORG

Exserohilum Turcicum (Pass.) Leo. & Suggs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exserohilum Turcicum (Pass.) Leo. & Suggs 3TUDIES OF SORGHUM LEAF BLIGHT INCITED BY Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leo. & Suggs. by M.H. ADEN, B.SC(A~) THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF PLAN'!'.+%3139L00y CEREALS PATHOLOGY UNIT COLLEGE OF AQRIGU~TVRI CERCEAL8 PROGRAM ANDHRA PRADESH.~@MflMt;"t#RAk IaCPfbM' UNIVERSITY MYMCMERU RAJENDRANAQAR, #$@#%at?$00 090 A,P, '402 324 AUGUST 1991 Studies of Sorghum Leaf Blight Incited by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leo. & Suggs. by M.H. ADEN, B.Sc (Ag) Master of Science STUDIES OF SORGHUM LEAF BLIGHT INCITED BY Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leo. & Suggs. THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY CEREALS PATHOLOGY UNIT COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE CEREALS PROGRAM ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL ICRISAT UNIVERSITY PATANCHERU RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD 500 030 A.P. 602 324 AUGUST 1991 CERTIFICATE Mr. Mohamed Hassan Aden has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and that the thesis entitled "Studies of sorghum leaf blight incited by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leo. and Suggs" submitted is the result of original research work, and is of sufficiently high standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not been previously submitted by him for a degree of any university. Date: 3f Major ~&i&r L.K. Mughogho Principal Plant Pathologist Cereals Program ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Studies of sorghum leaf blight incited by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leo and Suggs." submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirment for the degree of Master of Science in Agricul- ture of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad, is a record of the bonafide research work carried out by Mr. Mohamed Hassan Aden under my guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by the Student's Advisory Committee. No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The published part has been fully dc- knowledged. All assistance and help received during the course of investigations has been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis Chairman of the Advisory Committee Thesis approved by the Students' Advisory Committee: ( a k4\ik.v LC\:jP9- Member L.K. Mughogho Dr.A.G.Ramachandra Reddy Principal Plant Pathologist Assoc. Professor Cereals Program Dept. of Plant Pathology ICRISAT APAU - --L)) *, fi?,L +--- Member 7 Dr. A. Shiv Raj Prof. & Head Dept, of Plant Physiology APAU CONTENTS Chapter Title Page N 0 No I. INTRODUCTION 1-3 11. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2,l The fungus 4 2.1.1 Taxonomy 4 2.1.2 Morphology 4 2.2 The disease 5 2.2.1 Symptoms 5 2.2.2 Disease cycle 6 2.2.3 Distribution and economic importance 6 2.3 Mass production of conidial inoculum 7 2.3.1 Effects of media 7 2.3.2 Effects of temperature 9 2.4 Inoculation methods 9 2.4.1 Diseased leaves as inoculum 9 2,4.2 Spore suspensions as inoculum 10 2.5 Infection process 11 2.5.1 Spore deposition and germination 11 2.5.2 Penetration and colonization 13 2.6 Plant growth stages and their suscepti- bility to E.turcicum 14 2.7 Host range and pathogenic specificity on maize and sorghum 15 I11 MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of the fungus 18 Pathogenicity tests 19 Preparation of inoculum 19 Inoculation of plants 20 Mass production of conidial inoculum 21 Preparation of the media 2 2 Inoculation of the media 2 3 Incubation of inoculated media 2 3 Colony growth of E. turcicum 23 Sporulation of E. turcicum 2 4 Inoculation methods 2 5 Diseased sorghum leaves burried in soil 26 Diseased sorghum leaves spread over soil 26 Diseased sorghum leaves placed in the leaf whorls 27 Chapter Title Page No No Conidial suspension of the fungus sprayed onto leaves 2 7 Conidial suspensions of the fungus placed in the leaf whorl 2 8 Disease scoring 2 8 Data analysis 2 8 Infection process 2 8 Plant growth stages and susceptibility of E.turcicum 3 1 -E. turcicum isolates from sorghum and maize and their pathogenicity on genotypes of both hosts 3 2 Collection of the isolates 3 2 Inoculation 3 3 IV RESULTS Pathogenicity tests 3 5 Mass production of conidial inoculum 3 6 Effects of temperature and media on colony growth of E, turcicum 3 6 Effects of temperature and media on sporulation 46 Combined effects of temperature and media on colony growth and sporulation 5 2 Inoculation methods 60 Infection process 61 Spore deposition and germination 61 Germ tube and appressoria formation 62 Penetration and colonization 63 Plant growth stages and susceptipility to E. turccum 7 4 E.turcicum isolates from sorghum and maize and their pathogenicity on both hosts 76 Isolates from sorghum 77 Isolates from maize 77 V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 80-88 VI SUMMARY 89-91 VII LITERATURE CITED 1-vii LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page No. No. 1 The 1-5 leaf blight disease rating scale 2 0 2 Contents of the media 2 1 3 Mean disease score for pathogenicity tests of 3 5 F.turcicum on sorghum variety Framida with three concentrations. 4 Mean colony growth of E.turcicum in mm on 3 6 lactose casein hydrolysate agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 5 Mean colony growth (mm) of E.turcicum on 3 8 potato dextrose agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 6 Mean colony growth (in mm) of E.turcicum on 4 0 sorghum leaf extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 7 Mean colony growth (in mm) of E.turcicum on 4 2 maize leaf extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 8 Mean colony growth (in mm) of E.turcicum on 4 4 maize grain extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 9 Mean colony growth (in mm) of E.turcicum on 46 sorghum grain extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 10 Mean sporu1 ation of E.turcicum as number of 4 8 spores mL- on lactose casein hydrolysate ' agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 11 Mean sprul tion of E.turcicum as number of spores mL - B on potato dextrose agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 12 Mean sporu ation of E.turcicum as number of 4 9 spores mL-i on sorghum leaf extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. Table Title Page No. No. 13 Mean sporu ation of E.turcicum as number of 5 0 spores mL-1 on maize leaf extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 14 Mean sporu ation of E.turcicum as number of 5 0 spores mL-' on maize grain extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 15 Mean sporu ation of E.turcicum as number of 5 1 spores mL-i on sorghum grain extract agar at different temperatures and days of incubation. 16 Mean sporu ation of E.turcicum as number of 5 2 spores mLmi on sorghum leaf medium at different temperatures and days of incubation. 17 Mean colony growth of E.turcicum on six media 53 and five temperatures after 12 days of incubation. 18 Mean sporu ation of E.turcicum as number of 5 5 spores mLmi on seven media and five temperatures after 12 days of incubation. 19 Mean disease score on two sorghum varieties 60 (Framide and Local FSRP) and five different inoculation methods with E.turcicum. 2 0 Number of conidia of E-turcicum seen and 62 their germination percentage on the leaves of susceptible (Framida) and resistant (IS 8283) sorghum varieties at different hours after inculation. 21 The number of conidia seen, percentage of 64 conidia forming germ tubes, appressoria and penetration, and colonization by E.turcicum on the leaves of susceptible (Framida) sorghum variety at different hours after incubation. 22 The number of conidia seen, percentage of 65 conidia forming germtubes, appressoria and penetration, and colonization by E,turcicum on the leaves of resistant sorghum variety (IS 8283) at different hours after inoculation. Table Page No. No. 2 3 The number of conidia seen, percentage of 66 conidia that penetrated, colonized and spread of mycebin of E.turcicum inside the leaves of susceptible sorghum variety (Framida) at different hours after inoculation. 2 4 The number of conidia seen, percentage of 7 4 conidia that penetrated, colonized and spread of mycelium of E.turcicum inside the leaves of resistant sorghum variety (IS 8283) at different hours after inoculation. 2 5 Mean disease score for six sorghum growth 7 5 stages of two sorghum varieties (Framida and local FSRP) inoculated with E.turcicum. 2 6 Mean disease score of leaf blight incidence of 76 two sorghum varieties (Framida and local FSRP) at six growth stages. 2 7 Pathogenicity of E.turcicum isolates from 7 7 sorghum on maize and sorghum varieties. 2 8 Pathogenicity of E.turcicum isolates from 7 8 maize on sorghum and maize varieties. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure number Title Page 1. Colony growth of E, turcicum at different 3 7 temperatures and days of incubation on lactose casein hydrolysate agar. 2. Colony growth of E. turcicum at different 3 9 temperatures and days of incubation on potato dextrose agar. 3. Colony growth of E. turcicum at different 4 1 temperatures and days of incubation on sorghum leaf extract agar.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Family Pleosporaceae: Intergeneric Relationships and Phylogenetic Perspectives Based on Sequence Analyses of Partial 28S Rdna
    Mycologia, 98(4), 2006, pp. 571–583. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 The family Pleosporaceae: intergeneric relationships and phylogenetic perspectives based on sequence analyses of partial 28S rDNA Rampai Kodsueb niothelia, which is probably polyphyletic. Anamorphic Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai characters appear to be significant (especially in University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cochliobolus) while ascospore morphologies, such as Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran shape and color and substrate occurrence are poor Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of indicators of phylogenetic relationships among these Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, loculoascomycetes. Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Key words: anamorphs, ascospore morphology, Andre´ Aptroot Loculoascomycetes, phylogeny, Pleospora, polyphy- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P.O. Box letic, ribosomal DNA 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands Saisamorn Lumyong INTRODUCTION Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai The largest family within the Pleosporales, Pleospor- University, Chiang Mai, Thailand aceae, comprises 17 genera and 111 species (Kirk et al Eric H.C. McKenzie 2001). Species are parasites or saprobes on wood and Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, dead herbaceous stems or leaves (Sivanesan 1984). New Zealand The classification in the Pleosporaceae has been Kevin D. Hyde based primarily on the Pleospora type of centrum Rajesh Jeewon1 development (Dong et al 1998) and asci that are Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of interspersed with pseudoparaphyses in the asco- Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, stroma. These pseudoparaphyses originate above the Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong hymenial layer and grow downward among the asci to fuse at the base of the locule (Wehmeyer 1975).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Spider Webs As Edna Tool for Biodiversity Assessment of Life's
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.209999; this version posted July 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Spider webs as eDNA tool for biodiversity assessment of life’s domains Matjaž Gregorič1*, Denis Kutnjak2, Katarina Bačnik2,3, Cene Gostinčar4,5, Anja Pecman2, Maja Ravnikar2, Matjaž Kuntner1,6,7,8 1Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 5Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China 6Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 7Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution, NW, Washington, DC 20560-0105, USA 8Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China *Corresponding author: Matjaž Gregorič, [email protected], [email protected]. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.209999; this version posted July 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • A First Record of Exserohilum Rostratum As a New Pathogen Causing Bean Blight in Egypt
    atholog P y & nt a M l i P c f r o o b l i o a n l Journal of Plant Pathology & o r g u y o J ISSN: 2157-7471 Microbiology Research Article A First Record of Exserohilum rostratum as a New Pathogen Causing Bean Blight in Egypt Farag MF1*, Attia FM2 1Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; 2Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt ABSTRACT Seedling blight of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was recorded in bean fields at five different localities in Beni Sweif Governorate, Egypt. Symptoms appeared as green dark to purplish-brown spots, with brown margins. The affected plant leaves were collected for mycological analysis. Percentage of disease incidence were 30%, 25%, 22%, 15% and 35% in El-Wasta, Nasser, Beni Sweif, Sumosta and Beba counties respectively. Leaf samples were surface sterilized and cultured on potato dextrose agar. The growing fungi were identified on morphological as well as on molecular basis. Microscopic examination revealed that the isolated organisms have the same characteristics of Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs. Among the 30 fungal isolates collected from the five bean plantations, a representative isolate was grown for DNA extraction, PCR and rDNA sequencing. Universal primers targeting ITS regions of the rDNA were used for PCR and sequencing. Results confirmed that the sequences of these fungi showed close relationship with E. rostratum with 99.6% - 100% similarity. The obtained sequences were deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MT075801, MT071830, MT071831, MT071832, and MT071834. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that E.
    [Show full text]
  • Curvularia Mosaddeghii Sp. Nov., a Novel Species from the Family Pleosporaceae
    Mycosphere 9(4): 635–646 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/4/2 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Curvularia mosaddeghii sp. nov., a novel species from the family Pleosporaceae Heidari K1, Mehrabi-Koushki M1, 2* and Farokhinejad R1 1Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 2 Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Heidari K, Mehrabi-Koushki M, Farokhinejad R 2018 – Curvularia mosaddeghii sp. nov., a novel species from the family Pleosporaceae. Mycosphere 9(4), 635–646, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/4/2 Abstract The new species C. mosaddeghii sp. nov. isolated from plants of Syzygium cumini and Vigna unguiculata is described and illustrated. Three-locus DNA sequence based phylogeny, in combination with morphology of the asexual morph, were used to characterize this species. Phylogenetic analysis used combined sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1α). In the phylogenetic trees, both isolates of C. mosaddeghii clustered together as a monophyletic clade with strong support, distinct from other previously known species of Curvularia. Morphologically, this species is distinguished from closely related species by having narrower conidia and hila. Key words – Ahvaz – Jambolan – Cowpea – Mycoflora – New species Introduction Curvularia belongs to Pleosporaceae and is widely distributed in soil water and plants and infects humans and animals (Sivanesan 1987, Manamgoda et al. 2011, 2012 a, b, da Cunha et al. 2013, Rangaswamy et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancement of Sporulation in Species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum by Growth on Cellulose-Containing Substrates
    Mycopathologia (2006) 162: 133–140 Ó Springer 2006 DOI 10.1007/s11046-006-0043-8 Enhancement of sporulation in species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum by growth on cellulose-containing substrates Robert G. Pratt U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, 5367Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA Received 23 December 2005; accepted 24 May 2006 Abstract Nine species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum were compared for sporulation on agar media and for enhancement of sporulation by growth on four cellulose-containing substrates (index card, filter paper, cheesecloth, cotton fabric). On two natural and one synthetic agar media, sporulation varied from profuse to nonexistent among three isolates of each species. Growth of all species on cellulose substrates resulted in large and significant increases in sporulation. Growth on index card pieces often provided the greatest increases, but no single substrate was superior for all species, and significant sub- strate  isolate interactions were observed within species. Overlay of filter paper onto whole colonies in agar plates resulted in 2 to 18-fold increases in sporulation for eight of nine species and production of spores in sufficient quantity for most experimental purposes. Overlay of soil dilution plates with filter paper to promote sporulation of colonies enabled detection of B. spicifera, B. hawaiiensis, C. lunata, and E. rostratum at relatively low population levels ( £ 1.3  103 colony-forming units per gram of soil) in samples of a naturally infested soil. Results indicate that enhancement of sporulation by growth of species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum on cellulose substrates may facilitate (i) their identifi- cation in culture, (ii) production of spores at relatively high concentrations, and (iii) detection and enu- meration of these fungi in soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Locus Phylogeny of Pleosporales: a Taxonomic, Ecological and Evolutionary Re-Evaluation
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 64: 85–102. 2009. doi:10.3114/sim.2009.64.04 Multi-locus phylogeny of Pleosporales: a taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary re-evaluation Y. Zhang1, C.L. Schoch2, J. Fournier3, P.W. Crous4, J. de Gruyter4, 5, J.H.C. Woudenberg4, K. Hirayama6, K. Tanaka6, S.B. Pointing1, J.W. Spatafora7 and K.D. Hyde8, 9* 1Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; 2National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.; 3Las Muros, Rimont, Ariège, F 09420, France; 4CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 5Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands; 6Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan; 7Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 93133, U.S.A.; 8School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; 9International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China 650034 *Correspondence: Kevin D. Hyde, [email protected] Abstract: Five loci, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, are used for analysing 129 pleosporalean taxa representing 59 genera and 15 families in the current classification ofPleosporales . The suborder Pleosporineae is emended to include four families, viz. Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae. In addition, two new families are introduced, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Dictyosporous Genera and Species of Pleosporales in North America
    Some Dictyosporous Genera and Species of Pleosporales in North America * . - Margaret E. Barr NYBG The New York Botanical Garden Bronx, New York 10458, U.S.A. Issued: 26 December 1990 Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden Volume 62 Copyright © 1990 The New York Botanical Garden Published by The New York Botanical Garden Bronx, New York 10458 International Standard Serial Number 0071-5794 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Barr, Margaret E. Some dictyosporous genera and species of Pleosporales in North America Margaret E. Barr. p. cm. — (Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden ; v. 62) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89327-359-7 1. Pleosporales—North America—Classification. I. Title. II. Title: Dictyosporous genera and species of Pleosporales in North America. III. Series. QK1.N525 vol. 2 [QK623.P68] 581 s—dc20 [589.2'3] 90-13421 CIP Copyright © 1990 The New York Botanical Garden International Standard Book Number 0-89327-359-7 DECEMBER 1990 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 62: 1-92 Some Dictyosporous Genera and Species of Pleosporales in North America M argaret E. B arr1 Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Key to Families of Pleosporales with Dictyosporous Genera........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Plant Pathogen Communities and Their Environmental Drivers at a National Scale
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Characterising plant pathogen communities and their environmental drivers at a national scale A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andreas Makiola Lincoln University, New Zealand 2019 General abstract Plant pathogens play a critical role for global food security, conservation of natural ecosystems and future resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services in general. Thus, it is crucial to understand the large-scale processes that shape plant pathogen communities. The recent drop in DNA sequencing costs offers, for the first time, the opportunity to study multiple plant pathogens simultaneously in their naturally occurring environment effectively at large scale. In this thesis, my aims were (1) to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metabarcoding for the detection and identification of plant pathogens at the ecosystem scale in New Zealand, (2) to characterise plant pathogen communities, and (3) to determine the environmental drivers of these communities. First, I investigated the suitability of NGS for the detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptions of Medical Fungi
    DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI THIRD EDITION (revised November 2016) SARAH KIDD1,3, CATRIONA HALLIDAY2, HELEN ALEXIOU1 and DAVID ELLIS1,3 1NaTIONal MycOlOgy REfERENcE cENTRE Sa PaTHOlOgy, aDElaIDE, SOUTH aUSTRalIa 2clINIcal MycOlOgy REfERENcE labORatory cENTRE fOR INfEcTIOUS DISEaSES aND MIcRObIOlOgy labORatory SERvIcES, PaTHOlOgy WEST, IcPMR, WESTMEaD HOSPITal, WESTMEaD, NEW SOUTH WalES 3 DEPaRTMENT Of MOlEcUlaR & cEllUlaR bIOlOgy ScHOOl Of bIOlOgIcal ScIENcES UNIvERSITy Of aDElaIDE, aDElaIDE aUSTRalIa 2016 We thank Pfizera ustralia for an unrestricted educational grant to the australian and New Zealand Mycology Interest group to cover the cost of the printing. Published by the authors contact: Dr. Sarah E. Kidd Head, National Mycology Reference centre Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Sa Pathology frome Rd, adelaide, Sa 5000 Email: [email protected] Phone: (08) 8222 3571 fax: (08) 8222 3543 www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au © copyright 2016 The National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: creator: Kidd, Sarah, author. Title: Descriptions of medical fungi / Sarah Kidd, catriona Halliday, Helen alexiou, David Ellis. Edition: Third edition. ISbN: 9780646951294 (paperback). Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: fungi--Indexes. Mycology--Indexes. Other creators/contributors: Halliday, catriona l., author. Alexiou, Helen, author. Ellis, David (David H.), author. Dewey Number: 579.5 Printed in adelaide by Newstyle Printing 41 Manchester Street Mile End, South australia 5031 front cover: Cryptococcus neoformans, and montages including Syncephalastrum, Scedosporium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Microsporum, Purpureocillium, Paecilomyces and Trichophyton. back cover: the colours of Trichophyton spp. Descriptions of Medical Fungi iii PREFACE The first edition of this book entitled Descriptions of Medical QaP fungi was published in 1992 by David Ellis, Steve Davis, Helen alexiou, Tania Pfeiffer and Zabeta Manatakis.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense): Possible Role As A
    Weed Science Diseases of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense): www.cambridge.org/wsc possible role as a reservoir of pathogens affecting other plants 1 2 3 Review Ezekiel Ahn , Louis K. Prom and Clint Magill 1 Cite this article: Ahn E, Prom LK, Magill C Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, 2 (2021) Diseases of Johnsongrass (Sorghum College Station, TX, USA; Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research halepense): possible role as a reservoir of Center, College Station, TX, USA and 3Professor, Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M pathogens affecting other plants. Weed Sci. 69: University, College Station, TX, USA 393–403. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2021.31 Received: 11 November 2020 Abstract Revised: 5 March 2021 Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is one of the most noxious weeds distributed Accepted: 5 April 2021 around the world. Due to its rapid growth, wide dissemination, seeds that can germinate after First published online: 19 April 2021 years in the soil, and ability to spread via rhizomes, S. halepense is difficult to control. From a Associate Editor: perspective of plant pathology, S. halepense is also a potential reservoir of pathogens that can Chenxi Wu, Bayer U.S. – Crop Science eventually jump to other crops, especially corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. As one of the most problematic weeds, S. halepense and its diseases can provide Keywords: Cross infection; plant pathogens; weed. useful information concerning its role in diseases of agronomically important crops. An alter- native consideration is that S. halepense may provide a source of genes for resistance to patho- Author for correspondence: gens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Exserohilum Species in an Immunocompromised Patient
    Case Report DOI: 10.7241/ourd.20134.129 A CASE OF SUBCUTANEOUS PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY EXSEROHILUM SPECIES IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT Koppada Rajasekhar, Anaparthy Usharani, Nirupama Padmaja Bondili, Ratna Harika Dusi, Perala Balamurali Krishna Source of Support: Department of Microbiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India Nil Competing Interests: Corresponding author: Prof. Anaparthy Usharani [email protected] None Our Dermatol Online. 2013; 4(4): 498-500 Date of submission: 11.08.2013 / acceptance: 30.09.2013 Abstract Phaeohyphomycoses are rare fungal infections, caused by dematiaceous fungi, manifested as cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, meningitis, sinusitis, keratitis, osteomyelitis and disseminated infection. This is a case report of a 45year old immuno compromised female on ART (Anti Retroviral therapy) presented with fever and generalized nodular lesions draining pus on face, hands, axilla, groin and labia majora since one month. Biopsy of the subcutaneous nodule on the lateral aspect of the thigh revealed septate fungal hyphae on 10% KOH (10% Potassium Hydroxide) mount. Fungal culture of the biopsy material on SDA (Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar) at 250C showed cotton wooly, dark gray to olivaceous black growth with black reverse and identified as dematiaceous fungi belonging to Exserohilum species by microscopy. The patient was put on Itraconazole 200mg BD in combination with Terbinafine 250mg BD for which she responded with healing of pustular lesions in two weeks and complete remission in two
    [Show full text]