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Erna Gunther (1896-1982) Author(S): Viola E Erna Gunther (1896-1982) Author(s): Viola E. Garfield and Pamela T. Amoss Source: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 86, No. 2 (Jun., 1984), pp. 394-399 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/678972 Accessed: 24-03-2017 17:59 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms American Anthropological Association, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Anthropologist This content downloaded from 128.95.104.66 on Fri, 24 Mar 2017 17:59:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 394 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [86, 1984] :i:i comfortable middle-class home. Her father, Casper Gunther, was a jeweler who had emi- grated from Germany, so she learned German :~r#:I:I: at home and acquired a good command of French from a French-speaking grandmother. :ir::::::l;g:?::::: j)#~l:;:;8:i;::j?,,:::::::_:: :::::::j?:-:... ~"-?::::i::::::::i:I:i:::::::;:?:?:?:: :.i ~,:::::::j: In 1919 she graduated from Barnard College ~?li;:j?::i?:~~':':I? :::: ,:,:::::.:_:.::.:_:_:__:::-:::::-,::: :::: :: :::::::::::::: :::j::: :?:l-:i:::~i~, :;'::::':::::':-:::::i'tiiZii;ii:':'-ii :.:...: .-:::-:i_::i?i-i:i::- where she had taken courses from Franz Boas, ~::~~:~IX~~:i:::a:::::~ :-: :::?:?:i: i- then professor of anthropology at Columbia. :::;:::l:;l:i:i:iil:ii_:- :......_ ;-i::i::::i:jii:r:lt:I :?:?: :?:::::::: ~~i8i?iil-l ;::::?:::::?:? :':::::::::':':: ;:::i::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::; :-ii ::-i-i ':::::-::-:::::::"::- .. : .. : .. : -.... : : : : :::i::: ::::: .:::. She went directly to graduate study in anthro- :i:i:iii:ii:i-i-iii:i :: ::- i i::::::::::: _.. .: i:::i:: ;:&:jijiijjil''i'::"' pology at Columbia and received her MA in '''':':'-'-'-'':::':':- ::: ::::::::::::::::j: i:.ijjiiiril;i:iii:iiiii:i:i::::-i-l--:: ii:li:: .-.-.- i-i'i 1920. :::::,: i::, :iiiiii::li3Si_':I.i:.-1:iiilil-' ?:?::::i:i::::i::::::::::::::::::::::::: :.-:-:.. liIii 1:i::i:5::a::-: Gunther came to the University of Washing- :i :'~i-:lii:::i;irBI;i :::::::::j::j ton first in 1921, with her new husband, Leslie Spier, who had replaced T. T. Waterman as the University's resident anthropologist. During the early years in Seattle, Gunther's professional and family life were both busy. She was ap- pointed to the associate faculty at the university in 1923, produced four major publications (1924, 1925, 1926, and 1927), and gave birth to the couple's two children, Robert and Christo- pher. Her connection with the University of Washington was temporarily broken when Spier resigned to teach at Oklahoma and she com- Erna Gunther (1896-1982) pleted her doctoral work, but in 1929 Washing- ton invited them both back, Spier as director of the Washington State Museum and professor of VIOLA E. GARFIELD* anthropology, and Gunther as instructor in an- University of Washington thropology. In 1930 when she and Spier PAMELA T. AMOSS separated, he left Seattle for the last time, but she remained to carry on as director of the P. M. Consulting, Seattle museum and head of the department. With Erna Gunther's death in 1982 terminated Spier's departure, the department consisted of two faculty, Erna Gunther and Melville Jacobs. over six decades of productive scholarship and The challenge of keeping her department alive further thinned the ranks of that first genera- tion of Franz Boas's students, whose work setand the growing in a university atmosphere not always friendly to either anthropology or to style and defined the problems that have women faculty absorbed much of Gunther's characterized American anthropology up to and prodigious energy for the next 25 years. Very including the present time. An assessment of Gunther's role in American early she learned that anthropology's survival at Washington depended as much on strong local anthropology cannot be separated from her support as on a reputation for scholarship. In place at the University of Washington in Seat- the mid-1930s Melville Jacobs, writing to Franz tle. She directed the Department of Anthropol- Boas, lamented Gunther's unwillingness to bat- ogy for 25 years and the museum for 31 years. tle the dean for extra funds to publish his Coos More than anyone else she was responsible for texts because "text volumes have little sale or setting the direction and establishing the repu- circulation beyond the narrowest scholarly tation of anthropology at Washington. The circles and she wishes to build our position and evolution of her own interests can only be prestige with publication of material that is far understood in the light of the opportunities and more widely in demand" (Jacobs 1936). Gun- limitations of that setting. ther's preference was dictated less by personal Born in Brooklyn, New York, on November taste than by a realistic reading of the political 9, 1896, Gunther grew up an only child in a factors promoting survival in the difficult depression years. To this same end, in those ear- * Professor Garfield passed away on ly years Gunther was always on the "Chatauqua November 25, 1983-Ed. Circuit" speaking to Cub Scout packs, business- This content downloaded from 128.95.104.66 on Fri, 24 Mar 2017 17:59:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms OBITUARIES 395 men's associations, women's clubs, church Although she was no longer attached to a groups, or lecturing to extension classes, orga- university or museum, Gunther's professional nizing special training sessions for local Bureau services were still very much in demand. She of Indian Affairs employees, and the like. continued to travel to museums all over the Her strategy succeeded for both department country setting up new exhibits or reorganizing and museum. Under her direction the depart- collections. For example, after the death of ment grew from a skeleton force of two faculty Melville Jacobs in 1972, it was Gunther who was in 1930 to four faculty and a teaching assistant commissioned by the Whatcom Museum of His- in 1932. Soon a physical anthropologist and tory an and Art to catalog his exceptionally fine archeologist were added. By the time Gunther basket collection, donated to the museum by his resigned from the chairmanship in 1955 there widow. During this period, also, Gunther's were some ten full-time faculty. During earlierthe service to community and profession was same period the Washington State Museum recognizedalso in a variety of ways. In 1971 the flourished. Always alert to make the museum's Washington State Historical Society awarded name illustrious, Gunther often lent pieces her to its highest honor, the Robert Gray Medal, other museums for special exhibitions. On in the gratitude for her years on the advisory board local scene she brought the museum to life of byPacific Northwest Quarterly, her public lec- sending displays to schools, giving innumerable tures, and her labor refurbishing the society's public lectures, and by her classes, both large on Indian basket collection. In 1976 she was campus and through extension. Her radio invited to present a retrospective on her own series, "Museum Chats," later expanded into a research to the Simon Fraser Northwest Studies television show, had a particularly lasting effect: Conference, in Vancouver, Canada. And in many people who saw her on TV in the 1950s 1981, some twenty years after she had relin- still have a lively interest in Northwest Indian quished the directorship, the Burke Museum at art and culture 30 years later. Ironically, when Washington held a special ceremony to honor the old building left to the university from the her. Scholars, former students, old friends from 1909 Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition, which the Indian communities, and local patrons of had housed both Museum and Department of Northwest Coast art gathered to hear her eulo- Anthropology for so many years, was finally gized and to congratulate her on her long and condemned and a new museum opened in 1964, productive career. The museum at the same Gunther was no longer director. Two years time announced plans for the Erna Gunther later, faced with mandatory retirement, Erna Memorial Garden to be devoted to plants used Gunther chose to leave the institution to which by local Native people. her personal and professional life had been soAn assessment of Gunther's scholarship closely tied for so long. In 1966 she joined makes the it clear that however successful her ad- Department of Anthropology and Geography ministrative at career, her own research interests the University of Alaska in Fairbanks and were initially constrained and ultimately re- became Chair in 1967. Her interest in the directed by those responsibilities. One has only northern Northwest Coast had been growing to compare for the impressive list of publications some years before she relocated. In shethe produced early from 1924 to 1930 with the slower 1960s she had been invited to reorganize rate the at col- which she published after she became lection of Indian and Eskimo artifacts at the head of anthropology and museum, to realize Sheldon Jackson Museum in Sitka, Alaska. that Hershe was forced to sacrifice the intensity of displays were so successful that they merited her earlier a scholarly commitment to the needs of letter of appreciation read into the U.S. department Con- and museum. Furthermore, one gressional Record of September 2, 1964. can While trace in the six decades of her publications a at the University of Alaska she campaigned gradual alienation from the mainstream of vigorously for better facilities and more modern theoretical development in favor of increasing equipment for her department, edited concentration the on regional culture and history.
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