DOCSLIB.ORG

Cytology, Ploidy and Molecular Taxonomy of Prosopis Juliflora DC and Prosopis Pallida HBK

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cytology, Ploidy and Molecular Taxonomy of Prosopis Juliflora DC and Prosopis Pallida HBK Cytology, Ploidy and Molecular Taxonomy of Prosopis Juliflora DC and Prosopis Pallida HBK Sherry, Minu Unpublished PhD thesis deposited in CURVE February 2015 Original citation: Minu, S. (2012) Cytology, Ploidy and Molecular Taxonomy of Prosopis Juliflora DC and Prosopis Pallida HBK. Unpublished PhD thesis. Coventry: Coventry University Some images and a research paper have been removed due to third party copyright. The unabridged version of the thesis can be viewed at the Lanchester Library, Coventry University Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. This version may differ to the published paper. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. CURVE is the Institutional Repository for Coventry University http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open ABSTRACT Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and P. pallida (H.&.B. ex Willd.) H.B.K. occur naturally in the Americas and they are morphologically similar species. They are multipurpose trees and their ability to grow in poor soil conditions has encouraged their introduction throughout the arid regions of the tropics and semi tropics. The taxonomy of the genus Prosopis Linnaeus emend. Burkart is unclear and a revision of the genus is suggested by several studies. Due to their similarity, the differentiation of P. juliflora and P. pallida is difficult. Although there has been some success in differentiating the species using ploidy, leaf morphology and molecular markers, further approaches are required. This study looked for suitable cytological characters and molecular markers that would differentiate the two tropical species. The cytological character analysis allowed for the development of a dichotomous key for their identification based on leaf stomatal characters. Stomatal length and epidermal cell density are the two characters on which the keys were developed. Correct identification of the species will allow for genetic improvement programmes and conservation efforts in the native regions. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that P. juliflora and P. pallida were separable into two groups. This could help in the classification of unknown herbarium specimens or previously misidentified samples. The phylogenetic relationship of the two species is also disputed and previous RAPD studies show close genetic similarity between the two species, suggesting a reconsideration of the series within section Algarobia. There are also disputes regarding the geographical distribution of both species and naming of new species. In this study, similarity index analysis and cluster analysis on the RAPD data revealed P. juliflora to be more closely related to North American Prosopis spp. than to P. pallida. This result does not agree with other published studies which identifies them i Abstract as closely related species, but agrees with the classification of Burkart. In the present study, the transferability of microsatellite markers developed from P. chilensis (Molina) Stuntz emend. Burkart and P. flexuosa DC. to other Prosopis species was studied. The microsatellite markers gave successful amplification profiles in some of the 13 Prosopis species analysed. Chloroplast DNA intron region was also utilised in this study to detect potentially informative sequences which could differentiate the two species. The trnL- trnF intergenic spacer region in the cpDNA was utilised. This approach was able to confirm the sequence difference in the spacer region between the two species and future work involving additional DNA regions in the chloroplast gene would provide more insight into the phylogenetic relationship of all the species. This could also clear the taxonomical confusion surrounding the genus as a whole. This study has improved knowledge on the relationship between the morphologically similar tropical P. juliflora and P. pallida. The differentiation of the two species using cytology and molecular markers has provided an improved understanding of these resourceful species. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my Director of Studies Dr. Ashok Patel for his guidance, encouragement and excellent advice throughout this study. Sincere thanks to my supervisors Prof. Philip J. Harris and Dr. Steve Smith (Coventry University) for their invaluable experience and advice on Prosopis. I would like to thank Dr. Paul Hand (Warwick HRI, Wellesbourne) for his expertise and advice on Prosopis molecular work; and to Dr. Janey Henderson for her guidance. My sincere thanks to Dr. Anton Rosenfeld (HDRA) for providing seeds of Prosopis species. I also extend my gratitude to all the lab staff, Neil, Sue and Vicky, for their timely help. Lastly, I would like to thank my friends and family for their continuous support, prayers and encouragement. I am greatly indebted to Sherry for his love, encouragement, patience and moral support throughout. iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... III CONTENTS................................................................................................................ IV LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. VII LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... IX 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introducing the genus Prosopis ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Taxonomy of the genus .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Natural distribution of the genus ................................................................. 8 1.4 Prosopis and its uses ....................................................................................... 9 1.5 Prosopis juliflora and Prosopis pallida ........................................................ 11 1.5.1 Problems in identification of P. juliflora and P. pallida ........................ 12 1.5.2 Proposed taxonomic revisions to P. juliflora and P. pallida .................. 14 1.5.3 Comparative morphology of P. juliflora and P. pallida ......................... 19 1.5.4 Cytotaxonomy and ploidy ...................................................................... 22 1.5.5 Resource value of the two species .......................................................... 23 1.6 Research, scope, aims and objectives ......................................................... 29 2. DIFFERENTIATION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA AND PROSOPIS PALLIDA BASED ON STOMATAL CHARACTERS AND THEIR POLYPLOIDISATION BY COLCHICINE .................................................... 31 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 31 2.1.1 Differentiation of P. juliflora and P. pallida using stomatal characters . 31 2.1.2 Polyploidisation of P. juliflora and P. pallida using colchicine .......... 33 2.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................ 36 2.2.1 Stomatal character measurements of P. juliflora and P. pallida ............ 36 2.2.2 Polyploidisation of P. juliflora and P. pallida ........................................ 42 2.3 Results ........................................................................................................... 45 2.3.1 Differentiation of P. juliflora and P. pallida using stomatal characters . 45 2.3.2 Polyploidisation of P. juliflora and P. pallida ........................................ 54 2.4 Discussion and conclusions ......................................................................... 60 2.4.1 Differentiation of P. juliflora and P. pallida on stomatal characters .... 60 iv Contents 2.4.2 Polyploidisation of P. juliflora and P. pallida using colchicine ............ 63 3. MOLECULAR DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN PROSOPIS JULIFLORA, PROSOPIS PALLIDA AND SELECTED SPECIES OF PROSOPIS ON THE BASIS OF RAPD AND MICROSATELLITE TRANSFERABILITY STUDIES ............................................................................................................. 69 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 69 3.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................ 75 3.2.1 Prosopis accessions ................................................................................ 75 3.2.2 DNA extraction ....................................................................................... 78 3.2.3 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis ................... 79 3.2.4 Microsatellite marker amplification ....................................................... 82 3.3 Results ........................................................................................................... 85 3.3.1 RAPD analysis of Prosopis species ........................................................ 85 3.3.2 Cluster analysis ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph
    DFID DFID Natural Resources Systems Programme The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA - the organic organisation The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA Coventry UK 2001 organic organisation i The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Correct citation Pasiecznik, N.M., Felker, P., Harris, P.J.C., Harsh, L.N., Cruz, G., Tewari, J.C., Cadoret, K. and Maldonado, L.J. (2001) The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK. pp.172. ISBN: 0 905343 30 1 Associated publications Cadoret, K., Pasiecznik, N.M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2000) The Genus Prosopis: A Reference Database (Version 1.0): CD ROM. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0 905343 28 X. Tewari, J.C., Harris, P.J.C, Harsh, L.N., Cadoret, K. and Pasiecznik, N.M. (2000) Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. CAZRI, Jodhpur, India and HDRA, Coventry, UK. 96p. ISBN 0 905343 27 1. This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. (R7295) Forestry Research Programme. Copies of this, and associated publications are available free to people and organisations in countries eligible for UK aid, and at cost price to others. Copyright restrictions exist on the reproduction of all or part of the monograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Germination and Early Seedling Survival of the Invasive Species Prosopis Juliflora (Fabaceae) Depend on Habitat and Seed Dispersal Mode in the Caatinga Dry Forest
    Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest Clóvis Eduardo de Souza Nascimento1,2, Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva3,4, Inara Roberta Leal5, Wagner de Souza Tavares6, José Eduardo Serrão7, José Cola Zanuncio8 and Marcelo Tabarelli5 1 Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil 2 Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil 3 Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil 5 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil 6 Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia 7 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil 8 Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil ABSTRACT Background: Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed Submitted 22 November 2018 Accepted 5 July 2020 dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early Published 3 September 2020 seedling performance and consequently the P.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Patterns of Variation Within the Central-European Tephroseris Longifolia Agg.: Karyological and Morphological Study
    Preslia 87: 163–194, 2015 163 Exploring patterns of variation within the central-European Tephroseris longifolia agg.: karyological and morphological study Karyologická a morfologická variabilita v rámci Tephroseris longifolia agg. Katarína O l š a v s k á1, Barbora Šingliarová1, Judita K o c h j a r o v á1,3, Zuzana Labdíková2,IvetaŠkodová1, Katarína H e g e d ü š o v á1 &MonikaJanišová1 1Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Matej Bel, Tajovského 40, SK-97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; 3Comenius University, Bratislava, Botanical Garden – detached unit, SK-03815 Blatnica, Slovakia Olšavská K., Šingliarová B., Kochjarová J., LabdíkováZ.,ŠkodováI.,HegedüšováK.&JanišováM. (2015): Exploring patterns of variation within the central-European Tephroseris longifolia agg.: karyological and morphological study. – Preslia 87: 163–194. Tephroseris longifolia agg. is an intricate complex of perennial outcrossing herbaceous plants. Recently, five subspecies with rather separate distributions and different geographic patterns were assigned to the aggregate: T. longifolia subsp. longifolia, subsp. pseudocrispa and subsp. gaudinii predominate in the Eastern Alps; the distribution of subsp. brachychaeta is confined to the northern and central Apennines and subsp. moravica is endemic in the Western Carpathians. Carpathian taxon T. l. subsp. moravica is known only from nine localities in Slovakia and the Czech Republic and is treated as an endangered taxon of European importance (according to Natura 2000 network). As the taxonomy of this aggregate is not comprehensively elaborated the aim of this study was to detect variability within the Tephroseris longifolia agg.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL NORDESTE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Evaluación de parámetros de calidad en semillas y plantas de Prosopis alba de distintas procedencias Ma. Laura Fontana Ingeniera Agrónoma Director Dra. Claudia Luna Co-Director MSc. Víctor Pérez 2019 ii ÍNDICE GENERAL Prefacio i - vi Capítulo I: Introducción antecedentes del género y especie 1 Características evolutivas del género Prosopis spp. 2 Prosopis alba: importancia y distribución en Argentina 16 Hipótesis 34 Objetivos general y específicos del trabajo 34 Anexos 35 Capítulo II: Influencia de la procedencia geográfica sobre caracteres inherentes a morfometría y calidad de semillas 40 Introducción 41 Material y métodos 44 Resultados 49 Discusión 59 Consideraciones generales 67 Anexos 69 Capítulo III: Influencia de la procedencia en parámetros de calidad mor- fológica de plantines forestales 85 Introducción 86 Material y métodos 88 Resultados 90 Discusión 91 Consideraciones generales 97 Anexos 98 Capítulo IV: Influencia de la procedencia geográfica sobre sobreviven- cia y variables dasométricas 102 Introducción 103 Material y métodos 111 Resultados 113 iii Discusión 114 Consideraciones generales 118 Anexos 119 Capítulo V: Conclusiones y perspectivas futuras 125 Bibliografía 130 iv RESUMEN Con el objeto de determinar las diferencias en semillas y plantas de Prosopis alba de las procedencias Salta Norte, Santiagueña y Chaqueña, se caracterizó morfométrica- mente las semillas, se estudió la fenometría de la germinación, se determinaron pará- metros de calidad de plantas en vivero y se evaluó el comportamiento de las plantas a campo a través de su sobrevivencia e incrementos volumétricos. Los resultados evi- denciaron diferencias en los parámetros morfométricos de las semillas; al mismo tiem- po las variables estudiadas permitieron separar las procedencias mediante el análisis multivariado.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Annual Variability in Prosopis Caldenia Pod Production in the Argentinean
    Inter-annual variability in Prosopis caldenia pod production in the Argentinean semiarid Pampas: A modelling approach 1, 2,* 2, 3 4 1, 2 Lucia Risio , Rafael Calama Stella M. Bogino and Felipe Bravo 1 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid-INIA, Av. Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain. 2 Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, E.T.S. de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Palencia, Spain. 3 Departamento de selvicultura y Gestión Forestal, CIFOR-INIA. Madrid, Spain. 4 Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina. * Corresponding author: Tel: +34 979108427, Fax: +34 979108440, E-mail address:[email protected]. 1 Abstract The driest part of the Argentinean pampas is occupied by semiarid woodlands dominates by Prosopis caldenia Burkart (Calden). Calden pods are a highly valuable fodder supplement for livestock but its production is highly variable. Our objective was to analyze and model the temporal pattern in inter-annual variability of Calden pod production. Our key hypothesis is that weather conditions are the main determinant of the pod masting behavior. Tree size and climatic variables were evaluated as explanatory covariates using a zero-inflated log-normal modelling approach. The proposed final model structure incorporated 25 parameters, including four variance components, two intercepts for both the logistic and the log-normal parts of the model, and nineteen parameters associated with fixed effects. Climate had a strong influence on the flowering-fruiting Calden process and on the inter-annual variability of the final pod production at the tree level. Temperatures during bud breaking, flowering and fruit shedding, together with the precipitation from the final month of fruit shedding and the total amount of the prior vegetative cycle, were the main weather covariates that affect the processes.
    [Show full text]
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm
    Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership.
    [Show full text]
  • Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus Patagonus As Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert
    diversity Article Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert Guillermo Blanco 1,* , Pedro Romero-Vidal 2, Martina Carrete 2 , Daniel Chamorro 3 , Carolina Bravo 4, Fernando Hiraldo 5 and José L. Tella 5 1 Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain 2 Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] (P.R.-V.); [email protected] (M.C.) 3 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, F-79360 Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France; [email protected] 5 Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] (F.H.); [email protected] (J.L.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires detailed knowledge about plant–animal interactions, especially when keystone species are involved. The recent consideration of parrots as legitimate seed dispersers has widened the range of mechanisms influencing the life cycle of many plant species. We examined the interactions between the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus Citation: Blanco, G.; Romero-Vidal, patagonus and two dominant algarrobo trees (Prosopis alba and Prosopis nigra) in the Monte Desert, P.; Carrete, M.; Chamorro, D.; Bravo, Argentina. We recorded the abundance and foraging behaviour of parrots; quantified the handling, C.; Hiraldo, F.; Tella, J.L.
    [Show full text]
  • New Handbook for Standardised Measurement of Plant Functional Traits Worldwide
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Journal of Botany http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BT12225 New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide N. Pérez-Harguindeguy A,Y, S. Díaz A, E. Garnier B, S. Lavorel C, H. Poorter D, P. Jaureguiberry A, M. S. Bret-Harte E, W. K. CornwellF, J. M. CraineG, D. E. Gurvich A, C. Urcelay A, E. J. VeneklaasH, P. B. ReichI, L. PoorterJ, I. J. WrightK, P. RayL, L. Enrico A, J. G. PausasM, A. C. de VosF, N. BuchmannN, G. Funes A, F. Quétier A,C, J. G. HodgsonO, K. ThompsonP, H. D. MorganQ, H. ter SteegeR, M. G. A. van der HeijdenS, L. SackT, B. BlonderU, P. PoschlodV, M. V. Vaieretti A, G. Conti A, A. C. StaverW, S. AquinoX and J. H. C. CornelissenF AInstituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC) and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. BCNRS, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175), 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. CLaboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 du CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. DPlant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. EInstitute of Arctic Biology, 311 Irving I, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA. FSystems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Ecological Science, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. GDivision of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhtattan, KS 66506, USA. HFaculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • En Tallos De Prosopis Caldenia Burkart (Fabaceae)
    Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 16(1): 1-12, 2014 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) Modificaciones morfológicas inducidas por Tetradiplosis panghitruz Martínez (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en tallos de Prosopis caldenia Burkart (Fabaceae) Bárbara Mariana CORRÓ MOLAS1, Juan José MARTÍNEZ2, Luisina CARBONELL SILLETTA1, María Celeste GALLIA1, Graciela Lorna ALFONSO1 1Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Avenida Uruguay 151, CP LP6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, [email protected]. 2División Entomología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Ángel Gallardo 470, CI405CJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, [email protected]. Abstract. Morphological modifications induced by Tetradiplosis panghitruz (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in stems of Prosopis caldenia Burkart (Fabaceae). Representatives of a recently described species of Tetradiplosis Kieffer & Jörgensen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) induce galls in stems of Prosopis caldenia Burkart (Fabaceae). The modifications on plant tissues during the development of the gall were studied, as well as their relationship with the life cycle of the inducer. Galls were collected in a field belonging to the Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. In summer, females of Tetradiplosis panghitruz lay their eggs individually on the epidermis of stems developed in the previous spring. Eggs hatch and larvae move through the egg corion and the stem epidermis to penetrate the internal tissues of the stem. The first modification induced by the larvae is the increased size of cells in the cortical parenchyma. Once inside the stem, the larva induces the formation of a cell chamber in the xylem. Galls induced by T. panghitruz are uni, bi, or plurilocular with a single larva per chamber.
    [Show full text]
  • Root System Morphology of Fabaceae Species from Central Argentina
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wulfenia Jahr/Year: 2003 Band/Volume: 10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Weberling Focko, Kraus Teresa Amalia, Bianco Cesar Augusto Artikel/Article: Root system morphology of Fabaceae species from central Argentina 61-72 © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 10 (2003): 61–72 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Root system morphology of Fabaceae species from central Argentina Teresa A. Kraus, César A. Bianco & Focko Weberling Summary: Root systems of different Fabaceae genera from central Argentina, are studied in relation to habitat conditions. Species of the following genera were analyzed: Adesmia, Acacia, Caesalpinia, Coursetia, Galactia, Geoffroea, Hoffmannseggia, Prosopis, Robinia, Senna, Stylosanthes and Zornia. Seeds of selected species were collected in each soil geographic unit and placed in glass recipients to analyze root system growth and branching degree during the first months after germination. Soil profiles that were already opened up were used to study subterranean systems of arboreal species. Transverse sections of roots were cut and histological tests were carried out to analyze reserve substances. All species studied show an allorhizous system, whose variants are related to soil profile characteristics. Roots with plagiotropic growth are observed in highland grass steppes (Senna birostris var. hookeriana and Senna subulata), and in soils containing calcium carbonate (Prosopis caldenia). Root buds are found in: Acacia caven, Caesalpinia gilliesii, Senna aphylla, Geoffroea decorticans, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Adesmia cordobensis and Hoffmannseggia glauca. Two variants are observed in transverse sections of roots: a) woody with predominance of xylematic area with highly lignified cells, and b) fleshy with predominance of parenchymatic tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornelissen Et Al. 2003. a Handbook of Protocols for Standardised And
    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/ajb Australian Journal of Botany, 2003, 51, 335–380 A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide J. H. C. CornelissenA,J, S. LavorelB, E. GarnierB, S. DíazC, N. BuchmannD, D. E. GurvichC, P. B. ReichE, H. ter SteegeF, H. D. MorganG, M. G. A. van der HeijdenA, J. G. PausasH and H. PoorterI ADepartment of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. BC.E.F.E.–C.N.R.S., 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. CInstituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, F.C.E.F.yN., Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, CC 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. DMax-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 10 01 64, 07701 Jena, Germany; current address: Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, ETH Zentrum LFW C56, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland. EDepartment of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 N. Cleveland Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA. FNational Herbarium of the Netherlands NHN, Utrecht University branch, Plant Systematics, PO Box 80102, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. GDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. HCentro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo (CEAM), C/ C.R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnologic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. IPlant Ecophysiology Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands. JCorresponding author; email: [email protected] Contents Abstract. 336 Physical strength of leaves . 350 Introduction and discussion . 336 Leaf lifespan.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms Affecting the Fate of Prosopis Flexuosa (Fabaceae
    Austral Ecology (2002) 27, 416–421 Mechanisms affecting the fate of Prosopis flexuosa (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) seeds during early secondary dispersal in the Monte Desert, Argentina PABLO E. VILLAGRA,1 LUIS MARONE2* AND MARIANO A. CONY2 1Departamento de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina and 2Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET, Casilla de Correo 507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina (Email: [email protected]) Abstract The fate of seeds during secondary dispersal is largely unknown for most species in most ecosystems. This paper deals with sources of seed output of Prosopis flexuosa D.C. (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) from the surface soil seed-bank. Prosopis flexuosa is the main tree species in the central Monte Desert, Argentina. In spite of occasional high fruit production, P. flexuosa seeds are not usually found in the soil, suggesting that this species does not form a persistent soil seed-bank. The magnitude of removal by animals and germination of P. flexuosa seeds was experimentally analysed during the first stage of secondary dispersal (early autumn). The proportion of seeds removed by granivores was assessed by offering different types of diaspores: free seeds, seeds inside intact endocarps, pod segments consisting of 2–3 seeds, and seeds from faeces of one herbivorous hystricognath rodent, the mara (Dolichotis patagonum). The proportion of seeds lost through germination was measured for seeds inside intact endocarps, seeds inside artificially broken endocarps, and free seeds. Removal by ants and mammals is the main factor limiting the formation of a persistent soil seed-bank of P. flexuosa: >90% of the offered seeds were removed within 24 h of exposure to granivores in three of four treatments.
    [Show full text]