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Die Entstehung Des Australischen Grundstücksregisterrechts (Torrenssystem) - Eine Rezeption Hamburger Partikularrechts ?“

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Die Entstehung Des Australischen Grundstücksregisterrechts (Torrenssystem) - Eine Rezeption Hamburger Partikularrechts ?“ „Die Entstehung des australischen Grundstücksregisterrechts (Torrenssystem) - eine Rezeption Hamburger Partikularrechts ?“ Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der juristischen Doktorwürde dem Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaften der Philipps-Universität zu Marburg vorgelegt von Antonio Esposito Rechtsanwalt aus Olpe Marburg 2005 Druck von SDZ GmbH in Dresden, im Auftrag des TENEA VERLAG LTD. Als Dissertation von dem Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaften Angenommen an: 13.01.2004 Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. Leser Mitberichterstatter: Professor Dr. Buchholz Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 11.02.2004 TENEA Juristische Reihe TENEA/ Bd. 98 Tenea (‘η Τενεα´ ), Dorf im Gebiet von Korinth an einem der Wege in die → Argolis, etwas s. des h. Chiliomodi. Sehr geringe Reste. Kult des Apol- lon Teneates. T. galt im Alt. sprichwörtl. als glück- lich, wohl wegen der Kleinheit […] Aus: K. Ziegler, W. Sontheimer u. H. Gärtner (eds.): Der Kleine Pauly. Lexikon der Antike. Bd. 5, Sp. 585. München (Deutscher Taschen- buch Verlag), 1979. ANTONIO K. ESPOSITO Die Entstehung des australischen Grundstücksregisterrechts (Torrenssystem) – eine Rezeption Hamburger Partikularrechts?! Antonio K. Esposito Die Entstehung des australischen Grundstücksregisterrechts (Torrenssystem) – eine Rezeption Hamburger Partikularrechts?! (Juristische Reihe TENEA/www.jurawelt.com; Bd. 98) Zugleich Universität Marburg – Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft Dissertation 2005 Gedruckt auf holzfreiem, säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier © TENEA Verlag für Medien Berlin 2005 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. All rights reserved. Digitaldruck und Bindung: SDZ GmbH · 01159 Dresden Umschlaggestaltung: nach Roland Angst, München TENEA-Graphik: Walter Raabe, Berlin Printed in Germany 2005 ISBN 3-86504-137-X Meiner Mutter, die mir das nötige Durchhaltevermögen vererbte Vorwort Die Idee zur vorliegenden Arbeit entsprang einem Blockseminar von Prof. Adrian Bradbrook (University of Adelaide) und Prof. Hans G. Leser (Philipps Universität Marburg) zum angelsächsischen Grundstücksrecht, an dem ich noch als Student teilnahm. Aufgrund des zwischen den Universitäten in der Folge vereinbarten Austauschprogramms konnte ich im Rahmen eines postgradualen Magisterstudiums in Australien eine umfassende Quellensuche und –analyse vornehmen. Die Ergebnisse jener Quellensichtung führten zu den Fragestellungen, die Gegenstand der folgenden Untersuchung wurden. Die Arbeit wurde von Prof. Hans G. Leser betreut. Zweitkorrektor war Prof. Stephan Buchholz. Prof. Lesers Erfahrungen im rechtsvergleichenden Arbeiten waren mir von großem Nutzen. Er war mir ein Vorbild für die Gewissenhaftigkeit und Authentizität wissenschaftlichen Vorgehens. Neben vielen anderen inhaltlichen Anregungen verdanke ich ihm insbesondere den Hinweis auf die Problematik der „equitable interests“, deren Einbindung sich im Nachhinein als besonders fruchtbar für die Arbeit erwiesen hat. Zu Danken habe ich auch Herrn Prof. Adrian Bradbrook, der als Verfasser eines australischen Standardwerks auf dem Gebiet des Grundstücksrechts mir in zahlreichen Gesprächen half, viele der sonst bei rechtsvergleichenden Arbeiten leicht möglichen Fehlschlüsse zu vermeiden. Danken möchte ich auch Herrn Dr. Greg Taylor (Monash University, Melbourne) für sein besonders kritisches Hinterfragen meiner Argumente, das es mir ermöglichte, die Reaktion der australischen „scientific community“ auf einen ausländischen Beitrag zur eigenen Rechtsgeschichte zumindest teilweise vorauszusehen. Eine wissenschaftliche Arbeit ist immer auch Ausdruck einer Denkweise und eines Vorgehens, das durch Diskussionen mit Freunden und Kollegen geprägt wurde. Stellvertretend für sie möchte ich meinem Freund Herrn Dr. Michel Herzberg danken, der als Naturwissenschafter und Biologe in vielen Gesprächen mit mir die Frage nach der richtigen wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsweise erörterte. Zu erwähnen ist auch der Tenea-Verlag, der es mir erlaubte, ohne Zusatzkosten die Internetversion (www.jurawelt.com/dissertationen) der Arbeit mit einem zusätzlichen Anhang (Gesetzestexte etc.) zu versehen. Schließlich gilt mein Dank meiner Freundin Frau Karen Balke, die mit großem Fleiß das Korrekturlesen übernahm. Marburg, den 22.1.05 Antonio K. Esposito 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Kapitel 1: Einleitung: .................................................................................................... 7 Kapitel 2: Rechtspolitische Vorbedingungen des Rezeptionsprozesses ..................15 I. Die Schwächen des alten englischen Rechts auf südaustralischem Boden........ 15 1. Das „deeds system“: Die Urkundenübertragung nach britischer Tradition.. 15 a) Entstehung des Systems........................................................................... 15 b) Funktionsweise des „deeds system“ ........................................................ 16 c) Das Problem des Berechtigungsnachweises (Chain of Title) .................. 16 2. Die „deeds registration“: Urkundenregistrierung nach südaustralischem Recht ............................................................................................................ 18 a) Entstehung der „deeds registration“......................................................... 18 b) Die Funktionsweise der „deeds registration“ .......................................... 19 c) Die Schwächen der „deeds registration“.................................................. 20 II. Reformbedarf aufgrund der besonderen Situation Südaustraliens.................... 21 1. Die besondere Situation im Grundstücksverkehr ......................................... 21 a) Unterschied zu England: Land als Handels- und Investitionsobjekt ....... 22 b) Unruhige Wirtschafts- und Bevölkerungsbewegungen ........................... 23 c) Unzureichende Landvermessung ............................................................. 24 d) Fehlerquellen bei Weiterverkäufen.......................................................... 25 e) Rechtszustand des Jahres 1857 in Zahlen................................................ 25 2. Besonderheiten der politischen Lage Südaustraliens.................................... 26 a) Die ablehnende Haltung der südaustralischen Juristen............................ 26 b) Politische Aufbruchsstimmung und Grundstücksrecht als Wahlkampfthema ......................................................................................... 30 Kapitel 3: Der Beginn der Reform: Die Konzeptsuche.............................................34 I. Die Reformvorschläge des Zeitungsherausgebers Anthony Forsters als richtungsweisende Konzeptidee zur Entwicklung des Torrenssystems ........... 34 1. Überblick ...................................................................................................... 36 2. Forsters Konzeptvorschlag ........................................................................... 36 a) Grundkonzept vom 3. und 4. Juli 1856.................................................... 37 aa) Wirksamkeitserklärung durch eine Registerstelle............................. 37 bb) Staatlich sanktioniertes Landkartensystem ....................................... 38 cc) Rechtsübertragungen ......................................................................... 39 dd) Forsters Zusammenfassung vom 5. Juli 1856................................... 41 b) Verfeinerung des Grundkonzepts mit Hilfe des neuen Schiffsregisterrechts..................................................................................... 41 aa) Verfügungsvordrucke, Eigentümerurkunden und Registerbuch ....... 42 bb) Rechtsübertragungen mit Verfügungsvordrucken ............................ 42 3. Die öffentliche Diskussion von Forsters Vorschlägen ................................. 43 a) Diskussion des Grundkonzepts................................................................ 44 2 aa) Diskussion über die Machbarkeit einer Reform ................................44 (1) Besondere Schwierigkeit der Materie ...........................................44 (2) Abwarten britischer Rechtsänderungen.........................................45 bb) Diskussion über die Einführung eines Zentralregisters und die Wirksamkeitserklärung geprüfter Rechtstitel ..........................................46 (1) Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis einer Registerstelle nach Forster ........46 (2) Schwierigkeiten der rückwirkenden Einführung des Registers ....47 (3) Ausgestaltung der Registerstelle ...................................................48 b) Diskussion möglicher Übertragungsmodelle ...........................................49 aa) Diskussion über die Anwendung des Schiffsregisterrechts, insbesondere die Einführung von Verfügungsvordrucken (Schedules) ..49 (1) Übertragbarkeit des Schiffsregisterrechts im Allgemeinen...........49 (2) Verfügungsvordrucke des Merchant Shipping Act 1854 ..............50 bb) Diskussionsbeiträge zum deutschen Recht........................................51 4. Zusammenfassung.........................................................................................53 II. Die Royal Commission Reports von 1829/30, 1850 und 1857 als bisher verkannte theoretische Grundlage für Forsters Reformvorschläge...................54 1. Vorbemerkung...............................................................................................54 2. Die Anhänge des 1829/30er Berichts als bisher verkannte Ideenquelle für Forsters Vorschläge ......................................................................................55 a) Inhalt des Anhangs zum Teilbericht von 1829.........................................57 aa) Überblick............................................................................................58
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